TH
Po
LONDON” Qe ae

JOURNAL OF BOTANY;

CONTAINING

FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS

: SUCH PLANTS AS RECOMMEND THEMSELVES BY THEIR
| NOVELTY, RARITY, HISTORY, OR USES;

TOGETHER WITH
BOTANICAL NOTICES AND INFORMATION,
AND

OCCASIONAL MEMOIRS OF EMINENT BOTANISTS;

BY

SIR W. J. HOOKER, KEH, D.C.L., FRA, LS.

VICE-PRESIDENT or THE PIN NE SCT ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH

ACADEMY; MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMY CÆSAR-LEOPOLD. NATURE CURIOSORUM;
OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY CÆSAR. NATUR CURIOSORUM OF MOSCOW; OF THE ROYAL
ACADEMIES OF SWEDEN, PRUSSIA, LUND; OF THE ACADEMIES OF PHILADELPHIA, NEW

YORK, BOSTON; OF THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETY OF MONTREAL, &c., &c

AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW.

VOL. VII.
L3]

WITH TWENTY-THREE PLATES.

LONDON:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY
REEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.

. 1848.

REEVE, BENHAM, AND REEVE,
PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS.
KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND.

3

THE

LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY;

EDITED BY

SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., L.L.D., F.R.S., & F.L.S.

On the structure of Cructrrrous FLowers ; by A. Moquix-
TANDON, and P. Barker WEBB.

The Cruciferous Order, one of the most numerous and important
in the Vegetable Kingdom, has attracted the attention of many
distinguished botanists, who, at various times, have studied the
peculiar structure of its inflorescence. The most contradictory —
opinions on the symmetry of its organs, and on the original type ——
to which they should be referred, have been the result. Owing to -
this disparity of opinion among botanists, and notwithstanding their _
labours, much yet remains to be said on this interesting subject. — —
Our intention is to recapitulate the theories, true or false, of the —
authors who have preceded us, and having shown the value of the —
* Remix, and combated the télé, we shall add our own observa-
Dope. and deduce from both a new explanation of kim important
S of the flower.

CALYX.

The Calys i is composed of four folioles ; two lieni, alternating
| sit the d. and two cutting it at right angles, one of vidis is
+. hee monostémones ou valvaires—DC.

2 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

interior, or opposed to the axis, the other exterior.* The two
lateral folioles are inserted a little lower than the interior and ex-
terior, ( foliola paullo demissius inserta, Endlich). We shall explain
hereafter the cause of this difference. It is sufficient, at present,
to say, that in several species this difference is almost null, and
that botanists in their descriptions have always considered these
four folióles as forming part of a single whorl. We conclude, then,
that the first verticillum in the Cruciferæ presents the quaternary
type.

The two lateral folioles are often a little broader than the others :
they present, sometimes, at their base, a slight dilatation, a kind
of gibbosity (Hesperis, Matthiola), or even a sort of spur (Londraba
sulphurea, Med.). Notwithstanding this, all writers have described
the calyx as a regular verticil.

M. Krause, in some lately published remarks,} affirms that the
anterior and posterior leaflets, instead of being placed a little lower
than the two lateral ones, are, in reality, a little higher, and that
in point of time, they are produced before them in the bud. He
imagines that the former of these is a bract, and the latter a bracteole.

M. Duchartre is of a different opinion.t According to him
the anterior and posterior leaflets are certainly developed first. We
have ourselves ascertained this precedence, and we have seen, like-
wise, that their insertion is a little lower than that of the two
others. As to the names bract and bracteole, given to these organs
by M. Krause, it will be sufficient to say, that it is not possible
that there should be a bracteole between a flower and the axis of
inflorescence.

COROLLA.

The BUE is formed of four petals, longer, usually, than the
calyx, with the folioles of which they alternate.

This verticil is almost always regular.|| Some Cruciferæ, how-

.* Sépales distémones ou placentaires. DC,

+ Einige Bemerk. ueber Blum. der Fumar. und Crucif. in Flor. od, Bot, Zeit. — —

1846, No. 8 et 9.
+ Revue Bot. 1846, vol. i. p. 208.

i The structure of the flower in Cruciferæ is so regular that it has been generally a

remarked by all observers.— DC. Mém. sur les Crueif?res, 1821, p. 7.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. 3

ever, whose inflorescence is corymbiform (Iberis umbellata, L.), have
their two exterior petals enlarged like those of several Umbelliferæ.
The same cause, that is to say, the compression proceeding from
the axis, in both cases has effected this. It is likewise a remarkable
fact, and not before noticed, that the foliole of the calyx which
alternates with these two petals, and which is, therefore, itself
likewise the furthest removed from the axis, is also constantly
longer than the others. This may be easily seen in the flowers
of Iberis umbellata, and T. pinnata.

ANDRŒCEUM.

The andrϾceum consists generally of six stamens, four long and
two short (Zetradynamia). The long stamens are inserted side
by side, and a little higher than the single ones. The stamens
alternate exactly with the petals, but in this alternation, the twin
stamens, if we may so term them, are so disposed, that each pur
fills the space which one only of these organs ought to occupy.*

The illustrious De Candolle at once perceived that the hexan-
drous disposition of the androeceum was not contrary to the sym-
metrical arrangement of the flower, since a stamen, or a pair of
stamens was m opposed to each foliole of the calyx, and that
consequently the andræceum and the corolla alternated in reality
with each other. Unfortunately the plan which accompanies his

Memoir is not rigorously exact.t Each of the double stamens is _ i

opposed in part to a petal, and they are separated from each other. -
This is, doubtless, an error of the artist, for the author says, posi- :

e tively, page 19, and again, page 20, that these stamens are £rós-

rapprochées.
M. Lestiboudois, and M. Kunth 2 in their memoirs on the

Cruciferæ, have given as their opinions, that instead of being
geminate and simultaneously alternate with the petals, the longer |

* This is well shown in the beautiful drawing ot Raphawes viida "eder =
de chaque fam., Crucif. f. 1. 4:
T Mém. sur les Crue, 1821, pl. I., fig. 6.
_ € Obs. phytol. sur P inser. des étam. des Crucif. 1826, p. 6.
T Zwei bot. Abhandl. HAE t x f.3.
8 a:

4 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

stamens were distant from each other, and opposed to the elements
of the corolla.

This hypothesis has again been brought forward by our friend
M. Gay, in his interesting Memoir on the construction of the
flower in the Fumariaceze.*

Dr. Lindley states, like ourselves, that ¢wo stamens stand opposite .
each of the anterior and posterior sepals, and one opposite each of
the lateral sepals ;+ but, having imbibed the same opinion as the
three botanists above named, in the accompanying diagrami he
has figured the double stamens too much apart: they should, in
reality, touch each other. — .

The structure of the andreceum of some of the species of
Gynandropsis will aid us in explaining that of the Cruciferae. The
great affinity that exists between them and the Capparideæ is well
known. In the Gynandropsis the extremely developed receptacle
is elongated into a sort of foot-stalk (gynophorwm), terminated by
the ovarium, and bears the andrceceum upon a swollen portion at
its base. The stamens on falling, leave on this portion of the
foot-stalk small scars, more or less visible, whose relative position
it is generally easy to determine. M. A. de St. Hilaire, and one
of us, have remarked that in several species two of these scars were
isolated ; whilst the four others, placed higher, were associated two
and two, and that the two pairs alternated with the single sta-
mens. Comparing the respective positions of the Andreceum and
the Corolla, they found that the single stamens alternated with
two petals, and each pair of geminate stamens with two others.

This arrangement is identical with that of the Cruciferæ.

Several modern botanists have sought to explain, whence it
happens that the andræceum of the Cruciferæ has deviated in this
manner from the type of the calyx and corolla.

M. A. de St. Hilaire observed at Orleans, and M. Delile in
the Paris garden, plants of Cardamine hirsuta, L., in which the

flowers were tetrandrous and ternate : other botanists, when this

* Ann, sc. nat. 2, sér. vol. xviii. 1842, p. 218.
T Veg. Kingd. 1847, p. 351.
t lbid. p. 352.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. 5

curious monstrosity became known, inquired whether such might
not be the real primitive type of the order, and whether in the
usual state of these plants there might not exist a constant abor-
tion of the whole of the two lateral flowers, excepting one stamen.
This explanation is inadmissible, if not absurd, and has been suc-
cessfully combated by M. Lestiboudois. In the Teratology of
our own species, it might as safely be asserted, when a six-fingered
child is produced, that three embryonary ova had met together,
and that two of the foetuses, save one finger of each, had disappeared
by abortion.

De Candolle, himself, has shown in his Memoir on Cruciferæ,
that each pair of geminate stamens has really only the value of a
single organ, and consequently that the andrœceum in Cruciferæ
may, like the corolla and calyx, be reduced to the quaternary type.

The filaments in this order are usually thin, and widened by
compression, like ribands: those of the longer stamens occupy,
therefore, much more space than a regular alternation requires.
Their bases extend right and left, at times so far as even to place
themselves in front of the margins of the petals. It is this, pro-
bably, which led several botanists, (as we have seen,) to imagine
that the longer stamens were opposed to the elements: of the
corolla. If, however, we consider the two to be in reality but

one, we shall find that their point of separation, which represents — :

the middle of the primitive organ, is opposite to no part of the
corolla, but invariably alternate with it. This is still more appa-
rent in the flowers of Sterigma tomentosum, and Anchonium Bil-
— lardieri, in which these stamens remain undivided below, and
the common filament is in strict alternation with the petals.

. One of us, long since, adopted this opinion, in his Essay on the

m reduplieation of Organs,* a work in which he called the attention

of botanists to the numerical increase of organs, and showed its

importance in organography, teratology, and taxonomy. 2t
De Candolle had clearly indicated this phenomenon in his -

Memoir cited above, since he compares the double stamens to the

_ * Essai sur les dédoublements, Montpel. 1826. in 4to.—Elem. de Térat. végét.
a 1841, p. 337.

6 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

petals of those plants which, when cultivated, have a tendence to
‘fasciculation, adding chacune d'elles se dédouble pour en former
deux.* Tt is probable, however, that the celebrated professor of
Geneva considered this a merely organic multiplication, since in the
lines which immediately follow, speaking of several plants where
this “dédoublement” has taken place only in a portion of the
stamen, he looks upon it as the result of two stamens plus ou
moins soudées ensemble inférieurement.

This theory of the dédoublement of the two longer stamens in
this group is confirmed by numerous facts, both normal and
anomalous. 1. In many Cruciferae and more particularly in the
Clypeola cyelodontea, Del. the filaments of the solitary stamen are
furnished with two teeth, one on each side, whilst those of the
double stamens have but one on their outer side; if we join these
two stamens together so that they form but one, a bidentate
filament will result entirely similar to those of the solitary stamens.+

2. In other Cruciferee a longer or shorter portion of the
filament remains simple. Thus, in the Szerigma tomentosum, D.C.,1
the division takes place as far as the middle; in the Anchoninm
Billardieri, D.C.,|| in a third part only of the upper portion of
the filament. Here the position of the longer stamens, double
only in their upper portion, is exactly the same as that of the
solitary stamens.
~ 8. In the Vella pseudocytisus Liun., we find in the place of

the double stamens, a single one: its filament being frequently
rather broader, sometimes divided only at its summit, sometimes
entirely undivided, but bearing in that case an anther, wholly, or
partially geminate.
= 4. Many Cruciferæ become tetrandrous by pelorization, others

are normally so.$ In either case the four stamens are then equal.

* Mém. sur les Crucif. 1821.

T See the note at the end of M. Delile's memoir on the C. cyclodontea (Bull. de
la Soc. d'agr. de l Hérault). See likewise C. A. Mong. Das Alyss. minutum, tab. 1,
YT (A. minutum,) tab. 2 E (A. Snyrneum,) tab. 2, 1 F (4. minimum) and 3 E
(A. fulvescens.)

t Mém. Crucif. tab. 1, fig. 25. l| Ibid . tab. 1, fig. 26.

4 M. Delile has remarked that the Draba muralis Lin. in its w state shout =

_ Montpellier has constantly only four stamens.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. T

5. Finally, certain Cruciferæ, instead of returning to the quater-
nary type, recede from it. Their single stamens undergo a change
analogous or very similar to that of the double pair. One of us
has observed flowers of Matthiola incana, in which the single
stamens were cleft throughout their entire length, each portion
being provided with half an anther and half a filament.* M.
Lestiboudois speaks of a Cheiranthus Cheiri in which these
stamens were completely geminated, not laterally as the longer pair,
but from without inwards.t M. Seringe met with a flower of the
same species (var. grandiflora) which had the lower stamens
* dédoublées exactement comme les supérieures."

It has been objected to this theory, as applied to the andreeceum
of the Cruciferæ, that if the double stamens owed their origin to
this kind of gemination or multiplication, they ought to have each
a single, and not a double anther.

This objection is easily refuted. There are two kinds of multi-
plication or dédoublement. Tn the first the organ separates itself
into two or several parts, the half, the third, or the quarter of the
original: in the second this same division takes place, but accom-
panied with the reproduction of new parts, so that the original
organ is represented by several organs which more or less resemble
it. The first is a commencement of multiplication, the second is
what is properly called mztiplication.|| Thus in the family of the
Polygaleæ we find the Krameria provided with four bilocular an-
thers, having a terminal dehiscence ;§ whilst the true Polygalas ——
have eight stamens with unilocular anthers opening likewise at
their summit: these eight half stamens are arranged two and two -
together, and each pair evidently occupies the place of one of the

. bilocular stamens of Krameria.§ In this case the organ is cleft — :

longitudinally, but the multiplication is imperfect. If, however,

. we examine the genus Phytolacca or Hypericum ; in both we ©

meet with fascicles or phalanzes of stamens in the pu where one -
* Elém. de Térat. Vég. p. 297.
+ Sur P insert des étamines des Crucifères, p. 6.
t Bull. bot. 1830, p. 112. | Elém. de Terat. végét. p. 388.
.. § The fifth stamen is represented by a gland.
ie 4 Teil ies rebel a ene.

8 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

only ought to be found. All these stamens have bilocular anthers,
the same as the single ones of the neighbouring genera where no
multiplication takes place. —

In the Cruciferæ the multiplication is of the simplest kind; the
single organ is not represented by a group or adelphia, but is
simply geminated, and this in the half only of the andreeceum. — .

Another difficulty has been alleged against this explanation ; it
is said that the geminated stamens should be less than the single.
Those who bring forward this objection forget that the multiplica-
tion of organs is always caused by excess of nutriment; and this
excess of nutriment is as capable of augmenting the volume of an
organ as of multiplying it.* It is well known that in double
flowers, in which this multiplication is so frequently repeated and
so evident, the organs themselves are at the same time equally as
much increased in volume.T

A third objection to which we must reply has been advanced.
The stamens it is said are inserted in the receptacle at different

a heights. We may remark, firstly, that if these organs belong to
~~ two distinct verticils, as has been hence inferred,t the upper series
ought to be opposed to two or four petals. We have seen above,
on the contrary, that as well as the single stamens they alternate
with them and complete thus a normal quaternary alternation. No
-botanist has ever imagined that the Crucifere were provided with
... 8 double calyx, though the leaflets are usually so disposed that two
are situated a little below the others. We shall see hereafter that
. the same cause which displaced the single stamens has also occa-
-sioned this depression. :
The leaflets of the calyx in Polygaleæ are placed likewise at

different heights, || but on account of the regular alternating of these
* Elém. de Terat. végét. p. 341.

| See Lestib. sur Pinsert. des étam. des Crucif. 1826, p. 5. Kuntz zwei Abh.

. 14883. Lindl. Nat. Syst. 1836, p. 58, and Veg. Kingd. 1847, p. 351, Gy, Ann.
. $c. nat. ième. sér. vol. xviii., 1842, p. 218.

p. 360 and 19.
I St. Hil. and Moq. sur les die Mém. du Mus. vol. xvii., 1828, P- 323 and s

f In all monstrous cruciferous flowers, which we have seen, where there were étre 2 E
series of stamens, the supplementary rank was produced by the multiplication or — :
transformation either of the stamens, pistils, or petals. See Elém. de Térat. ree a 3

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. 9

organs with the elements of the corolla they have always been
looked upon as constituting a single calyx.* This is exactly the
case in the andreeceum of the Cruciferæ. We shall see too
shortly whence this inequality of height proceeds. It is sufficient
for our present purpose to say that in numerous cases it is almost
. null, and in others it does not exist at all, particularly in the
species that are normally or accidentally tetrandrous.

It would appear that the remarks of M. Krause on the em-
bryogeny of this familyt are at variance with the explanation
given above. According to this observer, the four geminate
stamens first appear in the bud under the form of four little
papille placed before the petals. The researches of M. Duchartre
seem to confirm this observation.

We have ourselves opened several young buds of Sinapidendron
Bourgeaei, and in this species at least we find that the excrescences
which are to form the petals, are placed by no means opposite the
middle of the young filaments, which would constitute a real oppo-
sition, but obliquely and opposite their margin. The younger the
buds we opened, the nearer was the approach, not to a real oppo- -
sition, but on the contrary to an alternation. Moreover, we had
the good fortune to meet with a bud in which the andreceum had
returned to the quaternary type. In this case the alternation was -
complete, and as if to confirm our opinion of the reality of this
alternation when the stamens are double, there was a slight cleft — .
in the middle of one of the nascent filaments, indicative of the ae
gemination which usually takes place. 2

THE DISK AND GLANDS.

The receptacle of the Cruciferæ is enlarged more or less in dif- —
ferent species, and forms a sort of glanduliferous disk, (Zpipode, —
Richard,) usually of a deep green, of a fleshy consistence, and.
often very apparent. 2
| The glands, exserted upon this disk, have either been not

o In the genus Krameria the folioles of the calyx eur. =
f Einige Bemerk. neber Bie der Fumar. d Crucif. Flora od bot. Zeit. 4

10 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

or little understood by the greater number of botanists. Let us
consider what probably may be their use and origin.

We may lay it down as a general rule that there can exist but
two sorts of glandular bodies in the flower. Glands result either
from the abortion or atrophy of certain organs, or they are swe
generis. These latter form an integral part of the verticillate
organs of the flower, or else they are dilatations of the receptacle
appertaining more or less to the insertion of the stamens.

For example, the three glandular processes of several Hyperica,
(Triadenia, Spach) manifestly occupy the place of staminal organs
greatly modified through want of nourishment.

On the other hand the filaments in Lawrus nobilis by no means
represent abortive organs.* The same may be said of the dorsal
protuberances of the calycine leaves of the Malpighia, and of the
nectariferous swellings in the flowers of various Litiacea.t This
rule being established, let us see to which of these classes the
glandular bodies of the Cruciferæ belong.

These organs are two, four, six or eight, in number.

In the Cheiranthus Cherri we find only two glandst, correctly
described by M. Lestiboudois.|| These glands form two excres-
cences, from the middle of which the two solitary stamens rise.
They have the appearance of fleshy rings somewhat irregular above
where they are slightly quadridentate. These excrescences cannot
be considered abortive organs, for if they represented stamens
_ placed either above or below, they would be opposed to the solitary
_ stamens. Nor can we suppose them to form an integral part of

. the stamens whose filaments they embrace, for the stamen is arti-
culated with them. We are obliged therefore necessarily to

consider them as glandular processes destined to support the male
organ of the flower.

* These glands frequently become stamens, and in that case three stamens are
found in the place where there should be but one. (Mog. Ess. sur les déd.)

+ See likewise the double glands placed at the base of the three exterior folioles of
the Polygala ozyphylla, D.C. — Defess. Ic. select. 8, vol. 17, fig. 3. i

t Phyt. Can. sect. 1 vol. 8, A 2, fig. 6
|| Sur Pinsert. des étam. des Crueif. p. x

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS, 11

In the Matthiola incana* the annular ring in question has two
slight lobes above, and is more developed on that side than below:
the gland forces down the stamen, and with it the foliole of the
ealyx which is beneath (De Candolle). This then is the true cause
to which we alluded of the depression of the single stamen and of
the lateral leaflets of the calyx.

A similar organization is met with more or less in the greater
part of the Cruciferæ. When quite young the glandular ring of
Matthiola incana is equally developed both above and below, as is
apparent in the excellent figure of Professor Kunth : t it is only in
a more advanced age that the inequality takes place.

In the Diplotaxis muralis the ring is interrupted and reduced
to a large single gland scarcely lobed, and placed above the inser-
tion of the filament.f Even this modification is sufficient to
determine a change in the position of the stamen. `

In the Aubrietia deltoidea, the glandular ring is likewise inter-
rupted but inversely. The gland is shaped like a horse-shoe, the
hollow side of which is turned upwards.| It is remarkable that
in this plant the inequality of insertion is little perceptible.

In Koniga or Octadenia, instead of a glandular ring we find
two glands placed on either side of the filament. These glands
have very little influence on the insertion of the simple stamens,
which is nearly on the same level with that of the double.
- It will be easily seen that such glands as these, sometimes _
annular, sometimes above, sometimes below the stamen, can — -
represent no particular organ. Even if we admitted a triple —
andrϾceum as possible in this family, it would not explain such an ui x

. Organization, ie :
We now come to the double stamens. These are never im- _

* See also Cheiranthus (Dichroanthus) mutabilis. Phyt. Can. sect. 1, vol. 8, tab. 1, me a
Jig. 3. d
T M. Lestiboudois speaks of this position of the gland in this plant, and in the — —

Brassica campestris, and he rightly considers it the commonest. See too Raphanus
sativus. Plée, Types des fam. Crucif. fig. 1. or
+ In some species the gland is enlarged downwards, and fills the hollow at the hase
of the foliole (Lestiboudois). In this case the foliole has frequently a protraction at
= its base shaped like a spur. (De Candolle) — —
i De Candolle, Phyt. Can. tab. 1, fig. 3. ——

12 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

planted on a gland (Lestidoudois.) They are often not even
accompanied by a gland at their base; an absence easily ac-
counted for by the gemination itself of the stamens. At the
same time that excess of nutrition has acted upon these organs, the
receptacle on which they are placed has been operated upon in-
versely, and its development stopped. There are, however, some
examples where multiplication of organs takes place without the
absorption or disappearance of glands. In a flower of Cheiranthus
Cheiri which had become octandrous, observed by M. Seringe,*
of which we have already spoken, though the inferior stamens
were geminated, the glands that subtended them were of their
usual size.

In Diplotaris muralis, immediately below the double stamens,
there is a small narrow gland which may be considered as the rudi-
ment of the glandular ring. A similar gland occurs in the Brassica,
and Sisymbria (Lestiboudois.)+ In Koniga there are two, perfectly
distinct, placed side by side. This is a still nearer approach to the
glandular ring.

It is remarkable that in Matthiola and Cheiranthus, where there
is no trace of glands, the double stamens are considerably longer
than the others: in Diplotawis they are but little longer, and in
Koniga all are nearly equal in length.

In the Draba muralis where no gemination has taken place, and
where the glands, almost equal, form a sort of circular disk, the
stamens are equal in height and form a regular verticil.

GYN(GCEUM.

-~ To explain the nature of the fruit in Cruciferæ, De Candolle
imagined the siliquelle or carpidium “à trois pièces, deux latérales
portant des ovules sur leur disque intérieur; et une extérieure ne
portant point d'ovules." 1
The fruit of Crucifer he supposed to be made up of two
of these siliquelles united together. This curious but very inad-
* Bull. bot. 1880, p. 113. ES

T Plée. Types des fam. Crucif.
+ Théorie élem. ième éd. p. 133.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. 13

missible theory explained perfectly the apparent opposition of the
stigmata to the placente.

Mr. Brown, in 1817, in his celebrated Essay on the Composite,
comparing the fruit of that order with those of Cruciferæ, considers
these latter to be made up of two united carpidia ; but he does not
allude to the position of their placentz with regard to the stigmata,
the great stumbling-block in this Order. De Candolle, in his
Systema* and in his Prodromus,t adopted the same formulary,
and with the same reserve.

M. Lestiboudois, in his Memoir,t combats the opinion of De
Candolle, given in his Théorie Elémentaire. Although we consider
his system as to compound fruits to be altogether erroneous, never-
theless he has perfectly explained the nature and origin of the dis-
sepiment. “ Les prolongements intérieurs," he says, “ne sont que
des saillies du bord trophospermique.” ||

Mr. Brown shortly afterwards expressed the same opinion: “The
dissepiment in this family is nevertheless formed of two lamellæ,
derived from the parietes of the fruit.” §

— The examination of the structure of the fruit in Escholtzia Cati-
fornica induced Dr. Lindley to create an entirely new theory to
explain the position of the stigmata and placentæ in Cruciferze. J
He imagines that the intervals which separate the two placentæ

form each an ovarian leaf, reduced to its smallest dimensions and — -
surmounted by its stigma ; whereas the two greater valves represent _ 2
two other ovarian leaves exceedingly developed, whose stigmata and — .

placentæ are abortive. This very ingenious theory, which, though —
not true, presents a most seductive appearance of reality, has been
generally accepted.
Professor Kunth** admitted, and illustrated it with figures, alde
ing a peculiar opinion of his own as to the nature of the dup n

* Fol. ii., p. 140.

T Vol. i. p. 131.

$ Sur les fruits siliq. p. 5.

IL p. 15.

§ App. Oudn. 1826, p. 12. |

{ Bot. Reg. vol. xiv., 1828, fol. 1168.
BEL. PME ocu 1833, p. 7.

14 ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

ment. This opinion by no means agrees with the observations on
Embryogeny, published by M. Trécul.*

Having explained the opinions of those who have gone before
us on the female organ, we shall proceed to develop our own.

The ovarian leaf ( pág/Zidiwm Phyt. Can.) and its result, the
earpidium, in the Cruciferous Order, differ really in appearance only
from that of other polycarpidian plants. Both reasoning and ana-
logy have brought us to this conclusion; and its truth is fully
confirmed by several monstrous flowers, published by different
authors.

As in other Phyllidia, the ovuliferous nerves or placenta: are car-
ried along the border of the leaf, and are modifications in fact of its
lateral nerves. At their summit they form a dicephalous stigma,
whose two heads are separated by the depression resulting from the
non-development of the middle nerve of the leaf. The two or more
Phyllidia which compose the ovarium are exactly united by means
of their placentæ together with their stigmata; and the apparent
stigma derived from their union is divided by the common canal
result of the depressions of both ovarian leaves confounded to-
gether. The lateral lobes of each opposite phyllidium being thus
brought together and forming an apparent whole, botanists sup-
posed they had before them two stigmata in this order opposed to
the placentæ, which was contrary to all analogy.

When the fruit is ripe, the placente and stigmata of the two
united carpidia persist attached together, as well as the double
spurious dissepiment,t which they have projected to the middle of
the fruit, or in those called /enestrati to within a short distance of
the axis, whilst the laminz of the leaves, transformed into valves,
fall off.f A similar dehiscence is seen in the Papaveraceæ and
several of the Capparidee.

* Ann. des Sc. Nat. 2ième Sér. vol. 20, 1843, p. 339. 3

T M. Trécul has shown that the dissepiment, originally simple, becomes double by es
the rupture lengthwise of the lax and elongated tissue of the interior cells. Eus

+ In the Parolinia ornata, described by one of us, the summit of the carpidia - ED
is protruded in the form of two narrow horns almost parallel, bifurcated at their

extremity, much longer than the styles, but so like styles, that Dr. Lindley, in his ela-
-borate work (Veg. Kingd. p. 352) has mistaken them for these. Thay es

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. 15

In the genus Zétracellion, Turczan. where the capsule has as-
sumed the normal tetramerous type, the fruit is nearly that of a
poppy, the chief difference consisting in the spurious dissepiments
which in this curious genus do not reach the axis. The dehiscence
of Tetracellion is precisely the same as that of the Argemone Mezi-
cana. The stigma is depressed in the middle, and it is not diffi-
cult to detach the ovarian leaves, so that each is surmounted by the
portion of the collective stigma which belongs to it.* Another
analogy fully confirms our opinion. On examining the gynœceum
of Eschoetzia Californica, which has four stigmata, we find that
each pair surmounts an ovarian leaf; if we imagine each separate
stigma of each pair to be united with its neighbour of the opposite
pair, we obtain the two spurious stigmata of the greater part of
Cruciferae.

If we call Teratology to our aid, we shall find that in all cases,
where through monstrosity the pistil becomes foliaceous, the ovules
are placed at the margin of the leaf; and, if the stigma is formed,
it is dicephalous and placed at the summit.t

The normal fruit of the Cruciferæ is therefore composed of four
carpidia disposed crossways: the placentæ and the stigmata of each
are united, and they are divided from each other more or less by
spurious dissepiments : each of them opens when ripe by a valve
which separates itself marginally and longitudinally from the pla-
centæ, which, together with the dissepiment and surmounted by

the stigma, persist in the greater number of species: two of the — E

carpidia are constantly abortive.

longations of the valves whereof they form part, and with which they fall off when
the fruit is ripe, leaving the true stigmata attached to the placenta.

* One of us has found flowers of Iberis with 4 folioles to. the calyx, 4 petals, 4
stamens, and 3 or 4 carpels, forming a real pelorium. Professors Seringe and Alph.
de Candolle have met with 4 carpels, the first in Diplotaxis. tenuifolia, the second in
detenti and. Cheiranthus Cheiri.— Monstr. Vég. p. 13 and 14,t.5. fig. 8.

T See foc de Antholyz. t. 4, fig. 4, 5, 16, m usi in Linnea,
vol. p. 599 t. 9.—Alph. D. C. Monstr. Vég. t. 5,f.8. |

16 . ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS.

CONCLUSION.

If we recapitulate what has preceded, we shall arrive at the fol-
lowing conclusion.

The floral type of Cruciferæ is quaternary. The ca/yx is com-
posed of 4 leaflets, the corolla of 4 petals, the receptacle has 4
staminiferous glands, the andræceum 4 stamens, the gynwceum 4

pistils, and the fruit 4 carpidia.
. These verticils alternate regularly. Two stamens in the habitual
state of the flower have been transformed into two pair by multi-
plication (dédoublement), and two pistils have disappeared by abor-
tion : hence the andreceum has two component parts more than it
should have ; the gynceceum two less.

'The four staminiferous glands are more or less irregular or in-
complete, and are found above, below, or by the side of the fila-
ments. "Their volume has caused a change in the position of two
stamens and of two calycinal leaves, which makes the andreeceum
and the calyx appear biverticillate.*

* Since the above was written and prepared for the press, our attention has been
called to a note of Mr. Brown, appended to his observations on Loronia acuminata
Pl. Jav. 2, p. 106, in which he shows that each carpidium in a compound and unilo-
cular ovarium has necessarily two stigmata (we have called this a bicephalous stigma,)
and that the lobes, or as he has named them, stigmata of the same carpidium are
usually confluent.

“This rule,” he adds, “ admits of exceptions, as in Parnassia, in many Crucifere,
. and in Papaveracee : in all vire cases the stigmata as well as placentæ of the ad-

joining carpels are confluent."

From this passage we are persuaded that Mr. Brown is of the same opinion with our-
selves, and had the occasion allowed him to develop his ideas on the phyllidium or
ovarian leaf of this order, they would have been found not very different from those we
have attempted to explain above. "The portion, however, of our Memoir which treats of
the gynæceum is not the less necessary ; for others have not interpreted the ideas of
this profound observer in the same manner.

Mr. Griffith (Trans. of Linn. Soc. vol. xix., 1845, p. 328) after citing the abiti
passage, seems to suppose that in some genera at least the normal fruit of Cruciferz

is composed of four carpidia, two anterior and posterior “subsequently much the — s
smallest," whose stigmata are confluent, forming therefore what we have termed the —

apparent stigma, and two lateral, distinct themselves as to their valves, but having
their stigmata confluent with, and lost in, the apparent stigmata. *
————— —— — Ht appears

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. PE

Contributions to the Botany of Sourn America; by Joux Miers,
Ese., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.; continued from Vol. v. p. 190.

SCLEROPHYLAX.

The plant upon which this genus is proposed to be established,
was found by me during my rapid journeys across the Pampas,
from Mendoza to Buenos Ayres, in 1825 and 1826, but I could
not examine its details until 1827, when I was first able to observe
the results of the present analysis. It is of a prostrate, succulent
habit, resembling much that of a Tetragonia, more especially as
the drupaceous covering of the seed becomes ligneous and spi-
nescent, owing to the enlargement and tumescence of the calyx,
which finally encloses the capsule. My attention having again
lately been directed to this anomalous plant by Sir William
Hooker, at the suggestion of Prof. Arnott, who had noticed it in
the collection of Doctor Gillies, I was induced to examine the
specimens existing in the Herbarium of the former distinguished
botanist, which I found to constitute two other species, distinct
from that of my own collection. These plants are certainly very
curious in their structure, and cannot be referred to any known
natural order. Their leaves are geminate, as in the Nolanacea,
and they resemble in their fleshy and prostrate habit, many of the —
plants of that family, with which also the structure of their flowers —
corresponds, although these are very small and inconspicuous, |
-~ approaching in size and form to those of Petunia parviflora, which —
= T hawe described in Illustr. So. Am. Pl. p. 111. plate 24; for the —

us, if we rightly understand it, a modification of that of the celebrated professor, which —
~ we have already explained, and which supposes that the stigmata of the lateral ear-

pidia have avorted. ;
= Dr. Lindley, likewise, in his Nat. Syst. p.58, after recording this opinion bod i

in the Bot. Reg. adds these words: “ or each of the two lobes of the stigma is com- —
posed of two half lobes belonging to different carpels ;" to this phrase copied into hiş

18 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

tubular corolla is, in like manner, ventricose on one side, with a
somewhat five-lobed, companulate and slightly bilabiate border,
and it offers quite the induplicato-valvate æstivation of the Nola-
naceæ and Solanaceae. The calyx has a very short, fleshy tube
with five unequal, erect segments, two of them being reduced to
the size of small teeth, while the other three are more or less half
the length of the corolla; in two species these are foliaceous and
singularly veined, in the other they are subulate and fleshy; the
tube of the calyx enlarges and becomes intumescent and bony, as
the fruit advances to maturity; and in the last mentioned instance
the calycine lobes in like manner are at length converted into
spines. The structure of the seed, however, is quite at variance
with that of the Nolanacee, approaching nearer that of the Myo-
poraceæ or Ehreliacee, for the drupaceous calyx encloses an in-
dehiscent, 2-celled carcerule, with a single seed suspended from
the summit of each cell, the almost straight and inverted embryo
being nearly the length of its fleshy albumen, and having a small
superior radicle with two oblong, compressed cotyledons. I have
called the genus SCLEROPHYLAX, from expos, durus and $vXa£, car-
cer, because of the manner in which the seed-vessel becomes incar-
cerated by the singular enlargement and bony intumescence of the
calyx. The following generic character will explain its structure.
SCLEROPHYLAX. (gen. nov.)—Ca/yz 5-partitus, tubo 5-gono
brevissimo, laciniis 2 vel 3, elongatis, triquetris, subulatis, aut
interdum expansis, foliaceis, subcarnosis, alteris brevibus, fructifer
auctus. Corolla hypogyna, gamopetala, tubo infundibuliformi,
sub faucem contractam superne ventricoso, limbo brevi, 5-plicato,
subcampanulato, sub-bilabiato, labio superiore 3-lobato, inferiore
2-lobato, lobis omnibus æqualibus, brevibus, obtusis, æstivatione
induplicato-valvatis. Stamina 5, tubo corollæ inserta, inclusa:
filamenta imæqualia, gracilia, paulo dilatata, uno breviore, alteris
subæqualibus, apice incurvato-declinatis : anthere 2-loculares,
ovate, basi cordate, in sinu affixæ, connectivo nullo, rima longi-
tudinali extus dehiscentes. Pollen ovatum, longitudinaliter
9.suleatum. Ovarium superum ovatum, conicum, 2-loculare:
ovula in loculis solitaria, apici appensa, anatropa. Stylus fili-

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 19

formis, longitudine staminum, apice inflexus. Stigma sublaterale
subliguliformi-capitatum. Fructus e calyce incrassato et demum
indurato nucumentaceus, lignosus, turbinatus, 5-gonus, vertice
depresso, et stylo perforato, angulis inæqualiter elongatis, spinis-
que 2-3 longis interdum terminatis. Carceru/a omnino inclusa,
libera, chartacea, indehiscens, 2-locularis, loculis. monospermis
(uno antico, altero postico). Semen inversum, obovatum, ex
apice pendulum : ¢esta tenuis, chalaza apicali rapheque longi-
tudinali sublaterali notata : embryo in axi albuminis carnosi paulo
incurvatus, cotyledonibus oblongis, compressis, crassiusculis, radi-
cula brevi tereti supera, 2-plo latioribus, et 3-plo longioribus. Her-
bæ prostrate, Americe intertropice indigene ; caulibus plurimis,
angulatis, flexuosis, divaricatim ramosis : foliis geminatis, spathu-
lato-oblongis, cum petiolo continuis; floribus axillaribus binis,
[1 precociore], insertione petiolorum fere sessilibus, ebracteatis ;
fructibus deflexis, plerumque ad axillas deformatim concretis, nodos
tumescentes et spinescentes formantibus.

l. Sclerophylax spinescens : prostrata, caulibus humifusis, dif-
fusis, nodis spinescentibus : foliis geminatis spathulato-oblongis,
subcarnosulis, glaberrimis, eveniis, margine tenui integris ; flori-
bus folio florifero brevioribus, omnino glabris, calycis lobis tri-
quetro-subulatis, carnosulis, angulis membranaceis demum spi-
nescentibus.—Arroyuelo de San Josè, Prov. Cordovæ, in uligi-
nosis salitrosis. v. v.

This species was found by me in the locality above quoted,

growing abundantly on the margin of saline swamps, and is pro- - P ?
bably diffused over the Pampas in similar situations, as I findin

Sir William Hooker’s Herbarium, specimens collected by Tweedie,
from the neighbourhood of Buenos Ayres. The branches, dicho-
tomously ramifying at each axil, spread out to the length of about

eighteen inches ; the stems are angular and herbaceous ; the leaves,

including the des are about the length of the internodes, one
and a quarter, to one and a half, sometimes two inches; they are —
oblong, scarcely acute at the apex, tapering towards the base into ——
a petiole of the length of the blade, which is three lines broad ;
se "" are pomala fleshy, the main a. mehin, as well as a yey, fon, S.

20) SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

nerves, are remarkably tortuous, and are quite veinless, or, at
least, the veins are so deeply immersed as not to be visible. The
leaves of the younger axils, at the period of flowering, are scarcely _
longer than six lines, and the flowers do not exceed three lines in
length. The fruit, which is rarely free, is quite turbinate, with a
thin fleshy pericarp, investing a hard bony nut of similar form, four
lines long, depressed and disciform at the summit, the angles
being terminated by sharp spines, of which three are erect, and
nearly as long as the body of the fruit: this encloses a small oval
carcerule, or indehiscent, two-celled, chartaceous capsule; the
single suspended seed which fills each cell, is two lines long, and
is very slightly incurved, tapering to the summit. The most
remarkable anomaly attached to this plant, is the spiny intumes-
cence of the axils : this is nearly a constant character, and is only
wanting in the few instances where the short peduncle of the
flowers and fruit remain perfect and free; in most cases, owing
probably to the operation of insects, the two nuts formed at each
node, become deformed and absorbed into the axil, which, in con-
sequence, swells, and forms a many-spined, salient, knotty, and
prickly joint. On opening these, I have always found the grub
of an insect, which has generally destroyed one of the seeds. This
character is not singular, for Chamisso and Schlechtendahl de-
scribe a plant from Mexico (Gongylocarpus rubricaulis, Linn.
5.558), belonging to the Ozagracez, where the drupaceous fruit
in like manner, and probably from a similar cause, becomes con-
crete with each axil, which hence assumes a swollen and deformed
appearance.* Bec
2. Sclerophylax Arnoffii : nana, prostrata, ramulis paucis
brevibus: foliis spathulatis, sub-3-lobatis, lobis lateralibus rotun- _
datis, subdeltoideis, apice obtusiusculis, mucronulatis, fere eveniis,
margine membranaceis, basi in petiolum longum linearem attenu-
atis: flonbus parvis, calycis lobis inæqualiter foliaceis, in fructu.
EA nervis 3 parallelis retrorsum anastomosantibus :

* A figure of this plant, with full generic details, vil be given in the stations xd
Se CUR í :

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 21

notatis, corollæque tubo brevi, ventricoso, imo-coarctato, sca-
brido-pilosis.—San Juan, Prov. Argentin-—v. s. in Herb Hook.
( Gillies.)

This is very similar in habit to the former species, but from
the solitary specimen I have seen, it appears altogether more
diminutive, the branches extending only three or four inches
in length: the leaves, however, are larger in proportion; the
blade is broadest at the base, contracted in the middle, and
terminates in a narrow, obtuse, and mucronulate apex; at base,
it tapers gradually into a narrow linear petiole of equal length,
being altogether one inch long, and three and a half lines broad :
they are thick and fleshy, and without any apparent venation :
the flowers are five or six lines long; the corolla is broader in
proportion, and, as well as the calyx, is covered with short rigid
jointed pubescence: the calycine segments are broad, foliaceous,
oblong, pointed, three of them being half as long as the corolla ;
they are very distinctly veined, with three almost parallel nervures,
connected together by several retrorsely branching veins: the tube
thickens, as in the preceding species, into a hardened nut-like
body, which, in like manner, becomes conglomerated with the
axillary node; it is crowned with its persistent foliaceous lobes,
which, however, do not become spinescent, as in the former
species. The structure of the flower, the stigma, and the seed,
exactly resemble that of S. spinescens, except that the stamens

are in some degree shorter, the anthers scarcely rising above ee B

middle of the tube of the corolla.* p.
3. Sclerophylax Gid/iesii: planta rigidior, prostrata, mem |

crassioribus, angulatis, flexuosis, nodis valde tumidis: folis d

geminatis, spathulato-rhomboideis, nervosis, utrinque glaberrimis,

nitidis, nervis venisque prominentibus, in petiolum brevem latum — E

attenuatis: floribus folio florifero longioribus, calyce 5-gono, tubo
brevissimo, lobis inæqualibus, foliaceis, lineari-lanceolatis, fruc- -
tifero valde aucto: corolle tubo paulo ventricoso, glabro, genitali- -

2 we Agmen cocinero on aerei Pia |
Mae ; e eee oe

22 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

bus duplo longiore, limbo 5-lobo expansiore sub-bilabiato.— Rio
Diamante, Prov. Mendoze Argentin.—v. s. in Herb. Hooker
(Gillies).

This plant is very distinct in its habit from the two former
species, the stem being much thicker, far more flexuose and
angular, with more distant internodes, the petiole and part of the
blade of the leaves, together with the ripening fruit, being often
confluent with the axils, which are much more swollen, the
petioles in such cases becoming confluent with, and their margins
decurrent on, the angles of the stems; the petiole is shorter and
broader than in either of the former species. The leaves, including
the petiole, are nine lines long, and three lines broad; and unlike
the two former species, they are marked with distinct nerves and
veins, which are especially prominent below. The tube of the
calyx is short, but its border is divided into five large, broad,
foliaceous leaflets, which are somewhat unequal in length, two of
them being one-third of the length of the flower. The corolla is
far more slender and infundibuliform than in the two preceding
species, and is altogether seven lines long, the tube being quite -
glabrous, and rather ventricose above ; its border somewhat, bila-
biate, is divided into five equal, short, obtuse lobes. The stamens
are unequal in length, the two longer ones scarcely reaching the
middle of the tube of the corolla, and the fifth shortest is not
declinate at the apex as the four others. The fruit, in every
instance I have seen, becomes enclosed in the tumescent axil ; the
tube of the calyx enlarges, and becomes converted into a hardened
ligneous covering, which is crowned by its persistent foliaceous -
lobes : the seed in its structure differs in no way from that of the
two preceding species.*

_ The plants just described, cannot be referred satisfactorily to
any known natural order. They resemble Nolanacea, Ehretiacee,
— Convolvulacee, and Solanacea, in their tubular corolla, with five
included stamens, and more especially the latter in the indupli-

* A drawing of this species will be shown in the Illustrations of ree à
Plants, plate 26 B. pe

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 23

cated æstivation of its border, but they differ from all these
families, by having a two-celled ovarium, with a solitary ovule
suspended from the summit of each cell, and in having a nearly
straight embryo, with superior radicle. The approach to Nolanacee
is more evident, by their being in like manner prostrate or strag-
gling succulent plants, growing in saline moist places, by their
geminate, spathulate, fleshy leaves, with expanded petioles, one of
which is always inserted laterally a little higher than the other
upon the stem, to the salient angle of which one of their edges
is generally decursively continuous ; they have also a solitary
flower at the origin of each petiole. They differ, however, from
that order, in having a single two-celled pistillum, not distinct
ovaria, for Nolana, and most of its congeners, have always several
distinct gynobasic carpels, generally one-celled, but some of these
are often united without regularity into two or many-celled nuts,
which, in such cases, never present more than a single ovule in
each cell. Grabowskya, which I have referred with some hesita-
tion to Nolanacee, but which probably represents the type of a
distinct suborder, exhibits a similar tendency to form spines at
the axils, and presents also a single pistillum, terminated by a
lengthened style, and two two-celled nuts, each with a solitary
ovule, but here, as in the true Nolanea, the embryo is nearly
annular, with the radicle pointing to the basal hilum. The group
of plants in question appears to differ from Nolanacee, exactly as
the Myoparacee are held distinct from Verbenacee; viz., by
having a somewhat bilabiate corolla, and a superior, instead of an

inferior, radicle. From the Serophulariacee they are distinguished _ 7
by a very different æstivation of their corolla, and more particu- — —

larly by a totally different structure of the ovarium and seed, in
which latter respect they also differ from the So/anacez, notwith-

. Standing that they much resemble this order in the shape and ——

æstivation of the corolla. They certainly approach, in many
respects, to the JMyoporacee, (especially through Disoon and —

Nesogenes with their bi-locular, l-ovulate ovaria), with which —

Order they agree, in their somewhat bilabiate corolla, and in
having suspended ovules and albuminous seeds with a straight

24 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

embryo and superior radicle; but they differ in the æstivation
of the corolla, in possessing five, instead of four stamens, in their
anthers being two-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence, in their
leaves being geminate, not opposite, and in their fleshy herbaceous
habit, not having ligneous erect stems.

To the Silbaceæ they also appear to offer some approach, on
account of their tubular calyx with unequal teeth, their funnel-
shaped corolla with a bilabiate border, having an induplicate
æstivation, and a superior two-celled ovarium, with a single ovule
in each cell: but this is erect, not suspended. They have also a
slender capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, and although it is
two-celled, and monospermons in each cell, the seed is erect, and
the embryo has an inferior, not a superior, radicle. They differ in
many other respects, and are altogether extremely different in habit.

There are many analogous points of structure common to Trapa
and Sclerophylax that should not be lost sight of. In the former,
the calyx, though only half inferior, enlarges in like manner in
fructification, entirely grows over the ovarium, and finally becomes
enlarged and lignescent, the lobes being also converted into spines.
The corolla, although consisting of distinct petals, offers a plicato-
valvate æstivation. The ovarium is two-celled, with a single ovule
suspended in each cell. Here, however, the analogy ceases, for
in Trapa, by the abortion of one of the ovules, the fruit becomes
one-celled, with a single exalbuminous seed, and although the
radicle is superior, the embryo, from the diminutive suppression
of one of its lobes, becomes pseudo-monocotyledonous, added to

which, the habit of the plant is quite distinct, and its alliance

very remote.
| To Tetragonia, as I have before observed, there is certainly much
» apparent resemblance, but it is altogether external, for notwithstand-
ing the similarity of its habit, and the spiny intumescence of its
fruit, there exists no analogy whatever in the structure of the
flower, or of its seed, to that of Sclerophylax. i.
On a former occasion (Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 514,) I have
endeavoured to trace the relationship of the Borraginee to the — —
Convolvulacee, through the intermedium of Nolanaceæ and the — —

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 25

Dichondree, on account of the gynobasic insertion of the carpels,
but the transition is now more distinctly visible and gradual,
through the medium of the Hhretiacee, this new group, and the
Nolanacee.

This affinity of Sclerophylax (having suspended ovules) with
the Nolanacee and Borragineæ, (having gynobasic carpels and
erect ovules,) it must be confessed, does not, at first sight, appear
so evident as will be seen on further enquiry. In this con-
sideration, one feature should be constantly borne in mind, I
mean that of the relative position and mode of attachment of the
ovules: in most cases analogous to the present one, (i. e. where
the radicle of the embryo points towards the hilum,) these may
vary either in having a superior point of suspension, an axile
attachment, or a basic origin,—differences that really amount to
little else than the relative height of the point of adhesion of the
carpels, or that terminal summit of the gynobase, where its
nourishing vessels, proceeding from the torus, penetrate the walls
of the ovaria, and which can always be distinguished from the
fertilizing vessels proceeding from the style. These several con-
ditions have been ably explained by M. Aug. de St. Hilaire, in
his admirable paper on the gynobase (Mem. Mus. 10, p. 131.)
Following up this view of the case, there will not be found so
great an amount of discrepancy in the structure of the seed of č
Sclerophylax, and that of the various genera included in the -
orders above mentioned ; for, in examining the dissepiment of the —
seed of this genus, the gynobasic vessels (as might be expected) -
are seen as a distinct rachis along its central axis, terminating in -
_ the point of suspension of the ovules, and presenting an instance
somewhat analogous to that which St. Hilaire calls an elevated -
gynobase. In No/anacee and Borraginaceæ, where generally there
exists, on the contrary, a very depressed gynobase, it is the style —
that is seen in an analogous position, as a rachis in the central
axis of the carpels, in consequence of the ovaries having an en- —
tirely basic attachment : in these two extreme cases, the embryo -
.. s alike seen in the axis of the albuminous. seed, with the radicle
|. directed to the point of its attachment. Even in the Order Bor-

26 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

raginaceæ, where, in most instances, the gynobasic point of union
of the carpels is generally on the level with the gynophorus itself,
several instances occur, (in Asperugo, for instance,) where the
apical point of the gynobase is mid-way, or near the summit of the
axile line of juncture of the carpels, at which point they are in -
fact pendulous. In other cases again, this point is at the very
summit of the carpels, as in Mattia, Pectocarya, and others of
the tribe Cynoglossee, where the ovaries, at first pendulous, at
length, after development, exhibit their carpels in an absolutely
centrifugal position upon the summit of the gynobasic point of
their attachment.
(To be continued.) p 5 ?

Characters of three new Australian Mosses. By W. Witson, Esq.
(Tas. I.)

1. Phascum Drummondii; caule brevissimo, foliis confertis subro-
tundis concavis nervo subcontinuo, seta longiuscula, capsula
elliptico-oblonga rostellata. (Tas. I. A.)

Has. Swan River, Mr. James Drummond.

In habit very like Anacalypta latifolia (Bryol. Eur.), but some-
what smaller, and the operculum quite indehiscent. Leaves col-
lected into a little oval bulb, roundish, somewhat obovate, rather
_ obtuse, very concave, the nerve ceasing just below the apex. Seta
twice as long as the Capsule, which is of thin texture and very
fragile. Calyptra dimidiate, covering half the capsule. Inflorescence
monoicous, anthers pedicellate, mixed with subclavate paraphyses.
Tas. 1. A. Fig. 1, Plants; nat. size. f. 2, 3, single plants ; mag-

nifed. f. 4-7, leaves. f. 8, apex of leaf. f. 9, anthers and

paraphyses :—all more or less magnified.

9. Splachnum Gunnii ; caule rigidiuseulo crasso, foliis squarrosis 0

carnosis obovatis acutiusculis apice dentatis evanidinerviis, cap- -

sula conica, apophysi valde dilatata peristomii dentibus erecto- ;
incurvis. (Tas. L B.)

TE Has. Tasmania; on dead Tree-Fern, Acheron Bn 1845. n. : dm

Gunn, Esq. n. 1625.

AUSTRALIAN MOSSES. 27

This very curious Moss may, perhaps, form the type of a new
genus. It differs from other species of Splachnum in the peri-
stome, which is not reflexed when dry, and probably in the dioi-
cous inflorescence. The habit of the Moss, apart from the singu-
lar apophysis, is that of Orthodon, with which it agrees, especially
in the structure of the pidum and in its place of growth upon
the trunks of trees.

Tas. 1. B. Fig. 1. Plants; nat. size. f. 2, portion of a plant ;

magnified. f. 3, leaf. f. 4, apex of ditto. f. 5, 6, 7, capsules.

f. 8, teeth of peristome: all more or less magnified.

9. Orthotrichum Zasmanicum; caulibus plus minus confertis,
folis patulis subreeurvis lanceolato-subulatis margine reflexis
siccitate suberectis, seta longiuseula, capsula elliptico-oblonga
siccitate striata, ciliis octo latissimis carinatis integris conniven-
tibus, calyptra pallida nitida pilosiuscula, vaginula pilosa.
(Tas. I. C.)

Has. On the young branches of Hymenanthera angustifolia, at
N. Esk, Launceston, Tasmania, Sept. 1841. R. Gunn, Esq.
n. 1629.

Stems at first growing singly from a dense stratum of radical
fibres of a chocolate-brown colour, at length collected into lax
tufts half an inch or more in height. Leaves yellowish-green, sub-
erect, but scarcely crisped when dry. Capsules greenish when
just ripe, afterwards pale reddish-brown, striated and cylindrical
when dry, and empty of sporules. Opereulum reddish, conical
apiculate, not half the length of the capsule. Seta longer than the
capsule. Calyptra moderately hairy, pale-yellow, and shining.
Teeth of the peristome eight, buff-coloured, recurved when dry ;
cilia as long as the teeth, and nearly as broad, carinate, entire,
whitish.— Monoicous. :

In the large cilia this Moss is nearly allied to O. elongatum,
Tayl., from which it differs in the leaves and calyptra. In the
length of the seta it approaches to the Bridelian genus Ulota.
Tas. I. C. Fig. 1, Plant; nat. size. f. 2, upper portion of plant,

with old fruit. f. 3, 4, 5, leaves. f. 6, apex of ditto. f. 7, cap-

sule, seta, &e. f. 8, capsule. f. 9, calyptra. f. 10, peristomt

f. 11, portion of ditto : all more or less magnifed. ———

28

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Screntiric Misston to THIBEt.

In a Glasgow Paper of the autumn of last year the following
information was given, under an article headed “ Political Mission
to Thibet—Scientific Investigations.” —From the Delhi Gazette. “A
correspondent of the Sfar writes in reference to the arrangements
for the Thibet Mission, that it will, in the first place, settle the
boundary of Ghoolab Singh’s territories in that direction ; although
there is some mystery made about its aims being purely commercial
and unconnected with politics. After this is completed, the
members push directly northward into Yarkund, and winter at a
place called Koten. They are under orders not to move into Inde-
pendent Tartary and Toorkistan on any account, because of the
bigoted Moslemim in that direction. The party then separate,—
one individual goes almost directly east (we believe Capt. Cunning-
ham), and drops gradually upon Lassa; another skirts the Sampoo
river towards the same capital (Lieut. Strachey) ; and a third (Dr.
T. Thomson) proceeds botanizing along a range of mountains in the
same line. After eighteen months, it is expected that the party
will be reunited at Lahore (qy. Lassa) ; unless the Chinese Com-

missioners behave more courteously to Capt. Cunningham than he
. 8t present expects, and permit him to penetrate further eastward
into the territorie of the Celestial Empire."— The real object
of this interesting expedition has not been made public ; but so
far as we can gather from the Indian newspapers, it is com-
posed of three Commissioners—Capt. Cunningham (son of the
. deceased poet), an experienced officer of engineers—Dr. Thomas -
. Thomson (son of the celebrated chemist of Glasgow), a distin-
~ guished naturalist—and Lieut. Strachey, an enterprising traveller,
= who lately succeeded in reaching the Manasarewa lake. The

party left Simla about the 10th of August—amply supplied with
Instruments and provisions for two years, and were last heard of
at Rampoor. It is understood that they are to proceed to
2 Shipkee, on the Sutlej where they will eross the river, proceed. fe
in a north-east direction across the Indus, and follow its course — —

SCIENTIFIC MISSION TO THIBET. 29

by the north of Cashmere, till they reach the point at which it
turns to the south in the north-west of that country. There they
are to winter.”

* At the meeting of the London Geographical Society, on the
Sth instant, a letter was read from Dr. Bird, secretary of the Bombay
Geographical Society, stating that a mission was about to start- —.
for the borders of Chinese Tartary,—Capt. Cunningham of the |
Engineers, Lieut. Strachey, and Dr. Thomson, having been
appointed for the purpose. The Calcutta and Bombay Asiatic
Societies had furnished Government with lists of questions as
desiderata on the Orography, Hydrography, Ethnology, and
Archeology of Central Asia. The route to be taken by the
Mission from India will be along the upper part of the valley of
the Sutlej, near its origin; into which the travellers will pass after
crossing the high southern ranges of the Himalaya mountains,
by the Nitee Ghaut, at an elevation of 14,544 feet above the level
of the ocean, and about the 31? of north lat. and 80? long. east of
Greenwich. They will then proceed across the Sutlej valley to
the junction of its eastern branch, the river of Lan-zing, with
the Spiti river, which is here flowing from the northward ; and
will thence proceed by the Panjkang lake, to the Karokorum
mountains, over which a pass leads to Yarkund;—or they will
follow the pass across the mountains from Rodokh to Khoten,
where they are desired to winter if possible; but if not able to do _
so, they are to remain at Rodokh on this side of the Kuenlun, or
go on to Yarkund on the other. As soon as the season will admit
of travelling, Captain Cunningham is to explore the course of the-
Indus to Ghilgit, and thence through the ferra incognita of the
Dardu and Hazarah countries to the Punjaub ; while Lieut. Stra- -
chey will proceed through the district eastward of the Sin-kha-bab -
river, or eastern branch of the Indus to Gardokh and the Mana-
sarewa lake—to which place he penetrated last year from the
Kamaoon over the Himalayas. He may then follow the route into
Eastern Thibet by the La Ganskiel pass, and is directed to
explore from thence the course of the Sanpu, ascertaining whether
it be the river of Ava or the Dihung, which falls into the Bramah-

putra. Dr. Thomson is to investigate all the mineral treasures

30 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

of our northern frontier. The party is provided with barometers,
thermometers, sextants, altitude and azimuth circles, magnetical
instruments, and whatever is necessary for the extension of geo-
graphical knowledge.”

Such we believe to be the amount of the information, hitherto,
laid before the British Public, relating to a Mission which, we
trust, from the talents and acquirements of the officers conducting
it, will be productive of the most important results to science.
Botany is there fully represented by our excellent friend Dr.
Thomas Thomson, who bids fair to hold as distinguished a rank
in that department of Natural History, as his father does m
Chemistry: we know not if a higher compliment can be paid to
him, and sure we are that it is merited. His correspondence
with us since he commenced his botanical career in India is full
of interest, but becomes tenfold more so when on the eve of
setting out on the Mission in question. His previous letters had
alluded to the journey; but that, dated Simla, July 5th, 1847,
speaks of it with confidence; and he details the route, so far as
it was considered right to make it known to the Officers, and

as far as the Officers were justified in communicating it to their
friends. |

“ Simla, 5th July, 1847-
*] have now to give an account of myself since my letter
of the 5th of July. I wrote to you in the middle of the month,
vid Calcutta, when Captain Cunningham, of the Engineers, had
been appointed head of the expedition. We are now waiting for
.. Lieut. Strachey, who is expécted daily ; and I hope we shall have
started by the 15th day of the month. The only additional par-
ticulars which I can give you regarding our movements are, that
our direction will be up the Sutlej, through Kanawur to Shipkee,
the first village of the Chinese territories. Thence we shall pro-
ceed i in an easterly direction to Garoo, or Gartepe, on the Indus,
where we expect to meet a party of Chinese Commissioners, with
.. whom we shall proceed in a north-westerly direction to the Chu-
. moreleel Lake, which in my map is laid down about 32° 45’ N.Lat, ——
and 78° 15’ E. Long. ee of the from. cu

TO THIBET. 3l

between Gholab Sing commences, which it is our first object to
fix. Our course will be to the N.E., till some way after crossing
the Indus, after which we shall turn to the north: the approach
of winter will probably oblige us to stop before we reach 34^ N.
I had all the direction pointed out to me by Cunningham, on his
own maps; but having none of my own with any details, I should
only lead you astray if I attempted to enter into particulars.
Ladakh, (or Leh, which is the proper name,) will probably be our
place of abode during the winter, and in spring we shall resume
our course to the N. and E., passing to the S. of Yarkund and
Kashgar, as far as about 72° E. long. My position next mid-
summer will, therefore, probably be at some distance to the N. of
Kashmeer, provided the present arrangements are carried out; but
these differ so much from what were supposed at the time I wrote
last, and so much more from those talked of on my first arrival
here, that I still doubt. Cunningham, however, is acquainted with
the country, and therefore is the most likely person to know. A
glance at the map will show you that our route will lie over an
immense tract of almost unexplored country, from which I hope
to bring back an infinity of interesting materials.

“T have been too much distracted by a multiplicity of occupa-
tions, in the way of preparation for my journey, to work much
while here. I have collected pretty extensively, but have got
little new. The rains commenced on the 21st of last month, and
have already produced a very luxuriant vegetation. The dampness, — —
however, makes the plants tardy in flowering: a few sunny days - v
would, I think, bring out plenty of flowers. Three or four — —
Aracee abound all over this place,—and with a beautiful purple — —
Zinziber, at present give the principal character of the vege- ———
tation. About a dozen La£iate, some shrubby, some herbaceous, ——
are very common, but they have not yet flowered. You must be — —
quite familiar with the characters of the vegetation of this part of —
the Himalaya, which is included in what may be called the lower _
temperate zone. Quercus lanata, Rhododendron arboreum, An-
dromeda ovalifolia, Cedrus Deodara, Pinus excelsa and longifolia,
Abies Smithiana, Ilex dispermum, Cerasus sp.—are the trees
Viburnum, p Rosa, (2 m Berberis, Rubi, and "— oer

32 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

species of shrubs, &e. &c. &c. The top of the highest hill is 8,300
feet, Quercus semicarpifolia does not grow here, but is plentiful at
Mahagoo and Fagoo—respectively six and ten miles off—I suppose
about 1000 feet higher. Q. semicarpifolia is characteristic of a
higher elevation, as is also Abies Pindron—a tree which, as far as
I can recollect, seems not different from 4. Webbiana, which I
formerly collected in Gurhwal. I shall, however, by-and-bye, have
an opportunity of comparing them. I went out to Fagoo about
the 15th of last month, and remained there two days, intending
to go three marches into the interior, but the threatening state
of the weather deterred me. The road is the same by which
I shall travel ten days hence, which made me less anxious to pro-
ceed. I have, as you know, been on Gurhwal as high as an 10,000
feet; and as none of the mountains near this attain such eleva-
tion I have met with no novelty on them. In fact the vegetation `
here and at Nynee Tal, may, I think, be said to be identical.
Minute comparison will, no doubt, point out many variations—
for instance, Coriaria Nepalensis, Cornus oblonga, Myrica escu-
lenta, Acer oblongum, Rhus (entire-leaved,) Cupressus torulosa,
Carpinus, Symplocos, all common at Nynee Tal, I have not seen
here, but in all probability I shall meet with them in the neigh-
bourhood; while Pinus excelsa, Abies Smithiana, and the Deodar,
do not occur at Nynee Tal, and are all, however, found in
Kamaon. I shall pay great attention to geographical distribution
as I go along, and hope to accumulate a great many useful data.
T have been reading Jacquemont, and, finding much to interest
me, have extracted all the botanical observations of the Himalayan
part to take with me: he is sometimes fanciful, and is amusingly
bitter against English travellers, and Anglo-Indians in general ;
but I think him a very careful observer: his notes were of
course intended to be filled up at a future time by study of
his collections, had not his death interfered, for he overlooks
many common plants which he must have often seen. He says,
for instance, that he never saw a Vitis in India, till he reached the
= Dhoom. His plates, I think, often contain old plants under new —
.. mames, for which I presume his editor, and not himself, is to blame; -

TO THIBET. 33 -

for he seems inclined, so far as I can gather from his book, to take a
rational view. of matters, and even to identify Indian plants
with European ones oftener than is quite correct, as in the case of
the Rhus, mentioned above, which he calls R. Cotinus. Jacque-
mout’s account of Kunawur leads me to anticipate a very rich
harvest on my journey: he mentions having collected forty new
species in one day, and in general of very rich herborizations. By
all accounts, the interior of W. Thibet is bare and unproductive ;
still along the Sutlej and Indus, and among the mountains, though
trees are deficient, I hope to find a plentiful herbaceous vegetation.
I start, provided with the means of making ample collections of
duplicates, and hope to be able to carry a large stock of paper
with me throughout, and though I shall be obliged to deposit
my accumulating specimens here and there, I trust to make i
arrangements for their transmission to India. ;
* As the time of my departure approaches, I get more and more
restless and anxious about my arrangements, and I find I cannot
settle down to write you a long letter. Henceforward my letters
will be written regularly, but I cannot at all guarantee that they
will reach you punctually, as my opportunities will only be occa-
sional, and there will be no certainty of hitting the departure
of the mail. When we leave this, we go down into the valley
of the Sutlej, where I shall have a last look, for some time,
I hope, at tropical vegetation. I am expecting the arrival of |

the mail, but can hardly hope for a letter from you before I S

start : My letters, however, will doubtless follow me, some ta or a
other.” =

—————— ————— —

** Rampoor, on left bank of Sutlej ;
“six marches from Simla, 9th of Aug. 1847.

S en considerably more delay than I anticipated when I Jast

wrote, our party has finally made a start. We left Simla on the - —
2nd of August, and arrived here yesterday, having halted one day |

upon the road. To-day, we have also halted, to get, our baggage :
put in order; and to-morrow we shall again proceed on our
VOL. IL. — ae :

+ 84 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

journey, and stop no more for at least a fortnight. My commu-
nication with India will be hence-forward very irregular, and you
must not be surprised at not hearing from me by every Mail. H
shall write, at least, once a month, as materials accumulate ; and
my letters, though they may travel slowly, will (unless something
unfortunate occurs) reach you very safely.

“The road from Simla hither is beaten ground. We march on
the very track which Jacquemont followed ; though, being a month
later, I miss many of the plants he mentions. The first four
marches are high, except in one place, where tropical forms just
begin to appear, Cedrela Toona being one of the first trees which
indicates the commencement of tropical vegetation. The first
day I did not leave Simla till four p.m., and got thoroughly wet
ere reaching the end of my day’s journey. The second day
was also unfortunately wet ; but we have since had good weather,
perfectly dry till to-day, when there is rain again. Our third
halting-place, Nagkunda, is about 9,000 feet above the sea, and
Hattoo, a mountain over-looking it, is 1,700 feet higher. We
were compelled to stop a day at Nagkunda, to await a large quan-
tity of our luggage, which was still behind, and took the opportu-
nity of ascending the mountain-top, which is richly wooded to
within a very short distance from the summit. Quercus semicarpi-
Jolia is the tree which rises highest; a few bushes of it occur
close to the peak: the common Tarus, Abies Smithiana, and
A, Webbiana? (Royle’s Pindron). T cannot call to mind any dif-
ference between the tree of these hills and 4. Webbiana, which I
have from Kamaoon ; but I will compare the two when I retum —
to the plains. It is very remarkable that Pinus longifolia seems — 3
to have entirely disappeared since leaving Simla, and to be re- |
placed by P. excelsa, which descends at least as low as 6,000 feet. — —
Since quitting Simla, I have been accumulating new species with — :
great rapidity, but have not yet got them into order. Our fourth —
. march was to Kotgurh, elevated about 6,600 feet. The road passed —

a beautiful glen, probably a thousand feet lower, where I made a a
very fine collection. From Kotgurh we descended into the valley 2
of the Sutlej, which we joined where its elevation might bea

TO THIBET. 35

little more than 3,000 feet above the sea. The change of tempera.
ture was very great, and that of vegetation equally striking. The
thermometer rose considerably above ninety degrees; and from
Oaks and Pines we found ourselves among Dalbergia Sissoo,
Euphorbia pentagona, and other tropical plants, with Mangoes,
Plantains, &e., in the gardens. The valley of the Sutlej is exces-
sively bare, and, except round the villages, scarce a tree can be seen.
I was surprised to find, amongst the hill-plants which descend
into the valley, some of the most peculiarly European forms,—for
instance, Geranium, Plantago, Bupleurum, and another Umbelli-
Jera, Agrimonia, Chenopodium, and Labiate, grow at the same
elevation with Cassia Tora, and American Side, Mollugo, Trium-
fetta; and other plants. Altogether, the journey through the valley,
though very hot, has been exceedingly interesting.

* Rampoor, whence I now write, is a place of considerable size,
for the hills, and carries on a flourishing trade to and from the
Chinese territories, shawl-wool being the principal import. To-
morrow, we re-ascend to upwards of 6,000 feet, and may expect,
therefore, a cool climate again, and different plants. Our future
progress will probably be uninterrupted for some time. At the
fifth march from hence, we shall cross the Sutlej, make six or
seven marches along its right bank, then turn north at Kanum
and Sonngum, across the Hungarung Pass, up the valley of the
Spiti river, to where it is joined by the river Para, up which we

shall travel to its source, near the Chumooreleel lake, where we D

expect to arrive about the 5th of September. :
“ I do not, at present, like to venture on any further ipods *
tion either of route or time. When we meet our friends the

Chinamen, we shall probably be able to form an idea. The - : :
season of seeds will be at its height, when we are in the high —
regions of Tartary ; and I think it may be worth while trying to send ——

some home to you, if I meet with anything likely to prove orna-
mental or useful. I may probably have the opportunity of seeing —
some of the species of Rhubarb, and, at all events, will do my
= best to ascertain the history and = of npo of this — :
| drug. » i

36 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

“Daukur, on the Piti river, north bank, Sept. 2, 1847.
* | wrote from Rampore on the 9th ult., and have now to con-
tinue the record of our subsequent progress. At Rampore, we
were in the valley of the Sutlej, about 3,200 feet above the level -
of the sea, and consequently surrounded by an almost tropical
vegetation. Our route, for four marches, lay along the left bank
-of the river; but, a short way beyond Rampore, we ascended to
the level of temperate vegetation, and, generally speaking, con-
tinued in it, though in every march there were two or three
descents to the margins of small streams, flowing from the snowy
mountains on our right, and which brought us down again the
plants of low elevations. Advancing eastwards, a few species
gradually appeared which indicated our vicinity to the dry climate
of Kunawur. Indeed, two plants, at least, which abound in that
country, extend down the Sutlej as far as Rampore, where the hot
exposed river-banks seem to enable them to withstand the greater
quantity of rain to which they are exposed. The two species
which I mean are a Caper (I presume Capparis obovata of Royle),
and a tall prickly-stemmed Zactuca.
= “On the 14th, in the middle of our fifth march from Rampore,
we crossed the Sutlej by a bridge, and pursued our course along -
its right bank. Here the river being at an elevation of 5,200
feet, we found ourselves beyond the usual boundary of tropical
vegetation. Pinus excelsa grew nearly down to the bank. Still,
from the lack of trees, the heat was great, and a few plants oc-
cured indicative of low stations. It is difficult to define the pre- -
cise limit, botanically speaking, of Kunawur. The change of |
vegetation is gradual, and bears, of course, some reference to the
diminution in the quantity of rain. On the night of the 12th, at
Turanda, we had heavy showers; but since that time, except a
slight sprinkling on two afternoons, the weather has been perfectly
dry. Turanda is situated on a lateral spur of the great mountain
range, which runs parallel to the river on the south: it is elevated
about 8,000 feet, and covered with a beautiful forest of Deodars.
It was not, however, till the 14th, when we passed the Sutlej, that —

TO THIBET. 37

new plants began to appear in any great numbers, since which
time, every day has produced a vast deal of novelty. Our route,
through Kunawur, lay along the right bank of the Sutlej, generally
about 2,300 feet above the river, and through Meroo and Rogee
to Pungee. The country is extremely mountainous, and the roads
of the most difficult description, frequently passing along the face
of precipitous rocks, and supported there by wood-work and
planking, fixed imto holes in the rock. The forest continued to
accompany us, the Deodar seemingly adapting itself to the dry
climate. On the 15th, Pinus Gerardiana, and the Kunawur
Fraxinus, made their appearance. It is around the villages that
the great beauty of this country is concentrated. There the culti-
vation is very rich, and the houses stand embosomed in groves of
fruit-trees, Wal/nuts and Mulberry growing in the lower spots,
and Peaches and Apricots everywhere. The Grapes were ripe in
the warm parts of the valleys, but as we ascended, we found
them still immature.

* At Pungee we quitted the course of the river, and striking
towards the north, began traversing a series of mountain ranges,
crossed by the Weering, Roonung, and Hungarung Passes, which
are respectively at 13,200, 14,500, and 14,800 feet of height.
We took two days to each of these Passes. The first day we
always proceeded as near the top as we could find water, and next
morning we surmounted the ridge and descended into the valley. —
During these six days, from the 18th to the 23rd, the change of —
vegetation was most rapid, and I can hardly conceive any country -
whose aspect alters more quickly and completely. On the south -
side of the Weering Pass, we had beautiful forests of Deodar and
Gerard's Pine: higher up grew Pinus ercelsa ; but on the north

face, when descending, though we were still surrounded with

forests, the nature of the trees, and their number, were greatly

altered. Birches were first seen there, and curiously enough, a —
good deal of Pinus Webbiana, both of which are wholly absent on
the other side. When we started from Lippa to ascend the Roo- —
nung Pass, we found the forest exceedingly scanty, and soon giving
place altogether to Jwwipers; while on the descent to Soongnum

38 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

both Deodars and Pinus Gerardiana re-appear, though in very
small quantity, and miserably stunted. Beyond Soongnum, on
my way up the Hungarung Pass, a solitary and wretched Gerard’s
Pine was seen, and this kind of tree had wholly vanished from
the northern face. Now, I have selected these trees as the most
marked and prominent features of the change of vegetation ; but
in herbaceous species the alteration is yet more complete. It is
obviously impossible to enumerate them. As we advanced, As-
tragali, Artemisia, and Chenopodiaceae increased in numbers, and
sometimes almost usurped the soil, each kind of plant growing in
large patches. The Junipers, Astragali, and Caragana formed
round tufts: the others sprang up among the rocks and stones,
and in the coarse gravel which generally covers these mountains.
The most prevalent and tenacious among Indian plants seems to
be a Cynoglossum, which has followed us even here, and Salvia
rubicola, which only ceased a week ago.

“On the 24th, we arrived at Sio, on the right bank of the Piti
river, elevated about 9,000 feet above the level, but where luxu-
riant crops of Millet, Buck-wheat, and Apricot Trees grow in the
greatest profusion. J have purposely abstained from noticing the
Alpine plants, with which the summits of the Passes presented me
in vast abundance, because, generally speaking, I have been
unable, through want of time, to examine and name them; and
my ignorance of the Himalayan productions, at similar altitudes,
forbids my drawing any comparison between them. I may, how-
ever, state that the vegetation of the three Passes, near as they are
to one another, is strikingly different, both in the number of
species, and of individual plants. In the latter, particularly, the
diminution was exceedingly marked.

* At Sio, we crossed the Piti river, and ever since, our course
_ has led through a country, much resembling the Hungarung Pass,
and its immediately adjacent districts. We have been gradually
rising as we advance, and the bed of the river, at this place,
having an elevation of 11,000 feet above the sea, we cannot, of

um * ourrse, go below that level. Ever since crossing the Piti, we

E have kept very near its left bank. The face of the country, from À

TO THIBET. 39

the time we left Sio, has been exceedingly bare, covered with
gravel where it is rocky, and the vegetation, of course, extremely
scanty, save on the banks of streams, which occasionally spread,
forming a green marshy turf, which affords a good number of
small plants.

“On the 30th ult., I noted all the species which occurred
during a march of ten miles, and found the number to be fifty-
nine (exclusive of Cryptogamia). At our present altitude, the
plants are, with scarcely an exception, European or Siberian forms.
Artemisia, Astragali, and Potentille prevail. The only tree is
Juniper, and a miserable affair it is. The shrubs consist of Hip-
pophiie, Tamariz, Rosa (Rosa Webliana, I believe, in great profu-
sion), and two kinds of Ribes, one is very rare, R. nigrum, and
bears a large and pleasantly tasted fruit, Willow, Fraxinus, Colutea,
and Rhamnus. In marshy spots grow some pretty Gentians ;
one, found to-day, seems to be Gentiana Moorcroftiana of
Wallich; also a minute Ranunculus, and a Carex, &c. The only
Rhubarb Y have yet met with is, perhaps, the Rheum spiciforme of
Royle; but its flowering season is past, and even the seeds are
all dispersed.

“The above is a rough and confused sketch of our progress, bo-
tanically speaking ; and now to pass to more personal matters. We —
have been sadly annoyed, occasionally, by heavy rain, and even soaked _
through almost daily. My poor specimens did not relish such
weather at all, and have suffered terribly in appearance. My col- -
lections are very large, though, owing to our constant movement -
from place to place, I have been unable to do more than gather -
the plants: to examine and name them was, obviously, impracti- -
cable. Since quitting Simla, I have obtained upwards of four
hundred species with which I was previously unacquainted. Now, -
however, the country and the season are becoming unfavourable, -
and in a very few weeks I shall find nothing, and shall have thus -
a little respite from collecting, and get time to compare and deter- -
mine the produce of my labours.

“ As to our future progress, the present. intention is to go ire
marches farther up this river, and then turn to the north, over the

40 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

Parung Pass, and down upon the Chumoreleel lake. ‘This route

is all through our own territory, and that of our dependent, Gholab
Singh, but the Parung Pass being, according to Trebeck and
Moorcroft, 19,000 feet high, and covered with snow on its northern
face, is likely to offer formidable obstacles to our progress. Leh,
which is our destination, is elevated 11,000 feet above the sea,
and the Chumoreleel lake 15,000, and as it is impossible in these
high districts to calculate on finding the country free from snow
in the middle of September, it is likely we may have a run for it!
I shall address you again from Leh, which we expect to reach early
in October, unless an opportunity of writing occurs sooner, and if
so, I will surely not neglect it.

“You may easily believe that I enjoy this Expedition im-
mensely ; though if I were free to govern my own motions, I
would travel more leisurely, taking shorter marches, and halting,
now and then, when the country promised to be interesting. If
the weather continues fair, I hope to find good botanizing in the
Parung Pass. At a height of 19,000 feet, one must almost touch
the extreme boundary of Phænogamic vegetation. But, according
to our school-boy phrase, ‘ we shall see what we shall see.’

* My last English letters bore date the 15th of June. News-
papers, up to the 7th of July, reached us some time ago, and I
hope the letters are not long behind. The communication with
Simla is, however, very uncertain.

“The great object of my desire is now to penetrate northward,
and to combine this journey with the Flora of Altai. Perhaps I

may be able, next year, to explore the great mountain chain north — —

of the Indus, crossing the Passes, here and there, and entering the
Chinese Territories: a plan in which I should anticipate little dif-
ficulty, because for several marches beyond the northern face of
the Passes the country is uninhabited. It would be delightful to
visit the Russian Possessions, vid Yarkund! but there a disguise
would probably be needful, and I am naturally rather deficient in
that appendage to the human countenance, namely, beard, which —
most effectually baffles recognition. 3 :
** All these speculations are, however, still in embryo : "ua :

TO THIBET. 41

for nothing may come of them; but you may be sure my best
efforts to investigate the country will not be wanting, and that
I shall eagerly avail myself of every opportunity which the present
expedition may afford.

I have already met with many productions of the Altai. I
gathered Chamerhodos (a Rosacea,) the other day, which, unless
Jacquemont found it, is new to Kunawur. The same is the case
also with the Black Currant, if distinct from our common species.
Royle publishes many plants from Kunawur ; but the localities are
incorrectly given in his book, owing, apparently, to the native
collectors having always stated the name of the nearest town.
or halting place, instead of the mountain where the speci- .
mens were gathered. Thus Lippa, Soongnum, Rogee, and
Pangee, are all at elevations of from 8—9,000 feet; while it was at B
12—15,000 feet that those northern forms of plants were found,
for which those much lower spots are erroneously cited. Marsh
plants, however, sometimes descend a good way farther down.
Thus Potentilla anserina, a small variety, having foliage glabrous
on both sides, occurs as low as 10,000 feet, but only near water.
Royle’s collectors must have been extremely diligent : hardly any-
thing seems to have escaped them. I have gathered a few seeds,
which I shall send to Simla, with a request that the Government
Secretary will frank them to Sir William Hooker. By-and-bye
I hope to have more. It is worth while trying these, even if

they should not prove new or valuable: I shall forward duplicates —

of them to Saharampore, and so give them a double chance ; and |
if they germinate there, and are worth sending to England, it can
be done with no difficulty. I am not neglecting the Acotyledones,
but they are few in number in these arid regions, save Lichens,
which grow plentifully on the stones. I have only found one or
two species of Ferns, and they are very alpine: the Lycopodia
have also disappeared. Hardly any Mosses produce capsules at
this season: probably in the cold weather, when going down the
Indus, I may meet with them in fructification. |
I cannot remember that I have much more to communicate.
VOL. II. | om | |

42 SENDTNER’S EXPEDITION

By next month, I hope to write a more collected and fuller
account of my proceedings.*

I have been trying to do something in Geology. Our late hurried
mode of travelling is unfavourable to investigating the mountains :
little can be effected beyond breaking off a specimen now and
then, and packing it up in paper, with a note of the locality. We -
have had Granite, Gneiss, Mica, and Clayslate, Quartz, Sandstone,
Conglomerate, and Limestone, all in most admired confusion.
The only very evident fact to be deduced is that the Himalaya,
and still more clearly the whole of Kunawur and Piti, have been a
series of lakes, at a very recent period, the hills and valleys being
to a great extent patched over with alluvial clays, occasionally
containing small lacustrine shells. Insects are very scarce, and J
have been unable to capture a single Beetle, though I have
repeatedly searched.

Sept. 4th. We have made two marches since I wrote the pre-
vious part of this letter ; but I have been laying out Coufervæ and — |
skinning a bird, and writing, ever since we arrived in camp, and — —
it is now half-past 1, a.m.—time to go to rest! Farewell. 1

Tuomas THomsox.

To the Subscribers to SENDTNER’S EXPEDITION INTO BOSNIA.

As we gave, in our last volume, an account of Dr. Sendtner’s
intended herborizing visit to Bosnia, we now publish an extract
from a late number of the “ Ratisbon Flora,” which we are sure
will be read by our subscribers with sympathy :— - :

“ The winter, which was most unusually prolonged in the moun-
tainous regions of Bosnia, obliged me to spend the early part of
the season, until the end of April, collecting in the lower districts
of the country, along the bank of the Save, and in the Podravina,
where the spring Flora was somewhat more advanced. Several in- -

* It is with great satisfaction we announce that we have received letters dede |
_ (Jan. 13, 1848,) which mention the safe arrival of the Expedition on the 27th of

-. September, at Giak, a town five days’ journey from Leh, (or Ladakh), the Civil bison
_ as Lassa is the Sacerdotal Capital, of Thibet. TOS.

INTO BOSNIA. 43

teresting discoveries were the result of this excursion. It was
only on my return to the mountain valley round Travnik, in the
middle of May, that I found the spring commencing there
also. After having made a rich harvest in that place, till the
end of May, I proceeded, in the beginning of June, in a south-
west direction to the mountains of Sutyuska, Varesk, and
Serajevo. My intention of exploring from Poinizza the schistose
mountains of Secy, and the Vranizza, was frustrated by the hostile
conduct and stupid suspicions of the inhabitants, as well as by the
fresh-fallen snow, and I returned a second time to Travnik. Here
the most brilliant prospects opened for the further prosecution of
my journey, as I received from the Governor of Bosnia, the Vizier
Kiamil Pacha, the favour of a more positive Bujuruddu, together
with the free disposal of a Kavas, and the promise of the necessary
horses gratis. With the intention, under such favourable auspices,
of going over the whole of the mountain chain from Secz to’
. Bertiscus, I sent a Kiradji on horseback to Spalato for a fresh
supply of paper. In the meantime, I made a good collection in the
neighbourhood of Travnik, on the calcareous mountain of Vlassick ;
but after a four days’ sojourn in these mountains, I was obliged
to return to Travnik, on account of the itch which I had caught
while bivouacking with the shepherds. In the very first excursion
I made from Travnik, after the recovery of my health, and whilst
awaiting my paper, on the 6th of July, I was attacked, without —
any provocation, by a Bosniak, named Osman, who fell upon me —
with his sword. Being unarmed, it was with the greatest dif- -
ficulty I saved my life. On this occasion I received a wound, -
which then kept me twelve days in bed, and which now, after
full two months, is not yet completely healed, and deprives me
of the use of my right arm. To this misfortune was added, -
during my confinement, another event most untoward for the -
prosecution of my undertaking, the recall of Kiamil Pacha. |
Unable now to make any further collections during the re-
mainder of the favourable season, and moreover, by the de-
. parture of the Vizier whose protection alone rendered my stay in
Bosnia possible, being no Mnri ma pen to reckon uper the
E ?

44, FENDLER'S JOURNEY

continuance of my researches with any security, I found myself
under the necessity of leaving Bosnia, and awaiting, m a more
suitable locality, my cure, and the resolution of the question
whether the new Governor, Tahir Pacha, would or would not,
hereafter, extend his protection to me. So I reached Munich on
the 29th of August.

* | am now expecting the arrival of my collections, which I in-
trusted to the commercial house of Brucher of Trieste, to forward
to me, that I might, after the determination of my plants, distribute
them to the subscribers, and draw up a detailed report of my
journey, and of the physical aspect of the country. I have already
taken the steps necessary for ascertaining the possibility of my
renewing my researches in Bosnia next year.

“T have, indeed, the best hopes that I may be enabled to com-
plete my journey in the way I could wish; but it is possible, also,
that this may be denied to me. In the latter case, I shall not
be in a position to furnish, to all my subscribers, the number of
species which I had promised. I therefore request those who
may not be satisfied with the share I shall be able to give
them, or who may not consider that the misfortunes which have
happened to me, can absolve me from the complete fulfilment
of my engagements, to address me by letter, directed to the
Botanical Garden of this place; in order that I may come to an
understanding with them according to their views.

“Orro SENDTNER.”
“ Munich, 8th of September, 1847.”

Notice of Mr. Fenprer’s Botanical Journey to Santa Fe, in
North Mexico. (Extract of a Letter addressed to Dr. Asa
Gray, from Dr. Engelmann of St. Louis.)

* Mr. Fendler has returned: he had not received any letter |

from me, or money, and was obliged to leave after having
exhausted all his means, sold his gun, watch, &c. Living is very

i
En aa

high there. He thought 400 dollars a-year was necessary, and more _

if farther excursions would have to be undertaken, mules hired, - a

TO SANTA FE. 45

&c. Mr. F. brought with him all his collections made since April,
except living Cacti and seeds, which were to be sent after him, and
have not yet arrived. The box with dried plants and barrel of
Cacti, sent in April, are not come.

All my leisure time has been devoted .to assist him in arran-
ging his collections: they are beautiful, the specimens mostly
splendid, and a great many new things amongst them. But they
are not well selected: of some he has collected eighty to, one
hundred specimens; of other, equally interesting ones, only five to
ten or fifteen, when he might have gathered many more. It is
not yet in my power to form an opinion about the number of speci-
mens or species, but I hope he may be able to pay his expenses
and the advances made to him, and have something besides,
though that will not amount to much. What I see, is a proof
of what could and ought to be done there.

“ Nov. 14th.

“T have just written the above lines and will send them off
without more delay. A few words about Fendler’s collections.
They are now nearly arranged and the specimens counted: his
collections contain about one thousand species, but perhaps not
more than three hundred with thirty or more specimens, many
with only a single one. They were all in the greatest con-
fusion ; and it took a long time to arrange them, for sometimes the
specimens of one species were in ten or fifteen different packages.

So he has collected perhaps eighty or one hundred of one, and de

ten or fifteen only of another species; but the specimens are fine _

and mostly very complete. As soon as I have made the selection, - dim

I shall send the plants to you, and they must be worked upon

rapidly, since Fendler is going to distribute them in the shot | a

possible time, and he is very much in want of money.
. “You will do me a favour, therefore, if you will have a short
notice published immediately here and in England, stating that Mr. —— —

A. Fendler has arrived in St. Louis with a rich botanical collec. —

tion from near Santa Fẹ, and that he offers about ten sets of some-
thing like four or five hundred (perhaps more) species, | ten more
of about three hundred, and da more of 200 species, most, of à

46 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

them in the best possible state of preservation, and well selected,
a few being only incomplete (in some oaks, willows, &c.) ; that the
price is ten dollars a hundred, transportation from St. Louis to be
paid by the subscriber ; and that a printed catalogue with descrip-
tion of new species will be sent to every subscriber, similar in
every respect to Lindheimer’s collection.”

NELUMBIUM JAMAICENSE.

We have elsewhere (‘Companion to the Botanical Magazine’
for the present month) noticed the rediscovery of the Neum-
bium Jamaicense in Jamaica, which had remained a planta incog-
nita to all botanists since it was first found by Dr. Patrick Browne
nearly a century ago. An excellent account, with plates, has
been printed and privately circulated by our valued friend, Dr.
M’ Fadyen, of Kingston, Jamaica; and we are anxious to com-
municate this interesting fact to the readers of our Journal, and
further to state, that so far as can be judged from the description
and from beautifully dried specimens, the species is scarcely differ-
ent from the Ne/umbium luteum of the United States of America.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Propromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis; Auctore A.
De CaNDOLLE.

Ir is no trifling privilege to be able to commence a new year
and the first number of the present volume, with the announce-
ment of the Eleventh part of the inestimable Prodromus of De __
Candolle, continued, since the death of the lamented parent, by his —
. son, Alphonse De Candolle. This part, or volume, as it really is,
includes five families of plants, than which none more needed a

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 47

thorough revision, the Orobanchea, Acanthacee, Phrymacee, Fer-
benaceæ, and Myoporacee. And to satisfy the public that these
respective families have been intrusted to good hands, we need
only say that Orobanchee has been executed by M. Reuter;
Acanthacee by Dr. and Professor Nees von Esenbeck;* and
the Phrymacee and Verbenaceæ families by Dr. Schauer, so well
known for his ‘ Memoir on the Myrtacee ; and the Myoporacee by
M. De Candolle. The Orobancheæ are divided into twelve already
established genera; the Acanthaceæ (“ magno specierum numero
inter tropicos totius orbis luxuriantes, in regionibus subtropicis -
multo rariores, in hemisphærio boreali vix ultra 15°, in australi -
non ultra 12° isotherm. reperiuntur") into two suborders, eleven
tribes, and no less than one hundred and fifty-four genera. Phry-
maceæ have only one genus and one species, found both in the
Old and in the New World. Verbenaceæ, to which we are happy to
find most of the Vitices of Jussieu united, are grouped into
three tribes, and the two former of them into ten subtribes, the
whole embracing forty-two genera. The last family in the volume,
Myoporacee (chiefly of Australian origin), includes twelve genera.
We have reason to know that the 12th Part, or volume, is in a
state of great forwardness, and that the Labiate are prepared by —
Mr. Bentham, the Plumbaginee by M. Boissier, and the Cheno-
podiaceæ, Phytolacceæ, and Amaranthacee by M. Moquin-Tandon. —

History of Barsapos ; comprising a geographical and statis-
tical description, &c., &e., and an account of the Geology and
Natural Productions. By Str Rogert H. SCHOMBURGK.
London : Longman and Co. 1848.

This indefatigable and distinguished Traveller eid Naturalist
could not visit the small Island of Barbados, without bringing
home materials for a History of the country, which are here given
in a handsome Royal 8vo volume, with some well executed plates.

_ * We may here observe that the Professor, ‘in quoting the name uf Burke in |
. William Hooker's piede has. ease it for an abbreviation of Burchell.

48 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

* During my sojourn,” he says, “I saw much that excited my
interest in a scientific point of view, and much that I admired
in its social condition and political economy ; all this, com-
bined with the wish I felt during my wanderings to carry
away with me a lasting recollection of what I witnessed, have
been the principal motives for the present undertaking.” This
talented Naturalist devoted much time and attention to the ve-
getable productions of Barbados: it was, he observes, “ a favourite
plan of mine to treat the Botany of the island in a more detailed
manner, and in place of the usual dry scientific descriptions, to
give a popular account of the plants, their uses and their pro-
perties. My preparations,” he proceeds, “had been already far
advanced, and the first sheet was printed, when I found that a
continuation in that manner would alone fill about twenty sheets ;
and I was reluctantly obliged to abstain from a task which I con-
sidered one of the most delightful, connected with my projected
work. Still I trust that if the subscribers, satisfied with the exe-
cution of the History, give me their further assistance, I may
execute my original plan, and publish a Flora of Barbados as a
sequel to this work." We will hope that the learned author
may one day accomplish his scheme. We must not suppose, how-
ever, that Botany has been entirely neglected in the present volume :
. there is a full and closely printed chapter of sixty-two pages, de-
voted to the Flora of the island, and to introductory remarks on
its vegetable productions generally. The catalogue of the flowering
plants in the island amounts to eight hundred and ninety-six
species ; but this includes the kinds cultivated or introduced from
other countries, as well as those which are indigenous ; and this
is of no small importance, as showing what may be introduced
advantageously to the colony. Many notes are given worthy of
extract, connected with imported plants. The famous Guinea-
grass, Panicum jumentorum, we here learn was raised in the
West Indies in 1744 (more than a century ago), by some seed
brought from the coast of Guinea. Eleven kinds of Sugar-Cane,
. introduced from various parts of the Old and New World, are in
cultivation. Eleven Palms are enumerated, most of them im-

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 49

ported. Of the Ficus nitida, Thunb. (an East Indian Fig), there
are two trees at the quarters of the Commander of the Royal Artil-
lery : the extent of the branches of the larger one is ninety-four
feet, that of the two, one hundred and twenty-four; and both (we
presume standing close together) cover a space of 11,000 square
feet. The Mammee Tree (Mammea Americana), Abricotier des
Antilles of the French, here attains a great size: in the garden
at Halton are two trees, the largest sixteen and a half, and the
other fifteen feet four inches, in the girth of the trunk four feet
from the ground. Lastly, we shall only mention the Mahogany
and the Teak, both introduced trees, and both, as is shown
by Sir Robert Schomburgk, well worthy of extensive plant-
ing. The late Sir P. Gibbs, when a young man, planted a seed
of the Mahogany on the estate of Springhead: it was cut down
previous to his death, when only fifty years old, and after retaining
several pieces of the wood for his own use, the remainder of the
tree was sold for 100/. currency. The late Judge Lucas planted
a Teak (Tectona grandis) on the estate of Sunbury, in 1799. In
1803, it was upwards of twenty-five feet high, and five inches in the
diameter of its trunk at six feet from the ground. In 1831, it
was blown down by a hurricane, and still remains in its prostrate
state, but living and luxuriant ; and in that condition, in 1846, its
trunk was thirty-four feet in length, and its girth five and a half
feet, at six feet from the ground.

NEREIS AUSTRALIS; or ALGÆ of the Southern Ocean: 6 K
figures and descriptions of Marine Plants collected on the shores

of the Cape of Good Hope, the extra-tropical Australian Colonies, a

Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Antarctic regions, deposited in
the Herbarium of the Dublin University. By Wu1tam HENRY
Harvey, M.D., &c. London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve. 1847.

Of this most important contribution to our knowledge of
exotic Algæ, we know not if we can pay it a higher compliment
than by saying it is worthy of the author. All that we have -

50 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

stated in favour of the Phycologia Britannica is applicable to this,
which has still higher merits; for as here, too, the author is not
only the draughtsman, but also the lithographer, so, as may
reasonably be expected, his experience as an artist has occasioned
corresponding improvement in the style and execution of. the
plates; while the publishers, Messrs. Reeve, have, on their parts,
spared neither expense nor paius to issue the work in a style
corresponding to its deserts. The portion before us is Part L.,
containing twenty-five exquisitely beautiful plates, as to subjects,
execution, and colouring, at the very moderate price of 21s. The
Preface, besides explaming the source whence the author derives
the rare and graceful species destined for the work, gives the best
and the most simple information for collecting and drying these
charming marine productions. "Then follows an admirable sketch of
the nature of these productions, of their affinities, whether as relates
to the vegetable or animal kingdom, and their limits. This part
ofthe subject is handled with great tact and clearness, and we
cannot forbear extracting the passage relating to that remarkable
vegetable production, the simplest, perhaps, of any in its organiza-
tion, the Red Snow. “ Linnæus,” says Dr. Harvey, “ and after-
wards Jussieu, comprised, under the term Alge, two closely allied
and very extensive classes of Cryptogamic vegetables, the Sea-
weeds, or submerged Alga, and the Lichens, or aerial. The more
accurate observation of these simple plants, in modern times, has
led to the separation of the Lichens into a distinct class, in some
respects collateral with the submerged Algæ, but probably, though —
degraded in its lower members, entitled to a higher rank in the
scale of organic being than its more showy rival. The humbler
individuals of the Lichen races do, indeed, appear among the first
vegetable organisms, which develop themselves on the surfaces of
naked rocks, whereon, by their alternate growth and decay, they
afford the earliest obvious deposit of a vegetable soil. They
. doubtless precede the Fungi in their attacks on the living tissue of ©
. higher vegetables, and thus they would seem to hold the very
lowest place in the scale of creation. But the eternal snows of ©
lofty mountains, far above the limits even of Lichens, are ‘the

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 5l

nurse and mother’ of the simplest 4/72, by the decay of whose
fronds, (the invisible detritus being, perhaps, carried down with the
melting snow,) a vegetable soil is furnished for those very Lichens
which claim to occupy a prior station in the scale of existence.
Whether the Protococcus of the snow be justly entitled to its name,
or whether it is in like manner dependent on a yet earlier organism,

it is impossible for us to decide: with our present amount of know-
ledge, it appears to be the simplest of all vegetables ; and still, from
its microscopic minuteness, we can trace upwards, in one unbroken
chain of affinity, a series of analogous structures, gradually be-
coming more complex, which link it in close relationship with the
great Alge of the Southern Ocean, one of whose enormous fronds
is more than a sufficient load for a man. The Protococcus, as-
suredly, bears a striking resemblance, in structure and aspect, to
the spore of one of the larger 4/77 ; and a hasty observer might
pronounce it to be nothing else than a spore, arrested in its pro-
gress by the ungenial soil and climate around it, but which, if
placed in favourable circumstances, would gradually advance to a
higher organization. Such a conclusion is not warranted by
facts; for, though this plant was originally detected on the snow
of the Alps, and afterwards observed in similar situations on the
Andes, and within the Polar circle, it is yet by no means confined
to snow: it occurs on rocks, down to nearly the level of the -
sea, in a great variety of climates, and still preserves, throughout
this wide discrepancy of * modifying causes,’ an identity of struc- —
ture, becoming neither more nor less complex. It is excessively
common in Europe, on the surface of rocks, (not exclusively on
limestone, as has been affirmed,) wherever water frequently lodges —
in depressions ; and I have seen it in such situations, at the Cape 2
of Good Hope, where snow never lies, and very rarely falls. With- ——
out presuming, therefore, to assert that the Protococcus admits of
no higher development, we may be allowed to remark that our
present knowledge of this humble plant invalidates, in nought,
the fundamental law of organic nature; viz.,—that every living _
thing, plant or animal, has received, at its creation, a certain charter _
of ede within which it and its progeny may range, but which

52 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

they cannot overpass. The theories of advancing development, or
transfusion of species, so frequently started in modern times, re-
ceive no confirmation in the case of the Protococcus; nor in any
other instance, where the evidence has been carefully investigated.”

The first part is devoted to the group of Rhodomelea, (so called
from podeos, red, pedas, black, from the almost universal fact of the
plants changing, in drying, from red to dark brown, or even black,)
and an interesting account is given of their geographical distribu-
tion. It should be observed that the work is not a selection of
certain species, but an arranged system of all that is known of
Australian 4/77, accompanied by figures of the new and rare ones,
especially of those most remakable for beauty of form or colour.

We cannot conclude our brief notice of this work without re-
marking that the Phycologia Britannica has now extended to
twenty-five numbers, and reflects, as we foretold it would do, the
highest credit on the author.

Dn. Hooker’s FronA AwrancrICA ; or the Botany of the Antarctic
Regions, explored by H.M. Discovery Ships, Erebus and Terror,
in 1839-1843, under the command of Captain Sir James Clark
Ross, R.N. London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve. 1847.

This important work is brought to a close in two quarto volumes,
with one hundred and ninety-eight plates, and the requisite accom-
panying descriptive matter. The other portions of the botany of
this voyage, namely the Flora of Van Diemen’s Land, and the Flora
of New Zealand, for which considerable preparations are made, will
be delayed till the return of the author from his present mission to
Northern India, and to Borneo. Many of the new species from —
those countries have recently been published in the late numbers
of the present Journal; and there is every reason to believe that -
numerous additions will soon be made to what is alreadyknown of the _
.. vegetation of those important islands, by the continuous exertions |
.. ef Ronald Gunn, Esq. in Tasmania, and of the Rev. W. Colenso _

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 53

in New Zealand. We announce, too, with great satisfaction, that
Captain Stokes, R.N. is on the point of leaving England in H.M.
war-steamer Acheron, for the shores of New Zealand ; and that he
possesses the means and the inclination to carry out botanical re-
searches in the hitherto almost unknown regions of the middle and
southern islands, by which science cannot fail to be deeply benefitted.

DanLrxGTON's AGRICULTURAL Botany; or an Enumeration and
Description of useful Plants and the Weeds which merit the
notice and require the attention of American Agriculturists.
By Wirrram Daruineton, M.D. Philadelphia, 1847.

The amiable author of this work is already favourably known to
science, both in England and in the United States, by his ‘ Flora
Cestrensis’ and other botanical writings. He has here brought
his knowledge and experience to bear on the tillage of the
soil in the United States, and has rendered much service to the
cause of agriculture there. An excellent Preface explains the im-
portance of a knowledge of plants to the cultivator of the earth,
especially of such as are useful to man and beast, and such as are
useless or injurious, and consequently require to be eradicated.
All these are clearly and fully described, and their properties given,
together with much useful and interesting matter, collected from a _
vast variety of sources. The whole is arranged in the body of —
the work, according to the Natural System, and a key to the Arti- —
ficial System is also subjoined. At the close of the work we find
the following very useful catalogues, with numbers referring to
the pages where these plants are described :—

1. Plants yielding esculent roots, herbage, or fruits for man.

2. Plants yielding food, exclusively or chiefly for domestic animals.

3. Plants yielding condiments and drinks.

4. Medicinal plants.

5. Plants employed in the arts, in commerce, in domestic or rural
economy. i uelis en

54 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

6. Pernicious and troublesome plants; (with the eminently per-
nicious ones distinguished from the rest;) and

7. Plants which are chiefly mere weeds upon farms, and ought
to be expelled, or superseded by more useful ones.

From this catalogue alone, it will be seen how extended is its
scope to others besides agriculturalists, and we can safely say it is
a work as much called for in England, as it can be on the other
side of the Atlantic. It constitutes a closely printed 12mo volume
of two or three hundred pages.

Experimental Inquiry into the cause of the Ascent and Descent
OF THE SAP, with some observations on the nutrition of Plants,
and the cause of Exposmose and Exosmosg, with plates; by
G. Ramey, M.R.C.S.E., &e. London: Pamplin, 1847.

This little book well deserves an attentive study. It is the
result of Experiments, carried on by the author during, and since,
the year 1840 ; and a short account of some of them was communi-
cated to the Royal Society in 1842. His mode of experimenting,
and the opinions he has thence deduced, are detailed in the
present Essay. The importance of the subjects may be judged of
by the titles of the several paragraphs.— Ascending or crude Sap.
Elaborated Sap. Direction taken by the Sap. Cyclosis. Struc-
ture through which the sap moves first to be determined. Object —
.. ofthe Experiments instituted. Sap not propelled. Some Plants —
. wunsuited for Experiments. Ascent of Sap due to a vital process
in the leaves. Structure through which the crude Sap ascends.
Intercellular tissue, its position and variation in different plants,
and its character. Cause of the ascent of Sap; its lateral diffu-
sion. Effects of Transpiration. Experiments confirmatory of the
explanation why crude Sap ascends. Effects of a solution of sugar
upon plants. Crude Sap attracted, not propelled. Supposed effects
of Endosmose. Use of the Pith. Descent of the elaborated Sap. —
. Experiments to determine the passages conveying the elaborated ——
i ums observations and deductions from the Papers Inde-

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 55

. pendence of the different layers of wood, and connexion of each
with the Roots. Vessels alone convey the elaborated Sap. Open-
ings of communication in Spiral Vessels. Method of demon-
strating Spiral Vessels in Leaves and Petals. Arrangement of
Spiral Vessels. Vascular connexion of the Petioles of Leaves with
the Stem. Formation of Ducts and Spiral Vessels from Cells.
Longitudinal marking of Ducts and Spiral Vessels. Changes
effected during the transformation of Cells. Breaking up of Cells.
Inference as to the functions of Vessels. Passage of elaborated
Sap along the Vessels of the Petiole, &c. Mechanical action of
the Spiral Vessels. Deductions from experiments regarding the
office of the Leaves, &c. First direction of the Elaborated Sap ;
its ascent. Cause of Death by Ligature. Escape of Fluid from
Trees wounded during spring, and its cessation. Dutrochet’s
explanation of the cause why Sap ascends. Analogy of Starch in
Plants to Fat in Animals. Nutrition of Plants, and passages by
which the nutritious matter is conducted; with experiments and
observations. Disappearance of Starch in Vegetables. Analogy . —
to Animal Nutrition. Wood of Conifere. Cause of Endosmose
and Exosmose, and characteristic properties of each. Cause of
Accumulation. Explanation applicable to Fluids, possessing dif-
ferent chemical properties. Endosmose and Exosmose referable
to Attraction. i
The plates, two in number, are well executed, and the descrip- —
tive matter clearly expressed, and evidently the composition of a
Naturalist anxious to make accurate investigations. The * Inquiry"
cannot fail to be considered an important addition to Parola
Botany, a study yet in its infancy.

Hepatica Brirannicæ ; or Pocket Herbarium of British Hepa-
tice, named and arranged according to the most improved pions
by Witt1am Granam M’ Ivor, Royal Gardens, Kew. ud

On more than one occasion, in the volumes of our Journal,
we have borne prion to » usefulness. * mia and

56 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

correctly named specimens, especially of Cryptogamic Plants ;
and they are doubly useful when given in the form of a
Pocket-Book, or Pocket Herbarium (** Taschenherbarium” of the
Germans), like the “ Deutschland Moose” of P. C. Funck, and
the * Musei Britannici” of our friend, Mr. Gardner. On the
plan of those exquisitely beautiful models the present work has
been formed; and it is not a whit behind them in the perfectness
of the specimens, in completeness of the number of species,
and correctness of the nomenclature. The Hepatice are here
divided into thirty-nine genera; the number of species in the
copy before us is one hundred and thirty-five, (including a
few well marked varieties,) and the volume is offered at the
moderate price of 21s. With the most indefatigable industry
Mr. M’ Ivor has collected, with his own hands, in England and in
Scotland, most of the species here given, and has made exchanges
with other botanists, so as to obtain certain rare species which he
has not had the good fortune to gather; and thus he is enabled
to render the work more complete than it could otherwise be.

ltis probable that Cryptogamic and other Botanists will not
derive so much advantage from the publication of this work as
might be expected, were the author to continue in this country,
and have the opportunity of preparing a greater number of copies
than his limited time and means have allowed. Still, it is a sub-
ject for congratulation that so enthusiastic and intelligent an
Horticulturist and Botanist is charged, by the Honourable the
Court of Directors of the East India Company, with the formation
and management of a Botanical Garden in the Neelgherry Hills
of the Madras Presidency. Mr. M’ Ivor will embark for his
new office in a few weeks; and the copies of the “ Hepatice
Britannice” remaining unsold, will be left with Mr. James
Crammond, at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, where appli-
cation may be made for the work.

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 57

Contributions to the Botany of Sourn America; by Joun Miers,
Ese., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e.
(Continued from p. 26.)

It is evident, from the foregoing facts, that Sclerophylax
cannot be referred to any known Natural Order, and it is, there-
fore, essential to find some place for it in the system. Some
objections may be made to the establishment of a distinct order
upon a solitary genus ; but we have at present no less than twelve
natural families among phanerogamous plants, each based upon
a single genus. Even Nolana was in a similar position, with
only seven species, when the family of the Nolanacee was first
proposed in 1833: the subsequent collections of Cuming and
Bridges have increased the number of genera to six, and the
amount of species to thirty. Under these circumstances, I have
less hesitation in offering the genus under consideration, as the
type of a distinct family, under the name of Sclerophylacee ; and
accordingly, I proceed to suggest the position it will probably
occupy in the natural system, an inference derived from the com-
parison of its leading characters with those of the various families
to which it can claim the smallest relation.

In the following tabular view, the various orders there enume-
rated, which form a very natural circle, bound together by many
common ties, are placed in juxtaposition according to the number
of the stamens, the æstivation of the corolla, the number and direc-
tion of the ovules, and the relative position of the embryo. This
selection of characters may not be the most appropriate with a view
to methodical arrangement, and is not offered with any such inten- -
tion; but it answers our present purpose of determining, by such —
artificial means, the most fitting position in the system for Sc/ero- _
phylaz, which on account of its appargptly anomalous structure, -
does not at first sight fall into any distinct place, and can hardly -
be attached as a suborder to any of the families here enumerated. _
This table, founded upon such artificial characters, appears to —
indicate by a gradual transition, a chain, nearly as perfect as any -
linear distribution, based upon more methodical principles, can be -
expected to exhibit, and certainly it does not materially differ
Li from. ren aie wrangemen after the po Jussieu
À ge re

Flowers with a gamopelalous hypogynous corolla, and one or more superior ovaries with 1, 2, or 4 cells in each, never 3 or 5; placentæ never parietal ; when the cells are 2, :
one is always posterior, the other anterior with respect to the axis of inflorescence. They consist of the class Nuculifere, and part of Tubifforz, Endl. p.

Orders, Stamens, Æstivation of corolla. Ovules. iS sese sger
e t . } 4 + 0 Abd oc o rà 2. } erect } inferior } inferior
Boraginaceæ : T : : : i . ‘ ye n
€3 border below plicate,
Cordiacese j r i å above, cortortu-imbricate . H ' . ` >
Heliotropiaceæ , e border, below plicate, lobes —. . . E superior > superior
: - t spended
lios ; a } E eapite m P i e A | skeen ^ pen j ; :
Sclerophylaceæ — . : H d ) AX lobes, induplicato-valvate . Ser ui E.
Grabowskyeze 2 : ; : . . . . . 4 ; NUE, eb
d tube subplicate—lobes often condupli- : :
pe | | i | XA E) “eate—margine always contortu-im. J j 3 3 : g :
bricate . ' . ‘
Dichondreæ , ^ t : ; 3 : } ; '
" 5 Foyer T AT EPEN ds, } 1 or 2 in each cell L inferi :
lob p valvate inferior
nes: : ; R @ as pe twisted, or reduplicato-valvate : : [ es
Erycibee — i ; and straight . . . : } 4 in a single cell ; ` :
. Cuscutacere , ^ as EN H Q almostvalvate . — . . : } 2 in each cell i . G ' ;
Stilbaceæ , ‘ B 1 i f Ceon DN t P + 1 in each cell J > à a A
ro lo |
~ Cestraceæ . . : : c e . induplicato-valvate or plicato-valvate } . . 7 : . .
. Solanacege ; à : a s : p ; , , E .
DDR eee : p S - > centripetal
Nicotianem , ; A : ees à i ae > horizontal a . :
ree: : y) € licato-imbricate — : several in each cell |
Salpiglosidee =, J : jx } p Y : : T : : .
Q imbricate } 1 in each cell OS NC inferior
NT A > — suspended
superior

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 59

CYPHOCARPUS.

The discovery of a plant possessed of many abnormal charac-
ters, is always more interesting to the Botanist, than the detection
of a new genus, marked by features that only serve to fill up an
ordinary link in the chain of some well-recognized family. The
plant under consideration will be seen to be extremely anomalous
and curious in its structure, It was collected in Chili by Bridges,
and exists in the Herbarium of Sir William Hooker, who, with
his accustomed liberality, had the kindness to offer it to me for
examination. It evidently belongs to the class Epicorollia, or
rather the Campanulee of Jussieu, according with the Campanu-
laceæ, Lobeliacee, Goodenoviacee, Cyphiacea, and Stylidiacea, in
having an epigynous corolla and stamens alternate with its lobes :
the insertion of the stamens, however, is not epigynous, as in all
these families, but decidedly perigynous, originating in the middle
of the tube of the corolla. It corresponds also with the four last-
mentioned orders, in the corolla having an irregular border, but
it is not divided into distinct petals: its tube is not cleft on one
side to the base ; nor are the stamens in any degree syngenesious,
as always occurs, at least, in the Lobeliacee. From the Goode-
noviaceæ, it differs in the estivation of the corolla; for, in that
order, the broadly-winged margins of each lobe respectively are
involutely imbricated upon one another,* while in Cyphocarpus
the margins are irrespectively induplicate with those of the con-

tiguous lobes and valvate with them : these lobes, too, are of one —

equally thin membranaceous texture, not thickened in the middle — 4
as if another narrower petal were glued upon the back ; it must

* This is a distinction deserving of some notice. Endlicher, in his character of
the Goodenoviacee, (Gen. Pl. p. 506) defines this by saying ^ lobis æstivatione
induplicatis,” which conveys a very incorrect notion of this peculiar manner of præ-
floration, especially if we confine that expression to the limit given to it by Prof. i

_ Lindley in his Intr. Bot. 411, fig. 6. Mr. Robert Brown, who founded the order, i
expresses this feature in far more exact terms, viz., “ lateribus æstivatione indupli-
cati” (Prod. 573) ; but it appears to me, it n +

60 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

not be forgotten, however, that the hooded portion of the upper
lip of Cyphocarpus, more or less partakes of this character. In
regard to æstivation, the approach to the Zobeliaceæ and the
Campanulacea, is equally evident, in which latter family, although
replicately valvate in Specularia Se it is more generally plicately
valvate, as in Campanula (73, a form sometimes scarcely distin-
guishable from the induplicato-valvate C3 mode of æstivation seen in
Cyphocarpus. Yn the structure of its ovarium, it resembles at the
period of its first growth, that usually seen in most of the genera of
- the Campana! alliance : it is two-celled, with numerous ascending
ovules arranged about the axis, on each side of a narrow central pla-
centary line ; but the dissepiment consists of an extremely delicate
membrane, which at an early stage begins to shrink from the walls
of the ovarium, and soon evanesces entirely, leaving a unilocular
cell, with a linear, central, free placenta, about which the
ovules are crowded, and become perfected. This placenta is
very narrow, and although thicker than the dissepiment, is still
membranaceous, being marked by six very fine parallel ovuligerous
nerves, arranged in threes, and leaving a broader intermediate
space, which is sometimes, but not always, cleft for a short dis-
tance in the middle: this shows an evident tendency towards the
placentation of the Zysipomee, especially through the genus
Hypsela, of Presl. I am not aware of the existence of a similar
structure in any genus of this alliance. It differs also from all
the orders before mentioned, in the peculiar form of its corolla,
which is quite monopetalous and bilabiate, one of the lips of its
border being galeate, with wmged margins, and surmounted by a
single terminal, delicate, oblong lobe, while the other lip is fur-
nished internally with a prominent ringent palate, and has four :
distinct, terminal, oblong lobes, of delicate texture, like that of -
the other lip; these five lobes have all the same common indupli-
cate æstivation. The style is quite glabrous, and declinate at the
summit, and the stigma is deficient of the singular indusium of
the Goodenoviacee, although it has a few external setose hairs, as
in the Campanulacez ; it is subsequently glabrous, bilabiate, with —
-fleshy reflexed lobes, and a small gland in the sinus; indeed, it —

' SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. _ 61

greatly resembles that of Petunia, and is much like the develop-
ment of the stigma, which I have sometimes seen in the Chili
variety of Waklenbergia linarioides. It has an entire, small,
annular, fleshy, epigynous ring, surrounding the base of the style,
as in the Lodeliacee. Its seeds are neither lenticulate, nor
winged, but oval and striated, with a somewhat scrobiculate and
reticulated testa. Its general habit is very peculiar, being some-
what herbaceous, of an arid appearance when dried, with small radical
rigid leaves, having sharp spinose teeth, while its cauline leaves
are ternate, involucrating, and surrounding the base of a solitary
sessile flower in each alternate axil, the two lateral ones being
actually inserted upon the ovarium ; these resemble in form the
persistent segments of the calyx, being linear and rigid, with a few
somewhat retrorse teeth on the margin, which are hard and
spinescent, and sometimes double. In the ascendant position of
its ovules, and in the form and direction of the embryo, it resem-
bles all the other orders of the Campanal alliance.

It must be evident from the above facts, that the affinity of
Cyphocarpus is unquestionably with the class of the Campanulinea,
but it cannot obtain a tenable place in any of the five orders com-
posing that class,* for which reason I would rather suggest the
propriety of giving it a distinct station, and making it the type of
an aberrant group, of which, probably, many others remain to be
discovered, or may now, perhaps, be found in existing herbaria.
It certainly borders closely upon Campanulaceæ, through Prisma-
locarpus ; upon Lobeliaceæ,t through Grammatotheca, Clintonia,

* Ifin any place, it would certainly stand as a third tribe of the Campanulacee, e

but in an instance like the above, where a plant osculates closely upon several different
orders and cannot be arranged in any one of them, without breaking down the few
limits of demarcation between very natural families, it appears to me less objectionable
to classify it under a distinct title, as a separate group, than to force it into an un- -
natural position. This genus may therefore remain for the present, as the nucleus of
a suborder, attached to the class Campanulinee, after the example of the Spheno-
cleaceæ, until other analogous plants be detected, that may claim for the Cypho-
carpaceæ its due place, as a recognized family in the Natural System.

T Ihave noticed in many of the Cape species of Lobelia a very distinctly gibbous
palate, similar to that described in Cyphocarpus ; but strange to say, I can find
nowhere, either in DE T botanical work, any

62 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

and Lysopomia; upon Cyphiacee, through the genus Cyphielal
of Presl, which has a gamopetalous corolla; and upon Goodeno-
- viaceæ, through the section Ochrosanthes of Goodenia.

The generic name of Cyphocarpus, now proposed for this plant,
is derived from kudos, incurvus, and kapros, fructus, on account of
the gibbous form of its enlarged capsular fruit.

The following is an outline of its generic character :—

Cyenocarrus. (gen. nov.)—Calyx oblongus, ovario adnatus,
limbo supero, persistenti, breviter tubuloso, profunde 5-fido,
laciniis erectis, subinzequalibus, linearibus, retrorsim mucronato-
dentatis, rigidis, fructifer demum auctus. Corolla persistens, in-
sertione epigyna, longe tubulosa, tubo cylindrico pentagono,
angulis hispidulis, limbo bilabiato tubo duplo breviore; labio
superiore galeato, textura crassiori, (excepto nervo dorsali) glabro,
colorato, marginibus alatis tenuibus, lobo unico oblongo superato ;
labio inferiore, imo in palatum gibbosum plicato, plicis 3 linearibus
intus prominentibus, apice usque ad medium in lobis 4 oblongis
partito; lobis omnibus 5 textura delicatula æqualibus, æstivatione
induplicatis. Stamina 5, æqualia, inclusa, supra medium tubi
inserta, limbi laciniis alterna: filamenta gracilia, dilatata, medio
nervulo centrali barbata : anthere lineares, filamentorum longitu-
dinis, basifixæ, 2-loculares, loculis collateralibus, margine rima
longitudinali dehiscentibus. Polen globosum, simplex. Ovarium
inferum, cylindraceum, sub-5-gonum, membranaceum, 2-loculare,
loculis uno antico, altero postico, dissepimento membranaceo,
tenuissimo, medio placentifero, a parietibus cito soluto et evanido,
placenta centrali tune omnino libera, revere deinde unilocnlare :
ovulis plurimis adscendentibus. Stylus filiformis, tubo corollæ
paulo longiusculus, omnino glaber, apice sub galea reflexus, basi
annulo brevi integro carnoso cinctus. Stigma capitato-bilobum,
lobis crassis, in alabastro clausis et extus setosis, demum reflexis,
glabris, in sinu glandula centrali viscosa instructum. Capsula cylin-
drica, conica, striata, postice gibboso-ventricosa, corolla calycisque
allusion to the existence of so prominent a feature. I have also observed in some

species of Lobelia, that the insertion of the stamens is decidedly perigynous, that is to -
say, upon the tube of the corolla, a little above its base, not epigynous, as generally -

.. described.

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 63

laciniis foliaceis persistentibus coronata, unilocularis, subfolli- .
cularis, vel sutura longitudinali postice dehiscens, placenta nune
omnino soluta, in tæniam angustissimam centralem liberam semi-
nigeram (rarius medio fissam) cum stylo persistenti continua.
Semina plurima (circiter 40), patentia vel suspicientia, breviter
stipitellata, ovata ; zesta longitudinaliter costata, reticulato-scro-
biculata, apice chalaza subobsoleta notata; albumen carnosum :
embryo axilis, teres, fere orthotropus, radicula terete, infera, hilo
spectanti, cotyledonibus ovalibus paulo latioribus, multoties
longiore.

Herba Chilensis rigida, per totam scabrido-pilosula, caulibus
perpaucis, e collo ramosis, erectis. Folia fere radicalia, oblonga,
acuminata, basi in petiolum decurrentia, enervia, grosse spinoso-
dentata: folia caulina, terna, equalia, sessilia, quarum 2 lateralia
(bracteæ) e basi ovarii utrinque orta, rigida, linearia, spinoso-den-
tata, florem solitariam sessilem involucrantia, persistentia ; caulibus
tune in inflorescentiam quasi spicatam redactis.

1. Cyphocarpus rigescens : foliis radicalibus oblongis, grosse
dentatis, dentibus mucronato-spinulosis rachi marginibusque carti-
lagineis, rigidis, in petiolum decurrentibus, mox caducis, caulinis
bracteisque consimilibus linearibus, laciniisque calycinis runcinato-
dentatis, rigidissimis, persistentibus ; ramulis subspicatis, subflex-
uosis, e basi ortis, adscendentibus. Chili (Coquimbo): v. s. in herd.
Hooker et Mus. Brit. (Bridges, n. 1293.)

This curious plant seems to be quite herbaceous in its habit,
although of arid and harsh appearance : its root is long, slender,
and tapering: it branches from towards its base into a few nearly
erect, somewhat flexuose floriferous stems about a foot high, bear-

ing a single flower in each axil. ‘The radical leaves, including he ——

petiole, are eleven lines long, and three broad: the floral leaves
and bracts are nine lines long, and about a line broad: the caly-
cine leaflets in flower, are four lines long, and scarcely a line
broad, but they increase in length to six lines upon the ripened
and enlarged capsule: the inferior ovarium is three lines, and the

Superior corolla six lines long; this is persistent, although the — *

border becomes shrivelled ; itis, apparently, of a bluish huc, but

64 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

the upper galeate lip is of a deep crimson colour, and the palate
of the opposite lip seems of a roseate tinge, judging at least from
the appearance of the flower when moistened after being dried :
externally it is quite smooth in bud, but the flower, at maturity,
is covered with a very short, dense, echinate, rigid pubescence,
with which, indeed, the whole plant, under the lens, will be found
to be more or less invested: the crimson galeate lip of the corolla,
with the exception of the dorsal nerve, is, however, quite glabrous.
(Zo be continued.) p 3> >

Prodromus Monographie Ficuum; scripsit F. A. G. MIQUEL,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis.

(Tas. IL.)
(Continued from Vol VI. page 588.)

II. PHARMACOSYCEA.

Flores in receptaculo globoso monoici bracteolati. Masc. præ-
sertim superiores, perigonio (fusco) coriaceo 4-phyllo, phyllis
concavis imbricatis in pedicellum longum vel abbreviatum
coeuntibus. Stamina 2, cum vel absque pistilli rudimento,
filamentis brevibus, antheris oblongis, loculis connectivo antice
adnatis. Pim. perigonio 4-6-phyllo, phyllis linearibus. Ova-
rium sessile, stylo brevi. Stigmate bi-vel unicruri, cruribus lanceo-
latis muriculatis epe introrse suleatis. Achenia crustacea.— . —

Species Austro-Americane arborem vel frutescentes, glabræ vel
scabrido-puberulæ, foliis oblongis integerrimis costiveniis, recepta-
culis axillaribus pedunculatis vel sessilibus geminis vel solitariis -
globosis apice bracteis parvis clausis basi involucro trilobo sus-
tentis, sueco vulgo acri.—Ab cene cui habitu vim
florum structura valde differt.

1. Pharmacosycea Radula. (Ficus Baduls; Willd. vol. x. p. 1144.
H. B. K. Nov. gen. ii. p. 47. E. anthelminthica, Rich. MSS. ——
in DC. Essai méd. des pl. p. 261. verisimiliter.) Ramis glabris ——
fuseescentibus, ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus sparse recep- ——-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 65

taculis confertius scabriusculo-puberulis glabrescentibus, foliis
oblongis ellipticis vel ovato-oblongis utrinque acutiusculis vel obtu-
siusculis supra asperiuscule punctulatis, venis horizontalibus dis-
tinctioribus costulatis utrinque circiter 10-12, stipulis lanceolatis
elongatis tereti-convolutis, receptaculis solitariis (an semper) bre-
viter pedunculatis, involucro dein circumscisso. (Tas. II. B.)

Has. Brasiliam (Schott.) In districtu Paranogoa, Prov. Piauhy;
Aug., 1839. (Gardner, n. 2130, in Hb. Hook.)

Arbor magna? Nodi ramulorum stipularum cicatrice marginati.
Petioli semiteretes antice sulcati fuscescentes. Folia coriacea rigida,

.— basi subtrinervia, costulis subtus prominentibus pallidis ante mar-
ginem arcubus tenuibus junctis, 12-14 cent. longa, 5} lata. S#i-
pula lanceolata acuminata convoluta, imo dorso puberula, cæterum
glabra, 4 cent. longa. Receptacuda cerasi nunc fere magnitudi-
nis, puberula vix scabriuscula, basi in s/ipifem brevissimum con-
stricta, pedunculo ipso + cent. circiter longo, apice bracteis
exiguis imbricatis latis glabris clausa, intus sub ore bracteis obtu-
rata, cæterum foveis exsculpta floriferis, inter quas éracteole fusce
coriaceæ. F7. fem. magno numero obvii, perigonio 6-phyllo,
phyllis basi liberis vel in brevem pedicellum conjunctis linearibus
concavis ciliatis. Ovarium gynophoro vix ullo sustentum obo-
vatum, sźylo laterali, stigmate vel caudato muriculato vel subbi-
cruri. Achenia matura crustacea albida, punctulis fuscis inspersa.
Masc. superiores, perigonio 4-partito, lobis spathulatis apice ob-
_ tuso concavis incurvis imbricatis subciliolatis, basi sepius in pedi- To

cellum puberulum conjunctis. Stamina 2 opposita, perigonii —
duobus phyllis opposita, ima basi iis subadhærentia, filamentis
semiteretibus fuscis brevibus, antheris oblongis bilocularibus,
loculis connectivo antice adnatis, antice sulco separatis, dorso cum -
connectivo glanduloso-punctatis, filamentis paullo supra basin
dorsi infixis. Inter stamina vidi plerumque r#dimentum pistilli,
basi teres curvatum fuscum crassiusculum (ovarium), sursum -
lutescens attenuatum (stylus) ; in uno flore stigma horizontaliter
bicrure in tali flore inveni.

In alio specimine Gardneriano (n. 2731, * common on the banks
of the — Aug. 1839. 2 folia wh majora supra asperulo-

66 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

punctulata et pilis fugacibus inspersa, récepéaculis solitariis vel
geminis adhue parvis cum ramulis densius pubescentibus.

Var. latifolia, Foliis latioribus ellipticis vel ovato-ellipticis.
obtusiusculis integerrimis scabriuscule pubescentibus.

Has. America merid. ad Rio Monte, (Tweedie !) An species ?
Tas. II. B. Pharmacosycea Radula. Ramus fructifer, m.n.; 4,

alabastrum masc. ; 4, flos masc; c, stamina cum pistilli rudi-

mento; d, eadem cum pistilli rudimento perfectiore ; e, pistilli
rudimentum ; f, stamen a facie, dorso et latere; g, alabastrum

fcm. ; 4, flos foem. ; 2, pistillum juvenile ; omnes a.m.

2. Pharmacosycea anthelmintica. (Ficus anthelminthica, Mart. !
Syst. Mat. méd. Brasil. p. 88. Pl. méd. et oecon Bras. ined.
Tab. 11! Ficus glabrata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. H. p. 47.) Glabra,
ramulis petiolisque fuscescentibus, foliis oblongis acutatis basi
acutis trinerviis et utrinque subhorizontaliter 10—15-costulatis
coriaceis utrinque lævibus, stipulis lanceolatis elongatis convolutis,
receptaculis axillaribus geminis vel solitariis sessilibus globosis basi
involucro tripartito sustentis glabris levibus.

In sylvis primævis Prov. Paraensis et Rio Negro; “ arbor
ingens." (Mart.) Barra De Gardino, Dec. 1838. (Gardner,
n. 2000 in Hd. Hook. “ A fine large tree, common by the side of
streams.")

Ramuli teretes, fusci, striolati, leves. Petioli semiteretes
antice concaviusculi, 3—4 cent. longi. Folia coriacea, iis præ-
cedentibus habitu simillima, sed glabritie, apice dentato, et costulis
. haad adeo horizontalibus diversa, plerumque :equilatera, supra

= nitida, subtus pallidiora, costulis pallidis prominentibus haud reticu-
latis ante margines arcubus junctis pertensa, 14-16 cent. longa,
53-6 lata. Receptacula in sp. Gardneriano piso paullo majora,
subdepresso-globosa, levia, ore minuto exiguis bracteis imbricatis
obturata, basi involucro appresso tripartito suffulta, intus sub ore
bracteis occlusa. Z7. fem. numerosi, perigonio profunde 5-partito,
lobis basi in pedicellum brevem trigonum coeuntibus lanceolatis
acutis apice pilosulis inzequalibus, uno presertim latiore carinato-

. concavo. ovarium amplectente ; ovarium. subsessile, stylo. infra

dup laterali brevi, stigmate obliquo tasequalisbignari:. ; does

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIA FICUUM. 67

nium obovatum. FI. mase. perigonio 4-fido, lobis ellipticis, uno
demissius libero. Stamina 2. opposita, filamentis brevissimis,
antheris dorso infra 4 alt. exsertis oblongis compressis bilocularibus
basi bifidis, una altera paullo minore. Pistilli rudimentum teres
acutum parvum.

In sp. Martianis folia confertiora, petiolis brevioribus 14-2
cent. longis paullo crassioribus sustenta, elliptica vel oblonga obtu-
so-apiculata, coriacea, breviter subtrinervia, nervo medio supra plano
fuscescente, subtus prominente, costis omnino fere horizontalibus
utrinque 25-20, majora 22-23 cent. longa, 7-8} lata. Recep-
tacula matura cerasi magn.

Var. folis minoribus, 13 cent. longis, 54 latis (Prov. Bahia).

9. Pharmacosycea? dendroctona, (Ficus dendrocida, H. B. K.
Nov. Gen. IL., p. 46. F. dendroctona, Spreng. Syst. Veg. TIL.

p. 180.)

. Haer. ad fl, Magdalene.

4. Pharmacosycea Guyanensis, n. sp.; ramis glabris levibus, -
ramulis nascentibus circa stipularum basi hirtello-annulatis,
cæterum pedunculis receptaculisque scabro-puberulis, foliis breviter
petiolatis oblongis vel obovato-oblongis obtuso-apiculatis vix
subacuminatis basi acutis vel obtusis integerrimis crasse cori-
aceis supra nitidis levibus subtus pallidis asperulo-punctulatis
utrinque glabris, e nervo medio basi trinervulo utrinque 8-10
costulatis, costulis pallidis ante marginem arcuato-junctis aliisque
tenuioribus prominentibus et reticulatis, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis —
convolutis subeoriaceis petiolos æquantibus glabris, receptaculis —
longe pedunculatis globosis basi involucro subtriphyllo sustentis. -

Has. in Demerara, (Parker! im Hb. Hook.)

Ph. Radule maxime affinis, sed notis indicatis, si sibi constant, Ee

distineta. Rami petiolique fuscescentes, hi 1-1} cent. longi, epi-
dermide mox rimosa. Folia rigida, utrinque in sicco pallida, .

supra levissima, subtus tactu asperiuscula, nec tamen evidenter - |

punctulata, 7-13 cent. longa, 3-5 lata, plerumque zequilateraliter

oblonga. Stipulæ 1-14 cent. longe, tereti-convolute rigide. ——

—.— Pedunculi 1-2 cent. longi, solitarii, tenues, scabro-puberuli et -
: — ner D. *

68 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

tudine, ore bracteis parvis clausa, basi bracteis 3 latis parvis
obtusis ima basi sub-cohærentibus instructa. Mores mixti longe
pedicellati bracteolati, adhuc juveniles. Fem. basi bi-tri-bracteo-
lati, bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis ; perigonii phyllis 5 lanceolato-
linearibus subæqualibus. Ovarium subsessile, infra apicem styli-
ferum, s/y/o vix exserto in stigma inæqualiter bicrure terminato.
Masc. nondum bene efformati, perigonio diphyllo? phyllis subval-
vatis parvis concavis antheram subsessilem parvam includentibus.

5. Pharmacosycea perforata, n. sp.; glabra, foliis longiuscule
petiolatis lanceolato oblongis attenuato-acutis, basi acuta tri-
nerviis et utrinque 10-12-costulatis integerrimis lævibus utrinque
minute punctulatis subtus pallidis, costis ante marginem conflu-
entibus venulisque interpositis subpatulis prominulis, receptaculis
axillaribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis globosis glabris levibus
basi involucro tripartito sustentis, ore pervio bracteis uniserialibus
marginato.

Has. Rio. (Graham! in Hb. Hook.)

Ab Ph. anthelmintica differt costis paucioribus et vena inter
singulas costas interposita iis breviore sed etiam prominula nec
tamen prope margines arcuato-confluente, receptaculis in supp.
solitariis distinctius pedunculatis, perigonii phyllis haud ciliatis,
in utroque sexu 4, in fl. masc. latioribus, pistilli rudimento de-
ficiente, stigmate unicruri.

Ramuli fuscescentes stipularum cicatrice marginati. Folia con- ——
ferta, petiolis fuscescentibus tenuibus semiteretibus antice canalicu- — —
latis 2-3 cent. longis sustenta, 11-15 cent. longa, 41-5 lata, ——
supra saturate viridia, subtus glaucescentia, versus margines sub-
reticulata, basi fere breviter triplinervia. S#ipule lineari-lanceo-
latæ attenuato-acuminatæ, subcoriaceæ, glabra, leves, subconvolutze
li-2 cent. longe. Receptacula piso paullo majora, peduuculum
. tenuem duplo superantia, intus sub ore bracteata, floribus mixtis,
sed masc. tamen presertim superioribus. Perigonia coriacea ——
fusca; fim. tetraphylla, phyllis lanceolatis obsolete uninerviis basi —
in brevem pedicellum coeuntibus subæqualibus, concavis. Ovarium ———
sessile oblique obovatum, stydo ex apice laterali in rhaphin ventra- ; +
m decurrente Muse vienes lineari-lanceolato ue muri-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 69 .

culato. Achenia crassa albidula, obovata inæquilatera. Mase.
perigonio obovato tetrophyllo, phyllis obovatis concavo-inflexis
pedicello brevi, basi bracteolis binis oppositis lanceolatis stipato.
Stamina 2, filamenta brevia, anthere oblonge, connectivo crasso
nigricante, loculis antice adnatis pallidis punctatis. Pistilli rudi-
mentum nullum.

Pharmacosycea perforata, var. angustifolia, an species? Foliis
lanceolatis attenuato-acutis trinerviis et utrinque 10—12-costulatis,
receptaculis brevissime pedunculatis quandoque geminis.

Has. San Romao, Prov. Minas Geraes, 1840. (Gardner, n
5181!) “A fine large tree.” (Claussen! ibid.)

Primo adspectu a præcedenti diversissima, sed paullo accu-
ratius inspecta foliis tantum minoribus angustioribusque et recep-
taculis brevius pedunculatis diversa esse videtur. Petioli 1-3
cent. longi tenues vix fuscescentes. Folia 9-12 cent. longa, 3—4
lata, costis magis opproximatis parallelis subtus prominulis prope
marginem confluentibus venisque parallelis interpositis. Stipula
- longior, scilicet 34 cent. æquans, anguste lanceolata subcomplicata,
concava, coriacea, glabra, sursum valde attenuata et leviter cur-
vata. Pedunculi 1-3 mm. longi. Receptacula pisi magnitudinis
ore vel aperto vel clauso, prouti bracteæ inflexæ vel imbricatæ sint.

6. Pharmacosycea obtusiuscula, n. sp.; glabra, foliis modice
petiolatis ellipticis æquilateris vel inæquilateris apice subattenuato
obtusiusculis basi acutiusculis subpergamaceis, supra saturate -

subtus pallide viridibus utrinque glabris levibus quam minu- ——

tissime albido-punctulatis, basi subtrinervulis ceterum utrinque ———
10 fere 15-costulatis, costulis subpatulis ante marginem obsolete —
confluentibus cum venulis interpositis tenuissimis subtus promi-
nulis vix perspicue reticulatis, receptaculis ida. — basi
in brevem stipitem constrictis.
Has. In sylvis ad fl. Itabyre Bahiæ, in Dec., (Mart. n. s
Quoad folia prope Ph. adhatodæfoliam et POE m c

Folia 11-12 cent. longa, 41-5 lata. Receptacula piso paullo —

majora, pariete tenui, ore parvo minutis bracteis haud appressis |
clauso, intus fl. fuscis obtecta. - Perigonia 4-phylla, ovario dimi- |
Lampe ms dioi in pe filiforme: simplex

70 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLE FICUUM.

7. Pharmacosycea adhatodæfolia. (Ficus adhatodsefolia, Schott,
in Spreng. Syst. Veg. 10. Append. p. 409, teste Spec. Hort.
Monac.) | Glabra, folis modice petiolatis oblongis utrinque acu-
tiusculis tenuiter coriaceis e nervo medio pallido subtus prominente
basi tri-vel subquinquenerviis utrinque circiter 12-costatis, costis
patentibus prope marginem arcuato-adscendentibus et plerumque
confluentibus, aliisque tenuioribus iis interpositis.

Has. in Brasilia, (Schot.! Martius!)

Ph. anthelmintice simillima, sed ex foliorum costis verisimi-
liter bene distincta. Petioli antice subplani 8, folia 15 cent.
longa.

Observ. Ab hac Ficus oblongata, Kth. et Bouché, Ind. Sem.
hort. berol. 1826, non multum differre videtur.

8. Pharmacosycea vermifuga. (Ficus anthelminthica, Mart.
Herb.) Glabra, folis modice petiolatis lato-ellipticis acutiusculis
basi rotundata emarginatis vel leviter subcordatis æquilateris
denticulato-repandis tenuiter coriaceis utrinque levibus subtus
pallidis, e nervo medio albicante basi subquinquenerviis et utrinque
10—12-costulatis, costulis patulis tenuibus ante marginem exten-
uatis et confluentibus, stipulis lanceolatis elongatis, receptaculis
axillaribus solitariis vel geminis pedunculatis glabris basi invo-
lucre tripartito cinctis.

Has. in monte Corcovado ad Sebastianopolin, Sept. et Qui
(Mart.!)

Arbor magna, a præcedentibus foliorum forma facile init |
Petioli 23-2 cent. longi semiteretes antice canaliculati. Folia
supra læte viridia, sub lente quandoque atomulis albidis inspersa
attamen levia 12-13 cent. longa, 6-71 lata. Pedunculi 1-14
cent. longi. Receptacula valde juvenilia piso paullo majora.

9. Pharmacosycea grandeva. (Ficus grandæva, Mart. Hb.
Ficus atrovirens, Schott, teste Mart.) Glabra, folis longiuscule
petiolatis lato-oblongis breviter obtusiuscule acuminatis basi ob-

tusis vel rotundatis haud emarginatis integerrimis marginatis, ——
adultis crasse coriaceis subtus pallidis punctulatis, e nervo medio —

subtus crasso basi 5-nerviis et utrinque 10-12-costatis, costis a

© patulis prominentibus, presertim superioribus paullo remotius a -

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 71

margine bifido-arcuato-confluentibus, aliisque tenuioribus promi-
nenter reticulatis, petiolis crassis, receptaculis axillaribus globosis
sessilibus? solitaris? glabris.

Has. in sylvis ad fl. Amazonium Prov. Rio Negro, (Mart. !
in Nov.)

Petio 3—4 cent. longi, crassi, in sicco valde rugosi. Folia
20-24 cent. longa, 8-104 lata. Receptacula matura, cerasi magn. ;
achenia oblonga subæquilatera uno latere subsulcata, crustacea,
dura, albida.

In sp. culto Horti Monac. petioli longiores tenuiores, folia
coriacea, basi angustata 8-nervia, et nervi omnes tenues, quod EV
equidem e cultura. G

10. Pharmacosycea Zawrifolia, n. sp.; glabra, foliis modice
petiolatis oblongis æquilateris breviter subabrupte et acute acumi-
natis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis integerrimis pergamaceo-coriaceis
levibus epunctatis utrinque circiter 10-costulatis, costulis alternis
tenuibus subpatulis ante marginem confluentibus, venulis nume-
rosis teneris subprominulis et subreticulatis, receptaculis axillaribus
pedunculatis solitariis? globosis basi tribracteatis.

Has. in sylvis secus fl. Japura Prov. Rio Negro, Dec., (Mart. !)

Inter congeneres costulis tenuibus paucioribus et dissitis statim
distincta. Petioli 1-2 cent., folia 14-16 cent. longa, 53—6 cent.
lata, sub lente margine lævi cincta et reticulata, nudo oculo costas =
tantum obferentia. Receptacula pisi magnitudinis pedunculis
brevibus sustenta; flores exigui, sed perigonia fusca video.

Exstat sp. alioquin haud diversum, sed costulis paullo spas
oribus insigne. |

ll. Pharmacosycea Parkeriana, n. sp.; glabra huit foliis
breviter petiolatis ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis modice subab-
rupte oblique obtusiuscule acuminatis, basi acutis obtusiusculis
raro subcuneatis, subtrinerviis et utrinque 10-12-costulatis et
subtus reticulatis venosisque crasse coriaceis, stipulis ovato-lanceo- -
latis convolutis coriaceis glabris, receptaculis axillaribus breviter |
pedunculatis globosis basi 3-bracteatis glabris, ore bracteis latius- -
culis st amirinti cuum ad. pe nimm

12 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

Has. in Demerara, (Parker ! in Hb. Hook.)

Ramorum ramulorumque cortex levigatus pallidus parce rugosus.
Petioli 1-2 cent. longi crassi antice sulcati, in vivo forsan colorati.
Folia crassa, in sicco rigida, supra lævissima nervo medio costisque
subpatulis parallelis confertis ante margines arcuato-conjunctis
notata, subtus his venulisque interpositis et crebro at tenuiter re-
ticulatis vulgo parallelis instructa, æquilatera vel et inæquilatera,
majora oblongo- minora obovato-elliptica, integerrima margme
levi quandoque undulato-repandula, 8-14 cent. longa, 34-6 lata.
Stipule 1 cent. superantes. Receptacula pisi magnitudinis, pe-
dunculum paullo superantia, intus bracteolata et dense florifera.
Bracteole et perigonia. foem. 4—partita fusca coriacea. Achenia
pallida crustacea. Reliqua distinguere haud potui.

Observ. Num ad hanc vel saltem hujus generis. Ficus blanda,
Kth. et Bouché, 7. p. 16. (F. lucida, Hort. berol. nec Ait.) ?

12. Pharmacosycea? Peruviana, n. sp. ; ramis levibus, ramulis
pilis tenerrimis appressis fugacibus inspersis, foliis modice petiolatis

lato-ellipticis æquilateris abrupte breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi —

æquali rotundatis trinervulis et utrinque 6—10-costulatis-venu-
lisque pluribus interpositis tenere reticulatis, stipulis parvis lanceo-
latis convolutis rigidis coriaceis, receptaculis globosis glabris.

Has. Peruvio (Mathews! n. 2061 in Hb. Hook.)

Ob receptacula prorsus destructa in genere dubia. Petioli
1-1} cent. longi antice canaliculati. Folia 11-18 cent. longa,
6 lata, coriacea epunctata, levia, glaberrima. Séipule petiolum
fere æquantes. Perigonia fusca; achenia albida "uim sub-
æqualia.

III. PocoNorRoPHE.

Flores in receptaculo globoso Wasi tribracteato intus pilosis-
simo monoici vel dioici (?), ebracteolati, sessiles vel pedicellati.
Fem. Perigonium tetra-penta-phyllum. Ovarium gynophoro brevi —
vel nullo, s/7/o ex apice laterali crasso, stigmate obliquo carinato- —
= lanceolato muriculato. Mase. superiores conformes tetraphylli
. diandri, filamentis brevibus, antheris linearibus connectivo apicu- —

—— latis.— Frutices arboresve in India orientali indigenæ, glabræ vel —

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 73

hirsute, foliis alternis breviter vel longe petiolatis oblongis rotun-
datisve, receptaculis axillaribus geminis vel solitariis peduncu-
latis vel sessilibus, floribus inter pilos densos rigidulos nitentes fere
absconditis. |

1. Pogonotrophe Assamica, n. sp. Foliis longe petiolatis lato-
vel obovato-ellipticis breviter acuminatis integerrimis vel sursum
repando-denticulatis glabriusculis, receptaculis axillaribus geminis
longe pedunculatis.

Has. Assam. (Herb. Hook. !)

Rami fusci levigati glabri; im ramulis nascentibus petiolis
foliisque junioribus subtus pili sparsi longiusculi molles fugaces.

Folia alterna longa petiolata lato-vel obovato-elliptica vel ovata
æquilatera breviter acuminata, alia basi acuta, alia rotundata vel
subemarginata, sursum denticulato-repanda vel prorsus integerrima,
membranacea, subtus pallida, 16—18 cent. longa, 12 lata, petiolis
fuscescentibus sursum quandoque squamulosis, 8—12 cent. longis.
Pedunculi ? cent. longi, compressi. Receptacula (flor.) globosa,
cerasi magnitudinis, levia, glabra, ore prominulo bracteis ovatis
puberulo-hirtellis clauso, basi tribracteata, dracteis membranaceis
parvis glabriusculis deciduis, intus pilis setosis rigidis griseis
longis circa flores regulariter dispositis imaque basi fere adhzerenti-
bus instructa. FV. ftem. Perigonium 5-phyllum, phyllis lanceolatis
subæqualibus fuscis. Ovarium gynophoro brevi suffultum, obli- —
quum, s/j/o crassiusculo sursum patule hispidulo, stigmate clavato — =
carnosulo tenuiter muriculato, subinde serius apice par S.
Flores mase. non vidi. i3

2. Pogonotrophe? Æmodi. (Ficus Emodi, Wallich, n. 4515.)

Has. Gossain Than.

Folia longe petiolata ovato-cordata acuta, lobis baseos odd |
sinu lato diremptis, quinquengrvia et utrinque 8-costata, mem-
branacea, subtus pallida, rarissime tenera pilosula, sed mox glabra, -
supra glaberrima nitida, 20 cent. longa. Petioli 10-15 cent.
longi. Zeceptacula desunt, sed propter habitum prorsus nai
huc relata. -

3. Pogonotrophe vagans. (Ficus vagans, Roxb. FI. Ind. LL €. p.
537. Wight Prod. PI. Ind. Or. Vol. at Pob Hb) Prion

| VOL. VII. ae B

pt aie et utrmque circiter 4-costatis, costis. pesupape.

14 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

scandens radicans, foliis longe petiolatis latis lato-ovatis acuminatis
basi leviter cordatis 3-5-nerviis costulatisque integerrimis subtus
pilosis, receptaculis axillaribus pedunculatis geminis vel solitariis
glabris obovato-globosis basi tribracteatis.

Has. Chittagong. (Roxb. 1. c.)

Reliqua conf. L ce. Fl. fom. tantum vidit; stylum clavatum
dicit, sed ex icone stylus brevis apparet, stigmate incrassato emar-
ginato, ex R. perforato.

4. Pogonotrophe macrocarpa ; (Ficus macrocarpa, R. Wight,
MSS.) Ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus pubescentibus, his
sensim glabratis longe petiolatis ovatis æquilateris vel inzequilateris
anguste subabrupte acuminatis, basi æquali-rotundatis 3—raro
5-nerviis et utrinque 2—3—costulatis supra fugaciter puberulis.

Has. India Orient. Pulney-mountains, (Wight !)

A P. vaganti notis propositis satis distincta videtur.

5. Pogonotrophe Wightiana, n. sp. Ramis glabris radicanti-
bus, ramulis petiolisque subsericeo-puberulis, folis breviuscule
petiolatis ovatis abrupte obtusiuscule acuminatis, basi æquali
leviter cordatis integerrimis membranaceis supra glabris subtus
pilis fugacibus inspersis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter 3—costulatis,
subtus pallidis et tenere crebro-reticulatis, receptaculis globosis
subpedunculatis.

Has. India Or. (Wight !)

Statura minore, glabritie foliorum cet. a P. vaganti et P.
macrocarpa recedit.

6. Pogonotrophe rigida, n.sp. Foliis modice petiolatis ovatis
acuminatis, acumine obtusiusculo, integerrimis inde a basi utrinque
6—7—costatis glabris rigide coriaceis utrinque levibus, receptaculis
axillaribus breviter pedunculatis obovato-globosis levibus, basi
bracteis 3 circumscisse deciduis. j

Has. Java. (Lobb in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 14-2, folia 17 cent. longa, 10 lata, pilis fugacibus ex-
ceptis glaberrima, costis æquidistantibus. x

T. Pogonotrophe dasyphylla, n. sp. Foliis ovatis æquilateris —

abrupte lineari-acuminatis, basi leviter cordatis, tri-vix quingpe. 4

A

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 75

positis, supra glabriusculis lævibus subtus petiolis ramulis stipulis
receptaculisque rubiginoso-vel cinereo-tomentosis.

Has. Ceylon. (Walker! n. 1387.) :

Petioli 5-6 cent. longi, densissime tomentosi, state glabres-
centes. Folia 22 cent. longa, 13-16 lata, nervo costisque subtus
, in sicco rubiginoso-hirtis, reliqua parte cinereo-tomentosa. Re-
` ceptacula cum pedunculo 1-} cent. longo vulgo lutescenti-tomen-
tosa, basi Zracteis 3 concavis acutis parvis patulis instructa, ore
óracteis 3 imbricatis tecto, adulta 2-3 cent. in diam., intus pilis
albis rigidis fasciculatim inter fl. foem. dispositis plena. Perigonii
phylla fusca.

8. Pogonotrophe Colis, n. sp. Ramulis, pedunculis, recep-
taculis fuscescenti-hirsutis, foliis ovatis æquilateris abrupte lineari-
acuminatis, basi leviter cordatis, marginibus subrepandis vel
prorsus integerrimis, supra lævibus in nervis junioribus pilosulis
cæterum serius glabris, subtus subscabriuscule puberulo-subhir-
tellis 3-vel sub-5-nerviis et inde a medio 2—3-costulatis et reticu-
lato-anastomosantibus coriaceo-membranaceis, receptaculis axilla-
ribus geminis pedunculatis basi tribracteatis globosis hirsutis.

Has. Ceylon. (Walker!) ——

Preecedenti omnino proxima, attamen pubescentia et nervatione
statim dignoseenda. Receptacula intus dense setosa.

9. Pogonotrophe Javana, n. sp. Ramulis, pedunculis, recepta-
culis, petiolis, foliisque subtus in nervis majoribus tomentello- -
pubescentibus, foliis lato-subovato-ellipticis æquilateris apice ob- —
tusis vel rotundatis basi leviter emarginatis vel truncatis integer-
rimis, marginibus leviter revolutis rigide coriaceis usque ad 1 alt. -
trinerviis et utrinque 3—4-costatis, supra aspero-punctatis subtus
inter nervos majores scabriusculis, receptaculis axillaribus vel -
supra cicatrices foliorum geminis pedunculatis obovato-globosis
basi involucro 3-partito sustentis molliter gem ore cu mof
setulis pallidioribus occluso. p.

Has. Java. (Lobb in Hb. Hook.) deer

Rami vetustiores leves glabri ; juniores "— E.
Petioli 13-2 cent. Folia 7-10 longa, 5-7 lata. — 2
eA: centimetrum vix sequantes. Pedunculi: I cent. longi

x F ? ro

76 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

crassi. Receptacula 14 cent. in diam., intus piloso-setulosa. Peri-
gonia pallide fusca.

10. Pogonotrophe phæopoda, n. sp. (diff. a prec. fol. subtus
molli-tomentosulis, recept. subsessilibus.) Ramulis petiolisque mol-
liter pubescentibus, foliis modice petiolatis ovato-vel lato-ellipticis
obtusis vel subacutis, basi rotundatis vix leviter emarginatis, rigido-
coriaceis integerrimis marginibus leviter revolutis trinerviis et
utrinque 3—4-costulatis, supra nitidis scabro-asperrimis in nervo
subhirtellis subtus glauco-incanis, stipulis parvis ovatis convolutis
villosis, receptaculis geminis confertis sessilibus vel breviter pedun-
culatis subglobosis basi tribracteatis puberulis intus setosis,
acheniis ovato-subacuminatis.

Has. Java. (Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 1-14, folia 5-8 cent. longa, 6 lata. Receptacula
1-12 cent. in a, Perigonii phylla lineari-lanceolata pallide
fusca.

11. Pogonotrophe reticulata, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis-pedun-
culis, foliisque subtus in nervis hirtello-pubescentibus, his modice
petiolatis oblongis vel ovato-oblongis acute apiculatis basi rotun-
datis vix emarginatis æquilateris integerrimis vel obsolete repandulis
crasse coriaceis trinerviis costulisque 6—8 crassiusculis venulisque
pluribus subtus valde reticulatis supra glabris nitidis, receptaculis
pedunculatis et axillis defoliatis solitariis? globoso-ovatis basi tri-
bracteatis puberulis.

Has. Ryne Ral, Indiz borealis. (Dr. 7. Thomson, in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 1-13, folia 8-12 cent. longa, 3-6 lata. :

12. Pogonotrophe pubigera, (Ficus pubigera, Wall. n. 4518.)
Ramulis petiolis foliisque utrinque presertim subtus in nervis
floccoso-pubescentibus glabrescentibus, his modice petiolatis
oblongis longe et oblique acuminatis basi æquali rotundatis
integerrimis membranaceis trinerviis et utrinque 4—5-venuloso-
costulatis obsolete reticulatis axillaribus breviter pedunculatis soli-
tariis vel geminis? ovato-globosis dense tomentellis basi bracteis
3 glabriusculis suffultis.

Has. in Nepalia inferiore. (Wallich!) —

Rami glabri leves, haud plane VHS ; ramuli dio 1

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 77

centes. Pefioli 11-2 cent., folia 14-16 cent. longa, 5-6 lata. .
Stipula lanceolate dense tomentellæ 1 cent. circiter longæ. Re-
ceptacula pedunculis brevibus aliquot millim. longis puberulis sus-
tenta, adhuc juvenilem pisum circiter æquantia, nunc dense sub-
ochraceo-tomentella, serius forsan glabrata.

18. Pogonotrophe verrucosa, n. sp. Ramis glabris, mE
petiolis receptaculis junioribus foliisque subtus in nervo hirtellis
glabrescentibus, his modice petiolatis ovato vel sublanceolato-
oblongis abrupte longiuseule acuminatis, basi rotundatis integer-
rimis vel versus apicem vix repandis, coriaceis trinerviis et utrinque
4—6 costatis venosis subtusque reticulatis glaucescentibus, recep-
taculis subsessilibus solitariis subobovatis basi 3 bracteatis verru-
cosis.

Has. Assam, Khatiga. (Hb. Hook.!) Folia 10-16 cent. Ten

Tas. A. Pogonotrophe verrucosa; folium et a receptaculum,
n.m. ; 2, flos masc. ; c, stamina; d, fl. fem. cum pilis circumpositis ;
é, pistillum, n.m.

14. Pogonotrophe glandulifera. (Ficus glandulifera, Wa.
n. 4487.) Ramulis, petiolis pedunculis receptaculisque (auran-
tiaco-) hirtellis, foliis modice petiolatis oblongis abrupte breviter
acuminatis, basi rotundatis, æquilateris, integerrimis, junioribus,
in nervo medio presertim, utrinque hirtellis, receptaculis axillaribus
solitariis vel geminis breviter pedunculatis subglobosis basi sub-
constricta tribracteatis.

- Has. Penang. (Hb. Wall. !) à

Rami cito glabrati leves. Petioli 14-2 cent. longi; pe ad- :
huc juniora 6-7 longa, 34 lata, trinervia et utrinque 4-5 costulata. -
Stipule parve elliptico-lanceolate concave dorso sericez. Æecep- -
tacula axillaria et supra foliorum delapsorum cicatrices, subglobosa -
sericeo-hirtella (nascentia), intus sub ore bracteis occlusa, ceterum. :
pilis longis sericeis plane repleta, inter quos florum primordia. —
.. 15. Pogonotrophe ? foveolata. (Ficus foveolata, Wall. n. 4493.)
Ramulis petiolis pedunculis receptaculisque junioribus puberulo-
hirtellis (subaurantiacis), foliis modice petiolatis ovato-oblongis
oblongisve acuminatis, basi rotundatis integerrimis vel subun-
dulato-repandis subtrinerviis et indue donee sub-

78 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

coriaceis subglabris subtus pallidis et sub lente dense crassiuscule
reticulatis sublacunoso-punctatis, receptaculis solitariis (et geminis)
longiuscule pedunculatis supra cicatrices foliorum ovatis basi tri-
bracteatis.

Has. Nepaliam. (Wallich!) Specimina ex aliis stationibus
indicata, inter qu; cum? etiam Ficus Lodoocea, Hb. Roxb. et
var. elegans, Wall. haud vidi.

Rami cito glabrati. Petioli l- fere 2 cent., folia 12-15 cent.
longa, 5-6 lata, subtus circiter 10—12 costulis patulis ad marginem
confluentibus et prominule reticulatis notata, sub lente quasi lacu-

nosa. Stipule fere 1 cent. longæ ovato-lanceolate acuminate
dorso hirtelle deciduæ. Pedunculi 1-14 cent., receptacula juniora

1 cent. longa, intus sub ore bracteis occlusa, cæterum floribus
fuscis, sed maximam partem destructis obtecta, qui pilis sed ad-
huc parvis discriminati sunt.

Observ. Ab hac non multum differre videtur illa Ficus Lu-
ducea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 534, ex Dosa Indize, a me non visa.

16. Pogonotrope? ribesioides. (Ficus ribesioides, Wall. Last.
n. 4522.) Ramulis petiolis foliisque junioribus subtus in nervis
hirtellis sensim glabrescentibus, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo-
lanceolatis obtuso-apiculatis, basi rotundata trinerviis et utrinque
3-5 costulatis subtus reticulatis glabris coriaceis integerrimis,
receptaculis axillaribus solitariis? sessilibus glabris.

Has. Singapur. (Wail. !)

In genere adhuc dubia. Petioli fere 3 cent., folia 1-9 cent.
longa, 24-84 lata.

(Zo be continued.)

Contributions towards a Fiona or BRaziL, being the distinctive
characters of some new species of Composit, belonging to the
tribe Asteroipem. By Grorce Garpner, F.L.S., Superintend-
ent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.

(Continued from Vol. V1. p. 463.)

t Aster. Nees. |
p 49232. Ades: (4ipigeni) longipes; foliis radicalibus obovato-

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 79

oblongis obtusis basi cuneato-attenuatis triplinerviis integerrimis

hirsutis demum glabratis, scapo foliis multo longiore angulato

glabro squamoso, involucri squamis linearibus acutis ciliatis
l-nerviis, achzeniis pilosis.
Has. Dry Campos near the foot of the Serra de Piedade, Pro-

vince of Minas Geraés. Sept., 1840.

Herba perennis. Folia radicalia 14-2 poll. longa, 3-44, lin. lata.
Scapus subpedalis, sparsè squamosus, l-cephalus. Capitulum mul-
tiflorum, radiatum. Involucrum sub-3-seriale. Receptaculum nu-
dum, punctatum. Flores radii elongati, uniseriales, ligulati, fœ-
minei, purpurei: tubo elongato, piloso : stylus cylindraceus, basi
bulbosus, bifidus, ramis linearibus obtusis marginibus incrassatis.
Flores disci tubulosi, hermaphroditi, glabri: antheræ flavæ, ecau-
datæ : stylus cylindraceus, ramis angusté linearibus, extus puberulis.
Achznium obovatum, compressum, marginatum, pilosum. Pappus
pilosus, persistens, biserialis, setis. scabridis subinæqualibus,
-ezeterum inter se similibus.

This species of Aster does not seem very nearly related to
any hitherto described, but evidently belongs to the section
Alpigeni of Nees.

4237. A. (Alpigeni) camporum; caule erecto simplici vel subramoso
folioso villoso, ramis l-cephalis, foliis sessilibus oblongo-lineari-

bus obtusis versus apicem minuté denticulatis villosis striatis

reticulatis, involucri squamis 3-serialibus lineari-lanceolatis acutis — —

l-nerviis pubescentibus margine scariosis ciliatis laxis disco sub- —

æqualibus, ligulis linearibus disco duplo longioribus, achreniis d

_ hispidis. |
Has. Open Campos near Nossa Senhora d’ Abadia, Serra Geral, 2

- Province of Goyaz. May, 1840. 1

Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, 4c 4 cllicamd.
Folia 6-8 lin. longa, 14 lin. lata. Capitulum multiflorum, radiatum. —
Receptaculum planum, nudum. Flores radii elongati uniseriales, -
ligulati, feminei, albi: tubo subpiloso: stylus cylindraceus, basi
bulbosus, bifidus, ramis obtusis. Flores disci tubulosi, hermaphro- z
diti, 5-dentati, dentibus extus pilosiuseulis : anthere ecaudatæ :

stylus cylindraceus, ramis linearibus, obtusis, penis Achænium

80 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

oblongum, compressum, piloso-hispidum. Pappus pilosus, per-
sistens, biserialis, setis scabridis subinæqualibus cæterum inter se
similibus.

« The only two specimens which I possess of this plant are both
in rather a young state, but the flowers are perfectly developed.

"In both there is the rudiment of a branch in the axil of a leaf about — :

the middle of the stem. The old plant may therefore be slightly
branched. The radical leaves, if any exist, I have not seen, and
those at the base of the stem are of a scaly nature.

ERIGERON, Jinn.

4923. E. (Huerigeron) scaberrimum; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso
sulcato-striato pubero-scabrido, foliis radicalibus longè petiolatis,
caulinis sessilibus amplexicantibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis
grossé mucronato-dentatis utrinque setulis densis aspero-scabris,
summis multo minoribus inciso-serratis, capitulis ad apices ramu-
lorum solitariis corymbosis, involucri squamis lanceolatis acumi-
natis striatis extus dense setoso-tomentosis margine membrana-
ceis, ligulis disco duplo et ultra longioribus.

Has. In marshy Campos near Villa do Principe, Province of Minas

à. Geraës. Aug., 1840.

Herba 6-pedalis. Folia radicalia sesquipedalia, 3—33 poll. lata.
Ligulæ anguste, lineares, apice 2—3-dentatz, albæ, 9 lin. longæ.
Corolle disci flavæ. Anthere ecaudatæ. Achænium compressum,

. margine costatum, glabrum. Pappus rufescens. `.

This species agrees in habit with Æ. sulcatum, DC., and with

my Z. alpestre and palustre, differing from them principally in its
.. very scabrous leaves, the upper ones inciso-serrated, and in its sca-
. brously tomentose involucral scales.

`

PLATYSTEPHIUM, Genus novum.

* Char. Gen. Capitulum multiflorum, radiatum, floribus radii uni-
seriatis, , ligulatis, fcemineis, disci tubulosis hermaphroditis. Tn-
HUmoneram papanpis, biseriale, squamis tanaeilaties ann.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 81

Receptaculum conicum, nudum. Styli radii valdè exserti, bifidi,
ramis obtusis, disci inclusi breviter bilobi, lobis complanatis ob-
tusis. Achenia oblonga, compressiuscula, margine leviter costata,
sparsè pilosa, apice truncata, in disco magno dilatata, pappo
coroniformi instructa.— Herba Brasiliensis, Grangeæ facie,
odorata, annua, dichotomo-ramosa; foliis alternis, sessilibus, bast
biauriculatis, bipinnatifidis, lobis obtusis mucronatis ; capitulis
solitariis, hemisphericis, in pedunculis oppositifoliis.

1739 et 2651. Platystephium graveolens, Gardn.

Has. In the dried up sandy beds of streams near Icó, Province of
Ceará (1739), and in shady sandy places near Paranagoa, Pro-
vince of Piauhy (2651). Fl. July—Oct.

Descr. Herba annua, dichotomo-ramosa, subpedalis. Rami
teretes, striati, villoso-hirsuti, foliosi. Folia alterna, sessilia, basi
amplexicaulia, obtusa, bipinnatifido-lobata, lobis latis obtusis
mucronatis utrinque hirsutis, sesquipollicaria, 8-10 lin. lata.
Pedunculi oppositifolii, teretes, villosi, 3 lin. longi. Capitula
solitaria, multiflora, 3 lin. lata.

The plant on which I establish this genus has quite the habit of
Grangea, and agrees with it, besides, in several points of structure;
but the single series of ligulate florets prevents it from being asso-
ciated with the Baccharideæ, and removes it to the subtribe
Asterinee. ts characters otherwise resemble the Be//idez, and
its situation seems to be between Myriactis and Garuleum. The —
plant in all its parts has a powerful smell of Chamomile, and it w
used as a substitute for it by the inhabitants of the districts in
which it grows.

Baccuaris, Linn.

Sect. Trinervate. eae

4918.1. B. inamæna ; suffruticosa, caulibus erectis simplicissimis
angulato-sulcatis versus apicem subfanuginoso-villosis, foliis alter-
nis petiolatis membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis trinerviis utrinque
subacutis apice mucronatis margine revolutis integerrimis suprà
subresinoso-nitidis glabriusculis subtus sparsè villosis pallidis
in i wa p ape

82 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

involucri campanulati squamis glabriusculis imbricatis, exteriori-

bus ovalibus obtusis membranaceis, interioribus linearibus longi-

oribus apice ciliatis.

Has. In dry Campos near Morro Velho, Province of Minas Geraés.
Sept., 1840.

Suffrutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata. Pe-
tioli 3 lin. longi, basi lanuginosi. Flores masculi tubulosi, profundé
5-fidi, laciniis revolutis: antheræ exserte: stylus apice bifidus,
abortivus. Pappus rufescens.

Apparently near B. venusta, H.B.K., which those authors say
is allied to B. trinervis, Pers.

4900,1. B. /anuginosa; herbacea vel suffruticosa, caulibus erectis
simplicibus striatis densé cinereo-lanuginosis, foliis alternis ses-
silibus ovato-lanceolatis basi dilatatis truncatis apice long? attenu-
atis acutis margine integris revolutis trinerviis supra villoso-
tomentosis subtus cinereo-lanuginosis, paniculis termimalibus
elongatis oblongis densis, capitulis feemineis pedicellatis, invo-
lucri campanulati squamis lanceolatis acuminatis 1-nerviis extus
villoso-tomentosis, achzeniis oblongis 5-costatis puberulis.

Has. Dry bushy places between Villa do Principe and Cocaés,
Province of Minas Geraés. Aug., 1840.

Caules plures ex eadem radice, 3—5-pedales, erecti, dni foliosi.
Folia 1 poll. longa, 4 lin. lata. Capitula foem. 6 lin. longa. Flores
angusté tubulosi, apice 5-dentati. Stylus exsertus, bifidus, ramis
acutis. Pappus albus, involucro multo longior.

Very distinct from any described species, and certainly belonging
to De Candolle’s first section. The plant has a remarkable appear-
ance when growing, from its elongated dense panicles, and very
long white pappus.

Sect. Cuneifoliz. |

—— B. truncata; fruticosa erecta ramosa glabra glutinosa, ramis
angulato-striatis, foliis breviter petiolatis obovatis basi subcune-
atis 3-nerviis apice truncatis obtusé 3-dentatis coriaceis inte-
gerrimis utrinque dens? resinoso-punctatis, capitulis masc. ad —

- apices ramulorum in axillis ultimis solitariis pedicellatis folio vix

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 83

brevioribus ovatis, involucri squamis exterioribus parvis ovatis

obtusis, interioribus oblongis obtusis disci longitudine.

Has. Open rocky places in the Diamond District. Aug., 1840.
Frutex 2-pedalis, ramosissimus. Folia 5-6 lin. longa, 31—4 lin.

lata. Flores masculi tubulosi, 5-fidi: antheræ vix exsertæ : stylus

clavatus, læviter bifidus, abortivus. Pappus albidus.

Allied to B. reticularis, DC. I regret that the number of this
plant has been lost,

4908. B. elliptica; fruticosa erecta ramosa glabra glutinosa, foliis .
brevissimé petiolatis ellipticis utrinque obtusis triplinerviis ultra
medium dentatis utrinque venosis suprà nitidis, capitulis foemi-
neis axillaribus solitariis ad apices ramulorum subcorymbosis
longé pedicellatis, pedicellis angulatis folio duplo fere longioribus,
capitulis magnis ovato-globosis, involucri squamis pluriserialibus
imbricatis oblongis obtusis concavis striatis, acheeniis oblongis
10-costatis breviter rostratis glabris. =

Has. Upland Campos, Diamond District. July, 1840.

^ Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 15-18 lin. longa, 9-10 lin. lata. Ca-

pitula 5 lin. longa. Flores feminei angustè tubulosi, apice 5-

dentati, Stylus exsertus, bifidus. Pappus albus, valdé deciduus,

cor, æqualis.

Related to B. Vauthieri, DC., and its allies, but well distin-
guished from them all by its long pedicels, large capitula, rostrate
achænium, and deciduous pappus. The leaves are scarcely, if at —
all, cuneate at the base: its affinities otherwise are wholly with
the cuneate division. ;
3838 et 4906. B. rivularis; fruticosa ramosa, ramulis ied ad

apicem cinereo-furfuraceo-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis

acutis basi longè cuneato-attenuatis triplinerviis grosse remotis-
que serrato-dentatis furfuraceis demum glabratis, pedunculis
axillaribus racemosis 6—10-cephalis, capitulis brevi-pedicellatis, —
involucri campanulati squamis margine scariosis ciliolatisque —
exterioribus ovatis acutis, interioribus linearibus vix acutis, ——

achæniis teretibus striatis glabris. — E
Has. Mazim af-atrenna in mood anil de iom, Province |

of Goyaz (3838), and near San Romao, plata denm

Geraés A ic) ers and a 1840.

84 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Frutex 6-pedalis, ramosus. Folia 3-44 poll. longa, 6-10 lin.
lata, grossé reticulato-venosa, venis utrinque prominulis. Pedun-
culi subpollicares. Pappus sordidé rufescens.

As a species this will range along with B. heterophylia, H.B.K.
'The leaves of the specimens from Minas are larger and more
coarsely toothed than those from Goyaz.

4912. B. ramosissima; fruticosa glabra viscosa, ramis teretibus
striatis, ramulis angulatis, foliis obovato-cuneatis in petiolum
attenuatis obtusissimis dentibus obtusis utrinque 4 suprà glutine
viscoso lucidis subtus minut? resinoso-punctatis triplinerviis,
capitulis masc. axillaribus solitariis pedicellatis folio vix longiori- —
bus ad apices ramulorum racemos foliaceos constantibus, invo-
lueri ovato-oblongi squamis obtusiusculis.

Has. Near Formigas, Province of Minas Geraés. July, 1840.
Frutex 6-pedalis, ramosissimus. Folia vix petiolata, 1-3 poll.

longa, 9-18 lin. lata, floralia multó minora. - Pappus rufescens.

Allied to B. retusa, DC., principally distinguished by its tripli-
nerved leaves.

4910. B. intermizta; fruticosa ramosa glabra, ramis teretibus
striatis, foliis obovato-lanceolatis acutis in petiolum cuneato-
attenuatis supra medium grossé serrato-dentatis tri-vel sub-
triplinerviis membranaceis, capitulis masc. axillaribus solitariis —
pedicellatis folio vix longioribus ad apices ramulorum in racemos — E
foliaceos congestis, involueri oblongi 7-flori squamis oblongo-
lanceolatis acutis.

Has. Bushy places near Cocaés, Province of Minas Geraés. Aug:
1840. |
Frutex 4-pedalis. Folia 21-3 poll. longa, 9-15 lin. lata, tenuiter —

venoso-reticulata, venis subtus prominulis. Pappus sordidé albidus.
Nearly akin to the preceding species, and differing from it by

its less branched habit, and membranous acute leaves, which are

besides neither viscous nor shining. +

3839 et 4913. B. varians; fruticosa sabes sabvinetio ramosa, ——
ramis striatis, foliis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis vel lineari- -
oblongis obtusis basi cuneato-attenuatis integris vel versus
apicem subdenticulatis tenuiter triplinerviis, capitulis axillaribus.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. ` 85

sessilibus ad apices ramulorum spicato-congestis oblongis, masc.

6-floris, fem. 10-floris, involucri squamis oblongo-lanceolatis

ciliatis, masc. acutis, foem. obtusis, acheeniis striatis glabris.

Has. In dry Campos near Villa de Arrayas, Province of Goyaz
(8839), and near Formigas, Province of Minas Geraés (4913).
April and July, 1840.

Frutex 3—4-pedalis. Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 1-3 lin, lata. Pappus
sordidé albidus vel rufescens.

This species ranges with B. pauciflosculosa, DC. In the
Goyaz plant the leaves are longer and narrower than in the
Minas one, and are occasionally dentate. The pappus of the
former is besides longer and whiter in the female flowers than in
the latter: in every other respect they are the same. —

4251. B. subcapitata ; fruticosa glabra subviscosa ramosa, ramulis
angulatis, foliis sessilibus oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis integer-
rimis tenuiter triplinerviis utrinque minuté resinoso-punctatis,
capitulis axillaribus sessilibus ad apices ramulorum subcapitato-
congestis ovato-oblongis, foem. 14-floris, involucri squamis ob-
longis obtusissimis ciliolatis, achzeniis striatis glabris.

Has. Dry upland Campos between Arrayas and San Domingos,
Provence of Goyaz. May, 1840.

Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 12-18 lin. longa, 3—6 lin. lata, vix
venosa. Pappus pallidè rufescens.

Allied to the last species, but very distinct.

Sect. Discolores.

4898. B. /yehnophora ; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus peduncu- -
lisque. cinereo-lanuginoso-tomentosis, foliis petiolatis lanceolatis
obtusis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis margine integerrimis
tenuiter revolutis penniveniis supra glabris nitidis eleganter -
reticulato-venosis subtus lanuginoso-tomentosis, panicula termi-
nali ramosissima polycephala subaphylla, involucri masc. cam-
panulati squamis pedicellisque ferragitsmtotiestont — :
linearibus obtusis ciliatis. - :

Has. Moist rocky places on the high mountains ET
Teit: n 1840. ? Qu

86 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Frutex 6-pedalis, Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata, coriacea.
Paniculæ 6—12-pollicares, ramosæ, ramis basi bracteatis sub-
foliaceis. Capitula 2 lin. longa. Pappus rufus.

Near B. ¢archonanthoides, DC., from which it is distinguished
by its more coriaceous entire leaves, which are, besides, much
more distinctly reticulated on the upper surface.

4901. B. oleifolia ; fruticosa, ramis teretibus striatis junioribus
hirsuto-tomentosis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis
obtusis vel acutiusculis basi attenuatis margine leviter revolutis
integerrimis suprà glabris nitidis reticulatis subtus densé villoso-
tomentosis, racemis axillaribus terminalibusque in panieulam
foliosam dispositis, capitulis pedicellatis, involucri masc. cam-
panulati squamis oblongis obtusis ciliatis, foem. ovati squamis
oblongo-lanceolatis acutis ciliatis, achzeniis striatis glabris.

Has. Bushy places in ravines, Diamond District. July, 1840.
Frutex 6-pedalis. Folia 12-18 lin. longa, 3-5 lin. lata. Ra-

cemi folio longiores, in feemineis magis conferti quam in masculis.

Pedicelli hirsuti, basi bracteati, bracteis parvis, subfoliaceis.

Pappus rufescens.

Sect. Oblongifoliz.

4900. B. recurvata ; fruticosa ramosa cano-villosa, ramis teretibus
striatis, ramulis recurvatis, foliis sessilibus lineari-oblongis acutis
versus apicem acutè 4—5-dentatis utrinque villosis penniveniis,
capitulis masc. ad axillas superiores sessilibus et ided in race-
mum foliosum digestis 18-20 floris, involucri squamis lisan
oblongis obtusissimis ad apicem ciliatis. |

Has. In marshy bushy places near Piranga, Province of Minas
Geraés. October, 1840.

Frutex 6-8-pedalis. Folia 12-15 lin. longa, 24-3 lin. lata.
Involucrum vix 3 lin. longum. Pappus rufescens.

Allied to P. dracunculifolia, DC., but characterized by its
recurved branches, villous and more numerously dentate leaves,
and obtuse involucral scales. The branches, having several -
branchlets at their apices, are somewhat paniculate in appearance. _
4915. B. bupleuroides; fruticosa, ramis teretibus striatis apice —

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 87

angulatis pilosiusculis demum glabris, foliis sessilibus oblongo-
linearibus obtusis calloso-mucronatis basi attenuatis versus
apicem calloso-denticulatis ad medium triplinerviis grossé reticu-
lato-venosis glabris, panicule terminalis corymbosæ laxæ ramis
ramulisque puberulis, capitulis masc. pedicellatis, involucri cam-
panulati squamis oblongis acutis ciliatis.

Has. In marshy bushy places, Diamond District. July, 1840.
Frutex 4—6-pedalis. Folia conferta, 4—5 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata.

Flores masculi numerosi, lutei: stylus abortivus, longé exsertus,
apice bifidus. Pappus rufescens.

Agrees in habit with B. Zigustrina, DC., differing from it by
its much larger triplinerved leaves.

2905 et 3296. B. subspathulata; fruticosa glabra, ramis teretibus
striatis junioribus angulatis, foliis sessilibus lineari-spathulatis
obtusis uninerviis integerrimis, capitulis fem. ad axillas su-
periores sessilibus confertis, involucri cylindracei squamis lineari-
lanceolatis acutis, achzeniis striatis glabris.

Has. In dry Campos in the district. of the Rio Preto, Province of
Pernambuco (2905), and near the mission of Duro, Province of
Goyaz (3296). Oct., 1839.

Frutex bipedalis. Folia 6-9 lin. longa, 1} lin. lata. Inyo-
lucrum 3 lin. longum. Pappus sordidus.

Near B. tenuifolia, DC., and perhaps not essentially distinct
from it, judging from the description ; but neither the leaves nor
the branches are viscous and shining in my plant, which they are
said to be in that of De Candolle.

4903. B. curvifolia ; fruticosa ramosa glabra viscosa, ramis tere- -
tibus striatis, foliis sessilibus linearibus acuminatis integerrimis
trinerviis, acumine reflexo, capitulis masc. ad apices ramulorum
in capitulum parvum foliosum dispositis. 5-floris, eken
oblongi squamis oblongis obtusis.

Has: Elevated rocky tracts in the Diamond District. July, 1840.
Frutex 4—pedalis. Folia 12-18 lin. longa, 1-14 lin. lata. In-

volucrum 1} lin. longum. Pappus pallidè rufescens.

Near the preceding species : well masked. n its sa leaves
with recurved apices. ie e |

85 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

4902. B. polyphylla; fruticosa ramosissima glabra viscosa, ramis
teretibus striatis, foliis sessilibus longè angustèque linearibus
obtusis margine integerrimis revolutis l-nerviis, capitulis ad
axillas foliorum superiores solitariis sessilibus in spicam foliosam
dispositis, involucri masc. ovati squamis ovato-oblongis obtusis
margine membranaceis pappum æquantibus.

Has. Arid rocky places in the Diamond Districts. Aug., 1840.
Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia 15-2 poll. longa, vix lineam lata.

Capitula 14 lin. longa. Pappus sordidus, setis apice dilatatis fim-

briatis.

Near B. Megapotamica, DC.

4917. B. fuchsiæfolia ; fruticosa glabra, ramis teretibus striatis,
foliis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acuminatis mucro-
nato-denticulatis suprà nitidis subtus punctatis membranaceis
penniveniis, racemis axillaribus petiolo paulo longioribus, capi-
tulis masc. pedicellatis 15-floris, involucri campanulati squamis
lineari-oblongis acutis ciliatis.

Has. Near Japinhacanga, Province of Minas Geraés. Aug., 1840.
Frutex 8-pedalis. Folia 4—41 poll. longa, 15-17 lin. lata:

petioli 4—6 lin. longi. Pappus rufescens. |

- Near B. Oronocensis, DC.

HwzNornons, Genus novum.

Cuar. Gun. Capitula multiflora, dioica, homogama, floribus tubu- _
losis. Znvolucri oblongi imbricati squame siccæ, ovate, ob- —
tuse. Receptaculum planum, nudum. Masc.: Corolle tabu-
losæ, apice dentatæ, limbo æqualiter quinquedentato. Anthere
incluse, basi bisetæ.. Sty/us filiformis, apice bifidus. Ovarium
effetum pilosum. Pappus pilosus, uniserialis, setis vix scabridis, -
basi connatis. Fam.: Corolle filiformes, angusté 4—5-dentate. _
Anthere nulle. Stylus bifidus, exsertus. Achenia oblonga,
pilosa. Pappus ut in maribus.— Herba perennis Brasiliensis ;
foliis sessilibus, alternis, adpressó imbricatis, lineari-lanceolatis, —
acuminatis, integerrimis, 3-nerviis, tomentosis ; ens uat 7

~ ad apices ramulorum congestis. — D
E Hymenopholis imbricata, Gardn.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. . 89

Has. Elevated Campos between Meridanha and the Ciudade Dia-
` manti. July, 1840.

DzscR. Herba perennis. Radix usque ad collum lignosa. Caules
plures ex eadem radice, erecti, sesquipedales, versus apicem ramosi,
foliosi, cano-lanuginoso-tomentosi. Folia sessilia, alterna, adpressa,
imbricata, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, integerrima, utrinque to-
mentosa, ,S-itervia, 6-8 lin. longa, 13—2 lin. lata. Capitula 3-9,
ad apices ramulorum congesta, 15-20 flora. Involucrum ob-
longum, 5 lin. longum, squamis pluriserialibus, imbricatis, ovatis,
obtusis, albis, membranaceis, glabris, striatis.

The dicecious character and caudate anthers of this plant,
refer it.at once to the subtribe Turchonanthee of the Asteroidea.
It is peculiar in habit, and very distinct from any allied genus,

Baccharis being that to which it has the greatest affinity.

BLAINVILLEA, Cass.
~

6053. B. polycephala; foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi
obtusis trinerviis obtusé serrato-dentatis suprà pubescenti-hir- -
telis subtus piloso-tomentosis, ramulis dichotomis, petiolis —
pedunculisque hirtellis, pedunculis alaribus petiolo multd longi-
oribus, involucri squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis striatis,
achzeniis pilosiusculis 2-3-aristatis, aristis barbatis.

Has. In dry bushy places near the city of Maranham. May, 1841. —
Herba annua, 3-4-pedalis. Folia 3-34 poll. longa, 12-15 de dA

lata. Capitula 6 lin. longa. 1
Near B. rhomboidea, Cass., from which it is dns by

the shape of its leaves, the size of the capitula, and thes acumi

nate, not obtuse, involucral scales.

1740. B. racemosa ; foliis lanceolatis acutis basi beak Enr E
integriuseulis rugosis utrinque piloso-pubescentibus, ramulis -
dichotomis, petiolis pedunculisque hirtellis, pedunculis alaribus et :
oppositifoliis in racemum foliosum dispositis petiolo lon ioril

— involucri squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis striatis e sub-
.. foliaceis, achæniis radii 3, disci 4-aristatis barbatis. -

mcr Has. In nae m "m om near Villa do Icó, 1 Province

90 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Herba annua, 3—4-pedalis.
Capitula 42 lin. longa.

Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 6—8 lin. lata.

A very distinct species, more slender in habit than any I know ;
the capitula arranged in loose leafy racemes on the branches and

branchlets.

The following is a list of those species belonging to the Asfe-
roideæ, contained in my collections, which I find already described:—

495, 1727, 3840

Erigeron Bonariense, Linn.

"6c. — Canadense, Linn.
4923, bis palustre, Gardn.
492 . Conyza triplinervia, Less.
4924 . Chilensis, Spr..

874, 1346, 1726 Baccharis rhexioides, H. B. K-
772, 785, 4914 Lundi, DC.

4905 . ; Vauthieri, DC.

515, 4907, 4908 platypoda, DC.

184 . cassinifolia, DC.
4911 . —— — pauciflosculosa, DC.
4897 . tarchonanthoides, DC.
4918 . vernonioides, DC.
4892 . aphylla, DC.

500, 4896 ——— trimera, DC.

4895 . : myriocephala, DC.
498, 1347, 2653, 5519, 6049 . Pluchea Quitoc, DC.

4894 . Pterocaulon spicatum, DC.
795, 523, 1054 Eclipta erecta, Linn.

5521 . brachypoda, Michx.

Peradenia, Kandy, Ceylon,
23rd Aug. 1847.

Brief characters of AULACOPILUM, a new Genus of Mosses, from —
New Zealand. By Wii11am WirsoN, Esq. omes
AULACOPILUM, Wils. nov. gen.

Peristomium nullum.

Calyptra sulcata, magna, ss ob-

i: tegens, latere medio fissa. Annulus nullus. Seta lateralis. Cap- —
sula erecta, — EE ab avAa£ sulcus, et midov ae | =

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 91

Folia disticha, glauca, enervia. Seta brevis. Capsula pallida,
erecta. Florescentia monoica.

Aulacopilum glaucum.

Has. New Zealand, on trees, growing intermixed with Mabronia
secunda. 1843. Rev. W. Colenso.

Very small, scarcely larger than the Fabronia. Stems creeping,
sparingly and irregularly branched. Leaves distichous, obliquely
ovate, acuminate, spreading, flattish, nerveless, papillose at the
margin and on the back, areolæ granular, colour glaucous-green ;
when dry appressed. Perichætial leaves erect, lanceolate. Seta
not twice the length of the capsule, pale and rather thick. Cap-
sule roundish-ovate, pale glaucous-green, truncate. Operculum coni-
co-rostellate, about half the length of the capsule. Calyptra large,
nearly twice as long as the capsule, closely embracing the seta
below it, and in other respects like that of CaZymperes, at length
split laterally, with a tendency to separate at the base into eight or
more laciniæ corresponding with the number of furrows, pale yel-
lowish-brown, reddish at the apex. Spores green, rather large.
Perigonii orange-coloured, anthers without paraphyse.

The singular calyptra, the absence of peristome, and indeed the
whole habit of the plant, entitle it to rank as a new genus, bearing
almost the same relation to other Pleurocarpi that Calymperes does
to the Acrocarpi.

This very curious moss may perhaps form the type of a new

genus. It differs from other species of Splachnum in the peristome, ——

which is not reflexed when dry, and probably in the dioicous in-

florescence. The habit of the moss, apart from its singular ——

apophysis, is that of Orthodox, with which it agrees, especially in
the structure of the peristome, and in its place of growth upon the ——
trunks of trees. : ee

Tab. IV. Fig. A. Plants, nat. size; f. 2, portion of a plant, —
magnified ; f. 3, leaf; f. 4, apex of ditto; f. 5, 6, 7, capsules; f. 8, —
teeth of peristome,—all more or less magnified. :

*

92 POLLEN-COLLECTORS

Further remarks on the POLLEN-COLLECTORS of CAMPANULA, and
on the mode of fecundation. By W. Wutson, Esq.

Five years ago I presented to the readers of this Journal the result

of my early studies of this genus (see vol. i, p. 601), and I have

now to acknowledge that I was led by the appearances which 1

observed, into the erroneous conclusion, that the pollen-grains ob-

tain access to the interior of the collecting hairs by virtue of some

peculiar function exercised by these organs. Very soon after the

publication of my paper, I became dubious about the validity of the

inference I had drawn from innumerable examples; and in the

following season, having had recourse to the test of examination of

the pollen-collectors previous to dissection, I could no longer

withstand the conviction that the introduction of pollen-grains

within the hairs does not take place until an avenue is artificially

opened by means of the dissecting knife ; and that all the numerous

cases of introduction which I had witnessed were owing to the

facility with which the grains enter the hairs at the moment when

the sections were made for microscopic scrutiny. I have now to

state, by way of apology, that the inference, though an erroneous

one, was not hastily made, and that the same inference has since

been made by Dr. Hartig, and adopted by him, as an important

fact, in support of his new theory of the fertilisation of plants, and

more particularly of that part which treats of “ fertilisation by
. . means of the style.” The use which is made of the supposed fact

in that work impels me to delay no longer this retractation; and I —
am happy to state that a renewed examination of Campanula rotun-
difolia has supplied me with very satisfactory evidence, that the
same mode of fecundation obtains in this genus, that is observable
in other plants, and that the doubts which I have long entertained

as to the validity of Schleiden’s theory have at length been almost —

entirely removed. I shall now give the result of my Res inves- ..

_ tigation of this genus.
: The hairs which cover the upper part of the style, and the back

~ or external face of each branch of the stigma, are simply poken- — —

. collectors, and nothing more: they discharge this function admir- ——

; TA and d eras ne they retire, each within. its o2

OF CAMPANULA. 93

cell, by virtue (as I suppose) of some action of exosmosis, operating

in conjunction with an opposite action of endosmosis on the part

of the stigmatic tissue, the effect of both which actions is to pro-
duce the revolution of the branches of the stigma (which until then

are erect and in mutual contact and cohesion), and to remove every
obstacle which would prevent the revolute stigma from coming

into contact with the mass of pollen lodged upon the style. The
withdrawal of fluid from the interior of the pollen-collector will
necessarily cause the fine inner membrane to shrink : it is thereby
shortened, and acting with tension on the external membrane of

the hair, which is elastic and somewhat horny, the latter is drawn
inwards, as the sliding tubes of a telescope are made to retire into

each other, until the whole of the exserted hair is retracted into its
base, which forms an embedded cavity in the substance of the
style. An interval of at least a day, perhaps two days, may exist — —
between the moment of dislodgement of the pollen from the anthers _
and its ultimate deposition on the stigmatic papilla. The pollen — —
is emitted from the anthers when the flower is just opening: at ——
this moment the anthers form a tube around the style and stigma, —
the latter being scarcely protruded above the tube. As the flower —
advances, the style is elongated to nearly twice its original length,
or more, before the branches of the stigma begin to roll backwards: _
this elongation causes the pollen to be brushed out of the anthers,
and the pollen then adheres very copiously to the style and back of
the stigma; but as yet not a single grain can touch the stigmatic
papillæ : this can happen only after the branches of the stigma are
separated from mutual contact. Previous to the revolution of the
stigma the pollen-collectors are retracted, those at the back of the
stigma somewhat sooner than the rest ; and by means of the revo-
lution the surface of the stigma is brought into close contact with
the pollen-grains, a sufficient number of which are thus made to
adhere to the stigmatic papillæ, and to produce pollen-tubes. The
pollinic tubes penetrate between the papille, and between the
stratum which they form and a layer of vascular tissue, into the-
tubular central cavity of the style, which forms a channel of com- -
‘munication with the placentæ. The course of the pollen-tubes

94 POLLEN-COLLECTORS

ftom the base of the style is by a sudden bend upwards into the
middle of each placenta, which presents two contiguous surfaces,
and thence over the whole free external surface of the placenta, to
which the foramen of each ovule is closely applied. After fecund-
ation it is not a difficult task to dissect away the ovules with a
considerable length of pollinic tube, whose anterior extremity. is
inserted into the foramen; nor should I, after what I have already
accomplished, despair of dissecting away an unbroken pollen-tube
uniting the pollen-grain with the penetrated ovule. Until my
recent examination of Campanula, L had obtained no conclusive
evidence (after much pains bestcwed for that very object), that the
pollen-tubes ever actually penetrated the ovule; and some of my
observations already published seemed to justify the rejection of
much of what had been advanced by previous writers in favour of
that opinion; but I have now no hesitation in admitting it as
proved; and it only remains to enquire into the mode and
extent of operation of the ramps tube after its introduction to the
interior of the ovule.

As a consequence of the theory of Schleiden, it is maintained by
Wydler, that plants have not two sexes, as hitherto supposed ; that

the anther, far from being the male organ, is the female, in fact,

an ovary; that the pollen-grain is the germ of a new plant; that
the pollinie tube becomes the embryo within the embryo-sac of the
ovule, which merely supplies nourishment and shelter to the embryo
up to a certain period; and that ei ism is improperly
termed “ fecundation.”

It is, on the contrary, asserted by Mirbel and Spach, that the
pistil fulfils an important function in generation, inasmuch as it
originates of itself the primordial utricle, which in conjunction with
those utricles that it produces, gives birth to the embryo ; and they
conclude that phytologists are right in admitting the fecundation

. . of plants, and in assimilating it, up to a certain point, to that of

animals. They contend that the embryo-sac, as understood
Schleiden, has no real existence; and that the wtricule primordiale.
although it gives rise to the embryo, is not formed of the sii!

fecundation by means of the pollen did not take place. —

| extremity of the pollen-tube, though it would remain inert if —— :

OF CAMPANULA. 95
explain their views of fecundation by reference to the process of
graftmg, the cambium introduced by the pollen-tube becoming
intimately blended with the cambium of the wéricule primordiale ;
and according to the mode and degree of combination may be
explained the formation of hybrids, some of which show the char-
acter of the male parent, others of the female, and others a mixture
of the characters of both the parents.

The argument seems to depend upon the issue of the debated -
question whether the primordial utricle has a prior existence within
the ovule, independent of the action of the ovule. It will be
advantageous to reject Schleiden’s figment of an introverted embryo-
sac, and to substitute the simple idea of an embryonary cavity
within the nucleus, prepared for the reception of an embryo.
M. Ad. Brongniart contends that “in several plants, and particu-
larly in the Cucurbitacee, he has ascertained that the vésicule
embryonaire, considered by Schleiden to be formed of the extre-
mity of the pollinic tube, exists in the ovule before fecundation.” I
cannot confirm this statement as to the Cucurbitacee, where I find
only an embryonary cavity, but no contained vesicle. In Zea Mays,
an example prominently adduced by Mirbel and Spach in proof of
their position, I find indeed the organ which they designate as the
utrieule primordiale; but Y recognise in it only the quintine, analo-
gous to that of Nuphar lutea, but not extending farther than the __
middle of the nucleus, and of peculiar confirmation. After repeated — —
dissections, most carefully conducted, I am unable to detect the
smallest trace of a suspensor like that figured by Mirbel and Spach —
(Annales des Sciences Naturelles, April, 1839), and the “ grappe
de très petites utricules ovoides qui couronnent l’utrieule primor- —
diale” is not correctly represented in the plate, (fig. 11, 13, 15): —
it consists of larger and fewer cellules, by no means pendulous, but
forming a conglomerate opaque mass of an ovate oblong figure,
which appears to be intimately connected with a central canal in
the interior of the “ utricule primordiale," communicating with one
or more roundish or oblong bodies (within the utricule) at the
opposite extremity wherethe supposed suspensor should be visible,
if it existed. The contents of the “utricule” [or quintine] cannot.
be satisfactorily ascertained beyond this point, by reason. of th

96 POLLEN-COLLECTORS OF CAMPANULA.
bi

extremely delicate structure, the least pressure causing a displace-
ment of the loose particles (termed cambium globulo-cellulaire by
Mirbel and Spach) and a movement along the central canal; more-
over, the parts are soon ruptured or greatly altered in appearance
by endosmosis, while the dissection is under examination in water.
It appears to me, that neither Schleiden, nor Mirbel and Spach have —
rightly interpreted the organ under consideration ; and that nothing
positive has been advanced on either side of the question.

Mirbel and Spach mention a curious fact which has escaped the
observation of Schleiden, viz., “the double point formed by the
primine and secundine within the canal of the ovary." I find
something even more curious than they appear to have noticed,
viz. the erect position of the primine, having its foramen at the
very summit, within the canal of the ovary, far removed from the
foramen of the secundine, which has accompanied the nucleus,
pari passu, throughout its campylotropous development, and is
found immediately in front of the so-called wtricule primordiale ;
so that the pollinie tube (which I have not yet had the opportunity
of tracing in its progress) would appear after entering the primine
to pass to the foramen of the secundine by no definite course ; and
a special provision seems to have been made in the narrow repli-
cation of the secundine (or possibly a distinct additional membrane)
which passes all round the base of the ovule within the primine,
its margin partially covering the orifice of the secundine, thus
forming a groove or conduit for the pollen-tube after it has tra-

versed the interior of the primine. Mirbel and Spach lay much —

stress upon the absence of proof of the existence of any pollen-tube

protruding from the micropyle immediately after fecundation; but —

it is worth while to enquire whether such proof may not be obtain-
able, and whether it may not have been overlooked hitherto, through
imperfect acquaintance with the structure of the ovule. The sub-
ject certainly calls for further investigation. As to the suspensor,
reported to have been seen by Mirbel and Spach, I would observe ——
that whenever it is visible in the ovule of any plant, it is always in

: immediate connexion with the embryo, or its membranous covering, . à
_ as is exemplified in the case of Zea Mays ; if due attention be paid to ——

E 16 and 19, which I cannot admit to be a metame rphosis ake

SCIENTIFIC MISSION TO THIBET. 97

“utricule primordiale:": to me it appears to be something deve-

loped within it, but in what mode remains to be ascertained.

W. Wirsos.
Warrington, Sept. 28, 1847.

References to the Plate.

Tas. IV. B. Fig. 1, Pistillum of Zea Mays, of the natural size,
before fecundation, taken from the upper part of a spike ; fig. 2,
longitudinal section of the germen of ditto, magnified ten times ;
fig. 3, the embryonary cavity, as seen in the same section,
magnified forty times; fig. 4, the same, magnified about two
hundred times, showing more fully and accurately the “ wéricule
primordiale” of Mirbel and Spach, represented in their figures 11,
13 and 15.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Screntrric Mission to THIBET.

(We have now the pleasure of giving extracts from the letter of
Dr. Thomas Thomson, the receipt of which was announced in our
. last number of the * London Journal,’ p. 28.—E».)

** Camp, Pugha, ten miles from left bank
of Indus, Sept. 22, 1847.

“T cannot give you our dodi with greater accuracy; for the ——
maps of the country we are now traversing are by no means correct. ——
My last letter to you was written at Dankur, in Piti, and the PS.
bore date the 4th of this month: I have therefore to render an —
account of my wanderings since that time. We left the Piti valley ——
on the 5th, and crossing the range of snowy mountains, which run
parallel with it on the north, by the Parang Pass, we came upon e
the river of that name near its source. Our observations made the -
elevation of the Pass to be 18,600, or 18,700 feet. We followed
the course of the Parang river, at first northerly, but then, for
. three days, nearly due east, after which it turned south, and we -
ae crossed it to proceed to Haulé. On our road thither, we crossed |

E. the Sarak Pass, elevated. about 18, 000 feet, and arrived at Haulé

98 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

on the 14th, where we halted two days, and started again on the
17th for the Indus, pursuing the course of that stream for two
days, in a direction rather north of the west, when we turned upa
ravine to the left, and reached this place yesterday. Here we spend
a day, partly to make magnetic observations, and also to examine
the Sulphur and Borax and hot springs which occur at this place.
So much for a general sketch of our route since my last: a
very few words will suffice to convey an idea of the nature and
appearance of the country. Since the 5th we have not been below
13,800 feet, and almost always much higher. The country con-
tinues extremely hilly, though interspersed with numerous open
plains, either perfectly flat, or with a gentle slope, and sometimes
of considerable extent. The sloping plains are strewed with gravel
and fragments of rock, the flat ones covered with saline efflorescence,
and evidently seeming to have been the beds of lakes. Nothing can
well be more barren than the mountains and gravelly plains; but
among the rocky spots some interesting plants may be picked up.
The principal vegetation is, however, confined to the streams, whose
banks are often marshy and covered with short turf, interspersed
with some remarkable species. The brushwood of the Piti river con-
sists of Roses, Willows, Tamarisk, and Hippophie. I had not met
with the two former, since leaving the Parang Pass ; and the Hippo-
pháe which grows on that Pass is different from that of Piti.
Tamarisk prevails abundantly at an elevation of 14,500 feet; and
the Caragana versicolor, which affords the principal fuel of the
. inhabitants in these desolate regions, grows more luxuriantly than
at Kunawur and Piti ; though I have, as yet, found only one species
of the genus. The most frequent productions of this tract are a
Crucifera, with large fleshy cuneate leaves, which is new, unless
Jacquemont discovered it, an Artemisia? with bright yellow
flowers, and an Atropa, or nearly-allied plant.

We crossed the Parang Pass on the 8th Sept., being the fourth
day after quitting the Piti river, and encamped at the height of
about 17,000 feet. The mountains, over which we took our way,
were so many masses of fragments of loose stones, and it was -
therefore difficult to ascertain the exact height to which plants —

TO THIBET. 99

extend. A Lichen grew at the very top; but the highest phanero-
gamous plant which came under my notice, was a small Composita,
the Pyrethrum roseum of Jacquemont’s Journal, which inhabited
the crevices of rocks, at an elevation of 17,500 feet. Though
disappointed by the sterility of the southern side of the Pass,
I gathered several alpine species, when descending the northern
slope and following the course of the river. The loftiest part
certainly promised ill enough: a mile and a half of snow was
followed by an equal length of glacier. The mountain vegetation
is quite different from that of the ordinary level of the country ;
or, to speak more definitely, the plants of 16—17,000 feet are by
no means the same as those of 14—15,000 feet. Elevation is,
however, not the sole cause which influences vegetation : exposure
and distance from the bottom of the valley have a marked effect.
Thus Biebersteinia odora occurred on the Roonung Pass in Kunawur,
at 14,200 feet, and was plentiful on the descent of the Parang Pass ;
but below 15,000 it disappeared, and though we have since con-
tinued at between 14 and 15,000 feet, I have not met with it
again. The Biebersteinia, a minute Astragalus, a Lychnis and
two Grasses, were the first plants which greeted me on the descent,
appearing just where the glacier terminated, and they were soon
followed by a Mepeta, four species of Potentilla, a Fern, a
Gnaphalium, and a couple of Carices. By the way, the Potentilla
have been a particularly numerous tribe since I entered Kunawur;
I think I have collected not less than twenty. |
Our encampment below the Parang Pass was at above 16, 000

feet, and our lowest elevation before leaving that stream, was :

14,000 feet, so that we very gradually diminished our altitude in
three days, which gave me a good opportunity of noting the .

appearance and disappearance of different plants. The former is ——

an easy task; the latter not only difficult but impossible to be
accurately Fn by persons who are rapidly traversing a new region; —
so, as my notes are still quite rough, and the changes of vegetation —
very frequent, I prefer a that point alone, for the present. -
I have already stated that the alpine species vanish above 15,000
feet. Aog tha bankai my and in eod bent minim

100 SCIENTIFIC MISSION

several kinds of Gentian, two of Pedicularis, a very small Thalic-
trum, a Parnassia, a Juncus, and a good many Carices and
Grasses; while in drier places, Dracocephalum heterophyllum,
(Benth.) two Corydales, a pretty Phaca, several Chenopodiacee and
Artemisiæ were common.

The Sanak Pass offered much more interest, botanically speaking,
than the Parang. The ascent was easier, and the mountains,
covered with granite and boulders, permitted a greater amount of
vegetation than could be detected among the loose angular stones
and sharp slopes of the Parang. For a —" way we
traced upwards a small stream, whose turfy banks presented many
pretty alpine plants, among which I may mention a Suxifrage,
an entire-leaved Ranunculus, a Delphinium, several Saussureæ, à
Pedicularis, Thalictrum, Parnassia, several Cherlerie or Stellaria,
&c., &c. At the very top, I noticed a level gravelly spot, the —
elevation being certainly upwards of 18,000 feet, where grew -
two species of Crucifere, and only 200 feet lower down, were
many other plants. The road was quite free from snow, which
covered the northern exposure of the mountains to our right.
One long march from the northern face of the Sanak brought us
to Haulé, a monastery of Buddhist Lamas, built on a hill, to the
north of a very extensive and perfectly flat salt-plain, elevated
14,000 feet, and traversed by two sluggish streams, full of fish: ——
these rivers unite close to Haulé, and, taking a northerly course ——
through an open valley, they fall into the Indus. We followed -
for nearly twenty miles the course of the stream: its banks and
the plain were very saline, the quantity of salt obviously increasing
as we proceeded; a fact, attested both by the eye, and by the
greater predominance of Chenopodiacee, of which tribe I found

four species that I had not seen before. We left the Haulé — x

river a few miles before it fell into the Indus, but only to traverse
a low range of hills, after which we regained it, some miles lower
than the junction. At the spot where we struck the Indus, it was —
flowing sluggishly, at one and a half to two miles an hour, overa ——

ets muddy bed, in the centre of a salt-plain. Its banks were singu-

= | larly barren : during the twenty-five miles for which we opes :

TO THIBET. 101

its course, I did not see so many as forty-five species of plants, a
sterility which made me glad when we quitted the Indus for this
ravine, which is curious and interesting in many respects. I was
much surprised, on entering it, to find it filled with a miniature
forest of Myricaria, the trees often fifteen feet high, and with
stems commonly a foot in diameter, but frequently much more.
The ravine is a close one, the hills rismg high on both sides, and
I noticed nothing remarkable in the vegetation, but the luxuriance
of the Myricarie. Where it joins the Indus, the elevation of the
bottom of the ravine may be about 14,000 feet, and that of our
present encampment, perhaps a mile and a half above any of the
larger trees, is 14,600 feet. On arriving at our halting-place I was
startled to find the temperature of the stream so high as 69°; and
a little search evinced that all along its bed in this neighbourhood,
numerous hot springs broke out, the temperature being 1473° in
the hottest I have yet examined. Where our camp is placed, the
ravine has spread out into a narrow plain, a quarter of a mile
broad. The hot springs give out a good deal of gas, which smells
strongly of sulphur, and the water is slightly tinctured with the
same, but tastes, otherwise, perfectly pure and good. The surface
of the plain is encrusted with salt, containing much Boras, and
is exported to India, in a crude state, to be refined. The sulphur
locality being a mile further, I have not yet visited it. The bed
of the streamlet is full of matted Zannichellia and Potamogeton, —
growing in the most luxuriant manner; while large fish, apparently - E
enjoying the hot water, dart about in great numbers, and in
every direction. |

Giah, Sep. orth =
You will find the place, whence I now date, in any good 1
map. Since writing the above portion, we have made such
long marches, that I could not complete my letter. We are -
halting here for a day, partly to rest, and partly to prepare des- -
patches for home. Our journey, for the last five days, has been |
very destitute of botanical interest; for the cold nights have had. :
the effect of almost entirely drying up the vegetation. The day
before yesterday we encamped at rather below 16, 000 feet, on th
a other side of apes € and after a misera r cold day, snow

102 SCIENTIFIC MISSION TO THIBET.

began falling in the evening, and by next morning the ground was
covered to the depth of three mches. Beyond the cold we ex-
perienced no difficulty in crossing the Pass, but of course
botanizing was out of the question. The descent was rapid, and
we quickly left the snow behind us, and are now at an elevation
of 13,500 feet; and we expect to-morrow’s march will bring us
down to 11,500, so that I trust soon to enter a region where
vegetation is not thus injured. So long as the species are recog-
nizable, I consider one great object to be gained. For a month
the plants have been in a bad state, too far advanced to make
good specimens, indeed, mostly in fruit; but only within the last
few days have they been so much injured as not to be worth col-
lecting. There is the less reason to regret the lateness of the
season, because there are few indigenous plants, comparatively
speaking, in the elevated regions we have been lately traversing ;
and I quite believe hardly any have escaped me, unless it be a
very few early spring species. And, where spring begins in June,
the number of plants peculiar to that season, cannot be great.
The most interesting object that I have seen during the last
few days is a Salt Lake, at the elevation of 15,000 feet above the
sea. It has no outlet, (and this, I believe, to be characteristic of
all salt lakes,) and occupies the centre of a plain, bounded on every
side by hills, which are marked, 200 feet above the present surface
of the lake, with a most remarkably distinct ancient water-mark,
traceable all round the lake, and which is seen at one point, towards
the south, to be connected with a valley, running in that direc-
tion, and which must have been the former outlet of the lake. -
All round the lake, and in some places up to within a few feet of
this water-mark, there is an alluvial deposit of fine clay, containing
in many parts, an immense quantity of fossil shells, all of which,
except a very few specimens of a minute bivalve, belong to one,
or possibly two species (for they vary considerably) of Zymnaa, a
fresh-water shell, clearly proving that the lake was originally
fresh, and that its present saline state is due to the shutting up — —
. of its outlet. No other shells occur, at present, so far as Í was — —
able to detect, at this height. I infer, therefore, that the whole :

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 103

country has been considerably elevated since the formation of
these alluvial beds; and I can find no cause for the closing of the
lake, save unequal elevation. Altogether, the locality was most
interesting to me, and it well deserves the scrutiny of a good
geologist. As. to the sulphur, that place, too, was eminently
curious; and I procured beautiful specimens of crystals of
sulphur, and of various salts, whose characters and composition
yet remain to be determined.

Respecting our future movements, I can tell you no more than
that our course lies down the Indus. We shall remain about a
week at Leh (or Ladakh) and I shall write to you, either thence,
or soon after leaving that place.

There are several Poplar trees and much cultivated ground

here.*
T. THomson.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Prest, BoraniscHe BEMERKUNGEN; separately published from

the Transactions of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences.

Prague. 1844.

Tuis isa 4to pamphlet of 154 pages, professing to contain
observations on, and especially corrections of, the determinations ——
of plants contained in various collections generally distributed by —
sale or otherwise, determinations of species hitherto only desig- ——
nated by numbers, and characters of a considerable number of ——
new genera and species; the collections reviewed being chiefly the |
South African ones of Drége, and of Ecklon and Zeyher, Sieber's —
various collections, and those distributed by the deni Lo
Unio Itineraria, with a few species of Cuming, Lhotsky, and ——
others. From the hands of a botanist of reputation, who has
access to a very fair botanical library and no inconsiderable herba- |
rium, (chiefly presented to the Prague Museum by the late distin- ;

* Since the above was sent to press, we have received another highly interesting |
letter from Dr. Thomson, deseribng the ronte to Teh and thenee to “ Nabra Valley,”
O . me uo Pu

104 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

guished Count Sternberg,) this would have been a most useful
publication, had he, indeed, as he declares in his Preface, “ spared
no pains, time, or sacrifices, to compare figures, descriptions, and
specimens.” A very slight examination, however, suffices to prove
how far the performance falls short of the promise. From begin-
ning to end it shows signs of haste. Genera described as new
which are evidently very well-known ones, with which they are
not even compared; new species established upon insufficient or
imaginary distinctions ; hundreds of specific names given to plants
existing in collections with numbers only, (or supposed false
names,) without any diagnosis or character, and, therefore, probably
without much critical examination; many names corrected in one
collection by the names given in another, without ascertaining
whether such are correct: these are all indications rather of a
desire to attach one’s name to as many species or synonyms as
possible, than to benefit science.

In support of these remarks let us take the three first genera
proposed as new; l, Zonidiopsis, p. 13, is precisely Noisettia,
Kunth, (not of Martius, who included Anchietea,) and the species
published J. fruticulosa, Presl, is (judging from the description)
the common N. longifolia, for which St. Hilaire gives also the
station near Rio Janeiro. 2, Acrossanthus, p. 22, would indeed
be a genus “ novum et singulare," if referred, as our author pro-
poses, to Guttifere, “non obstantibus phalangis stamineis poly-

andris petalisque oppositis, stylis quinque et stigmatibus orbiculatis _
planis;" but, take a nearly allied order in which these characters —
occur, and turn to a common, well-known, and frequently figured
South American genus, and to one of its commonest forms, and
Acrossanthus Lhotzkyanus becomes Vismia Guianensis, or rather
that Brazilian form, which, though referred by St. Hilaire to the
true V. Guianensis, has been distinguished by Gardner, apparently on
sufficient grounds, under the name of V. Hilairii. 8, Dicranope- —
talum, p. 24, is correctly referred to Sapindacee Paulliniee, and
distinguished from Urvillea and Serjania, but why not compared

© with Toulieia, Aubl? exceedingly well characterised by Cambes- |

sèdes i in his * Memoir on Sapindacez,’ with which it = LE found | |

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 105

to be identical. This Brazilian species has been published by
Casaretto in his ‘ Decades,’ under the name of 7. Brasiliensis.

Amongst those of Presl’s species which we have had occasion to
examine, we have identified many also with well-known older ones,
and many more still are distinguished on grounds, which in our
opinion, are insufficient; but on this head there is, we are aware,
much disagreement amongst systematic botanists; and as several
of the new species are really valid and well described, it would be
useless here to enter into details without a careful critical exami-
nation of the whole, which would take much more time than the
author can possibly have bestowed on the compilation. In his
synonyms he has succeeded in detecting some blunders of others ;
although he not unfrequently corrects one blunder by another.
If, therefore, this memoir is one which must be consulted on
account of the right of priority acquired for all really new species
there described, we would not recommend any of the determina-
tions of species to be accepted without verification; nor should we
deem it necessary to adopt Presl’s name where unaccompanied by
any character or distinctive indications.

With regard to the date of the work, we see that the 1st of
April, 1843, is affixed to the preface; although it was only laid
before the Society on the 21st December, 1843. The date of
printing is 1844; but it can scarcely have been published in
that year, as we have heard it was not in booksellers’ catalogues
till 1846; thus the priority of names over those published in the
commencement of 1845 might become questionable.

BorawicAL Lasers; a series of Botanical Labels for the Her-
barium, adapted to the respective Floras of Smith, Hooker,
Lindley, and Macreight ; including one for every plant recog-
nized as indigenous to the BRITISH ISLANDS. London, Pamplin, |
1848. Price 3s.

This is a rather stout 8vo volume of 325 pages, each leaf quc
occupied on one side with fourteen neatly printed labels, containing

wim. 0 —- a

106 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

the Natural Order, the Linnean Class and Order, the generic,
specific, and common name of the plant, together with the syno-
nyms of the botanists whose names are mentioned in the title.
To these is added the general habitat; and blank spaces are left
for the precise locality, the time of gathering, and the name of the
collector. “As each plant has one or more labels assigned to it,
whenever the writers above-mentioned differ in their nomenclature,
all will be able to select that of their favourite text book, while the
synonyms attached will show the arrangement adopted by the
other three authorities, and thus, to the less advanced student,
. tend, in some degree, to increase the facilities of botanical inter-
course.” :

We gladly recommend this collection of labels to every person
who forms a British Herbarium; for the neatness of printed
labels over written ones is manifest to all, and they yet bear, or
ought to bear, enough of the writing and the name of the collector
to carry the stamp of his authority.

Synopsis HrPATICARUM ; auctoribus GOTTSCHE, LINDENBERG et
Ners AB EsENBECK. Hamburg. 1847.

This valuable work, the earlier portion of which we noticed in

the fourth volume of the present Journal, is now happily brought

. to a conclusion in one thick volume of upwards of eight hundred
: pages, with a copious Index, and a Supplement of no less than
13 one hundred and eighty-one pages “species complectens et
synonyma præstantiora, quæ dum liber hic imprimebatur ab aliis
descripta innotuerunt;" that is, during a period of three years
only. Such is the rapid progress in the present day of this
department of Botany. A Conspectus Generum shows that the -
learned authors have divided the Hepatice into five tribes ; viz.,
l. Jungermanniacee ; 9. Monoclee ; 3. Marchantice 3 4. Antho-
cerotee ; 5. Riccie; and into seventy-two Genera. It is a work
that must be in the hands of every student of Cryptogamic Botany,
_ whatever may be his views respecting the proper limits of genera

and species.

—

NOTICES OF BOOKS. A i.

Notices sur les Puantes Rares cultivées dans le Jardin Botanique
de Genève, par Aucustin-Pyramus et ALPHONSE DE Can-
DOLLE. Extrait des Memoires de la Soc. de Phys. et d’ Hist.
Nat. de Genéve, avec l'addition d'une table des matiéres et
d'une table alphabétique des noms d'espèces. Genève, 1823-
1847. Ato.

We regret to see the present “ Notices" brought to a conclusion
with the tenth fasciculus; the whole forming one volume, each
number, however, being separately paged, and including, besides
many plates, more or less coloured, full descriptions and histories
of one hundred and thirty-eight new or rare plants of the garden
of Geneva, drawn up by two of the most distinguished botanists,
father and son, of the present century. The present number con-
tains, 1, Althea laxiflora, n. sp.; 2, Brassica longiloba, n. sp. ;
3, Crambe grandiflora, DC.; 4, Æriostemon scabrum, n. sp.;
5, Galega officinalis, L. ; and G. Persica, Sw., (showing that they
are one and the same) ; 6, Lessertia brachystachya, n. sp.; 7, Pe-
risteria Barkeri, Batem.; 8, Pomaderris pyrrophylla, Stend. ;
9, Scevola multiflora, Lindl.; 10, Sedum prealtum, n. sp.;
11, Selago cinerea, L. Suppl. Two plates, representing three
plants, accompany the number.

SCHNIZLEIN ; Iconographia Familiarum Naturalium Regni Vege-
labilis. Heft V. Bonn. : |

The student of botany will be glad to know that this useful -
work, which we have already alluded to, (vol. iii. p. 111), as a

substitute for the more elaborate and more original ‘ Iconographia — — :

Generum Plantarum,’ of Endlicher, is continued. Fase. V. is the

latest portion we have received, but it bears no date; and when — —

it is considered how tardily our booksellers procure continental -
works in general, and especially German ones, we cannot be sure —
that more of it may not be issued in Germany. The present -
Fasciculus contains illustrations of the following Natural Orders.
Tab. 55, Liliaceae (Hyacinthee, Tulipea) ; t. 55, b. Liliacee (4s-
phodelee ; t. 55, c. Liliaceae (Asparagea) ; t. 55, b. Liliaceis affines;

108 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

t. 59, Hydrocharidee ; t. 61, Iridee; t. 68, Scitaminee ; t. 69,
Marantacee ; t. 10, Musacee; t. 11, Najadee ; &. 19, Typhacee ;
t. 77, and 77, a, t. 17, 0, Palme; t. 19, Gnetacea; t. 80, Chlo-
ranthee ; t. 81, Piperacea ; t. 82, Saururea ; t. 85, Podostemmee :
t. 86, Casuarinec.

Dunar; Petit Bouquet Mediterranéen. 4to. Brochure, Mont-
pellier.

Under this modest title the learned Professor of Montpellier has
described and figured six new, or little known, plants of the Flora
of the Mediterranean region, “ qui s' étend des rives du Portugal
baignées par l’ocean Atlantique, jusqu’ aux confins de la Perse’et
peut-être méme d' Affghanistan. Elle a sur toutes les autres le privi-
lege d'avoir été le berceau dela Botanique. C'est en effet à Athénes
que Theophraste, il y a 23 siécles, jeta les premiers fondements de la
physiologie végétale et de la phytographie, et c'est à Anazarbe,
en Cilicie, que Dioscoride écrivit, trois ou quatre siécles aprés, la
premiére histoire des plantes employées en médecine; livre qui a
eu le re d’être presque le seul livre de botanique des méde-
cins jusqu” au siècle dernier, et qui est encore aujourdhui presque
le seul des pays qui sont soumis à P Islamisme.” Since that re-
mote period, continues the author, the vegetation of every part of
this vast region has been often explored. Portugal, Spain, and
the Balearic isles, the kingdoms and regencies of the north-west
of Africa, as well as of the south of France and Italy, the Jonian
islands, Greece, as well as Egypt and Asia Minor, have been
visited by numerous and talented botanists ; and still many vege-
table productions of these countries remain to be discovered and
described ; so great is the number of species of plants, and such
the amount of time and labour necessary to acquire a complete
knowledge of those of any country.

In proof of this assertion M. Dunal proceeds to describe Heli-
anthemum multiflorum, Saltam., from Tangiers; H. calycinum, -

(Cistus calycinus, L.) discovered in Bæotia, by Clusius, and rarely — E
detected since ; Cistus Clusii, Dun., of Spain and Barbary; Heli- ——

4 anthemum diocese Dun., from Algeria; and Narcissus x

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 109

Prodromus Monographie Ficuum; seripsit F. A. G. MIQUEL,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis.

(Tas. ITT.)
(Continued from page 18.)

IV. Svcowonus, Gasparr, l. c. p. 86. — Charactere mutato.

Flores in receptaculo turbinato vel pyriformi monoici. Mase.
sessiles, perigonio triphyllo, raro diphyllo, staminibus 1-plerumque
2, quandoque 3. Fem. pedicellati vel sessiles, perigonio 3—poly-
phallo, ovario sessili, stylo laterali stigmate elongato recto cari-
nato-lanceolato vel dein clavato-incrassato terminato.

Arbores sæpe ingentes longævæ, foliis alternis rotundato-cor-
datis vel oblongis, integerrimis vel serratis, glabris, puberulis vel
‘asperis, receptaculis e ramis vetustioribus, varie dispositis, sæpe
racemosis, basi bracteis involucratis, glabris vel pubescentibus.

1. Sycomorus antiquorum Gasp. l. c. (Ficus Sycomorus, Linn.
Fic. Syc. vera, Forsk. Flor. Aeg. Arab. p. 180-182. Plures
auctores excludendi, qui Sp. affines confundentes, diagnosin falsam
exhibent.) Foliis ovatis obtusis basi cordatis utrinque 4—5-costatis
integerrimis repandis vel subangulatis; demum glabriusculis et -
levibus, petiolis ramulisque subhirtellis, receptaculis supra ramulos _
aphyllos e trunco vel ramis vetustioribus protrusos racemosis
pedunculatis turbinatis junioribus molliter tomentellis, præcocibus —
ex Forsk. viridibus insectiferis, æstivalibus et serotinis flavescen-
tibus seminiferis.

Haz. Arbor in Ayypto frequentissima, plantata in ts 2 a
ad vias juxta pagos, ramos diffundens tantæ latitudinis, ut arbor
adulta abumbret spatium circuli 40 passuum. diametri. Adeoque :
una series arborum sufficit a singulo latere viarum; Forsk. In
vallibus saxosis prope Djeladgeranne, fructibus ad truncum et -
ramos majores (Schimp. iter Abyss. Sect. III. n. 1834 !) Cairo -
(Sieber !).

Ramuli, petioli foliaque nascentia utrinque praeser in nervo
medio hirtella, Hzc 12-13 cent. longa, 9-11 lata, petiolis 3—
43 cent. ents congo punit, dors apiceque hirsuta: :

VOL. vir. cm LR

110 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

Forskalius \. c. receptaculorum varias species et florum structu-
ram accurate investigavit, quibus observationibus fretus CZ. Gasp.
Sycomori genus exstruxit. Ad nostra usque tempora affines
quæddam sp. cum hac confundebantur, quarum descriptiones inter
sequentes dedi. In sp. ad Cairo lectis vidi receptacula subglabra
basi tribracteata intus sub ore bracteis oblongo-spathulatis rigidis
serratis (quas Forsk. integerrimas observavit) clausa, cæterumque
bracteolata. Fl. mase. non reperi. Fem. Perigonium 3-4 phyllum,
phyllis vel liberis (in fl. sess.) vel in tubum basi coalitis, e basi
angusta lanceolato-linearibus sursum dilatatis serratis, inzequalibus
hyalino-fuscescentibus. Achenium immaturum breviter stipitatum
dimidiato-ovatum fuscum, stylo laterali, stigmate subclavato
terminato.

2. Sycomorus rigida, n. sp. Foliis modice petiolatis rotun-
dato-ovatis vel ellipticis obtusis basi leviter cordatis integerrimis
trinerviis et utrinque 2-3 costulatis, rigido-coriaceis supra glabris
levibus nitidis demum fissuris asperis, subtus pilis teneris supra
nervos inspersis, vetustioribus asperulis et sublacunosis, stipulis
basi dorsoque incavo-hirtellis, receptaculis obovato-urceolatis gla-
briusculis. 7 ;

Has. E regno Sennaar (Kotschy, n. 227 !), Mascate (Aucher
Eloy, n. 13191).

Ramuli fere prorsus glabri; petioli pilis sparsis longis patulis
deciduis instructi, serius squamulosi 1-2 cent. longi. Folia 5-64
cent. longa, 3-5 lata, æquilatera, majora rotundato-ovata vel fere
obovato-rotundata, minora lato-elliptica, supra late viridia nitida,
serius epidermide rimosa aspera, subtus fuscescentia; coste e
nervo medio utrinque e basi 1, ad 2 alt. perductæ, relique 2-3 —
inde ab j alt. patulo-adscendentes ; anastomoses parum promi-
nentes. Stipule ovate acute convolute 8 mm. longe. In sp.
ex Hb. Auch. Eloy, folia supra asperrima, rigidiora. Receptaculum
adest fere florens fere 3 cent. longum crassum, monoicum. |

... 8. Sycomorus trachyphylla. (Ficus trachyphylla Fenzl in Flora, —

1844, p. 311. nomen.) Foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis ellipticis
obtusis, basi leviter cordatis, integerrimis vel repandis trinerviis et
paucicostatis rigido-coriaceis utrinque epidermide rimosa asper-

>

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 111

rimis, supra in nervis majoribus pilosis, subtus lacunoso-reticulatis
in nervis venulisque hirtello-scabris, stipulis sericeo-hirtis, recep-

Has. Fazokee (Kotschy, n. 518 !).

Precedenti manifesto affinis et ideo huc relata. Rami glabri
et leviusculi; ramuli presertim versus petiolorum insertionem
subhirtelli. Peéioli antice canaliculati parce pilosi. 1-1 cent.
longi. Folia 5-10 cent. longa, 31—7 lata, pallide viridia, juniora
in nervis majoribus pilosa, dein glabrata, verruculis et presertim
epidermidis fissuris asperrima, subtus pallidiora et asperrima, pilis.
crebrioribus ; cost: utrinque 3-4, quorum 1 e basi ad + alt. per-
ducta, omnes anastamosibus crebris junctæ. Séipule 8 mm. longs.

4. Sycomorus panifica. (Ficus panificus, Delile in Ann. d. Sc.
Nat. 2. ser. tom. xx. p. 94.) Foliis ovatis, elliptico- vel lanceolato-
ovatis acuminatis, majoribus inzqualiter et remote dentato-ser-
ratis, minoribus subintegerrimis, coriaceis, trinerviis et pauce-cos-
tulatis, adultis glabris, petiolis ramulisque puberulis, stipulis ovato-
lanceolatis dense sericeis, receptaculis supra ramulos confertis
pedunculatis subglobosis preter verticem glabris. Tab. IIT. A.

Has. Locis aquosis vallium angustarum ditionis Memsack,
27 Dec., 1837 (Schimper! Pl. Abyss. Sect. 1.); nomen Abyss.
Choddo.

Petiol 14-2 cent. longi antice canaliculati; tomentelli. Folia
majora 12-16 cent. longa, 7-74 lata, basi rotundata, vel subcordata
rigide coriacea, attactu vix prorsus lævia, nascentia subtus in nervis
parcissime puberula, acumine brevi-lanceolato recto integerrimo, —

dentibus valde inzequalibus, majoribus valde dissitis ; e nervo medio —— :

utrinque 4—5 cost», quarum una e basi alte adscendens ; reliquae, - =

remotius ortæ, prominentes, anastamosibus tenuissimis. Stipwle ——

3-2 cent. longe. Receptacula supra ramulos (aphyllos?) con-

feta; gemina ?, pedunculis tomentellis 11-2 cent. longis, deinceps | m

glabratis, 11-2 cent. in diam. glabra ae ore prominulo pube-
rula, basi bracteis 3 suffulta, intus sub ore bracteata, attamen.
valde destructa. FU. fem. perigonio 3—4-phyllo, phyllis i Inequa- |
libus lanceolatis filiformi-attenuatis, postea latioribus et obtusius- :
culis, _achenium amplectentibus, fuscis, — "NEN. him
» FE d i as

112 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

Ovarium obovatum, stylo basilari, stigmate pro varia ætate vario,
primum carnoso clavato una facie sulcato, serius abbreviato, sen-
simque truncato-capitellato. Achenium obovatum, e perigonio
exsertum, purpureo-fuscum ; ¢esta crustacea.

Tas. III. A. Sycomorus panifica, n.m. cum parte infloresc. a, ;
4, fl. fem. alabastrum ; c, idem florens; d, pistilla; e, stigma;
J, achenium; a.m.

5. Sycomorus Schimperiana. (Ficus vallis Choudæ, Delile L. c.
p. 94.) Folüs rotundato-ovatis acutiusculis, basi æquali leviter
cordatis, versus apicem inequaliter dentato-serratis coriaceis
utrinque glabris, trinerviis et utrinque 2-3 costatis, stipulis lanceo-
latis acutis tenerrime puberulis, receptaculis pedunculatis subglo-
bosis (maturis) glabris vel hic illic subpuberulis, pedunculo
petioloque subsquamulosis. !

Has. Abyssinia (Schimper! in Hb. Hook. no. deperd. n. 1280 ?),
Beligner, in valle Chouda (Galinier, apud Delile, I. c.)

Arbor magna; fructus edulis. Præcedenti proxima, foliis bre-
vioribus et latioribus diversa. Rami teretes; ramuli juniores
glabri subfurfuracei. Petioli 2-41 cent. longi. Folia 9-13 cent.
longa, 7-10 lata, utrinque ut videtur pallide viridia, glabra, lzevia ;
basi integerrima vel repanda; cæterum inæqualiter dentato-ser-
rata; costa e basi utrinque adscendens supra 4 alt. perducta;
sequentes infra + alt. ortæ, supreme prope apicem, omnes versus
margines patule adscendentes, subtus prominentes et parce anasto-
mosantes. Stipule 2 cent. long. lineari-lanceolate, sub lente
puberulæ. Receptaculum (cujus situs non satis constat) 51 cent. in
diametro, ore subpervio.

6. Sycomorus Thonningiana, Mig. in Hook. Flor. Nigrit.

Has. Mont. austro occid. (500^) ins. St.Vincent ad Prom. viride
in plantatione, m. Junio, 1841 (Vagel.n. 18! et 78C. ); in m.
Virede ibid (n. 76, in Hb. Hook.)

7. Sycomorus Vogeliana, Mig. in Hook. Flor. Nigrit.

Has. Fernando Po, Nov. 1841 (Vogel. Niger Exp. n. 119 !)
Quorra (id. no. 4 !). | E

8. Sycomorus Guineensis, Mig. in Flor. Nigrit, — n
= Has. Cap. Palmas et... . . (Vogel, n. 48! et 27! Hé. Hook, —
~ Jul. et Aug. 1840.) QM a

; PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 113

9. Sycomorus Capensis. (Ficus capensis, Thunb. Fic. p. 13,
Vahl. Enum. Yl. p.197. Fic. Lichtensteinii, Link. Enumer. M.
p.451.) Foliis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis apice attenuato-obtusi-
usculis, basi rotundata vel subemarginata integerrimis, cæterum
grosse dentato-serratis dentibus sinubusque obtusis, membranaceo-
coriaceis, glabris, levibus, petiolum ter quaterque superantibus,
receptaculis supra ramulos laterales aphyllos racemosis peduncu-
latis subglobosis. Tab. III. B.

Has. Prom. B. Spei (Zhunb., Drège!), Port Natal (Krauss,
n. 965 !)

Rami petiolique glabri; hi 1-93 cent. longi. Folia 5-8 cent.
longa, 3-4 lata, subtus pallida. Receptacula intus floribus dense
onusta. Fem. pedicellati vel subsessiles, perigonio clauso subcla-
vato 3-phyllo, pAg//is 3 concavis imbricatis fuscis. Ovarium obo-
vatum inæquilaterum, s/7/o laterali, stigmate destructo. Achenia
oblique obovata. Unum vidi f. mase., clavatum clausum, phyllis
3 obovato-spathulatis concavis. Stamina 2, subinæqualia, fila-
mentis brevibus, connectivo crasso, dorso sub angulo acuto promi-
nulo, loculis 2 anticis pallidis. Cl. Kunth folia in sp. culto subtus
pilosiuscula vidit (Ind. Sem. H. berol. 1846, p. 22.)

Tas. III. B. Sycomorus Capensis, folium n.m.; a, fl. masc.;
6, stamen ; e, fl. fem. fere maturus, a.m.

10. Sycomorus gzaphalocarpa. Ficus gnaphalocarpa, Steudel
in Sched. Schimp. H.Abyss. Sect. IL n. 874.) Ramulis nascen-
tibus circa nodos petiolisque hirtis, foliis breviter petiolatis obovato-
ellipticis acutiusculis, basi leviter cordatis, presertim margine -
exteriore serrato-denticulatis, supra asperiusculis inque nervo hir- -
tellis, subtus scabriuscule puberulis, subtrinerviis costulisque |
utrinque 2-3-patule adscendentibus, receptaculis pedunculatis |
obovato-globosis basi leviter attenuatis sericeo-hirtellis, unes :
triyhyllo.

Has. Ad montium latera versus fluvium Tacazze infra Dchelad-
scheranne, 1 Maii, 1840. (Schimper !)

Arbor magna? Rami teretes læves glabri, in didi
confertis tubereulati. —Pefioli 5 mm. longi, antice canaliculati.

Folia 5 cent. no 3 isis, eirmod 7. er

114 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

centes. Receptaculorum Situs in sp. supp. haud satis liquet;
ramulo aphyllo inserta videntur. Pedunculi pubescentes sensim
glabrati nunc angulati 1-1} cent. longi. Involucri phylla 3 ovata
parva puberula decidua. Æeceptacula in brevem stipitem constricta,
ore bracteis parvis concavis crassiusculis fere occlusa, 14 cent. in
diam., intus sub ore bracteis oblongis obtusis instructa. Flores
plerique feminei, pauci superiores masculini. Fem. Perigonium
hyalinum tenerum ægre perscrutandum, irregulariter triphyllum,
phyllo uno plerumque bifido, omnibus basi subcohærentibus an-
gustis irregulariter pauci-serratis, in alabastra omnia coalitavidentur
ita ut hoc juniore setate sit vesiculosum, serius rumpens. Ova-
rium oblique oblongo-obovatum fuscescens duriusculum, s/7/o ex
apice laterali vel demum ventrali brevi in stigma basi tumidulum
carnosum lanceolatum subcochleatum angustum vel magis dila-
tatum desinente. Stigmata, forma variabilia, omnia fere inter
se cohærentia attamen separabilia. Mase. Perigonii triphylli
phylla concava elliptica. Stamina 2.

ll. Sycomorus ? riparia. (Ficus riparia, Hochst. in Sched.
Schimp. Fl. Abyss. sect. TIT. n. 1585.) Foliis elliptico- vel oblongo- -
lanceolatislanceolatisque obtusiuscule attenuatis coriaceis, præsertim
subtus punctulato-subasperulis integerrimis, trinerviis et utrinque
4—5 costulatis, stipulis parvis ovatis acuminatis supra convolutis
dorso sericeis, receptaculis ramulos aphyllos racemosis breviter
pedunculatis ovatis basi in stipitem brevem constrictis cum pedun-
culo subpuberulis.

Has. Ad rivos in districtu Mandel, 20 Apr. 1841. (Schimper !)

“ Arbor ingens, fructibus ad truncum et ramos crassiores.”
Folia longiuscule petiolata, 8-10 cent. longa. Receptacula ceraso
paullo minora superne aliquid attenuata, basi Jracteis 3. parvis
deciduis instructa, ore pluribus occlusa, intus bracteata. Mores
plerique destructi; perigonia 8-phylla, phyllis inzequalibus.

Obs. Dubia quodammodo in hoc genere hee species mihi
. videbatur, cum folia ab omnibus congeneribus multum differant.

Receptacula autem procul dubio ad sycomori speciem pertinent —

. Cum autem hzc a ramo foliifero sejuncta sint, suspicio orta "s E.
.. mum folia illa huc revere pertinent.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 115

12. Sycomori species videtur, Sieb. Fl. Maurit., (n.?); sed ob
receptacula deficientia nondum describenda.

Obs. Ficus Dahro, Delil. l. c. cujus specimen teste cl. Hoch-
stetten (Mora, 1844, p. 99.) in coll. Schimp. sect. 1. innominatum
exstat, a me non visa, cum Sye. panifica atque Schimperiana
comparanda.

Species hujus generis a me nondum vise, verisimiliter hue
referendæ.

1. Ficus Sur, Forsk. l. c. p. 180. Foliis lanceolatis repandis
glaberrimis basi subcordatis.

Has. Arabia. (Forsk.)

Arbor Sycomoro similis. Rami apice villosi. Folia latiusculo-
lanceolata, dentato-repanda, subcoriacea, lævia, subtus reticulata,
pallida. Petiolus subtus villosus. Stipule villose. Fructus
prope truncum conferti, ovi columbini magnitudine. Forsk.

2. Ficus Zateriflora, Vahl. Enum. II. p.197; (F. morifolia,
Lam. Encycl. Yl. p. 499.) Foliis cordato-ovatis acutis glabris,
fructibus globosis pedunculatis.

Has. Ins. Borbonie.

Folia obtuse serrata, vix scabra, tripollicaria, facie foliorum
Mori. Fructus in ramorum parte nuda sparsi.

3. Ficus mauritiana, Lam. l. e. p. 499. (F. obtusata Link,
Enum. TI. p. 450.) Foliis cordato-ovatis subtus tomentosis,
asperis, ramis fructigeris nudis dependentibus, fructibus turbinato-
globosis.

Has. Ins. Borboniæ. (Commers.)

Folia 6—1-pollicaria. Fructus magnitudine nucis juglandis, basi
calyce 3-phyllo. Pedunculi gemini (Lam.) Rami apice villoso-
tomentosi, sordide flavescentes. Folia spithamea, ovata, basi
cordata, grosse serrata, acuminata, supra levia, subtus flavescenti-
villoso-subtomentosa, utrinque venosa. Petioli 3-pollicares, vil-
loso-subtomentosi. (Vahl. 1. c. p. 196.) Quam J'aAZius citat Hort.
Mal. Tab. (III. Tab. 61.), et alia sp. ex ins. Philippinis certo
quidem huc non referendæ. An. huc Willd. Hib.n.19310? ——

4. Ficus Forskalii, Vahl. Enum. Il. p. 196. Foliis cordato-
ovatis (serratis) utrinque scabris peto nies. oam mori-
folia, Forsk. 1. c. P 179. eer VOIR

116 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

Has. In Arabia. Folia semispithamea, acuta, alterna. Séipule
lineari-lanceolatæ.

5. Ficus Twab. Forsk. l. c. 219. “Foliis ovatis petiolatis con-
jugatis," nisi olim ex nomine Arabico recognescenda, semper
dubia, probabiliter ex ordine excludenda. Arabia.

6. Ficus Chanas, Forsk, l. c. p. 219. Foliis cordatis scabris.
In montosis Arabie. Sycomoro similis. Fructus edulis. Anne
Sycomorus trachyphylla ?

7. Ficus umbellata, Vahl. L c. p. 182. Foliis exacte cordi-
formibus acuminatis glabris, pedunculis tri- quinque-umbellatis. -

Has. In Guinea (Zhonning.)

“ Arbor alta, patentissima, ramis sparsis vel verticillatim sub-
adproximatis, ramulis teretibus, glabris. Folia sparsa, paullo
longiora quam lata, albido-costata, tenuissime reticulata, subtus
læte viridia, quadri- septem-pollicaria. Petiolus dimidia folii lon-
gitudine. Pedunculi in ramis adultioribus pollicares. Calyx
bifidus. Fructus globosus, tuberculo umbilicatus, glaber, viridis,
magnitudine pruni.” Thonn. l.e.

(To be continued.)

Contributions to the Flora of Guiana. Enumeration of Plants
collected in British, Dutch, and French Guiana, by Sig ROBERT
and Richarp Scromsurex, Dr. Hosrmanx, M. LEPRIEUR,
and others. By Groncx Bentuam, Esq.

Since the commencement of the publication of Sir Robert -
Schomburgk’s collection in former volumes of this Journal,* very —
considerable additions have been made to them by himself and
brother, during their last visit to British Guiana. Dr. Hostmann
has also supplied our Herbaria with above a thousand species
from Surinam, and I have obtained from various sources a consi-

. derable number of those collected in French Guiana, and it has

= * Hook. Journ. Bot. vol. ii. p. 38, 127, 210; vol. ii. p. 99, 321. Lond. Joum-
. Bot. vol. i. p. 193; vol. ii. p. 42, 359, 670 ; vol. iv. p.622; vol. v. p.351. -

FLORA OF GUIANA. 117

occurred to me that it might be advantageous to modify, in some
respects, the plan hitherto followed in describing Schomburgk’s
collections. Instead of confining myself to them exclusively,
I propose henceforth to give a complete enumeration of all the
species of each group hitherto published as natives of Guiana,
commencing with those natural orders not touched upon in my
former papers. In this enumeration the species which I do not
possess, or have not examined myself, will be found distinguished
by an asterisk (*), the stations thus given on the authority of others
being enclosed in a parenthesis. There are also a few species of
Sir R. Schomburgk’s first collection which were gathered in
North Brazil, on the Rio Negro and the Rio Branco; these,
although not from Guiana, will be enumerated as before, but
without prefixing any number to them, and they will, moreover,
be distinguished by a cross (t) before their names.

The labels of Schomburgk's second collection have generally
two numbers; of these the first is that of Sir Robert Schomburgk,
the second, in a parenthesis, is that transmitted to Berlin by Mr.
Richard Schomburgk, and corresponds, it is believed, with those
given in Dr. Klotzsch's papers on Equatorial American plants in
the Linnea. But with regard to all these numbers, useful as they
are in the determination of distributed collections, and strongly as
it is to be recommended to monographists and other describers of
plants, not to neglect them, it must be borne in mind that they
are liable to many mistakes. The collections are usually hastily
sorted for distribution, and distinct species, bearing a general re-
semblance to each other, are often confounded under one number; —
labels bearing numbers only, when accidentally mis-placed in ——
herbaria, afford no clue to correct the mistake, and even in publi- — —
cation, a clerical or typographical error in a figure is more apt to —
be over-looked than any other. A specimen cannot, therefore, be — —
considered as absolutely authentic merely because it bears a cor- —
responding number to one published from the same collector, -
unless it is found really to agree with the description, or has been
actually compared. with the individual described ; although in nine.

VOL. VII. ; L

118 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

cases out of ten, or even in a much greater proportion, these
numbers are a safe and useful guide.

MALPIGHIACEA.

In the determination of the plants of this order, I have scrupu-
lously followed the admirable monograph of Prof. A. de Jussieu,
where the genera are so well established that there are but few
cases where a fair specimen, even without the fruit, may not be
satisfactorily referred to its genus. The identification of species is
much more difficult, especially where the specimens do not show both
flower and fruit. In some cases I have been assisted by authentic
specimens determined in my herbarium by M. de Jussieu himself; in
others, by his accurate and elaborate descriptions : the chief doubts
are in regard to some of the old-established species, which M. de
Jussieu has considered as sufficiently well characterised by previous
authors, and to which he has unfortunately not added his own
diagnosis or descriptions.

1. Byrsonima verbascifolia, Rich. A. Juss. Malp. p. 26.—Dry
savannahs, British Guiana, Schomb. lst Col. n. 91, 2nd Col.
n. 259 (447); Surinam, Hostm. n. 1296. (Cayenne, Aublet and
others.) All the Guiana specimens I have seen belong to the
common variety figured by Aublet, with very cottony leaves, and
the ovary thickly covered with hairs.

* 2. B. eriopoda, DC. A, Juss. Malp. p. 26. (Cayenne? DC.)

9. B. rugosa, sp.n. foliis obovatis basi acutis bullato-rugosis

supra glabratis v. ad venas pulverulentis subtus rufo-tomentosis

et ad costam hispidis, stipulis petiolo longioribus, calyce 10-glan- .
duloso, antheris parce hispidis, connectivo ultra loculos producto,
ovario apice hirsuto.— British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 870
(1319).
Rami crassi, novelli pilis rufis dense hispidi, adulti glabrati.
Folia 5-7 poll. longa, 2-8 poll. lata, apice sepius breviter acumi-
ata, basi longiuscule angustata in petiolum brevem, supra glabra,
nisi ad basin cost; mediæ pilulis minutis pulverulenta, nitida,
inter venas bullata, margine revoluta, subtus undique tomento brevi —
. rufescentia, costa venisque primariis valde elevatis et uti petiolus —

FLORA OF GUIANA. 119

piis longis rufis plus minus hispidis. Stipulæ axillares (ex 2
coalitæ) 8—9 lin. longæ, extus pilose. Racemi ut i Coleostachyde
basi bracteis 2 stipulæformibus vaginantibus stipati, semipedales,
fere a basi floriferi, rhachi pedicellisque ferrugineo-tomentosis.
. Bracteæ et bracteolæ omnes e specimine delapsæ. Calycis glandulæ
‘magne, laciniæ extrorsum revolute vix lined breviores. Petala
valde inæqualia, majora calyce plus triplo longiora. Filamenta
brevissima, basi pilosa et eoalita. Ovarium apice dense, basi parce
pilosum. Fructus non vidi.

This agrees in many respects with the character of B. stipulacea
of A Juss., but in that species the calyx is without glands, which
are very conspicuous in the present one. ——

4. B. ferruginea, Kunth. A. Juss. Malp. p. 37. Var. B.
macrophylla, foliis 5-8 poll. longis, supra parce presertim ad cos- — —
tam pubentibus, subtus pube densiore ferrugineis, antheris glabris. -
—British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 811 (1408). Ejusdem, —
var.? y. Moureila, folis 21-34 poll. longis, antheris pilosis.— ——
Guiana and Trinidad, Anderson. s

The variety 8 is remarkable for its large leaves and well- — d
furnished raceme, and I can find no hairs on its anthers, otherwise — —
it agrees well with the descriptions of B. ferruginea. The var.y ——
has precisely the foliage of some forms of B. crassifolia, but the —
ovary is densely clothed with rusty-coloured hairs. It includes, -
probably, the hairy-fruited Malpighia Moureilu of Aublet.

5. B. crassifolia, Kunth. A. Juss. Malp. p. 37.—British.
Guiana, Schomb. lst Col. n. 57; Cayenne, Leprieur, Martin ;
(Surinam, Focke.) This is said by Schomburgk to be a low,
stunted tree, frequent on the savannahs of the Parime and Conocon
mountains, known under the Caribe name of Mowlae-ie. The
bark is used at Fort S. Joaquim for tanning, and by the Indians
for painting paddles, arrow-points, etc. a

B., pube “Fm in folio adulto sæpe evanido.—A stunted
shrub, on dry savannahs, Parime mountains and Pirarara, Schomb.
lst Col. n. 712, and Zad Col. n. 266 (389); Surinam, Hostm.
n. 810. The specimens from Schomburgk’s 2nd Col. have the
— leaves longer, and the reticulations finer, and may possibly be the

L2 ae

120 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

Malpighia altissima of Aublet, which Jussieu considers as scarcely
distinct from B. crassifolia.

6. B. Hostmanni, sp. n., foliis oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis
acuminatis basi acutis subcoriaceis supra glabris subtus adpresse
ferrugineo-puberulis, venis crebris subparallelis, calyce 10-glandu-
loso, antheris glabris connectivo ultra loculos breviter producto,
ovario glaberrimo. B. lanceolata, Mig. Linnea, 18. p. 602. an DCP
—Moist woods, Surinam, Hostm. n. 1009.

Arbor 30-pedalis, affinis B. crassifohiæ, sed folia minus coriacea et
magis acuminata, pubes paginæ inferioris brevissima, ferruginea, ad-
pressa, in foliis novellis nitens, demum derasa, et venatio diversa;
venz enim primarie ut in B. sericea et B. spicata numerose,
tenues, multo magis quam in B. crassifolia a costa divergunt.
Species caeterum a D. sericea et B. spicata quibus habitu accedit,
differt antheris ovario et pube. Racemus multiflorus, pedunculis
brevibus plerisque bifloris. Bracteæ et bracteole parve acute.
Petala sulfurea.

This species is evidently that described by Miquel (Linnea,
vol. 18. p. 602.) as the B. Zanceolata, DC., or Malpighia lanceolata,
Poir., but that plant is expressly stated by A. de Jussieu to be a
var. of B. crassifolia, with hairy anthers. The n. 1009 of Host-
mann here quoted, is referred by Miquel (Linnæa, vol. 18. p. 736.)
to a narrow-leaved form of B. crassifolia, which may possibly
have been transmitted under that number in some collections.
Hochstetter mentions it merely as a new species of Byrsonima.

7. B. spicata, Rich. A. Juss. Malp. p. 40.—Sandy hills,
British Guiana, Schomb. lst Col. n. 469, 2ud Col. n. 126 (57).

It is described by Schomburgk as a large tree. The flowers
are yellow. The berries eaten by Curassows, pigeons, etc.

8. B. propinqua, sp. n., foliis breviter petiolatis ovali-oblongis
acuminatis basi acutis glaberrimis v. novellis subtus pilis parvis
conspersis, venis primariis crebris, calyce 10-glanduloso, antheris —
glabris connectivo ultra loculos vix producto, ovario apice piloso.—
British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 143 (1335) |
. Affinis varietatibus grandifoliis B. spicate, sed petiolus multo

brevior et ovarium pilosum. Haud etiam absimilis specim. Martiano

FLORA OF GUIANA. 121

(Herb. Fl. Bras. n. 651) B. dumeliefolia glabrifolie, sed in hac
etiam ovarium glaberrimum. Folia B. propinque nostre 3-5-
pollicaria. Venatio B. spicatæ. Inflorescentia etiam consimilis.
Bractez minores.

* 9. B. Zœvigata, DC.,—A. Juss. Malp. p. 48. (Cayenne,
Richard.)

This I have not seen, unless the two following species, which
are evidently in many respects allied to it, should prove to be mere
varieties.

10. B. ceranthera, sp. n., foliis obovato- v. oblongo-ellipticis
vix acuminatis basi acutis glabris preter costam subtus pilosam,
petiolis ramulisque novellis rufo-pilosis, calyce 10-glanduloso, an-
theris hirsutis, connectivo clavato ultra loculos producto, his in
acumen longum desinentibus, ovario apice piloso.—On the Esse-
quibo and Ripunoony, Sckomb. lst Col. n. 525. — :

Arbor 20-pedalis. Ramuli subteretes, novelli, petioli et stipulæ
pilis rufis adpressis vestiti; rami adulti et etiam interdum petioli
demum denudati. Stipule axillares, breves, latze, extus villose.
Folia pleraque semipedalia, 2—3 poll. lata, petiolo 4—6 lin. longo,
apice acutata v. raro rotundata, nunc breviter acuminata, consis-
tentia chartaceo-subcoriacea, adulta utrinque glabra, juniora subtus
ad costam rufo-pilosa et novella pilis minutis pubescentia, siccitate
rufescentia, supra nitidula, reticulato-venosa, venis majoribus
inter primariis sat distantibus. Racemi 4-5-pollicares, rhachi
bracteis pedicellisque ferrugineo-tomentellis. Bracteæ et bracteolæ |
brevissimæ, semiorbiculatæ. Flores majusculi. Calycis laciniæ
latæ, obtusæ, rufo-pubescentes. Petala valde inæqualia, roseo-alba.
Anthere lute, pilis appressis tectæ, lineares, apice loculis in
acumen a summo connectivo subbreviore liberum productis quasi
bicornes. Ovarium superne pilosum, basi fere glabrum. ae

The structure of the anthers is that of B. Zevigata, but the -
branches are neither compressed nor smooth as in that species, -
and the leaves are much larger and different in form. The ©
B. dicorniculata, A. Juss.; has also the two horned anthers, but —
they are glabrous and of a different shape. The berries of B. ceran- -

thera are said to be eatable. iio cis o 5 00 $55

122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

t B. inundata, sp. n., ramulis novellis ferrugineo-tomentosis

mox glabratis, folis ovatis oblongis sublanceolatisve obtusis basi ——

cuneatis rotundatisve subcoriaceis glabris reticulato-venosis supra
nitidulis, calyce 10-glanduloso, antheris pilosis, connectivo clavato
loculos brevissime mucronato-acuminatos superante, ovario apice
piloso.—On the Rio Negro, Schomb. lst Col. n. 909.

Frutex ad ripas fluviorum et vulgo in locis inundatis crescens.
Ramuli elongati, foliorum paribus distantibus. Stipulæ brevissime,
late, acute. Petioli breves. Folia 3—5 poll. longa, 1—2 poll.
lata, basi raro acuta; venæ primariæ irregulares, pagina inferior
glaberrima sed squamulis minutis rufescens. ^ Pedicelli subses-
siles, solitarii v. gemini, 4—5 lin. longi, uti rhachis tomento
minuto rufescentes. Bracteæ minute. Calycis laciniæ breves,
late, pube appressa rufescentes. Petala valde inæqualia, pallide
rosea. Antheree luteæ.

This species is also near the B. Zzvigata, but the branches are
not compressed, and the appendages of the anthers are reduced to
minute points.

11. B. densa, DC., A. Vin Map. p. 49.— Cayenne, Martin,
(Leprieur.)

- The leaves are rather smaller than in the St. Vincent's speci-
mens thus determined in my herbarium by M. de Jussieu, more
shining, and without any trace of hairs even in their young state,

but the peculiar anthers, small petals, &e., are - those of
D. densa.

12. B. concinna, sp. n., tota glaberrima v. pitis - in petiolis n
ramulisque perpaucis, foliis ovatis vix acuminatis basi acutis cori-
aceis utrinque nitidis, bracteis ovatis submembranaceis calyceque
10-glanduloso glaberrimis, antheris glabris, connectivo clavato
ultra loculos producto, ovario glaberrimo.— British Guiana, Schomb.
2nd Col. n. 587 (912). *

Hine B. dense, hine B. vaccinizfolie similis. Folia quam in —
. hae majora, minora tamen illis B. dense, antheris ab utraque —

diversa. Folia pleraque 2-24 pollicaria, 1-12 poll. lata, utrinque ——

. viridia, reticulato-venosa, petiolo 2-3 lin. longo appresse villoso — :

FUE ae Stipulæ breves, late, obtuse. Racemi ters

FLORA OF GUIANA. 123

densi v. basi interrupti. Pedicelli 2-4-ni, sessiles. Bracteæ læves,
ovatæ obtusissimæ, inferiores 2-3 lin. longæ ; bracteolæ similes
sed minores. Calyx glaberrimus nec pili ulli in flore apparent
nisi circa ovarium et in tubo stamineo. Antheræ oblongæ, re-
curvæ, connective breviter producto.

13. B. bracteolaris, sp. n., foliis ovatis obovatisve vix acumi-
natis basi acutis coriaceis nitidulis, bracteis ovatis, rhachi pedicellis
calyceque 10-glanduloso rufo-villosis, antheris glabris, connectivo
clavato loculos subduplo superante, ovario glaberrimo.— British
Guiana, Schomb., single specimen.

Species primo intuitu ab icone B. wi/idissime, Kunth. haud
absimilis, sed folia basi acuta et subtus glaberrima. Frutex
videtur ramosissimus. Ramuli novelli rufo-villosi, mox tamen
glabrati. Folia 2-8 poll. longa, 11-2 poll. lata, obtusa v. bre-
vissime et obtuse acuminata, venis primariis a costa valde diver-
gentibus numerosis. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi. Stipulæ parvæ.
Racemi 3-5 poll. longi, pedunculo, rhachi pedicellisque dense fer-
rugineo-villosis. Bracteæ persistentes 1-13 lin. longæ, crassiuscule,
pubescentes, apice recurve, inferiores sæpe in foliolum petiolatum
2-3 lin. longum excrescentes. Bracteolæ consimiles sed minores.
Pedicelli breves, recurvi, sessiles, solitarii v. gemini. Calycis
laciniæ extus dense rufo-villosæ. Petala paullo majora iis D. dense.
Annulus stamineus dense rufo-villosus. Anthere iis B. dense
subsimiles, loculi tamen ratione connectivi majores. Drupa fore =
globosa, glabra, 3 lin. diametro. i

14. B. Sehomburgkiana, sp. n., foliis obovali-oblongis. [eeu |
acuminatis basi acutis chartaceis glabris, petiolis brevibus rufo-
villosis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, pedicellis calyceque 10-glandu-
loso villosulis, antheris hirtis connectivo clavato recurvo loculos -
superante, ovario glaberrimo.—Stony situations in woods idet :
savannahs, British Guiana, Schomb. 1st Col. n. 60, partly, and
n. 786 ; 2nd Col. n. 507 (111).

Arbor ramulis ultimis abbreviatis novellis dense pee e
ramis glabratis. Folia ad apices ramulorum conferta, 4-5 poll.
longa, 13-24 poll. lata, apice rotundata et vulgo in acumen breve
acutum producta, sat dentis. sise at non ids subtus, dn

124 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

obtecta squamellis minutis et siccitate canescentia v. pallide rufes- - :

centia. Petioli breves, pilis rufis subadpressis dense vestiti.
Racemi laxi, majores semipedales. Pubes pedunculorum et caly-
cium rufa, laxe subadpressa, facile detergibilis. Bracteæ 13-2
lin. longæ, quam in omnibus affinibus angustiores, membranaceæ ;
bracteole consimiles sed breviores. Pedicelli sessiles, solitarii v.
gemini. Calycis laciniz late, suborbiculatz. Petala majuscula,
pallide rosea. Antherz lineares, flavee.

15. B. sessilifolia, sp. n., foliis sessilibus obovatis glabris, im-
florescentia rufo-villosa, calycis 10-glandulosi laciniis extus glabris
intus villosis, antheris apice hirtis, ovario glaberrimo.— British.
Guiana, Schomb. lst Col. sent with B. Schomburgkiana, under
n. 60.

Folia illis B. Sehomburgkiane latiora, obtusiora imo sæpe retusa,
crassiora vix tamen coriacea, versus basin angustata et ibidem
obtusa, in ramulo glabro arcte sessilia. Stipulæ brevissime,
late. Racemus 3-pollicaris. Bracteæ ovate. Flores majusculi.
Calyces ab omnibus quas vidi Byrsonimis differunt laciniis intus
nec extus villosis; pili etiam pauci adsunt in tubo calycino inter
glandulos exteriores. Antheræ in omnibus floribus ab insectis
plus minus apice lesz sed lineares videntur, connectivo clavato
ultra loculos breviter (v. vix ?) producto.

* 16. B. gymnocalycina, A. Juss. Monogr. p. 50. (Demerara,
Parker.) gs

* 17. Coleostachys genipæfolia, A. Juss. Monogr. p. 60, t. V. —
(Cayenne, Martin.)

18. C. vestita, sp. n., ramulis novellis racemoque rufo-villosis-
simis, foliis ovali-oblongis ellipticisve crassis supra villosissimis
subtus dense lanatis, racemo simplici, calyce 10-glanduloso, stami-
nibus glabris.— Mountains of British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col.
a single specimen.

Frutex 15-20-pedalis. Ramuli novelli pilis longis mollibus
rufis dense vestiti, adulti denudati. Stipule circa 9 lin. longe,
cum petiolo et inter se usque ad medium v. ultra connatz, ramulum
. vaginantes, parte libera ovata acuminata, membranaceæ, striate, ——
. pilis longis molliter villosæ. Petiolorum pars libera 2-3 lin. longa, —

pA
Fa

FLORA OF GUIANA. 125

dense villosa. Folia 14-8 poll. longa, 1-11 poll. lata, apice
obtusa v. breviter acutata, mucrone molli terminata, basi obtusa v.
subcordata, crassa, mollia, supra pilis rigidulis dense velutino-
v. subsericeo-villosissima, subtus lanugine intertexta albido-rufes-
cente dense obtecta, Racemi 3-4-pollicares, floribundi, basi
bracteis 2 stipulis summis brevioribus vaginati. Rhachis villis
mollibus ferrugineis patentibus vestita. Bracteæ et bracteolæ
parve, lanceolate, caducissimæ. Pedicelli solitarii v. gemini,
sessiles, 4~5 lin. longi, ferrugineo-villosi. Calyx florens vix 2 lin.
longus, 5-partitus, segmentis basi crassiusculis apice membranaceis
villosissimis, glandulis parvis ; fructifer valde auctus. quasi 5-alatus;
segmentis 6 lin. longis, basi profunde cordatis, ovatis acutiusculis
v.subobtusis membranaceis retieulato-venosis rufescentibus pilis
paucis sparsis hirtis. Petala 5, lutea, calyce florifero duplo longiora,
parum inæqualia, glabra, lamina ovato-cordata margine crispula,
leviter crenulata. Stamina 8 (an interdum 10?) glabra, libera ;
filamenta inferne dilatata. Antheræ filamento subduplo breviora,
connectivo crassiusculo loculos excedente, his terminatis aristula
rigida fusca. Annulus pilorum longus et densus inter stamina et
ovarium. Ovarium glabrum, subglobosum, triloculare, loculo uno
alterove interdum abortiente. Styli tres, filiformes, acuti. Fructus
sphzeroideo-subtriqueter, integer, indehiscens ?, extus venis elevatis

reticulato-rugosus, crustaceus, 1-3-locularis. Semina funiculo

brevi appensa. Integumentum tenue. Cotyledones planæ, carnosæ,
altera paullo majore basi margine in alterum recurvo. Badio |
accumbens, ad apicem fructus spectans. |
This differs from Jussieu’s character of Coleostachys, by the :
ovarium being entirely undivided, but the other features, especially -
the calyx enlarged after flowering, and the habit are precisely those
of Coleostachys.
19. C. hypoleuca, sp. n., foliis ovatis obtusis subcordatis coriaceis _
glabris subtus niveis, racemo composito, calyce basi vix glanduloso, -
staminibus pilosissimis.— British Guiana, Sehomb. 2nd Col. n. "r
(1043.) :
Ramuli et petioli juniores, stipulæ et infonscentis ville vate
dense vestita, rami adulti glabrati. gto ame

NOL. VIL . M

126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

axillares, 6-8 lin. longæ. Folia 21-4 poll. longa, 1-21 poll. lata,
obtusissima, majora basi plus minus cordato-truncata, minora basi
rotundato-cuneata, ommia crassa, coriacea, marginata, nervis pri-
maris tenuibus crebris reteque venularum utrinque conspicuis,
supra glabra at non lucida, subtus ad costam mediam pilis paucis
rufis onusta, ceterum glabra sed stratu quasi calcareo niveo ob-
ducta. Racemus terminalis, cum pedunculo 44 poll. longus, basi
stipulis 2 semipollicaribus connatis vaginatus. Umbelle 4-fioræ
secus axin breviter pedunculate. Pedicelli 3-4 lin. longi, in
umbella sessiles. Bracteæ breves, setacez. Calyx 5-fidus, per
anthesin 2 lin. longus, extus rufo-villosus ; laciniæ ovato-triangu-
gulares inzequales, margine tenues, basi crasse, glandulis parvis
immersis sub villis fere occultis v. omnino evanidis; post anthesin
calyx increscit sed fructifer haud suppetit. Petala breviter ungui-
culata, inæqualia, obovato-concava, margine eroso-denticulata, glabra
v. dorso ad unguem breviter pilosa, majora 3 lin. longa. Recep-
taculum dense et longe rufo-pilosum. Filamenta vix basi brevis-
sime connata, uti antheræ pilis densis longissimis hirsuta; con-
nectivum crasso-clavatum, glabrum v. pilis raris hirtum, loculos
breviter superans. Ovaria glaberrima, in uno flore alte connata
vidi, in altero fere distincta, intus sub apice stylifera. Styli longi-
usculi, graciles, acutiusculi. Fructus haud suppetit.

This has not precisely the inflorescence of the two last, and the
fruit is unknown, but the calyx appears to be that of Coleostachys,
as well as the bracts and stipules.

+ Lophanthera Kunthiana, A. Juss., Malp. p. 62.—On the Rio
Negro, Schomb. lst Col. n. 905.

20. Pterandra latifolia, A. Juss., Malp. p. 64.—British Guiana,
Schomb., à single specimen.

21. Spachea elegans, A. Juss., Malp. p. 72. (Demerara, Rodsch.)
—Shady woods, Surinam, Hostm., n. 57 and 1043. These speci-
mens differ slightly from the figure in Delessert’s Icones, by the
leaves, which are oblong, or even obovate, and rounded at the —
extremity with a very short point, and not narrowed into along —

point. In other respects they agree with Jussieu's character and — —
figure, and some of Hostmann’s specimens, numbered 57, are spe- _

FLORA OF GUIANA. 127

cially referred here by the monographist. Steudel, in the Flora,
1844, p. 756, refers Hostmann’s n. 1043, to Byrsonima densa,
but all the specimens I have seen belong, certainly, to the Spachea.
Hostmann describes it as a tree with pink flowers.

22. Bunchosia (Malacmæa) mollis, sp. n., foliis ovatis breviter
acuminatis subtus ramulisque molliter villosis, calyce 8-glanduloso,
ovario 3-loculari glabro, stylis distinctis.—Pirarara, British Guiana,
Schomb. Lst Col. n. 742.

Frutex 12-18-pedalis, ramis subscandentibus. Ramuli novelli
dense villosi, adulti plus minus glabrati. Stipulæ minute intra villos
petiolorum absconditæ. Petioli raro linea longiores, dense villosi.
Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 14-8 poll. lata v. suprema minora, ex ovato
rhomboidea, pleraque breviter acuminata, infra medium angustata,
ima basi sæpius obtusa, molliter herbacea, novella utrinque dense
villosa, adulta supra fere glabrata. Pili partium juniorum aurati.
Racemi ad apices ramulorum axillarium diphyllorum solitarii,
2—4-pollicares, flavo-villosi. Bractez breves, villosee. . Pedunculi
infra articulationem vix lineam longi, bibracteolati, bracteola una
v. sæpius utraque glandulifera. Pedicelli circa 4 lin. longi. Flores
magnitudine B. nitide v. paullo majores. Calycis glandulæ majus-

cule, omnes distincte ; laciniæ membranaceæ, extus pilosulæ.
Stamina, receptaculum et ovarium glaberrima. Styli a basi dis- =
tincti, apice truncati et subcapitato-stigmatiferi. Fructus non —
vidi, sed ovarium jam post anthesin auctum subglobosum est car- _
nosum et læve. oe e
23. B. nitida, Rich.—A. Juss, Malp. p. 82.— Cayenne,
Martin. S adim
24. Lophopterys splendens, A. Juss. Malp. p. 100. — British
Guiana, Rick. Schomb. n. 1536 (Guiana, Herb. Delessert). =
Specimina florentia ad speciem a cl. Juss. adumbratam et in
iconibus Lessertianis depictam pertinere videntur. Folia (pedalia), d
inflorescentia, calyces 4-glandulosi, et ovarium optime conveniunt.
Petala fere 6 lin. longa, longiuscule unguiculata, oblique orbicu-
lari-ovata, margine leviter denticulata. Filamenta crassa, glabra, -
apice attenuata. Anthere glabræ, inappendiculatæ, connectivo ;

128 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

loculis breviore, his infra connectivum longiuscule productis,
liberis. Styli apice truncato-subdilatati. Fructus ipse non vidi.

25. Brachypterys borealis, A. Juss., Malp. p. 102.— Cayenne,
Martin ; Surinam, Host. n. 287 (and 278?)

* 26. Stigmaphyllon Aypoleucum, Mig. Linnea, 18, p. 51. (Su-
rinam, Focke.)

* 27. S, sinuatum, A. Juss. Malp. p. 107. (Cayenne, Richard.)

28. S. latifoliwn, sp. n., foliis ovato-suborbiculatis basi late
cordatis breviter acuminatis obsolete angulatis et minute ciliolatis
utrinque glabris v. vix ad venas puberulis, antheris glabris, stylis
apice foliaceis, samaris puberulis a latere cristatis, ala oblonga
divaricata basi antice appendiculata.—Surinam, Hostm. n. 146.

Affine S, ciliato et presertim 8. Humboldtiano, a priori imprimis
foliis basi sinu valde aperto nec profunde cordatis, ab hac glabritie
differt. Folia majora 3—4 poll. longa et lata, superiora minora et
angustiora. Petioli apice biglandulosi. Rami floriferi compressi,
apice bis terve dichotomi. Folia floralia raro pollicaria, basi acuta.
Umbellæ sessiles v. terminales, multifloræ. Calyces uti tota inflo- `
rescentia puberuli. Ceterum flores et inflorescentia valde similes
iis S. Humboldtiana, cujus forsan erit forma glabrescens. Samare,
in specimine nondum mature, jam ala 9 lin. longa donate.

29, S. fulgens, A. Juss. Malp. p. 116.—Cayenne, Martin.

Folia nonnulla obscure sinuato-lobata at non angulata, nec lobi
muecronati uti de 8. sizuafo predicatur. Cetera omnia cum
S. fulgenti conveniunt. |

* 80. S. Richardianum, A. Juss., Malp. p. 118. (Cayenne,
Richard.)

31. S. purpureum, sp. n., foliis late cordiformibus suborbicu-
latis obtusis mucronatis subtus pube brevi nitentibus, antheris
glabris, stylis apice foliaceis, samaræ puberule lateribus tubercu-
latis v. obscure cristatis, ala oblonga basi introrsum —
—Pirarara, Sehomb. 1st Col. n. 737.

S. Martiano et S. Richardiano affine, a priore differt foliorum

forma, et samaris non cristatis ; multo magis convenit cum descr. - -

Jussiæana S. Richardiani, sed petioli longiores et petala (teste —

FLORA OF GUIANA. 129

Schomburgkio quod etiam in specim. siccis apparet) atropurpurea,
ungue tantum leviter lutescente. Folia 2-3 poll. longa et lata,
supra glabra v. ad costas puberula, non nitida, subtus pube nitente
canescentia v. albida. Petioli superiorum $ poll., inferiorum
2—25 poll. longi, puberuli, apice subtus biglandulosi, stipulis latis
caducissimis. Rami floriferi 1-6 poll. longi, aphylli (foliis nempe
floralibus ad bracteam biglandulosam reductis) apice bis ter
quaterve2—3-chotome ramosi; umbellis in axillis ramorum sessilibus
et ramulos terminantibus 4-8-floris. Peduncli 1-1} lin. longi,
uti pedicelli duplo longiores, puberuli, ad articulationem bibrac-
teolati. Petala 8 majora eucullato-concava, margine leviter cre-
nulato-fimbriata. Anthere glaberrime. Styli apice foliaceo-dila-
tati. Samarze facie interiore concave, extus adpresse pubescentes,
a latere nudæ v. obscure tuberculato-cristate, ala divaricata polli-
cari medio 5 lin. lata glabrescente, appendicula baseos lineam
longa, 2 lin. lata, obtusa.

32. S. convolvulifolium, A. Juss. Malp. p. 120.— Surinam,
Hostm. n. 146, 706, and 1029. (On the Essequebo, Meyer.)

33. S. puberum, A. Juss. Malp. p.122.—Surinam, Zlostm.
n. 963 and 965. (Essequebo, Meyer; Cayenne, Richard.)

B. Schomburgkianum, folis floralibus caulinis conformibus v.
angustioribus plerisque bipollicaribus.— British Guiana, Schomb.
2ud Col. n. 819 (1500).

* 34. S. periplocafolium, A. Juss. Malp. p. 126. (Guiana.)

35. Banisteria Zucida, Rich. A. Juss. Malp. p. 157.—Cayenne,
Martin, |

36. B. lobulata, E. Mey. A. Juss. Malp. p. 158.—Surinam,
Hostm. n. 1027, also probably a very poor specimen from British
Guiana, Schom. 2nd Col. n. 874. (1505)

* 31. B. divaricata, A. Juss. Malp. p. 158. (Guiana, Richard.)

t B. Schomburgkiana, sp. n., ramulis sericeis, foliis ovatis
oblongisve acuminatis basi acutiusculis membranaceis supra pubes- -
centibus subtus argenteo-sericeis, paniculis axillaribus terminali-
busque foliatis, pedunculis brevibus apice bibracteolatis, pedicello —
longiore calyceque eglanduloso argenteo-sericeis.—On the Rio ——
Branco, Sehomb. 1st Col. n. 844. : oe

130 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

Frutex scandens, floribus roseis, in omnibus cum icone et des-
criptione Kunthii Banisterie argentea, A. Juss., (Heteropteryde,
Kunth,) exacte convenit, nisi calycibus eglandulosis. An ejus
varietas? Fructus ex ovario vix deflorato Banisteria. Petala,
stamina (antheris 3 difformibus), ovaria et styli omnino B. argentee.

* 38. B. Martiniana, A. Juss. Malp. p. 159. (Cayenne, Mart.)

39. B. leptocarpa, sp. n., foliis ovatis oblique acuminatis glabris
v. supra pilis paucis inspersis coriaceis supra lucidis subtus con-
coloribus v. ferrugineis margine hinc inde glanduloso-denticulatis,
panieulis axillaribus terminalibusque multifloris, calyce eglandu-
loso, antheris glabris connectivo majorum excrescente, stylis
glabris, samarze a latere binervate ala antice rectilinea basi longe
angustata.—Cayenne, Martin; British Guiana, Schomb. 1st Col.
single specimen ; also probably a very bad specimen in the 2ad
Col. n. 651. (999)

Rami juniores leviter compressi, brevi tomento ferruginei, adulti
teretes glabrati, annulo nullo ad nodos. Folia 3-4 poll. longa,
2—21 poll. lata, anguste v. late ovata, in acumen breve desinentia
basi obtusa v. levissime subcordata, margine denticulis minutis
remotis notata, quorum alii acuti alii glanduliformes, supra pilis
paucis medifixis interdum conspersa et subtus ad venas tomento
raro ferrugineo pubentia, ceterum glabra nec subtus albicantia.
Paniculæ oblonge multiflorze, semel, bis, terve racemosim ramosæ,
umbellis ramulos terminantibus 4-floris, lateralibus sepe 2—3-floris,
Pedicelli glabelli, graciles, 5—6 lin. longi, in umbellis sessiles, basi
bracteolis parvis suffulti. Calyces fere glabri laciniis ovatis per
anthesin vix linea longioribus. Petala glabra calyce triplo longiora.
Stamina glabra, valde inzqualia; trium antheræ multo majores
connectivo valde excrescente. Ovaria villosissima. Styli graciles,
apice capitato-stigmatiferi. Samare sericeo-villosæ, venis utrinque
2 parum prominentibus notate; ala demum 10-11 lin. longa,
erecta, anguste oblonga, obbiuiuseuls; supra medium 3 hin. mis P.
basi valde angustata. 3

In many respects this comes near to Jussieu's description of
— BB. Martiniana, but he does not mention the curious teeth of the —
leaves like those of some Stigmaphylla; the leaves are not white

FLORA OF GUIANA. 131

underneath, as is said of B. Martiniana, and there also appear to
be some differences in the fruit.

* 40. B. calocarpa, Mig. Linnea, vol. 18. p. 53. (Surinam, Focke.)
41. B.? sp. n. British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 1001 (1739).
Of this I have only two very young panicles without any leaves,

except the floral ones, which are covered on both sides with soft,
silvery hairs. It appears to be different from any described Mal-
pighiacea, but the specimens are too young to determine whether
it belongs to Banisteria, Heteropterys, or Tetrapterys.

42. Heteropterys eristata, sp. n., foliis ovatis v. ovali-oblongis
acuminatis basi obtusis coriaceis lucidis utrinque glabris v. novellis
subtus adpresse villosis, panicula terminali laxa, pedunculis infra
apicem minute bibracteolatis, calyce 8-glanduloso, samaris, trans-
verse cristato-appendiculatis.— British Guiana, Schomb. 1st Col.
n, 279.

Frutex alte scandens. Rami glabriusculi lenticellis tuberculati.
Stipulæ in specimine haud obviæ. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 14-3 poll.
lata, reticulato-venosa, petiolo 3—4 lin. longo. Panicula terminalis,
pube rufa tomentosa; rami racemosim oppositi, inferiores com-

.positi, cæteri umbellas seu potius racemos in umbellas fere con-
tractos ferunt tres, quorum terminalis subsessilis, laterales pedun-
culati. Folia floralia, sub ramis parva, ovato-lanceolata, petiolata.
Bracteæ parve. Pedunculi infra articulationem 3-4 lin. longi,
infra apicem bibracteolati, bracteolis minutis appressis, Pedicelli
pedunculis subæquilongi. Calycis laciniæ rufo-pubescentes, a glan-
dulis fere omnino tectæ. Petala glabra, rosea, ungue calyce dimidio
longiore; lamina subintegra, carinato-concava, ungue brevior.
Stamina glabra; antheræ oblongæ, connectivo tenui. Ovaria
villosa. Styli crassiusculi, apice truncati intus stigmatosi. Samare
subglabræ, striato-nervosæ, cristis lateralibus irregulariter lobatis

1-2 lin. latis; ala fere pollicaris, falcato-oblonga, margine exteriore —

ultra milia: rectilinea incrassata, interiore curvilinea.
43. H.? cinerascens, sp. n., foliis elliptico-oblongis breviter et

obtuse acuminatis basi RTS eglandulosis supra glabris - |

lucidis subtus cinereo-pubentibus, paniculis axillaribus bewibts

132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

racemiformibus, pedicellis subsessilibus confertis, calyce 8-glandu-
loso, ovario hirsuto.—British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 488 (773).

Scandens videtur, ramis novellis cinereo-pubescentibus, adultis
glabratis. Stipulas non vidi. Petioli 2-3 lin. longi, cinereo-
villosi. Folia 2-4 poll. longa, 1-12 poll. lata, sæpe basi complicata,
margine subrecurva, vix coriacea sed supra nitida rete venarum
leviter prominula, subtus pilis adpressis molliter cinereo-pubescentia,
costa media venisque primariis paucis prominentibus, harum infe-
riores fere a basi folii ortæ. Panieule 1-2-pollicares, rhachi
subsericeo-pubescente, pedicellis parce pilosis. Rami breves, op-
positi. Umbelle (seu potius racemuli umbelliformes) ad apices
ramorum et panicule ipse pluriflore. Bracteæ sub ramis paniculæ
1-2 lin. long, lineari-lanceolate, sub pedunculis brevissimis
minute, cum bracteolis similibus confertæ. Pedicelli 3 lin. longi. `
Calyx parce villosus, laciniis obtusis. Petala obovali-orbiculata,
carinato-concava, subintegra, glabra. Stamina glabra. Anthere
oblong, connectivo erassiusculo loculis breviore. Ovarium dense
hirsutum. Styli erassiusculi, apice truncati. Fructus haud sup-
petit, sed ovarium vix defloratum jam in alam dorsalem excrescere
incipit, et stylus Heteropterydis nec Banisteria.

44. H. macrostachya, A. Juss, Malp. p. 118.—Small islands of
the Essequebo, Schomb. lst Col. n. 222; Surinam, Hostm. n. 891.

* 45. H. biglandulosa, A. Juss. Malp. p. 200 (Guiana).

46. H. platyptera, DC. A. Juss. Malp. p. 201.— British
Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 103, (82) and 1517 of Rich. Schomb.
Surinam, Hostm. n. 531, 895, and 1030. :

47. H. Lessertiana, A. Juss. Malp. p. 208.—Pirarara, Schomb. ——
Ist Col. n. 729, and, judging from a very bad specimen, 2nd Col.

n. 726 (1099); Surinam, Hostm. n. 127, 224 (mixed with H.
Candolleana) and 1107 (mixed with H. Candolleana and Hirea
chrysophylla).
48. H. Candolleana, A. Juss. Malp. p. 209; H. eglandulosa,
— Miq. Linnaa, vol. 18. p. 54? exel. syn.—Savannahs of the Upper
Rupunoony, Schomb. 1st Col., several single specimens, also 2nd —
Col. n. 295 (500); Cayenne, Martin; Surinam, Hostm. n.994, —

FLORA OF GUIANA. 133

(partly) and n. 1107 (partly). The leaves vary from ovate to
oblong or lanceolate, acuminate at the end, blunt at the base.

49. H. carinata, sp. n., folis ovato-lanceolatis oblongisve
novellis laxe villosis adultis glaberrimis lucidis reticulatis sub-
coriaceis eglandulosis, pedicellis apice minute bibracteolatis, calyce
8-glanduloso, petalis carinato-alatis.— British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd
Col. n. 632 (958).

Folium forma et magnitudo necnon inflorescentia omnino cum
descr. H. Martiane Juss. conveniunt, sed folia adulta glaberrima
concoloria, et glandule desunt. Pubes inflorescentiæ et foliorum
novellorum laxa, mollis, rufa. Flores H. Martiane petalis, dorso
late alatis. Fructus deest.

50 Tetrapterys mucronata, Cav. — A. Juss. Malp. p. 261.—
Cayenne, Martin, Leprieur.

*51. T. crispa, A. Juss. Malp. p. 268 (Cayenne, Richard,
Leprieur.)

52. T.? includens, sp. n., foliis ovatis apice rotundatis et breve — —
acuminatis glabris coriaceis lucidissubtus basi biglandulosis, racemis
subpaniculatis, umbellis 4-floris, pedunculis apice bibracteolis
bracteolis magnis concavis alabastrum subsessilem involventibus,
calyce 8-glanduloso, petalis magnis fimbriatis.—Cayenne, Martin.

Ramuli verruculosi, lineis elevatis ab insertione foliorum decur-
rentibus tetragoni, novelli uti inflorescentia tomento minuto
rubentes. Stipulas non vidi, sed linea adest transversalis inter- —
petiolaris verosimiliter a cicatrice stipularum caducarum relicta.
Petioli 1-1-pollicares. Folia 5-6 poll. longa, 33-4 poll. lata, -
venis primariis subdistantibus reteque venularum subtus promi-
nulis, utrinque in specimine glabra, at novella non vidi; glandula
sessilis in ima basi paginæ inferioris ad utrumque latus costæ
mediæ; acumen apicis 2-6 lin. longum. Racemi in axillis
foliorum superiorum 4—6 poll. longi, quorum superiores paniculam —
efformare videntur. Folia floralia sub ramulis racemi reducta ad-
bracteam petiolatam lanceolatam biglandulosam. Rami breves,
medio bibracteati, umbella quadriflora terminati. Pedunculi bractea
ovata concava subtenui, 3—4 lin. longi. Bracteolæ 3—4 lin. longæ, |
late obovate: v. orbieulatæ, concava, altera alteram æstivatione
FO VIL S io M ee

134 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

obtegente, utraque alabastrum ante anthesin includente, per an-
thesin persistentes patentes. Pedicelli brevissimi v. vix ulli. Flores
ampli. Calyx 5-fidus, rufo-pubescens, glandulis 14 lin. longis laci-
nias fere obtegentibus. Petala ineequalia, majora 5 lin. longa, lata,
concava, margine fimbriata. Stamina glabra ; filamenta crassa, basi
coalita; antheræ ovate, quarum aliæ (5 ? v. 7?) minores, connectivo
crasso glanduliformi loculos tamen haud superante, aliæ (5? v. 3?)
majores, connectivo magno loculos parvos duplo fere superante.
Ovaria pubescentia fere distincta, singula dorso cristis 5 longitu-
dinaliter aucta, quarum 2 (inter marginales et dorsalem mediz,)
minus prominulæ nec ad apicem ovarii attingunt. Styli erecti,
inferne valde incrassati, apice truncati. Fructus deest.

Notwithstanding the appearance of the ovary, I have much hesi-

tation in placing this fine species in Tefrapterys without having seen
the fruit ; as the inflorescence and stamens present several peculiari-
ties, which I have not observed in any other species of the genus.
. 58. T. discolor, DC. A. Juss. Malp. p. 271.—On the Esse-
quebo, Schomb. lst Col. n. 197. A twiner, agreeing well with the
descriptions, except that the difference of colour in the two surfaces
of the leaf is not so striking as it is probably in the original
specimens.

54. T. Surinamensis, Miq. Linn. vol. 18. p. 55.— Surinam,
Hostm. n. 983.

55. T. sp. n.? T. glaberrime simillima, sed calyx 4-glandulosus
et ovarium hirsutum stylis crassiusculis truncatis. Appendices ovarii
omnino Zefrapterydis.—Surinam, Hostm. n. 1142, the specimen
is a mere fragment insufficient for accurate determination. |

96. T. puberula, Mig. A. Juss. Malp. p. 271 (Surinam, Focke).
I should also refer to this species a very imperfect specimen in
Martins Cayenne collection.

57. T. calophylla, A. Juss. Malp. p. 271 tA, Martin ;

. Surinam, Hostm. n. 948.
* B5. T. acutifolia, Cav. A. Juss. Malp. p. 280. Mig. Linnaa.
vol. 18. p. 56.—Cayenne, Aublet, &c., Surinam, Focke. E
; 59. T. glaberrima, sp. n., foliis ovatis ellipticisve breviter
acuminatis basi obtusis coriaceis glaberrimis nitidis, paniculis

FLORA OF GUIANA. 190

axillaribus folio brevioribus glabris, bracteis parvis acutis, calyce
8-glanduloso, samare glaberrime alis oblongis superioribus paullo
longioribus.— British Guiana, Rich. Schomb. n. 1765; Cayenne,
Martin.

Specimina pube omnino destituta. Stipule interpetiolares
lanceolate, caducissimæ, cicatrice transversali parum conspicua.
Petioli crassi, 2-3 lin. longi, supra canaliculati v. versus laminam
marginati. Folia 5-6 poll. longa, 2-3 poll. lata, crebre reticulato-
venosa, venis primariis prominulis sed tenuibus. Inflorescentize
axillares complures v. a basi ramosæ, bipollicares : umbellæ 4-floræ,
pedunculatæ, racemosim opposite v. terminales. Bracteæ sub
ramis vix 2 lin. longæ, lanceolate, acute, sub radiis umbellæ
minute. Pedunculi nunc brevissimi v. subnulli, nunc lineam longi,
apice minute bibracteolati. Pedicelli 4—6 lin. longi, tenues. Calyx
glaber, laciniis erectis ovatis, glandulis lineam longis valde promi- -
nentibus. Petala subintegra, magnitudine T. mucronate. Antheræ
oblongz, recurvæ, connectivo crassiusculo. Ovaria glabra. Styli
tenues apice leviter dilatati, truncato-stigmatiferi. Fructus ale
majores circa 7 lin. longæ, 2 lin. late; crista dorsalis parva, alulis
parvis inter cristam et alas.

60. T. fimbripetala, A. Juss. Malp. p. 290.—Surinam, Host.
n. 1227 and 1252.

61. Hirea (v. Tetrapterys sect. Pentapterys?) gracilis, sp. n.,
foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis oblongisve acuminatis adultis -
glabratis, racemis axillaribus ramealibusve elongatis simplicibus, — —
pedunculis apice bibracteolatis pedicello æquilongis, calyce 8-glan- ———
duloso, ovario villoso, appendiculis marginalibus bipartitis, dorsali _
cristeeformi.— British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 737 (1119).

Ramuli tenues, elongati, novelli pubescentes, mox glabrati.
Stipulæ parvæ, villosæ, petioli adnate. Petioli 1—13 lin. longi, glabri.
Folia 2-3 poll. longa, pollicem circiter lata, apice in acumen acutius-
culum angustata, basi obtusa, eglandulosa, rigidule chartacea, reticu-
lato-venosa, novella utrinque presertim in pagina inferiore pilis ad-
pressis medifixis villosa, mox glabrata. Racemi v. in ramis anno- -
tinis ad axillas foliorum superiorum, vel sepius in sessi horno- |
tinis infra folia orti, solitarii, 14~8-pollicares, fere a basi floriferi,

ae N2 o

136 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

ima basi squamis paucis sterilibus stipati. Pili in rhachide pedunculis
bracteisque pauci adpressi. Pedunculi oppositi 2-24 lin. longi, uni-
flori, pedicello pedunculo æquilongo. Bracteæ subtendentes lineari-
lanceolate, acute, 2—3 lin. longs; bracteolæ ad apicem pedunculi
paullo breviores et obtusiores. Calyx 14 lin. longus, laciniis
erectis adpresse villosis, quarum 4 basi biglandulose. Petala fere
4 lin. longa, ovalia, leviter eroso-crenulata, fere plana, dorso parce
pilosa. Stamina glabra, parum inæqualia. Antherz oblongæ, con-
nectivo loculis breviore. Ovaria villosa, intus connata. Styli
apice leviter subrecurvo-dilatati, extus acuti, intus iruncato-stig-
matiferi. Fructus non vidi, sed ovarium jam paullo accretum fert
cristam dorsalem et alas marginales usque ad basin bipartitas.

Without the perfect fruit it is impossible to say whether this is
a Hirea allied to H. ambigua and argentea, or a Tetrapterys of
the section Pentapterys, which, as observed by A. de Jussieu, is
closely allied to those species. The inflorescence is certainly that of
H. ambigua and argentea, but the lateral wings of the very young
fruit appear to be as distinctly divided, as in Tetrapterys.

62. Hiræa sepium, A. Juss. Malp. p. 297.— Cayenne, communi-
cated by Prof. De Candolle. The fruit is precisely that of my
Brazilian specimens, the leaves intermediate between those of
Salzmann's specimens, mentioned by A. de Jussieu, and those of
the more common Brazilian form figured in St. Hilaire's Flora.

* 63. H. anisopetala, A. Juss. Malp. p. 300; Mig. Linnea,
vol. 18. p. 57. (Surinam, Focke.)

64. H. Simsiana, A. Juss. Malp. p. 306. (Cayenne, Aubiet,) $
My specimens are only from St. Vincents.

65. H. olegfolia, sp. n., foliis subsessilibus otilengo-ancealatie
acutiusculis basi acutis coriaceis supra demum glabratis subtus
aureo- v. albido-pubescentibus, racemis ramealibus paucifloris,
pedunculis infra apicem bibracteolatis, calyce 8-glanduloso, petalis
glabris.—British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 650 (998). —

Ramuli cinerei, ad nodos incrassati. Stipulas haud vidi. Petioli

| Brevininti; cniasi. | Folia 2-8 poll; longa, $e tie: lata; cobalt

losa, margine revoluta, novella supra pubescentia, mox glabrata et
demum fere lucida, subtus pube adpressa subsericea obducta, -

FLORA OF GUIANA. 131

costa media prominente, venis vix conspicuis. Inflorescentiw
pube brevi aurez, in ramulis annotinis infra folia opposite, 4-6-
flore. Rhachis communis brevis; pedunculi semipollicares, medio
bibracteolati, bracteolis ovatis 1 lin. longis; pedicelli pedunculo
longiores, apice incrassati. Calyces fere 2 lin. longi, laciniis erectis
crassiusculis, glandulis parvis. Petala calyce plus duplo longiora,
margine lacero-fimbriata. Stamina glabra, basi connata; antheræ
ovate, connectivo crassiusculo, plerisque loculo breviore, in non-
nullis tamen (3?) connectivum loculos breviter superat. Ovaria
villosissima, dorso tricostata. Styli crassiusculi, apice truncata.
Fructus haud vidi. |

66. H. Blanchetiana, Moric. A. Juss. Malp. p. 313.—
Surinam, Hostm. n. 498.

67. H. fagifolia, A. de Juss. Malp. p. 313.—Surinam, Hosim.
n. 494. (frequens in Guiana, 4. Juss.)

68. H. Riedleyana, A. Juss. Malp. p. 315.—Surinam, Hostm.
n. 291 and 993.

69. H. fulgens, var. Demerarana, A. Juss. Malp. P. 318.—
British Guiana, Schomb. lst Col. a single specimen. This variety
is most probably, as suspected by Jussieu, a distinct species, but
my specimen is not, any more than the one he saw, sufficient to
determine the question.

70. H. sp. n. ?— British Guiana, Schomb. 2nd Col. n. 207 (123).
This very imperfect specimen has the leaves of the last, but the

calyx bears eight glands, as in the following H. shipplglie; from à

which it differs in foliage.
71. H. chrysophylla, A. Juss. Malp. p. 918. British Guns, i
Behomb. 1st Col. n. 144; Surinam, Hostm. n. 1107 (one specimen
amongst several of Heteropterys, Lessertiana, and Candolleana). —
72. H. multiradiata, A. Juss. Malp. p. 321. jar ie
Martin.
* 73. Diplopterys paralias, A. Juss. Malp. p. 324. —Cayenne, :
Richard. 3
*74. Jubelina riparia, A. de Juss. Map. P- 326 — Cayenne,

(fo be continua)

138 BOTANY OF THE

Notes and Observations on the Botany, Weather, &c., of the United
States of America, made during a tour in that country, in 1846
and 1847. By Ww. Arnoro Broomrretp, M.D., F.L.S., &c.

An indifferent state of health rendering a change of scene,
climate, and occupation absolutely necessary, I determined towards
the middle of 1846, on visiting the United States of America; a
country I had long wished to see ; as well on account of the great
moral and political experiments of which it is the theatre, as of
the analogy its vegetation bears to that of Europe, our own island
of Great Britain included.

Tt is not without hesitation that I have condensed and thrown - 3

together for the public eye, the desultory notes and observations
of a twelvemonth’s travel, over a soil, where the harvest to be
gathered seems to reproach the reaper with indolence or negligence
by the small amount of fruits he has brought into the garner.
The list of genera, and still more of species, noted on the way,
will, I apprehend, seem very meagre, and requires explanation
before proceeding further. It must be borne in mind that I did
not visit America purely for botanical purposes : the primary object
was renovation of health, and all exertion, mental and bodily, in-
compatible with the attainment of that desirable end, I was com-
pelled to renounce, often under the strongest temptations (not
always successfully combated), to yield up the dictates of ere
to the fascinating interest of the moment.

To the task of making a large and indiscriminate collection was
opposed another consideration, no less weighty than the foregoing.
Experience had, on former occasions, taught me that the arduous
and mechanical occupation of a plant-collector was a great con-
sumer of that time, which, in traversing thinly-peopled or still un-
trodden regions, may be properly and advantageously spent in

accumulating novelties for after-examination and the benefit of - :

science. But the traveller, passing through densely-peopled
countries, besides that he can hope to add little that is mew to the

common stock of scientific gatherings, finds his attention legitimately d

UNITED STATES. 189

claimed by other objects than those of Nature alone ; and without
being a whit the less inclined to pay her especial homage, he is
sensible of what is due to other branches of information, of which
he would be ashamed to return home altogether ignorant. Had .
health or leisure permitted of my collecting all, or most of the
species, within my reach, I must still have omitted mentioning
numbers with which I was either in part or wholly unacquainted,
preferring to pass over such in silence, to giving erroneous names
to some, and subjoining a mark of doubt to others. The books I
had at hand on the journey were necessarily few, and the deter-
mination of the species on the spot, in most cases, impracticable.
It was only when enjoying the advantage of an American
botanical friend for a companion, on my herborizing excursions,
that I could confidently trust myself to record, by name, the
many new or doubtfully recognised acquaintances that presented
themselves to my notice at every step.

Seeing, therefore, the impossibility of giving undivided atten-
tion to the botany of the United States, without sacrificing other
matters of general interest, I resolved to confine my observations
principally to the range of the species, and more particularly of
the trees and shrubs ; interspersing occasional remarks on their size,
place, and growth, uses, and so forth, together with others on the
Flora hospita of these countries, the plants cultivated or intro-
duced, for ornament or utility, into gardens or pleasure-grounds. :

Leaving Liverpool very late on the evening of the 7th of July,

in the noble but adverse-fated steam-ship Great Britain, we reached _ E

New York at a very early hour on the morning of the 21st, not-
withstanding that our progress was twice suspended by the giving-

way of one of the driving-chains of the screw propeller,obliging usto E.

lie-to for some few hours each time to rivet on new links; besides
having been forced to stop, occasionally, for a shorter time, to
tighten the chains, which were found to become slack under the
great and constant strain to which they were subjected. This
detention, probably, saved us from a disastrous termination to our
voyage; for shortly after mid-day of the 16th, upon the sudden -
clearing away of a thick fog, which had precluded any observa- —

140 BOTANY OF THE

tions being taken for the ship's place during the two previous …
days, we found ourselves in a deep bay or bight of the southern-
most coast of Newfoundland, near Cape Royal, some distance to
the westward of Cape Race, completely land-locked, and running
directly on the line of two awkward-looking rocks not much more
than a cable’s length a-head of us when first discovered. Happily
the wind was light and a-head, with very little sea: the engines
were reversed, and the jib set im a trice, when the ship’s head
payed off just in time to avoid striking on the upper part of the
reef; but her bottom slightly grazed the submerged part, when
she was afloat again in sixty fathoms. A multitude of fishing
vessels, of all sizes, were at hand to have afforded us assistance if
needed, it being then the height of the fishing season ; but the
iron-bound coast, encumbered even at this late period of the
year with masses of ice piled upon the beach, and the wild, rugged,
and mountainous country beyond, sprinkled with small stunted
pines, awakened no very agreeable thoughts of what might have
been our fate had we but arrived there a little sooner than we did,
whilst the fog was still thickly shrouding the perils we had so
providentially escaped. The scenery, however, was not without
much of picturesque beauty: its stern features were softened by
the verdure which clothed the slopes of the hills and the imme-
diate valleys, that, shutting in the horizon nearly all round, gave — —
to the deep bay, into which we had so unaccountably penetrated, a
the character of an alpine lake. The temperature of the air was 61°, —
of the water 47°, a difference quite sufficient to account for the —
dense fog which cla the moment before prevailed. Our troubles —
and adversities were soon forgotten in the contemplation of the
noble panorama, and the acquisition to the dinner-table of certain —
splendid fresh cod, which from charitable or mercenary motives, —
(let us hope the former), were pitched on board from a fishing —
schooner as we slowly steered past her, on our way out by the U
same channel we had entered. "
The weather, for the first two days after my arrival at New *
PAS was as dark and misty as it could possibly have been at this
or any a eason in our own much calumniated —— jt

UNITED STATES. 141

subsequently cleared up and continued generally fine during the
remainder of my first sojourn in this wonderful city.

Most of the streets in New York are planted with single rows
of trees, a practice universal in American cities of recent date, and
very conducive to health and coolness during the warm summers
of the country. Here, (as in most of the States to the southward,
as far as the Gulf of Mexico,) the favourite trees are the Chinese
Sumach or Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus glandulosa), and the Paper
Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), both of which attain large
dimensions, but are objectionable from the abundant suckers sent
up from the roots, which insinuate themselves beneath and loosen
the pavement, as well as encroach to a troublesome extent upon
the areas of the houses. The fetid smell of the leaves and flowers
_ Of the former is another objection to its use in the thoroughfares
of a populous city. The Catalpa (C. cordifolia) is likewise
frequent, and appears to resist the winters here as well as at
Philadelphia, but does not reach quite such ample dimensions as
to the southward of Pennsylvania. At Brooklyn, a large and
flourishing offset of New York, on the opposite shores of Long Island,
and where many of the principal merchants of the city have sump-
tuous residences, I remarked Catalpas of very large growth, much
exceeding in girth any individuals I know of in England: many
were profusely laden with their half-ripe pods, like capsules,
nearly a foot in length. In the public squares and gardens of
New York, the Weeping Willow (Saliv Babylonica) attains à — —
magnificent height and bulk; whilst the noble bushes of Althea -
Frutex (Hibiscus Syriacus), with single and double flowers of
great size and variety of colour, ornament. the fronts and areas of
the houses. If Syria be, as is alleged, the true native country of
this shrub, it must surely inhabit its lofty mountain ranges; its
power of resisting cold being such, that it endures even the winters
of Boston without protection. 1 suspect that both this and the
Weeping Willow are of more eastern origin ; and that their migra-
tion westward will be ultimately traced from the colder elevated -
regions of central Asia, and perhaps the northern provinces of
China, the trees and shrubs of which latter country adapt them- -

VOL. VII. Fe eA

142 BOTANY OF THE

selves with facility to the less extreme climate of the United States.
The Locust (Robinia Pseudo-acacia), so common and esteemed in
English gardens, is pretty much discarded here and in many other
parts of the Union, as a “ shade tree,” from constant liability to
having its top destroyed by a wood-boring insect, against the
ravages of which no certain and effectual preventive has yet been
discovered.* The Honey, or Sweet Locust (@leditschia tri-
acantha), thrives vigorously, and splendid specimens may be
remarked on the Bowling-green. The remaining trees, commonly
seen in the public walks, as the Park, Battery, &c., are chiefly
American and European Poplars, especially the Abele (Populus
alba), which thrives even in the sandy soil and sultry atmosphere
of Charleston, S. C., the Occidental Plane (Platanus occi-
dentalis), and the Elm (Ulmus Americana). Tt is singular that
in this, its native climate, the Occidental Plane is subject to a
sudden and unaccountable decay, similar to what destroyed great
numbers of the same tree in England many years since, and which,
I believe, still occasionally affects its congeners, P. orientalis, and
P. acerifolia, after arriving with us at a certain age and stature.
In both countries, the species seems alike apt to be injured by the
late frosts of spring. At that season, in 1842, 1843, 1844, the
Planes throughout the New England States suffered severely from
this cause, the larger trees particularly; and for several weeks
many of them seemed to have been killed entirely. Some, indeed,
were destroyed: the rest recovered more or less completely, but
with the loss, in nearly all, of the extremities of the branches.t
The vacant lots and waste places in and around New York are
covered with Datwra Stramonium, and its purple variety D. Tatula
(these pass insensibly into each other), Xanthium strumarium and X.
spinosum (all these are introduced), Ambrosia trifida and A. elatior ?,

* For an account of these wood-boring and other enemies of the Locust Tree, vide

A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England which are injurious to vegeta- _
tion, by T. W. Harris, M.D. Boston, 1842, 8vo.

t See ‘A Report on the Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts,” published by order of

the State Legislature. Boston, 1846. 8vo.:—a work, — nanm os of : 2

eurious and original information on the subject treated,

UNITED STATES. 143

Lepidium Virginicum, Oxatis striata, Amaranthus albus and A. spi-
nosus, Eleusine Indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Oplismenus Crus Galli,
Setaria viridis, S. glauca, Paspalum setaceum ?, Abutilon avicenne,
Portulacca oleracea, and Phytolaca decandra. Most of. them are
thought to be introduced intruders, as are certainly a host of
common English weeds of cultivated ground, which have now ob-
tained footing in most parts of the Union, and seem to be as much
t home as in their native soil: such are, Trifolium repens, Linaria
vulgaris, Stellaria media, Carduus arvensis (Canada Thistle), and
C. lanceolatus, Chenopodium album, Arctium Lappa, Capsella
bursa-pastoris, with many others.

During this my first stay at New York, I made several excur-
sions into the neighbourhood, especially to Hoboken (a village on
the New Jersey shore), and along the banks of the noble Hudson
or North River, which on that side towards Weehawken presents
a succession of bold, rocky, and finely wooded heights. On one
of these occasions I was accompanied by — Brown Esq., Secre-
tary to the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, an excellent
local botanist, who kindly pointed out to me the rarer species of this
rich locality. The soil at Hoboken is sandy, as is that of a great
part of the state of New Jersey. Betwixt the shore and village,
and a line of low wooded hills, are brackish, marshy flats, densely
covered with a variety of paludal plants, especially Cyperaceæ and
Grasses. In these marshes, amongst numberless other things, I
remarked Iva frutescens, Erechtites (Senecio) hieracifolia, Eupa-

torium purpureum, Verbena hastata and urticefolia, (the tall — 4
stems of the former, with dense panicles of blue flowers, rose con- —

spicuously above the surrounding swamp), Veronica præalla, Im
patiens fulva, and I. pallida, Penthorum sedoides, Elodea Virgi- ——
nica, Rosa Carolina, (the deep blush of whose blossoms ornaments

the low grounds in most parts of the country), Panicum hispidum, — T
Carex tentaculata, with other undetermined species, Leersia ory- — ;
zoides, Mimulus alatus, Lilium superbnm, Hibiscus palustris or ta
Moscheutus? Ludwigia macrocarpa, (from its singular cubic capsule —
called Seed-box) Isnardia palustris, Myrica cerifera, Cassia Mori —

landica, Sambucus nigra (var.? Canadensis) Polygonum sagittatum -
02.

144 BOTANY OF THE

and P. arifolium (both called here Tear-thumb, on account of the
lacerating prickles with which they are armed), P. scandens, (this
seems to differ little, if at all, from the P. dumetorum of Europe),
Tricophorum cyperininum ? CEnothera biennis? Lastrea Thelyp-
teris, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Lycopus Virginea,
Lemna polyrhiza, Behmeria cylindrica; whilst in the drier spots
on the borders of the marshes grew Polygala verticillata, Hyperi-
cum quinquenervium, Lobelia puberula, Hypoxis erecta, Asclepias
amena ?, with numerous other plants since found to be common
elsewhere, but at that time imperfectly known to me. On dry
ground near the village, 1 gathered Cenchrus tribuloides ?, Hu-
phorbia depressa, Mollugo verticillata, Polygonum erectum (probably
only an American variety of P. aviculare, analogous to our broad-
leaved prostrate forms near the sea), an Amaranthus, Solanum
nigrum var.? Virginicum, (though I know not wherein it differs
from the normal European plant), Hragrostis vulgaris, (Poa Brag. )
with some others.

Of the ligneous vegetation of the flat alluvial tract on which
Hoboken stands, the only tree deserving notice in this place, as
not occurring on the higher grounds, is the Sweet Gum (Liguidam-
bar styraciflua) which grew in some abundance on the edge of
the swamps; and though in this latitude (40? 42’) close upon their
polar limitrophe parallel,* the trees were well-grown and healthy, |
but inferior in bulk, as much probably owing to soil as climate, to
that which the species attains to the southward and westward. It —
is to be regretted that this stately tree, with its ample aromatic —
foliage and depth of shade, is not oftener seen in England. -

* Michaux, in his North American Sylva, asserts that the Sweet Gum terminates
towards the north east in lat. 434 between Portsmouth and Boston; but no recent
botanist appears to have found it within the New England States. I am told that a
few specimens occur near Troy, New York, in lat. 423, whether indigenous there
or planted, is doubtful. Michaux is often incorrect in his geographical position
of places; thus the latitude of Portsmouth is only 43° 4” and that of Boston 42 21%

hence any station between these two cities, must be considerably to the southward —— i

. of the limitrophe parallel he assigns to the tree in question. With the Oaks I was
at that time very imperfectly acquainted, but have since devoted considerable attention.
to the examination and collecting the American species n stow arte 0 dene

- to speak more particularly iu the sequel.

UNITED STATES. 145

Its exclusive natural attachment to deep alluvial soils may,
perhaps, disqualify it for universal cultivation in our parks and
pleasure-grounds, where, however, appropriate situations might
generally be found for the display of its perfections. The rapidity
of its growth would compensate for its inutility as timber; in
which last respect it would be only on a par with some of the
most cherished ornaments of our plantations, as the Horse-chestnut,
Lime, and Plane. In low rich ground, by the side of artificial
water, no tree would be more desirable than this.

Immediately to the westward of the marsh, rises the rocky
ridge overlooking the Hudson at West Hoboken, and the beauti-
ful wooded heights, called the Bergen hills, from a pretty Dutch
village of that name in their rear; a part of the country made
classical by the genius of Washington Irving in his inimitable
History of New York. On these hills, as also at their feet, grew,
amidst a multitude of other plants, Cnicus pumilis, Teucrium Cana-
dense, Hedeoma pulegioides (here called Penny-royal, which it
much resembles in scent), Phryme leptostachya, Physalis pubes-
cens ?, Sisyrinchium anceps or Bermudianum, (if they be really dif-
ferent), Galium circezans, Monospermum Canadense, Scrophularia
nodosa var. Marilandica, (hardly distinguishable even as a form),
Hypericum punctatum and H. perforatum, Acalypha Virginica,
Elymus hystriz, and E. villosus. In the shady recesses of the
rocky woods Monotropa uniflora was not uncommon: its pure
white stems topped by the large solitary nodding and bowl-
shaped flowers, looking like so many tobacco pipes stuck in the
ground, are obviously suggestive of its familiar appellation of Indian
Pipe. The following British species are completely naturalized
on the rocks, and have now quite the aspect of indigenous pro-

ductions: Origanum vulgare (abundant), Verbascum Thapsus, — 5

and F. Blattaria, Nepeta Cataria, Carduus lanceolatus, Solanum —
Dulcamara, Leonurus Cardiaca, Linaria vulgaris, Pastinaca —
sativa.
The ligneous flora of this neighourhood included the following
species, Platanus occidentalis, Red Cedar, Juniperus Virginiana
(J. Sabine var.?), Castanea vesca var. Americana, (a very slight ©

146 BOTANY OF THE

and to myself undistinguishable form of the European Chestnut),
White Oak (Quercus alba), and I think the Post Oak (P. obtusi-
loba), Scarlet Oak (Q. coccinea), Red Oak (Q. rubra), and Black
Oak (Q. tinctoria),* Sugar-berry (Celtis occidentalis,) Tron-wood
(Ostrya Virginica), one or more species of Hickory (Carya), and
Wallnut (Juglans), Yellow or Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipi —
fera), Red Mulberry (Morus rubra), one or more undetermined —
species of Thorn (Crategus), Wild Cherry (Cerasus Virginiana, or
serotina?) the bark of this is a popular remedy, in great repute all
over the United States as a tonic combining a sedative effect, and
is exhibited in the form of syrup or infusion), Dogwood (Cornus
Jorida), Red Maple (Acer rubrum), Sugar Maple (4. saccharinum),
or Rock Maple (4. nigrum, probably only a variety of the last),
Sassafras (S. officinalis), Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium),
American Bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia), Smooth Sumach (hus
glabra), and Privet (Ligustrum vulgare, naturalized) ; whilst over
these and the smaller shrubs climbed the Virginian Creeper (4m-
pelopsis quinquefolia), Poison Oak (Rhus radicans), Green Briar
(Smilax rotundifolia), Fox Grape (Vitis Labrusca), Scarlet or
Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens, rare so far north,
and gathered in one spot only), and Waxwork (Ce/astrus scandens).
With the exception of the Red Cedar, the trees were all deci-
duous, so far as I could observe, few or no Pines being inter-
mingled with them. E
lt was in these marshes at Hoboken, that I first had occasion
to notice the prevalence of Orthoptera and Hemiptera above
most other orders of insects, in the United States: a predomi-
nance which seems alike conspicuous in the multiplicity of species
and of the individuals belonging to each. The various kinds of
_ Crickets, Grass-hoppers, and Cicadas, literally swarm throughout
the country, and during the sultry nights of summer, keep up, as
by day, an incessant, but ill.assorted concert of the shrillest
tones, the din of which I have scarcely heard surpassed by the
stentorian vocalists of their order in tropical climes. At this

* The tree, which goes under the name of Q. biennis amongst American botanists, —

appears different from that so called in Europe, and has much smaller flowers, ——-

UNITED STATES. 147

season in America, a traveller in the country must earn his nightly
rest by daily toil; for the elements of repose come not in due
course with the setting sun, as in Europe; and if he be one of
those unhappy wights, whom the God of Sleep habitually forsakes,
thrice pitiable is his doom during the hours of darkness. A host
of little merry revellers, sworn foes to slumber and without sym-
pathy for slumberers, people every twig of every tree and bush
around his domicile, and with their untiring mirth dispel one of
night’s most solemn but soothing attributes. A serenade of this
description, at such a time, and with the thermometer at 85°, or
near it, isno lullaby to fevered temples ; even should the mosquito
not be hovering at hand, watching an opportunity of enjoying
undisturbed his nocturnal banquet. In the towns, of course, these
sources of discomfort are avoided, or much diminished, those —
arising from the heat excepted, which, from the want of adaptation
in the construction of the houses to mitigate the effect of a high
temperature, is felt to be most oppressive by the generality of
strangers, who are compelled, by the impossibility of procuring
accommodation of a more private kind, to put up with the many
inconveniences and deficiencies of an American hotel. Of these
establishments, which so abound in every city, town, and village,
throughout the republic, that it might be distinctively called the
land of hotels, even the largest and best conducted in the principal
cities, with the most imposing exteriors, fall short, in their internal
arrangements, of our English ideas of comfort and retirement.

In most, if not all, the provincial towns, and even in the capitals - 2
of the larger states, the hotels, not excepting those of the better —

class, are usually indifferent, and sometimes execrable, in spite
of their palace-like fronts, and ad captandum appendages of pedi-
ment-crowned columns and flights of stone or marble steps at the
principal entrance, always in a state of filthiness beyond description
from the ceaseless expectorations which defile both them and the

halls and corridors to which they lead; whilst the long lines of — —

sleeping apartments, the only asylum of quiet and retirement
from the noise and bustle which pervade the ground and first floors,
with their bare, white-washed walls and scanty furniture, cold and

148 BOTANY OF THE

cheerless to the eye in winter, and especially offensive, from the
glare in summer, resemble rather the wards of a hospital or union
poor-house, than rooms set apart for the reception of the travel-
ling (and from the system of domestic economy prevalent in the
country, often stationary) members of an affluent community.
Barring the odious practice of expectoration, and its visible and
disgusting results, which admits of no apology or even extenuation,
and the too commonly disgraceful state and unseemly arrange-
ment of certain indispensable back premises, even in establish-
ments of such high character as the Astor House at New York, the
traveller in the United States will rarely have cause to complain of
want of cleanliness in the apartments, either public or private, which
he may occupy or frequent; for, with the above most anomalous ex-
ceptions, the Americans of the upper and middle classes, at least,
are neat and clean in their persons and houses; and the habit of spit-
ting, universal and intolerable as it is, does not here, as in France
and other continental countries of Europe, annoy the senses of sight
and hearing at the crowded table d’hôte, or in the elegantly fur-
nished and carpetted saloons, appropriated to the ladies and their
friends and acquaintance of either sex. From the above censure of
American hotels, T must, however, in justice, except two splendid
establishments, recently set on foot in Boston: a city which seems
to take the lead of all others in the march of social refinement.
The hotels known as the Revere and Adam’s houses, whilst secoud
to none in the Union for cleanliness, civility to the guests, and
excellence of the cwisine, are fitted up, at no increased charges to
the public, with nearly every requirement of modern taste and —
civilization. .
August, 5th. Left New York for Philadelphia by the railroad,
98 miles, arriving late the same night in “the quaker city:”
an appellation it still deserves; for although the “ friends” now
form but an inconsiderable fraction of the entire population, esti-
. mated at about 250,000, there is an air of quiet, but substantial —
quaker-like respectability about the town, in strong, but not -
. unfavourable contrast with the spirit of improvement and rivalry
which stamps its character upon the brick and mortar of the great —

UNITED STATES. 149

emporium I had just quitted. In few cities will one find more
that is handsome and less that is magnificent in public and private
buildings, than at Philadelphia; in fact, if we except the splendid
pile of the Girard College, (the garden of which is seriously im-
paired by the disjunction of its colossal component masses,) the
city does not possess a single edifice of any architectural preten-
sions. But in the spaciousness and regularity of its streets and
squares, yet without the monotony of undeviating uniformity, and
in the skilful combination. of plain with costly materials, (brick
with marble), to produce elegance of effect without lavish expen-
diture, the mind of William Penn and his immediate descendants
1s evinced in his later posterity, by the modern embellishments of
this the ancient capital of Pennsylvania. The Quakers here have
discarded much of that peculiar formality of dress which distin-
guishes the sect in England, and nearly assimilate in their costume
to that often worn by our clergy of the established church: a plain
black coat, with a low stand-up collar, being often the only
mark of recognition, in the absence of the broad-brimmed beaver,
now pretty generally discarded in favour of a covering of the head _
of more conventional and republican form and dimensions. Sydney |
Smith's sarcastic designation of “the drab-coloured men of Penn-
sylvania" was as inapplicable, in point of fact, to the Quakers of
the present day in America, as his imputations on the integrity of
that respectable body of her citizens are unjust and groundless.
The country between New York and Philadelphia reminded me
of some parts of the south of England. The smaller towns and -
villages here, as, indeed, commonly all over the Union, are
neat, clean, and pretty, but deficient in picturesque effect, from —
the comparative newness of all about them, which time has not
yet softened down to harmonous colouring; nor will wooden —
tenements, the walls of which are milk-white, picked out, in true
Dutch fashion, with pea-green doors and windows, submit in
their gaiety to such sobering effects of age, which may indeed-
shatter and destroy a “frame-house,” but can never render LE
venerable, even in ruins. - : abs i.
NOR a à 3 4 p p

150 BOTANY OF THE

The streets of Philadelphia are planted with trees of the same
kind as at New York, with the addition of the White or Soft
Maple (Acer dasycarpum,— A. eriocarpum, Mx.), which is here
a general favourite, affording at once a fine shade, and being
free from the attacks of insects, and the other objections urged
against the species commonly employed for that purpose, and
to which I have alluded. The spacious area of Washington
Square, much resorted to as a promenade on fine summer
evenings, is tastefully laid out and planted with a variety of indi-
genous trees. A list of these is kept for public inspection in a sort
of watch-box, together with a ground-plan of the square, on
which are numbers referring to the names on the list, and pointing
out the precise place of each species in the square, which may
thus be readily found when sought for ; though labelling the speci-
mens themselves, as practised in Kensington Gardens, would still
further facilitate their examination.

I was surprised to see in the gardens of the Pennsylvania hos-
pital, as well as in some gardens in Arch (Mulberry) Street and
elsewhere, Fig-trees rising above their walls. The trees were
small, but looked healthy; and their trunks were protected by
contiguous buildings. Several of them bore small, and apparently
abortive fruit; nor did I meet with any figs of native growth in
the remarkably well-supplied markets of the city. It is only in
the town, where it is sheltered from cutting winds by adjoining
houses, and the effects of severe frost are mitigated by radiation
from their walls, that the Fig can thus partially resist the winters of
this latitude (39° 58’) on the eastern side of the American conti-
nent. The trees are, however, I understand, killed back in un-

usually severe weather; and some are occasionally protected by ——

matting ; or their branches are laid down, and covered with straw or

earth: the greater number are left to take their chance; for the -

damage is speedily repaired by fresh and vigorous shoots from the
trunk, which is seldom destroyed, or, at all events, from the root, —
which is sure to escape injury. I remember when in Hungary, ih —
.. 1827, to have been shown numerous Fig-trees growing perfectly —
spontaneous in rough grounds, at the southern base of the x

two places is 70 52’, and 73 94’, ii

UNITED STATES. 151

Blocksberg, at Ofen, (Buda*) lat. 47° 29’ N. long. 19° 5’ E.,
and bearing abundant crops of extremely small, but very luscious
fruits, but which, from the rigorous winters of that deeply conti-
nental city, could not rise above two or three feet from the ground,
being compelled to take the form of straggling bushes, with long
trailmg branches ascending at their extremities, which were pro-
tected from the severe frosts of the climate by the joint agency
of terrestrial radiation, and a natural covering of snow. The
greater, and perhaps more prolonged heat of the summer at Phila-
delphia, permits the Fig-tree to reach a height it could not attain
in a climate less favourable to the perfect ripening of its wood.
The most northerly point at which I have myself remarked well-
grown Fig-trees on the Atlantic sea-board, was at Norfolk, in
Virginia (lat. 36° 50’), where the Pride of India (Melia Azeda-
rach) still acquires a timber-like size; but that town has quite a
maritime climate at the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeake and it
lies directly open to the Atlantic itself. In the gardens of Phi-
ladelphia the common white Jessamine (Jasminum officinale)
thrives luxuriantly ; and our European Ivy grows well as far north
at least as Boston, being as much a favourite in America, as the
Virginia Creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia) is with us. In that
country the Ivy should be planted in a north exposure ; since it is
extremely liable to suffer from the severe frosts that even in the
southern states often succeed to very warm days in March and April. edi

This was the hottest day to my feelings I had experienced since — —
landing in America, the thermometer standing at 853^ at 4h. 35m., ——— "m
P.M., in the great airy hall of Jones's hotel in Chesnut Street. A —
whitish or bluish milky haze pervaded the atmosphere: a phenome- — —
non of such extremely common occurrence throughout the United — —
States, as to have excited much speculation as to its cause, which — —
seems by no means well understood. This haze much resembles — -
what often accompanies an easterly wind in England, but oc-
casionally assumes the appearance of a dense smoke, obscuring — —
;* Buda and Philadelphia are nearly on the same. isothermal line, the mean tem o
perature of winter being 33 98’, and 32 18’ respectively. That of summer at the -

RB

152 BOTANY OF THE

t

the sun, and effectually veiling all objects at even a moderate dis-
tance from the observer. It is said to prevail more in the spring
and fall than at any other time of the year; but during the twelve
months I passed in America, it was of continual recurrence at
short but uncertain intervals, in all parts of the country, and at
every season alike. From the 30th of June last till the 16th of
July inclusive, which I spent in Massachusetts, and principally at
Boston, “smoky " weather prevailed for about half the number of
days comprised in that period, sometimes so dense as to approxi-
mate in opacity to the atmosphere of the heart of London, and ——
provokinghy to shut out all view of the pretty landscape around. — |
This was especially and inopportunely the case on the 16th, when —
T left in the steamer for England, at which time the fine scenery —
of Boston Harbour was invisible from her crowded deck. 1 wit-
nessed this phenomenon in singular intensity at Savannah two
months before. I shall have occasion to mention it hereafter, and
will now only refer the reader to the details, given by Mr. Thompson ——
in his very curious and amusing History of Vermont,* of this —
smoky state of atmosphere, and the extraordinary darkness it has
sometimes occasioned, approaching at midday to that of might, so
that a book of ordinary print could not be read by the sun’s light.
Aug. 6th.—Started this morning by the “ accommodation (rail-
way) cars” for West Chester, a borough thirty-one miles due west
of Philadelphia, the capital of Chester County, and the residence of ;
Dr. Darlington, well known for his valuable contributions to Ameri- —
can Botany, and his admirable illustrations of the plants of Chester —
= County, first published in the form of a Catalogue,t and subse- ——
_ quently expanded into a descriptive Flora of the district of Penn- —
sylvania:f a work, which for clearness of definition, originality im —
execution, and accuracy of description, has few equals in either —
hemisphere amongst compositions of this class, for which, in these
and some other respects, it may well furnish a model. To this -

* History of Vermont, Natural, Civil, and Statistical, by Zadock Thompsom
.. Burlington, Vermont, 1842, 8vo. | ee
+ Florula Cestrica. W. Chester. 1826. 8vo.
AE + Flora Cestrica. W. Chester. 1837. 8vo.

UNITED STATES. 153

gentleman I was the bearer of an introduction from an eminent
English botanist ; which was met, on his part, and that of a little
knot of literary and scientific friends, his colleagues, by the free
and unfeigned extension of the same kindness and courtesy towards
myself, which every Englishman, who comes duly commended
to their good services, is certain of receiving from Americans in every
section of their vast territory.

These “ accommodation trains " form a branch of railway econo-
my peculiar to America, and though intended to meet an exigency
in that country which does not exist in our own, arising from the
generally bad state of the high-road, will, in all likelihood, eventually
become amongst ourselves the medium of communication betwixt
places at moderate distances apart, as this mode of travelling gains
more in popular estimation than it does at present. With a majority
of the English public, the abandonment of our magnificent highways
by the main streams of commercial and private intercourse, and the
ascendency of the locomotive with its gigantic powers of traction
over the well-appointed, light post-coach of former days, and its
splendid team of thorough-bred cattle, is still a topic of never-ending
lamentation and regret, affording free scope to the suggestions of
ignorance, prejudice, and timidity against railroads, which we
must not expect to have silenced, till the glorious reminiscences
of the old coaching era have passed away with the generation that
witnessed them. We grumble at railroads, yet go by them not-
withstanding ; and this, not simply because the alternative is denied
us of choosing between the old and new modes of locomotion, —
but by the argument ad crumenam, an absolute, irresistible pocket-
proof and conviction of the superior cheapness as well as celerity

of the Railway system ; a conviction which, whilst we cannot stifle, —

we are unwilling to avow as a ground of preference. But in

America, where, to bowl along on a macadamized highway, at the -

rate of ten miles an hour, with the command of a view not bounded
at least by cutting or tunnel, is a luxury untasted by the many —
and rarely enjoyed by the few; the railway and steamboat are
substitutes for good roads, well befitting her restless and time-
serving population. Accordingly, short single lines are often laid -

154 BOTANY OF THE

down betwixt places we should think had scarcely traffic enough
to pay the cost of construction, far less to enable the concern to
be worked at a profit to the company. The inflexible regula-
tion as to time and stoppages, so requisite for safety on longer
and main lines, are relaxed on these minor railroads for the ac-
commodation of passengers, who are taken up or put down at
intervals, so short as pretty completely to satisfy the requirements of
individual convenience or caprice; and as the trains run at few
and distant periods during the day, no risk is incurred by not
keeping strictly to time. The “cars” to West Chester, which
leave Philadelphia twice in the day, namely, at 8 a.m. and 3 P.M.,
are, however, pretty punctual, and make the transit in about three
hours or a little less. .

I found the worthy Doctor at the Chester County Bank, (of
which he is president), a chaste and elegant Doric structure, and
where he introduced me to his botanical and banking colleague,
David Townsend, Esq., the cashier, who vied with his coadjutor
in showing me every kindness and attention in his power on this
and my two subsequent visits to their “ village,” as they are wont
modestly to designate the important and still increasing capital of
Chester County. It is in fact a handsome, well-built town, laid
out, as all towns of modern date are in America, with great regu-
larity, the streets crossing at right angles; but the houses, which
are mostly of brick, stand detached or few together, and
though various in their architecture are many of them elegant and
commodious, and usually have neat gardens about them. The

new court-house, when completed, (which is probably the case by. -

this time), will be a sumptuous building, and with the bank and
principal church would do credit to places of ten times the size
and population of West Chester. It possesses an institution (the -
Chester County Cabinet of Natural Sciences) for the promotion -
of Natural History and other branches of knowledge, with a very
respectable Museum, in which is an Herbarium of considerable —

extent, rich in North American plants, formed by the exertions of - 2

Dr. Darlington, and kept in excellent order. Lectures are occa- — —
sionally delivered to a class at this institution, which meets with |

UNITED STATES. 155

much encouragement here, as everywhere else in a country where
the mental cultivation of the mass of the people is justly held of
paramount importance to the well-being of the common-wealth.

I accompanied Dr. Darlington to his residence, at that time
about half a mile from the town, into which he has since removed.
At the gate grew a gigantic specimen of the Osage Orange (Ma-
clura aurantiaca), then laden with its yet unripe fruit, which here
comes to perfection. Toward dusk we strolled over his little farm
of about sixty acres, partly fenced in with quickset hedges as in
England, but formed of the Washington Thorn (Crataegus cordata),
which well supplies the place of our English White-Thorn, making
as handsome and durable enclosures. Here I saw, for the first
time in the States, a few Fire-flies or “lightning bugs” (Lampyris),
of which there are several kinds, that, like those of the West
Indies, emit their light in momentary gleams or flashes, usually of
a greenish or bluish white; but in the present case the light so
exactly counterfeited in its redness the sparks from burning
wood, that I could almost imagine myself a little nervous, were I
to see these brilliant creatures flitting about any thing so in-
flammable as a barrel of gunpowder. Having delivered my cre-
dentials, I returned on the 6th to Philadelphia for a day or two.
Whilst shifting a few plants this evening after dark I several
times noticed what I at first took for a large spider running over
the floor, but subsequently perceived it to be a species of Cermatia,
a genus of Myriapodes allied to Scolopendra, and the first of the
kind I had seen alive. It ran with such extreme rapidity as to
baffle my attempts to secure it: a task the more difficult as I did
not wish to run the risk of being bitten by directly seizing on an
animal that, to judge from the will and ability of his near relatives,
the Scolopendras, to resent an infraction of their right to freedom,
might be disposed to act in a similar way upon emergency. A
more familiar acquaintance with the creature soon taught me,
However, that I had nothing to fear from its powers of annoyance
or defence: I subsequently noticed it repeatedly in the south,
where it may be often seen hurrying rapidly across the table,

books, or person of the observer. The houses in this city and in

156 BOTANY OF THE

most others of the Union are infested with a minute red ant, that
occasioned me some anxiety for the safety of my dried plants,
which they certainly will attack, ‘though in a degree much less
injurious than in the case of the zoologist or entomologist, to
whose collection they show themselves most unsparing enemies.

Aug. 10th.—Walked out to Bartram’s Botanic Garden at
Kingsessing, the earliest ever formed in America, and possessing
additional interest by association with the name of its founder
John Bartram and of his son William. The travels of the latter over
the southern states, towards the close of the last century, from the
florid and enthusiastic style of the narrative, have a fascination
about them which has made the book familiar to most young
naturalists.

The garden lies on the west bank of the Schuylkill about two
miles below the city, and is now owned by Colonel Carr, who
married a grand-daughter of the founder. It is of very moderate
extent, but in a wretchedly neglected condition, being a com-
plete wilderness of trees and shrubs, that have been suffered to
overrun everything, except the small part reserved as a nursery
ground, in which fruits, vegetables, and a few flowers are raised
for sale by the proprietor; nor is there much amongst the re-
maining specimens planted by the two Bartrams to interest à .
botanist of the present day. The chief object of attraction isa —
magnificent deciduous Cypress (Zaxodium distichum), the trunk of
immense girth and at least seventy feet in height, fully equal to any
specimen of the tree, since seen by myself in the southern swamps,
or on the Mississipi. A fine Osage Orange ( Maclura) in abundant
bearing, a Pecan nut (Juglans oliveformis), and a tree of the
Overcup White Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) all western species,
were on that account interesting. On the marshy banks of the
river, between Gray's Ferry and the garden, grew Zizania aquatica
(Canada or Indian Rice), now in full flower, Pickerel Weed
(Pontederia cordata), Sagittaria sagittifolia var. latifolia? the
leaves of which are far larger, broader, and less acutely auricled than
in our common English form, which I do not recollect ever to have
met within America. Solanum Carolinense (here I believe rea

UNITED STATES. 157

its polar limit) Impatiens fulva, the Button-Bush (Cephalanthus
occidentalis), Bidens bipinnata and chrysanthemoides, Acnida con-
nabina. In the moist pastures Cassia Marilandica formed tufts ;
and in some swampy willow thickets I picked Stachys (aspera ?),
Isnardia palustris, Polygonum scandens, and a Cuscuta allied to
C. Europea, which invested the lower willow bushes with its bright
red or yellow entangled stems in greater luxuriance and pro-
fusion than I ever witnessed, excepting in the island of Grenada,
where not only the shrubs, but trees of twenty or thirty feet
in height, were so matted over by a Dodder with racemose inflo-
Tescence, as to have their leaves and branches in a great degree
concealed from view, the parasite having apparently no attachment
to any particular natural order, but clinging impartially to all
plants within its reach.
West Chester, Aug. 11th.

Set off with D. Townsend, Esq., to visit the North Valley Hills,
about six miles from this borough. The road was very bad in places,
but the country beautifully varied and undulating, much re-
sembling some parts of England in its intermixture of pasture,
arable, and woodland, with neat farms, and all the features of a
. Prosperous agricultural district. Our vehicle, the ordinary travel-
ling carriage of the country, called a Rockaway, was of a singularly
light construction, a sort of caléche, on two wheels, of very large
size, but excessively narrow and slight in appearance, though
really capable of withstanding the severest strain, the spokes
being of hickory, and the naves of the common Turelo, Black or
Sour-gum (Nyssa multiflora), which, like the former, is of extreme
toughness, and still more difficult to split. The great diameter
and narrowness of the wheels enable them to cut their way
through the deepest mud or sand; where those of lesser circum-
ference and broader gauge would infallibly stick fast, whilst
by their great distance apart, and projection from each side of the
body, the chance of upsetting is materially diminished. The trees
Were entirely of the hard-wood kind, (the Pines being sparingly
found in this part of Pennsylvania), and consisted chiefly of the
following species: Black and White Oak (Quercus tinctoria and

VOL, VIL Q ;

158 BOTANY OF THE

alba), Red and Scarlet Oaks (Q. rubra and coccinea), Post Oak
(Q. obtusiloba), Rock Chestnut Oak (Q. mantana), Swamp White
Oak (Q. discolor), Chestnut (Castamen vesca var. Americana),
Tupelo, Sour or Black Gum (Nyssa multiflora), Red or Swamp
Maple (Acer rubrum). Of these, the White Oak, so called from
the colour of the bark, which looks as if rubbed over with wood
ashes, might, perhaps, be perfectly grown in our own country ; for
its timber is little, if at all, inferior to its European repre-
sentative, Q. pedunculata. Wherever I have seen this tree, I
have remarked the regularity of outline and straightness of
trunk which distinguish it from the British species: the leaves
are more deeply and regularly incised ; and its whole appearance
is neater, but less picturesque. For tree timber it might be less
valuable than our own oak, but would furnish longer and straighter
sticks for sawing into planks, or for beams, &c. Quercus tinctoria,
usually called Black Oak from the dark hue of the bark, (which
is exported, with that of some other kinds, to Europe as Quercitan,
for dyeing yellow,) comes, perhaps, too near Q. rubra and coccinea
in character, but is readily known (from the former) by its acorn,
which is smaller and seated in a cup that tapers at the base.
At a distance, this tree is easily recognised by the heavy character
of its foliage, in consequence of the more unevenly and obtusely
sinuate and lobed leaves, that vary greatly in form on the same
tree, and are often scarcely more than separately toothed. Quercus
coccinea resembles the Black Oak in the size and shape of the
fruit, which is sessile as in that, but the leaves, though similar,
are always deeply sinuate and lobed, and are remarkable for the
intense brilliancy of their scarlet colours in autumn. The much —
larger acorn, in a shallow cup, with very smooth, compact scales,
distinguishes Q. rubra from its allies; but the greatest similarity
runs through the oaks of the Rudre sections, in the size, shape;
and division of their leaves ; though a practical eye can generally
distinguish them without seemg the fruit. The other trees
and shrubs were Yellow or Tulip Poplars (Liriodendron tuli-
pifera), Alder (Alnus serrulata), Persimon (Diospyros Vir-
giniana), Sassafras (Sassafra officinale), Spice-wood or Fever-
bush (Benzoin odoriferum), Arrow-wood (Viburnum den-

UNITED STATES. 159

talum and ‘acerifolium), Smooth Sumach (Rhus glabra, the
fruit of this is very agreeably acid), Elder (Sambucus nigra,
var.? Canadensis), Dog-wood (Cornus florida), Huckleberry |
(Vaccinium resinosum and Pennsylvanicum), Winterberry (Prinos
verticillata), Clematis Virginiana, with many others. Entering
a thick wood, we found the beautiful Habenaria ciliaris with
its spikes of fine orange-coloured flowers in full perfection,
also Cypripedium humile, Discorea villosa, Chimaphila umbellata,
and C. maculata, Tephrosim Virginica, Polygala purpurea, and
several species of Aster ; whilst under the bushes grew the fine
Club-mosses (Lycopodium complanatum and dendroideum). In
the same wood was a fine specimen of the Poison Ash (Rhus
venenata), so remarkable for the injurious effect of its exhalations
on certain constitutions, and their absolute inertness in respect to
others. To this latter class belonggDr. Darlington and myself, on
whom the tree exerts not the smallest noxious influence ; whilst to
my companion on the present occasion, it proves so inimical that
he is unable to gather a leaf, nor even closely to approach the tree
without experiencing severe effects : he therefore contented himself
with pointing out the species to my notice at a respectful distance,
accompanied by a friendly caution against relying too securely on
my supposed invulnerability, while he prudently declined proffering
assistance in procuring specimens. Emboldened, however, by the
impunity with which experience had a little before taught me I
might venture to handle two scarcely less virulent shrubs of the
same genus, namely, the Poison Vine and Poison Oak (R. ra-
dicans and Toxicodendron), Y hesitated not to march up boldly to
this western Upas tree; and after stocking my vasculum with a
sufficiency of its dismembered branches, I rubbed the bruised leaves
over my face and hands, the pores being then freely open, through
the intense heat of the weather. My friend said nothing; but I
read amazement in his countenance at my presumption, and a shrewd
guess was perhaps passing in his mind that the penalty would be
exacted of my rashness in due time ; nor indeed, to say the truth,
Was I quite without misgivings as to the possible consequences of
my temerity, until the full interval had elapsed within which the
| | ns

160 BOTANY OF THE UNITED STATES.

symptoms of poisoning usually manifest themselves. I believe the

majority of persons are, like myself, unsusceptible of the virus of
this, or the two other venomous Sumachs; but the numbers amongst
those of my own acquaintance who have expressed to me their
dread of contact or proximity to one or all of these shrubs, clearly
show that their power of inflicting injury extends to a large pro-
portion of individuals, perhaps as much as one in three, or even two
in five. My friend the Rev. Dr. Bachman of Charlestown, S.C.
related to me that being once on a botanical excursion with some
friends in the neighbourhood of that city, they came upon a spe-
cimen of the Poison Ash, (a rare tree in the low country of Carolina,
and which some of those present had never seen growing,) and felt
naturally desirous of gathering specimens for examination. This they
proceeded to do, though warned: of the consequence likely to accrue
from handling it by the doctor, @ho stood aloof from a danger which
he knew to be inevitable in his own person on near approach, or con-
tact. The result was, some of the party suffered severely; the inflam-

matory action reaching up the arms to the trunk in one, in another

only as high as the elbows; whilst in a third, the effects were con-
fined to the hands, which, as is usual in these cases, became sadly
swollen, inflamed, and finally ulcerated. The rest mostly escaped
the poison. On his return home, Dr. B. found a branch of the
shrub in his vasculum, which had been put there by some sceptical
joker amongst certain of the party, who affected disbelief in the
poisonous properties of the plant. This he requested his daughter,
who was not susceptible of the poison, to take ont of the box and
destroy, but at her suggestion permitted it to be dried for his her-
barium. The next day symptoms of poisoning came on : intumes-
cence of the entire body and lower extremities, attended with

intolerable pain and irritation, confined him to bed for several -

days ; nor was it till after many weeks that the ill effects had so far
subsided, that he was able to resume his usual clerical duties: 5°
violent indeed were the symptoms, that serious results were for
some time apprehended. For several years after this accident my
friend was subject to a periodical recurrence of the erisypelatous
inflammation, which marks this particular poison, a very full

account of which is given by Dr. Bigelow, in the first volume of

LL.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 161.

his American Medical Botany, coinciding exactly with what I have
myself witnessed of its effects, in a more mitigated degree, in the
person of another friend, whose case I shall refer to hereafter.
Dr. Bachman is confident that he did not approach the tree: the
poison must have been communicated, either through slight inad-
vertent contact with the specimen in the box, or by the exhalation
from it on opening the latter.
(To be continued.)

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

M. Bonezav's Plants of the Spanish Pyrenees.

The sets of this beautiful collection of plants, made on the
Spanish side of the Pyrenees, (in our case amounting to seven
hundred and forty-three species), are now named and in the course
of distribution from Paris. There are some, though but few,
entirely new species, several of considerable rarity; and like
those of the same indefatigable collector, made in Teneriffe, they
are first-rate specimens, and as reasonable in point of price as they
are good in quality, (£1. 2s. the hundred species). The friends and
patrons of M. Borgeau, have, we believe, now advised his making
collections in Sicily. ^ Wherever he goes, so indefatigable a
botanist will procure valuable materials ; but a selfish wish will
come over us, that the present political troubles of that unfortunate
island may be the means of directing his steps to some more pro-
ductive region.

Plants of Canara, distributed by M. Hocusrerrer.

Canara occupies a line of coast, on the west side of the penin-
sula of India, about two hundred miles in length, lying imme-
diately north of Malabar, of which the capital is Mangalore. A
portion of it is very hilly, and it cannot fail to contain a vegeta-
tion similar to that of Malabar, which would tend to illustrate
many of the little known species of the Hortus Malabaricus.
M. Hochstetter offers sets of specimens from this interesting

162 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

region, of which ours contains three hundred and fifty, and these
at the moderate price of £4.48. We wish we could pay the same
compliment to the goodness of the specimens here, that we have
done to Bourgeau's, from the Pyrenees; but the collector,
whoever he may be, seems to have cut them down to the lowest
possible size ; and the foliage and the flowers have too often parted
company. On the other hand, many of the species are rare, and
not a few entirely new; and the greater number appear to be
named by the excellent Miquel. We have reason to believe that
better specimens of other plants are on their way from Canara.
But whether the collector desires to benefit botany or himself, we
would strongly urge him to send such specimens as will give an
idea of the noble vegetation of that country, and such as will
serve, by the presence of good flowers, and, if possible, fruits, for
analysis and for description, For want of more perfect specimens,
some very glaring errors are excusable in their present denomina-
tions :—we find a bad sample of Zea, called Kurya ;—and a Sar-
cococca, called Myrica ;—a Gmelina, named Premna, &c. We are
sure the subscribers would willingly pay a higher price for better
specimens.

Death of Dr. Tuomas Taytor.

Botany has sustained a great loss in the recent death of our
valued friend, and coadjutor in the first and second editions of the
Muscologia Britannica, Dr. Taylor, which took place, we have
reason to believe, after a very short illness at his residence, Dunkerran,
Kenmare, south of Ireland. Few naturalists had studied more
deeply, and few more successfully, as his various writings testify, the
Cryptogamic Plants of all parts of the globe, especially the Musci,
Hepatica, and Lichens, and the recent additions to his Herbarium,
many of which we ourselves had the happiness of contributing,
would have given him occupation for many years to come, in the

détenuining and describing them. Dusas dhe ewistenoesal ae 1

Royal Cork Scientific Institution, Dr: Taylor was appointed Lec-

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 108 -

turer on Botany and Natural History there; but, on the breaking
up of that establishment, he never after engaged in any public
employment, and his circumstances did not require that he should
devote much time to medical practice, a profession for which he
was destined. He thus was enabled to make the study of botany
the main business of his life, and few men devoted themselves to it
with greater ardour. Besides his valuable contributions to the
Muscologia Britannica, he wrote an admirable Memoir on the
Marchantia, illustrated with many figures, which appeared in the
seventeenth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society ;
he contributed largely to the Cryptogamic portion of Dr. Hooker's
Flora Antarctica; and the late volumes of the present Journal
bear testimony to his deep knowledge of the Lichens and Hepa-
tice: nor is our portfolio without materials for our future num-
bers, which we lament will thus constitute posthumous memoirs.
Dr. Taylor possessed a mind well stored in various branches of
science and literature, while his gentle and amiable manner ren-
dered him a great favourite with all who had the happiness
of his acquaintance; and we well know that during the dis-
tressful times of the south of Ireland, in the winter of last year,
his medical knowledge, and his purse, too, were alike employed in
bettering the condition of his poor neighbours.

Dr. Taylor’s Herbarium, eminently rich in Cryptogamiæ, his
Library, and his Microscopes, will be, bye-and-bye, offered for
public sale, or disposed of by private contract.

Dr. Harvey’s appointment to the Chair of Botany in the Dublin
Institution. .

While we have to lament, on the one hand, the severe loss Ireland
has sustained by the death of Dr. Taylor, we have to rejoice on
the other, at the appointment of another of her favoured sons,
Dr. Harvey, to the Botanical Chair at the Royal Dublin Insti-
tution. Happily, he is still allowed to retain his position of Con-
servator of the Herbarium in Trinity College ; and thus, that Her-

164 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

barium, which has been so rapidly progressing under his auspices,
cannot fail to be of the utmost importance to him in the instruc- -
tion he is required to give in his professional capacity ; while his
new appointment, his connexion with the noble garden of Glas-
nevin, and the influence to be derived from that position, will
equally be of service, both directly and indirectly, to the College
Herbarium.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

GasPARRINI; Ricerchi sulla Natura del Caprifico, e del Fico:
e sulle Caprificazione. Napoli, 1845. Ato.

Although published in 1845, this work has but recently reached
our hands, through the kindness of its author. Besides treating on
the curious subject of caprification (in an Essay too long for extrac-
tion), Gasparrini here establishes several new Genera of the
original Ficus, illustrated by beautiful figures and careful
analysis; and he has given also a plate illustrative of the Insect
engaged in the work of caprification. The type of his Genus,
1, Ficus, is the Ficus Carica, fom. L. et alior. 2, Caprifieus,
Gasp., is represented by Ficus Carica androgyna, L. et auct.
3, Ficus stipulata, auct., Tenorea (n. gen.) heterophylla, Gasp.
4. Urostigma, Gasp., includes Ficus religiosa, F. Benghalensis, &c.
5, Ficus elastica, auct., which affords the Caoutchouc of the
East Indies, is Macrophthalma, Gasp. 6, Ficus leucosticta, Spr.,
isthe Genus Cystogyna, Gasp. 1, Ficus Saussureana, DC., and
F. galactophora, Ten., are Galoglychia, Gasp. 8, F. oppositifolia,
Willd., is Cove/Zia, Gasp. 9, the F. Sycomorus (sycamine or syca-
more, of Scripture), is the Genus Sycomorus, Gasp.; and lastly,
F. lutescens, Desf., is Erythrogyne, Vis.

A more perfect arrangement of the Genera and species of Figs
is, as our readers are aware, in course of publication in the
pages of the present Journal by Professor Miquel. |

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 165

Sur la Famille des Lines; par J. E. PrANCHON, Docteur-és-
Sciences.
(Continued from Vol. VI. p. 603.)

Revisio ORDINIS LINEARUM.
LINE auct. (adjectis generibus.)

Szor. I. EuzINEæ.—Zuneæ, DC.—Endl.

Gen. 1. Ranrora Dill.—Endl. gen. no. 6057.

Sp. unica. R. Zinoides, Gmel.— DC. Prod. vol. i. p. 428. —
Reichenb. Iconog. fig. 5152.

Has. in Europa fere tota a provinciis meridionalibus Sueciæ
et septentrionalibus Scotiæ ad fretum Gaditanum ; nec non
in Madera et in regno Maroccano.

Gen. II. Linum, L.—Endl. (excl. sp.)—Reichenb. 1. c. tab. 5153
—5175, B. Y

(Vid. supra Charact. gen. p. 593, et ejus divisionum, p. 597.)- _

Subgen. I. Ewlinum. — Adenolinum et Lini sp. Reichenb. —

Eulini sp. Griseb.
Ser. *Protolinum.—Lini sp. Reichenb.
t Stigmata longa lineari-clavata, stylo continua.

Sp. 1. L. usitatissimum, Mill. Annuum; caule basi simplici,
erecto; petalis crenatis; capsule calycem vix excedentis septis
semiseptisque margine interno glaberrimis.

Has. Verosimiliter ex Oriente ortum, nunc cultura per'regiones
temperatas utriusque orbis diffusum. ues

L. usitatissimum, Mill. Dict. Mutel, Fl. Franc. vol.i. p. 179.

L. usitatissimum, L. sp. p. 397 (excl. var. y et ¢), non. L. Herb.
Curtis, Fl. Londin. fascie. 5, tab. 22. Reichenb. Icon. fl.
Germ. fig. 5155. (Icon utraque optima, sed synonymia pro
parte erronea.)— L. usitatissimum a vulgare, Schubl. et Mart.
ex Koch syn. fl. Germ. ed. ii. p. 140— Schleisslein, Dreschlein
ruricolis Germanis ex Koch. ;

2. L. umile, Mill. Annuum; caule basi simplici, erecto; cap-
sulæ calycem subduplo superantis septis semiseptisque margine
interno ciliato-pilosis.
VOL. VII. R

166 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Has. Cum priore passim colitur. Specimina vidi Milleriana
in Herb. Banksiano; Linneana in summi magistri herbario,
nomine L. Sibirici ejus manu inscripta; (hzc in hortum Upsa-
liensem e seminibus Sibiricis introducta ;) Griffithiana, e regno
Cabulico, Herb. Hook. ; Coulteriana, e Mexico, Herb. Hook. ;
nullibi verosimiliter spontanea, nisi forte e campis satis evadat.

L. humile, Mill. Dict. no. 2.—L. sativum, Africanum, latifolium,
fructu majore. — "'ournef. inst. (ann. 1719) p. 339 (fide Linn.
in Herb.)— Z. sativum, humilius, flore majore, Boerhaave, Ind.
alt. (ann. 1720) p. 284 (ex diagnosi).—L. usitatissimum vat. y,
L. sp. p. 397.—.L. Sibiricum, L. Herb.! nec tamen L. sp.—
L. usitatissimum B crepitans, Schlubl. et Mart. ex Koch
syn. fl. Germ. (ed. 2) p. 140.—Z. crepitans? Dumort. fl. Belg.
Prod. 111 ex Walpers repert. vol. i. p. 287.—— Springlem,
Klanglem ruricolis Germanis ex Koch. |
Obs. Cette synonymie des deux Lins cultivós rappelle le peu

d'auteurs qui ont su les distinguer, et la centième part de ceux

qui les ont confondus. Linnæus, qui ouvre la liste des derniers,

commit cette méprise, comme tant d'autres du méme genre, à

cause de l’imperfection des matériaux qu'il eut à mettre en

œuvre. Ainsi, tandis que de l’amalgame de deux espèces mal
définies dans les livres, il fit son Z. usitatissimum, son coup d'ail
le servit mieux pour reconnaître ces espèces dans la nature. C’est
ce que prouve la note suivante écrite de sa main en marge de son
exemplaire du Species (edit. 2, ann. 1762),* correspondant au ;

L. usitatissimum, mais ayant dans le fait pour objet un échantillon

de Z. humile, cultivé dans le jardin d" Upsal, et conservé dans son

herbier sous le nom provisoire de D. Sibirieum.t “ Varietatem

* Pour l'avantage de consulter les précieuses reliques que possède la Société Lin-
aéene je dois mes sincères remerciements à M. Kippist: pour P usage des richesses du
British Muséum à M. Robert Brown et à M. Bennett; pour I’ étude des espèces
Britanniques à la Société Botanique de Londres; enfin à M. Lindley et à M. Lémann
pour le prêt le plus libéral des Linées et d' autres familles de leurs herbiers. J'aurais
dû placer le nom de Sir William Hooker en tête de cette liste, s' il n' était facile aux
botanistes de reconnaître à quelle source principale je puise les matériaux de mes
essais.

+ Linnæus a décrit sous ce nom une plante très différente, qui n'est qu'une des
mille formes du L. perenne. : à

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 167

hujus speciei (i. e., L. usitatissimi) ex Sibiria kabui, duplo majorem,
capsulis majoribus, erectum. et rigidiorem, petalis non crenatis,
et calycis interioribus. laciniis margine ciliatis; sed folia tri-
nervia” La taille attribuée à cette plante est en contradiction
avec le nom de Z. umile, que lui donne Miller. Mais cette cir-
constance seule prouve combien on doit préférer aux caractères
généralement variables des proportions, ceux que donnent parfois
les organes de la fleur et du fruit. C’ est ainsi que l' examen des
bords des cloisons et demi-cloisons des capsules du ZL. wsifatissi-
mum et du L. humile aurait pu depuis longtemps fournir aux
botanistes la marque la plus positive de leur distinction. C’est
sur ce point que j'espere l'avoir mise en évidence; mais je dois

à Brotero le mérite d'avoir dirigé mon attention sur ce carac-

tère, en s'en servant le premier pour distinguer le Z. usitatissimum

de son Z. agreste (L. angustifolium, Hudson). —

3. L. angustifolium, Huds. Perenne, (primo anno sepe florens) ;
caulibus pluribus, centrali sepius proceriore, lateralibus ascen-
dentibus ; capsule parvæ calyce parum longioris septis semisep-
tisque margine interno ciliato-villosis ; stylis a basi liberis.

Han. in Europa temperata et mediterranea ab Angliæ comit.
Yorkshire et Lancashire et insula Mona (Man), per Galliam,
Germaniæ provincias australiores, Rumeliam, provincias Cau-
casias, Italiam, peninsulam Ibericam diffusa, sed non ubique ;
in Madera, Lowe in Herb. Hook.; Canariis, Webb ; et Mauri-
tania, Bové in Herb. Hook. |

L. angustifolium, Huds. Fl. Angl p. 134. Smith, Eng. Bot. -
tab. 381. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Reich. Icon. Fl. Germ.
tab. 329. (optima). Boiss. Voy. en Esp.! Moris. Fl. Sardoa.
—L. bienne, Mill. Herb. in collect. Banksiana |—4. agreste,
Brot. Fl. Lusit. vol. i. p. 481 (Descript. optima).—Z. vulgare,
Linn. Herb.! (specimen Lusitanicanum ex Oporto).—L. un-
tatissimum, L. Herb. nec tamen L. sp. (specimen ex Algeria
cum uno ex eadem regione in collectione Boveana obvio plane
* Dans une plante cultivée au jardin de Kew et que je n'hésite guère à rapporter an

Lin dont il est iei question, j observe que les pétales sont crénelés comme dans le

L. usitatissimum. Ce caractère est-il en réalité variable? Dans le doute, je n° ai pas

voulu le faire entrer dans la phrase caractéristique du L. humile.

R 2

168 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

conveniens, forma vulgari multo procerius).—Z. usitatissimum,

Griseb. Spicileg. Fl. Rumel. vol. i. p. 117, excl. synon.

Linnæi.—Z. diffusum, Schult. Obs. Bot. Reichenb. Icon.

exot. tab. 128 (forma plant primo anno florentis jam ab ocula-

tissimo Brotero notata).— L. fastigiatum ? Tausch. (ex descrip-

tione manca).—4Z. marginatum, C. A. Mey. Ind. Cauc. p. 225.

Ledeb. Fl. Ross. vol. i. p. 425 an Poir. ? (fide specim. e littore

Maris Caspii ab Herb. Petropol. communic.) —L. eribrosum,

Reich. Icon. Fl. Germ. tab. 330.

Obs. Cette espèce, qui ressemble aux deux précédentes, se dis-
tingue aisément de la première par les cloisons et demi-cloisons de
sa capsule qui sont ciliées au lieu d’ étre glabres; de la seconde
par son fruit de deux tiers plus petit, et de toutes deux par ses
fleurs pâles beaucoup plus petites et ses feuilles supérieures très
étroites. Elle se présente d’ailleurs sous deux états très différents,
suivant qu’elle fleurit la première année, ou que sa racine, devenue
ligneuse, produit de nombreuses tiges ascendantes, presqu’ égales
entr’elles, et qui sont restées peut-être deux ans sans fleurir.
Cette dernière forme est celle qu’ont décrite Hudson et Smith.
La première, assez variable pour la taille, a presque toujours sa
tige centrale très nourrie aux dépens des autres qui restent la
plupart stériles. C est là le Z. angustifolium, si bien décrit dans le
Flora Sardoa, et que M. Grisebach regarde à tort comme le L. usita-
tissimum, erreur qu'on est surpris de trouver dans un ouvrage
aussi consciencieusement écrit que l’est le Spicilegium flore
Rumelice, mais dont l'auteur fait entrevoir la cause lorsqu’ il dit
que le vrai L. angustifolium recueilli par lui en Allemagne possède
des stigmates capités. Ce caractère appartient au L. perenne;
mais il ne convient pas au L. angustifolium des auteurs anglais,
de Koch, de Reichenbach, et de presque tous les botanistes. La
meilleure description que je connaisse de ce dernier est dans le
Flora Lusitanica de Brotero.

4. L. suedafoliwm, Planch. Annuum? multicaule, humile, ii
berrimum, glaucescens; foliis alternis, confertis, linearibus,
obtusiusculis, integerrimis, marginibus subinvolutis, basi eglan- —
dulosis; ramulis axillaribus greci pauci-foliatis, apice uni- -

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 169

floris; floribus non magnis ; sepalis subspathulatis, obtusissimis,

integerrimis, petalis pallide cæruleis subduplo brevioribus.

Has. in Nove Holl. australis regionibus interioribus. Lieut.
Col, Mitchell. (ex Herb. Lindley.)

Species distinctissima. Radix simplex, descendens, 3-pollicaris.
Caules numerosissimi, basi conferti, erecti, 4—5-pollicares,
graciles, teretes, dense foliati. Folia a basi ad apicem sensim
majora, suprema 3-4 lin. longa, apice interdum latiora, carno-
sula, trinervia, illa Suede fruticose referentia. Ramuli floriferi
ex axillis fol. superiorum adscendentes, flexuosi, 1-1} poll.
longi, foliis 4-5 ceteris vix minoribus sparsi, sub flore plus
minus longe denudati. Flores eis L. angustifolii paulo minores.

5. L.marginale, A. Cunningh. mst. perenne? glaberrimum ; cauli-
bus pluribus (an semper?) apice ramosis; foliis lineari-lanceolatis,
superioribus angustissimis ; corymbis fastigiatis ; pedicellis ante
et post anthesim erectis, strictis; sepalis ovatis, acuminatis,
acutis, integerrimis, albo-marginatis, capsula acuminata parva
brevioribus ; stylis supra medium connatis.

Has. In Australia extra-tropica, et in Tasmania.—Novæ Cambri
regiones sylvaticæ interiores, AX. Cunningh. Port Stephens,
Domina Parry, in Herb. Hooker. Port Jackson, Smith. Port
Philip secus oram australem Nove Hollandiæ, Gunn in Herb.
Hook. Sinus regis Georgii ? Bazter, in Herb. Hook. (ex speci-
mine imperfectissimo). Flumen Cygnorum in ore occidentali,
Drummond, ibid. ‘Tasmania insula, Gunn, no. 71. ibid.

L. marginale, A. Cunningh., mst. in Herb. Hook.— L. gracile,
Smith, mst. in Herb.—L. angustifolium, DC. Prod. I. p. 426.
(quoad stirpem australasicam) non Huds.—L. angustifolium,
Bartl. in Preiss. enum. pl. 1. p. 161. excl. syn. Huds.

Obs. Cette plante se distingue sans peine du Z. angustifolium,
par ses fleurs beaucoup plus nombreuses réunies en corymbe au
lieu @ être éparses sur des grappes presque toujours simples; et
surtout par ses styles soudés plus qu'à moitié de leur hauteur.
Jai adopté pour le désigner le nom manuscript de marginale, quoi-
qu'il existe déja un Z. marginatum de Poiret; parce que cette
dernière espèce aurait du être oubliée depuis longtemps, avec le
fatras des énigmes indéchiffrables.

170 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

6. L. hologynum, Reichenb. Annuum? caulibus ascendentibus,
subsimplicibus; floribus paucis, laxe racemosis; stylis longe
connatis.

Has. in Bannatu.

L. hologynum, Reich. Fl. excurs. 5164, et Icon. Fl. Germ.
tab. 331.

* Ascendens spithameum-pedale, folia linearia pinguioribus in-
dividuis superiora lanceolata acuminata, singulis margo lævius-
culus, nervus solitarius excurrens, inflorescentia rigidula, flores
pauci longe pedunculati, sepula e basi latissima, acuminata, late
hyalino-membranacea apice ciliata, dorso tenuia uninervia nervo
crasso elevato, capsulam acuminatam subæquantia. Flos fere
L.usitatissimi nec major, stylo ab omnibus Europæis distinctus."
Reich. ez Compend. Fl. Germ. auct. Bluff. et Fingerhut, ed.
Nees ab Esenb. et Schauer, 1836. vol. 1. p. 349.

Obs. Je ne connais cette espèce que par la figure qu’en a publié
M. Reichenbach. Elle n’est pas dans les collections de plantes
d’ Allemagne qu’il a distribuées par souscription, et où mon maitre
M. Dunal avait eu la bonté de la chercher pour moi. La soudure
des styles la distingue de L. wsitatissimum et humile, auxquels elle
ressemble par tous les autres points.

7. L. monogynum, Forst. Perenne; ramis corymbosis; floribus
magnis, albis; stylis longe connatis.

Has. in Nov. Zelandia, Forster in Hb. Hooker; —ibidem ad
sinum dictum Bay of Islands, Rick. Cunningham in Herb.
Hook.

L. monogynum, Forst. prod. n. 145. Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 8574.

+ + Stigmata linearia, stylo abrupte crassiora.
a. Flores rosei.

8. L. decumbens, Desf. Annuum; caulibus decumbentibus; co-
rymbis paucifloris, densiusculis ; sepalis e basi lata, membranaceo-
marginata, in acumen crassum, herbaceum, acutum, subrecur-
vum contractis, conniventibus ; petalis calyce duplo longioribus.

Has. In Mauritania; in arvis prope Sbibam, regni Tunetani,
Desf. prope Oran, M. Munby in Hb. Hook.; Mauritania,
(absque loco proprio) Vač in Hb. Gouan, nunc Honor in
Sicilia, Parlatore in Hb. Hook.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 171

L. decumbens, Desf. Fl. Atl. vol. i. p. 278, tab. 79. Reichenb.
Icon. Fl. Germ. f. 5168, 4.

9. L. grandiflorum, Desf. Annuum? multicaule, humile, foliosum;
corymbis laxis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis, aristato-acuminatis, basi
latissime, apice angustissime membranaceo-marginatis; petalis
calyce subtriplo longioribus.

Has. in Mauritania; in arvis argillosis prope Mascar, Desf.; prope
Oran, M. Munby in Hb. Hook.; etiam in summitate montis
Braus, prope Nicæam, Risso ex Mutel. (an vere eadem ?)

L. grandiflorum, Desf. F1. Atl. vol. i. p. 278. tab. 78.

| B. Flores cærulei.

10. L. Narbonense, L. Perenne, glabrum; caulibus elatis, virgatis;
foliis lanceolato-linearibus, erectis, margine scabris; corymbis
contractis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis, cuspidatis, pergamaceis,
nitentibus, bracteisque albo-marginatis.

Var. 8? an sp. distincta ?—foliis ovatis v. rarius lanceolatis, superi-
oribus deflexis.— Z. reflexum, Ait.

Has. var. a in Gallia mediterranea, ex gr. prope Monspelium, ubi
ipse legi; in Italia boreali a Nicea ad Carniam (Koch Syn.); in
Hispania, in regni Granatensis regione montana et alpina infe-
riore, Sierra Bermeja, Sierra Tejeda, Sierra Nevada, Sierra
San Geronimo alt. 1500-1600 ped., Boiss.

Var. 8 ex seminibus Ortegianis in hortum Kewensem adducta,
loco natali incerto, sed verosimiliter Hispania.

L. Narbonense, L. sp. 398. Reich. Icon. Fl. Germ. f. 5161.—
L. scariosum, Scheele in Flora s. Bot. Zeit. ann. 1843, p. 433.
fide specim. Sieberiani ex alpib. Styriacis.—L. 7effezum, Ait.
Hort. Kew. vol. i. p. 387.

Obs. Le L. reflexum, que je réduis ici au rang de variété, est
remarquable par la manière dont ses feuilles supérieures sont déflé-
chies ou dirigées du haut vers le bas des rameaux. Elles sont
d'ailleurs en général plus larges que celles de la forme commune
du L. Narbonense. Mais la largeur des feuilles est tellement variable
chezles Lins, qu'on peut à peine la regarder comme un signe
certain de distinction spécifique. Dans ce cas, néanmoins, la ques-
tion doit rester un peu douteuse, tant qu'on n'aura pour la

172 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

résoudre que deux échantillons desséchés et imparfaits. Le premier,

qui fait autorité pour l’espèce, existe dans l'herbier de Banks

conservé au British Muséum ; j'ai découvert le second, sans nom
et sans localité, parmi les plantes de Smith, qui font partie des
collections de la Société Linnéenne de Londres.

11. L.nervosum, Waldst. et Kit. Perenne; caulibus ascendentibus,
erectis, virgatis, apice paniculato-divisis, inferne pilosis, cæterum
glabris et lævibus; foliis in parte inferiore ramulorum emarcidis,
parvis, squamæformibus, minute ciliatis, imbricatis; caulinis
ovato-v. lineari-lanceolatis, aut lanceolato-linearibus, acutissime
setaceo-cuspidatis, 5—3-nerviis, margine scabriusculis, glabris;
pedicellis ad apices ramulorum paucis v. demum sub fructu laxe
racemosis, infimis fructu multo longioribus; sepalis eximie
cuspidatis, subimmarginatis, glanduloso-ciliatis, capsula ovato-
acuta paulo longioribus ; stylis inferne connatis.

Var. 8, glabrata, caulibus inferne glaberrimis.

Has. Stirps typica in Hungaria, W. et Kit.; ibid. e Bannatu,
Hb. Hook.—Var. 8 in Rossia australi; Ucrania, M. Biebst. ex
Ledeb.; ad Tanaim, Henning, Goldbach, ex Ledeb.; in Tauria,
Pallas in Hb. Hook.; et in provinciis Caucasiis, ex Ledeb.

12. L. virgultorum, Boiss. et Heldr. mst. Annuum, glaberrimam ;
caule virgato, gracili, tereti, levissimo, basi ima nudo, apice in
ramos alternos elongatos, interdum fere a basi unilateraliter
fructi- et floriferos diviso; foliis inferioribus emarcidis, haud
imbricatis, caulinis lanceolato-linearibus, basi rotundatis, bre-
vissime subpetiolatis, acutissime cuspidatis, margine leviter
involuto asperis; pedicellis fructiferis patenti-erectis, sulcatis,
capsula triplo longioribus; sepalis exterioribus lanceolatis,
interioribusque ovatis, inferne albo-marginatis, eximie cuspi-
datis, glanduloso-ciliatis, capsulam ovato-globosam superantibus;
stylis inferne connatis.

Has. inter frutices montium Pamphyliæ, in fauce Tsimboukchan, —
ab Heldreich in Hb. Hook. a cl. Boiss. communicatum.

Species L. nervoso affinis; sed duratione, caule basi ima nudo,

. inflorescentia longius unilateraliter racemosa, floribus (ex sicco) E
minoribus, et capsula piso minore vel æquali absque dubio dis- -
tincta. *

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 173

Obs, J'étais occupé à corriger la dernière épreuve du tableau
synoptique de la distribution des Linées, lorsque cette espéce est
venue pour la premiére fois sous mes yeux. Trompé par un
examen nécessairement rapide et superficiel, je la réunis dans ma
pensée au L. 2ervosum, et j' introduisis à tort la Pamphylie parmi
les localités de cette dernière plante. Il ne me reste aujourdhui
qu’ à espérer de l’indulgence des savants auteurs de la nouvelle
espèce le pardon d’une erreur que je m’ empresse de corriger.

14. L. Aucheri, nov. sp. Perenne? ; glaberrimum ; caulibus sub-
simplicibus; foliis alternis, approximatis, sessilibus, lanceolatis,
acutis, 3—nerviis, subtus subglaucescentibus, margine scabris ;
pedicellis solitariis ramulos breves corymbosos terminantibus,
fructiferis stricte erectis; calycibus L. nervosi, capsula ovata
brevioribus.

Has. in monte Dyulfeck, prov. Mazendaran secus mare Caspium ;
Aucher Eloy, no. 4275.

Caules verosimiliter e basi communi perennante avulsi, pedales,
stricti, teretes, obsolete-striati. Folia approximata, intermedia
circiter pollicaria, 3 lin. lata; internodiis subduplo longiora;
infima supremaque sensim breviora; omnia basi obtusa, apice
acutissima, margine scabra, subglauco-viridia, subtus pallidiora.
Rami inflorescentiæ fructiferæ 3—4, vix 1-2-pollicares ; pedi-
cellis circiter 3 lin. longis, calyci subæqualibus. Sepala inæqualia,
exteriora vix 23 lin. longa, omnia ovato-lanceolata, acutissime
acuminata, margine scarioso, angusto, eglanduloso, serrulato. -
Styli ad basim liberi. Capsula ovata, acutiuscula, 33 lin. longa.
Obs. Cette espèce est extrémement voisine du L. zervosum, qui

s’en distingue surtout par des capsules à peine égales au calice,

au lieu de le dépasser.

Series ** Adenolinum, Reichenb. vide supra. vol. vi. p. 597.

15. L. perenne, L. Perenne v. subperenne (Schiede), multi-
caule ; foliis linearibus v. lineari-lanceolatis ; glandulis stipula-
ribus 0; floribus racemoso-corymbosis, sepius ante anthesin
nutantibus; sepalis ovatis, vix ac ne vix acuminatis, eglandu-
VOL. VII. s

174 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

losis ; stylis a basi liberis, staminibus longioribus aut breviori-
bus !; capsula acutiuseula, haud acuminata.

L. perenne, L. sp. 397.-—Bentham Cat. pl. Langu. p. 96 ; Schiede
in Linn. vol. i. p. 71.

Var. a Anglicum,—elatius, caulibus ascendenti-erectis, foliis an-
gustis, floribus majusculis, demum racemosis; pedicellis fruc-
tiferis stricte erectis; sepalis 5-nerviis, interioribus obtusissimis,
capsula subglobosa parum brevioribus.

— L. Anglicum, Mill. L. perenne, L. Herb. (specimen ex horto
Upsaliensi) ; Smith, Engl. Bot. tab. 40 ; Koch. ; Reichenb. Icon.
Fl. Germ. fig. 5159.—L. perenne a Anglicum, Schiede, l. e.—
L. hispanicum, Mill. Herb. (in collect. Banks.)
8 Sibirieum,—humilius, caulibus numerosis, erectis; foliis latius-
cule-linearibus ; floribus magnis, sub anthesi corymbosis ; sepalis
interioribus obtusissimis ; pedicellis fructiferis stricte erectis.

— L. Sibiricum, L.; DC.; Ledeb.

y Pyrenaicum, humile, caulibus numerosis, adscendenti erectis,
dense foliatis, foliis late linearibus ; floribus ad apices caulium
paucis; pedicellis fructiferis stricte erectis; sepalis nervosis,
interioribus obtusis, capsula anguste ovata, majuscula, tertia v.
fere dimidia parte brevioribus.

— L. Pyrenaicum, Pourr. fide Benth.——L. montanum, auct. quoad
stirpem Pyrenaicam.

8 montanum, precedenti conforme, nisi folia angustiora, et cap-
'sula et flores minores. (Hi variant staminibus stylo duplo bre-
vioribus, aut duplo longioribus).

— L. montanum, Schleich. exsicc.; DC.; Gaudin. Fl. Helv. © x

vol. ii. p. 459; Koch; Reichenb. Icon. Fl. Germ. fig. 5160, b;
Boreau; Coss. et Germ, &c.—L. punctatum, Presl. Fl. Sie.
p.172? (ex specimine imperfecto, fructifero, a cl. Parlatore
sub hoc nomine communicato).

— subvar. + decumbens,—caulibus decumbentibus, (in forma illa
stamina sepius stylis breviora, observante Hudsonio, qui illam
ex eadem radice ac forma erecta, elatior, floribus majoribus et —
staminibus stylis longioribus instructa, crescentem se observasse — —

. asserit). i P

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 175

— L. sylvestre, cæruleum, perenne, procumbens, flore et capitulo
minore. Ray, Syn. 362; Lin. Herb. (specimen ex horto Upsal.
e seminibus stirpis Anglicæ).

— subvar. ++Zeonii,—caulibus prostratis, ascendentibus, sepalis
etiam interioribus acutiusculis (interdum in specimine eodem
obtusatis !)

L. montanum 8, Leonii, Hollandre Fl. de la Mos. fide cl. J. Gay.
—L. Leonii, Schulz ; Reichenb. 1. c. fig. 5159.

— € alpinum,—humile, caulibus adscendentibus, foliis angustis-
simis, in parte inferiore caulium confertissimis ; corymbo laxo,
subflexuoso, paucifloro.

L. alpinum, Jacq. Vindob. 229. — L. sp. 1672, et Herb. ! (spe-

cimen e Scopolio accept.); Koch; Reichenb. l e. 5160.—

L. montanum 8 alpinum, Schiede 1. c.

— € Lewisii; omnia var. 8, sed pedicelli fructiferi, sigmoideo-
flexuosi, erecto-patentes, et sepalorum nervi obsoleti. (Variat
cæterum, in eodem specimine, stylis staminibus brevioribus,
æqualibus v. longioribus).

L. Lewisii, Psrhh. Fl. vol. i. p.210.—L. perenne, Nutt., Hook.,
Torr. et Gray, Fl. bor. Am. vol. i. p. 204.

— n Austriacum, caulibus adscendentibus, foliis linearibus, pellu-
cido-punctatis, floribus quam in var. a minoribus, demum laxe
racemosis ; pedicellis fructiferis unilateraliter v. vage deflexis;
sepalis interioribus obtusis, capsula subglobosa parum brevioribus.

L. Austriacum, L. sp. 399 et Herb. !—Jacq. ; Koch ; Reichenb. —

l.c. f. 5156.—L. perenne B Austriacum, Schied. l..c.—L. barbu-
latum, Lange; Reichenb. l.c. f. 5156 8.—L. marginatum,
Reichenb. 1. c. f. 5156 y.—L. squamulosum, Rudolphi ; Reich.
l.c. f. 5156, 4; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. vol. i. p. 426. ?

0 Italicwm, omnia varietatis ¢, sed sepala omnia acutiuscula.

L. Tommasinii, Reichenb, 1. c. f. 5156, a.—L. perenne y Italicum,
Schiede, 1. c.

+ P—pallescens, caulibus erectis ; foliis linearibus, carnosulis ; pedi-
cellis fructiferis, stricte erectis ; stylis brevissimis.

L. pallescens, Bunge in Ledeb. fl. Alt. vol. i. p. 438.

Has. Stirps quam maxime polymorpha ab Europa australi et

s'2

176 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

media per Siberiam totam ad Montes scopulosos Americæ
borealis inter gradus 37° et 57° Lat. bor. et ad sinum Hudsonis
usque extensa.

— var. a in sabulosis calcareis Angliæ comit. Cambridgeshire,
Northamptonshire, Westmoreland, Suffolk et alibi passim; in
Hibernia prope Monkstown, Hook. Brit. Fl. ; Germanis ditio
Rhenana inter Beuzheim et Darmstadt et prope Francofortium
(Francf. am Mein), Koch ; Rossia media, trans Mosquam, prope
Kursk, Tambow; Volhynia, Rossiz australis; Kiew, Podolia,
Ucrania, prov. Azow ad Tanaim, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

— var. B per Siberiam fere totam et in America bor.; Sibiria
Uralensis, prope Yekaterineberg, Ledeb. ; Sib. Altaica, Ledeb.
in Hb. Hook. ; in montes Tarbagatai et in subalpinis ad rivu-
lum Tscheharak,—Assu, Kar. et Kir. ex Ledeb.; ad Jeniseam
prope Krasnoyarsk, Mangesea et alibi; Siberia Baicalensis et
orientalis prope Olekminsk, Wilnisk, et Irkutzk, Lebed. Fl.
Ross. ; Davuria, Pallas in Hb. Hook. ; Kamtschatka, Gmelin;
úni: ex Chamisso.

Var. y in Pyrenæeis, ex gr. in valle Ulan dicta, Benth. in
Hb. Hook.; in monte Port de Pailligres Pyr. cent.; Ændress.
ann. 1830 » herb. Union. it.

Var. è in alpibus humilioribus v. pascuis planitierum Europe cen-
tralis; Gallia media, Boreau; ager Parisiensis, Coss et Germ.;
Alpes Helvetica, Schleich, W. J. Hook. (ex Herb. Hook.), et
Jurane, Gaud.; ibi in ditione Bex, loco dicto Passage
de l’écluse, Gay, in Hb. Hook. (Forma inter var y et 6 fere
media); in pascuis et pratis siccis planitierum Germanis prope
München et Regensburg, Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. 2 nda ; Alpes
Apuanæ, Bertoloni in Hb. Hook.

Subvar. T in agro Cantabrigiensi, Ray...... et seii
ubique cum forma typica

Subvar. Tf in Gallia bor. occident. prope Ouville (Manlio)
J. Gay, i in Hb. Hook.

Var. e in alpibus Germanie, Helvetiæ occident, et Pyrensorum
or.; Alpes Austriacæ, ex gr. Alpe Schneeberg, Jacqu. in Hb.
Banks; Helvetia, Kock Syn.; Pyrenæi, Benth. in Herb. Lind;
Costabona, Raze, et Font-de-Comps, nec alibi, ex Lapeyre. ———

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 177

Var. ¢in America bor. occid. a mare arctico secus montes Sco-
pulosos, usque ad ditionem Arkansas ; in sterilibus montium Sco-
pulosorum usque ad littora maris Pacifici, Doug/. in Hb. Hook.
et Lindl.; ibi in ditione Wallah-Wallah, Zo/mie in Hb. Hook.;
secus flumen Saskatchawan, Richards., in Hb .Hook. ; ad sinum
Hudsonii, Burke in Hb. Hook.; in ditione Arkansas, Nuttall
ex Torr. et Gray.

Var. n in Europa australi-orientali ; Austria in arenosis ad Belve-
dere Vienne, Dr. T. Fendler in Hb. Hook.; Carniolia, Herb.
Hook.; Moravia et Bohemia, Koch Syn. ; Macedonia, Griseb.
Spicil. Fl. Rum. ; Mons Athos, 4ucher, no. 836 in Hb. Hook.;
Rossia australis, Podolia, Besser; Ucrania; gub. Cherson ad
Tanaim; prope Astrachan ; Tauria et prov. Caucasicse ad flumen
Terek; Somchetia, Kachetia, Mingrelia, Imeretia, Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. (vidi specim. e Rossia australi absque loco proprio ex-
Herb. Petropol. communic. sub nom. L. squamulosi) ; Caucasus
territor. Elizabethpol et mons Talusch, Mey. ex Ledeb.; (hec
forma, que L. squamulosum, Ledeb. constituit ad var. e valde
accedit) ; Mesopotamia, Aucher, no. 825 in Hb. Hook.

Var. 6 in Italia prope Panormum et in insula Cherso; Bartling -
ex Schied.; prope Tergestum, Zommas.; Benth. in Hb. Hook.

Var. « Sibiria Altaica, Zedeb. in Hb. Hook.; desertum Soongaro-
Kirghisicum inter Usumbulak et Gorkoi-piket, Karelin et
Kiril. ex Ledeb.

Obs. Quatre espèces Linnéennes, adoptées par la plûpart des
auteurs et subdivisées à l infini par quelques autres, viennent, comme
on voit, se fondre dans le seul L. perenne. J'avoue qu'avant
d'adopter cette conclusion, dont l’idée première appartient en partie
à Mr, Bentham, et en entier à M. Schiede, j’ ai passé et repassé
mille fois devant mes yeux une masse d" échantillons de ces diverses
formes. J’ ai vu des différences entre leurs points extrèmes, mais
Je laisse & d’autres, plus clairvoyants ou plus heureux que moi,
le soin de fixer leurs limites, s’il en existe de certaines. La varia-
tion la plus remarquable peut-être, celle de la longueur relative des
étamines et des styles, s’observe chez presque toutes les formes de
la plante, et mérite toute l'attention des botanistes, parce qu’ elle
cache sans doute un petit mystère dont l'observation de la plante

178 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

vivante peut dévoiler le secret. Les fleurs à styles courts muris-

sent leurs fruits, et paraissent avoir du pollen, comme celles à

styles alongés. Mais ce caractère n’est-il pas lié à quelques par-

ticularités physiologiques des organes floraux? N'influe-t-il pas
sur le mode de fécondation ? Se transmet-il de la plante à celles
qui proviennent de ses graines? Voilà des questions que je ne
puis résoudre, ni au mois d’ Octobre, ni dans les environs de Kew

où ne croit aucune espèce de Lin, mais que je recommande à

l'attention des botanistes, qui pourraient avoir à leur portée, ou le

L. perenne, ou le L. sadsoides, chez lesquels la même variation parait

avoir lieu.

Species habitu ad L. mysorensem accedens sed glandulis sepala mar-
ginantibus, aliisque notis ab illa distincta.

?16. L. Stelleroides, nov. sp. Glaberrimum; caule (e radice
annua?) simplici, recto, superne conferte-ramuloso; ramulis
strictis, erectis, in racemos subsimplices, paucifloros abeuntibus;
foliis ericoïdeis, levibus; glandulis stipularibus 0 ; pedicellis
calyce triplo et ultra longioribus, erectis ; sepalis ovatis, margine
glandulis nigris hine inde obsitis; capsula ovata, acuminata,
acuta brevioribus.

Has. in China, Hb. Hook., verosim. e collectione cl. Fortune.

Radix simplex, brevis, hine inde fibrillosa, verosimil. annua.
Caulis ascendens, rectus, sublignosus, teres, semipedalis, crassi-
tudine pennæ passerine, lævis, cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum
punctiformibus inferne notatus; sub apice (casu quodam
abscisso) conferte ramulosus. Folia linearia, patentia, 3-4 lin.

longa, 2 v. 4 lin. lata, plana, interdum subtorta, glaucescentiay ^

levissima. Flores eis L. maritimi paulo minores; sepala ovata,
viridia, enervia, 3 exteriora aeuta, interiora obtusata. Petala non
rite visa, sed ex sicco, ut videtur, cyanea. Capsula grano piperis
subæqualia, ovata, eximie acuta, valvarum semihiantium apicibus
diu connexis; styli ima basi concreti; stigmata capitellata.
Subgen. II. C/iocoeca. Vide supra vol. vi. p. 597. A
l7. L. selaginoides, Lamk. Perenne, glabrum ; caulibus e caudice

denudato v. pluribus, ascendentibus, simplicibus v. sepius à — |

basi ramuliferis et apice corymboso-divisis, 3-10 pollicaribus ; o
foliis alternis, confertis, incurvo-imbricatis, subulatis, mucro-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 179

nato-piliferis; floribus ramulos foliosos cymæ pauci-divisæ
terminantibus, subsessilibus ; petalis calyce brevioribus (albidis
v. rufescentibus, interdum apice roseis, 4. S. Hil.), in unguem
attenuatis; capsula obovato-globosa, apice obtusa (v. umbili-
cata, A. S. Hi/.), complete 10- loculari, piso parvo æquali v.
parum minore.

L. selaginoides, Lamk. dict. vol. ii. p. 504. A. S. Hil. Fl. Bras,
merid. vol. i. p. 131.

Var. 8? an sp. distincta ?>—Cfilensis; caudice subterraneo, tor-
tuoso, in caudiculos plures graciles (subterraneos) diviso;
ramulis foliatis 1-3 pollicaribus; capsula globosa, grano piperis
subæquali.

L. selaginoides, Schiede in Lin. vol. i. p. 67. quoad stirpem
Chilensem ; Cl. Gay, Fl. Chil. vol i. p. 464, vix Lamk.

Has. Stirps typica in Brasiliæ prov. Cisplatina, prope Montevideo,
Commers.; A. S. Hil.; Tweedie in Hb. Hook. ; Sellow. ibid. ex
Hb. Berolin. (specimina pro specie procera).

Var. 8. in regno Chilensi prope Valvidia, Bridges, no. 669 in Hb.
Hook. j
Obs. Je regrette beaucoup de n'avoir pas à ma portée des échan-

tillons en fleur des deux formes que je laisse réunies sous le nom de

L. selaginoides. Les différences qu’ elles présentent au coup d’ ceil

et dans la grandeur de leur fruit me font présumer qu’elles seront

un jour définies comme deux espèces. Il n’est pas impossible
même que la variété 8 se rapporte à l'espèce suivante, et je P aurais
peut-être considerée comme telle, si M. Claud. Gay ne décrivait les
. Pétales de la plante Chilienne comme blancs on légèrement roses,
- tandis qu’ils sont d’un rouge pourpre chez celle de M. Babington.

19. L. Babingtonii, Planch. Perenne, glabrum, humile; cauli-
bus e caudice lignoso pluribus, parum ramosis; foliis confertis,
incurvo-imbricatis, subulatis, mucronato-piliferis ; floribus ad
apices ramulorum subsessilibus ; petalis calyce duplo brevioribus,
purpureis, oblongis, vix basi attenuatis, haud unguiculatis ;
capsula subglobosa, truncata (in parte superiore fusco-purpurea),
calyce breviore, complete 10- loculari.

Has. In horto Cantabrigiensi ,e seminibus (Australasicis ex auct.
quod mihi valde dubium) educata.

180 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Cliococca tenuifolia, Babingt. in Trans. Soc. Lin. Lond. vol. xix.
p. 34. tab. 3.

Obs. Malgré le peu de disposition que je me sens à faire des
espèces sur des plantes que je n'ai pas vues, il me parait clair
que la plante figurée par M. Babington est distincte du L. selagi-
noides, par ses pétales plus courts, non attenués ni onguiculés à la
base, pourpres au lieu d’être blancs ou roussâtres ou rarement
roses à leur sommet, et par les denticules interposés à leurs
étamines, qui sont semi-oblongs, au lieu que ceux du L. se/aginoi-
des sont décrits par M. Aug. de St. Hilaire comme angustissimi.

Subgen. IIT. LINASTRUM.
Linopsis et Cathartolini, sp. Reichenb.
(Vide supra vol. vi. p. 597.)

Ser. * DiCHROLINUM, vide supra ibid.

20. L. tenuifolium, L. Perenne ; caule primario abbreviato, secun-
dariis virgatis, simplicibus, ' (rarissime furcatis,) sterilibus pube-
rulis; foliis subulatis, pungentibus, glabris, margine-ciliatis ;
corolla (ex cl. Benth.) subrotata, fundo purpureo ; petalis aspero
lineis purpureis striatis; sepalis ovatis, acutissime cuspidatis,
roseo-albis, capsula ovato-acuminata longioribus. i

Variat folis impunctatis v. (in specim. Aucheriano no. 833.)
punctis impressis sparsis.

L. tenuifolium, L. sp. (exclus. B. y. e. et verosim. synonym.
plerisque) et Hb. (specimen Monspeliense) ; Reichenb. Icon. Fl.
Germ. tab. 5165.

Has. in Europa media et australi, et in Asia minore; ager Parisi- -
ensis, circa Fontainebleau, CZ. J. Gay in Hb. Hook.; Gallia
media, in ditionibus Cher, Nièvre, Loiret (etc.) ubi non rara,
Boreau, Fl. du Cent. ; Gallia mediterr. prope Avenionem, Requien
in Hb. Hook. ; prope Monspelium, Herb. Dinn., ubi ipse post
alios legi; Helvetia occidentalis, in ericetis et locis aridis, VX

in montes adscendens, Gaud. Fl. Helv. ; Valesia inferior, Gaud.; | :

Germania, in provinciis mediis et australibus, sed non ubique,
Koch Syn.; Vindobonz,.prope Dombach, Zreviranus in Hb. m
Hook.; Italia prope Spalato, R. C. Alexander in Hb. Hook. ; E
Rossia australis, Podolia, Besser ; Tauria, M. Biebst., Pallas 1n

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 181

Hb. Hook.; Provincia Caucas, Ledeb.: Rossia austr., prope Odes-
sam, Auch. no. 833 ; Syria prope Antab, Montbret in Hb. Hook.
Semisepta capsule versus basim pilis albis barbata, cæterum glabra.

Styli in omnibus specimin., quos vidi, staminibus longiores.

21. L. sa/sofoides, DC. Fruticulosum, humile; ramis sterilibus
vix pilosulis ; foliis subulatis, inferioribus abbreviatis et supra
bisulcis, glabris, aspero-ciliatis; corolla (ex cl. Benth.) campanu-
lata, fundo intus purpureo; sepalis ovatis, acutissime cuspidatis,
capsula longioribus (fide Reichenb. et Boiss.)

Variat, e speciminibus Monspessulanis, stylis staminibus con-
spicue longioribus v. eisdem brevioribus ! ; petalis nune circiter —
pollicaribus, nune vix ultra 8 lin. longis. Specimina e ditione
Suziana corollam adhue minorem, cum stylis staminibus longi-
oribus, exhibent. |

Has. in Gallia media et mediterranea, et in Italia. Gallia media,
in ditione Cher passim rara, Saul, de Lambertye, ex Boreau Fl.
du Cent.; Gall. mediterr., prope Monspelium, Benth. in Hb.
Hook.; ibidem ipse legi; verosimiliter pluribus locis in Gall.
mediterr. occurrit; ditio Pedemontana, Suza, cl. Woods in
Hb. Hook.

L. salsoloides, DC., Prod. vol. i.p. 427 (ex loco natali). Vix
Lamk. Diet. vol. iv. p. 521? Reichenb. Icon. Fl. Germ.
tab. 5165, C.

Species sequenti proxima, sed caules secundarii breviores fere a
basi ramulosi, nec in altitudinem semipedalem et ultra sur- -
gentes, steriles fere plane glabrati, et folia, preter scabritiem
marginum, glabra. Illa cæterum in parte inferiore caulium
fertilium v. in ramulis propriis sterilibus, haud axillaribus, ab-
breviata et, more Sedi rupestris, conferta, nec in fasciculos axil-
lares, ut solent illa L. suffruticosi, collecta. Specimina florida
plura sub oculis habeo, sed fructus mihi desideratur.

Obs. En conservant à la plante que je viens de décrire le nom
de L. salsoloides, sous lequel elle est généralement connue dans les
herbiers, jai du. substituer De Candolle à Lamarck, comme au-
torité pour l'espéce. Il s’agit, en effet, d’une plante de la
France méditerranéene à laquelle De Candolle a peut-étre appliqué

VOL, VII. ; E

-182 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

à faux la description que Lamarck a donnée de son L. sa/soloides
d’Espagne ; car, chez la plante de Montpellier dont M. Reichen-
bach a publié une figure (Icon. Flor. Germ. t. 5165, c.), les sépales
sont presque deux fois plus longs que le fruit; tandis qu’ils
égalent à peine cet organe, chez la plante de Lamarck. Si donc,
comme il est à présumer, cette dernière est distincte de l’ espèce
de France, c'est elle qui devra retenir le nom de L. sa/soloides,
et l'on pourrait dans ce cas appliquer au L. sa/soloides des flores
françaises le nom de L. Candollei ou de L. commutatum. En
attendant que la vue d’échantillons, authentiques permette à
quelque botaniste de décider définitivement cette question, je joins
ici, comme pièce du procès, la diagnose et la description que
Lamarck donne de sa plante.

* L, salsoloides.—L. caulibus basi fruticulosis, imbricato-foliosis,
* superne nudiusculis, filiformibus ; foliis subulatis triquetris.

* B idem? folis longioribus, minus strictis.

“ Linum sylvestre crispum Hispanicum, parvo flore albo. Barrel.
* Icon. 795.” — (Iconem laudatam ipse non vidi; J. Z. Planch.)

“ Radix lignosa, sat crassa, basi fibrosa, ad collum divisa, caules
** plures agens, alios steriles, alios floriferos, fruticulosos, parce ra-
* mosos ét inferne foliosos. Caules fertiles gracillimi, filiformes,
* glabri, nudiusculi, foliis raris præditi, apice paniculati, 7-8 poll.
“longi; steriles multo breviores. Folia parva, brevia, lineari-subu-
“ata, carinata, trigona, recta, viridia, glabra et quasi vermiculata,
* sparsa; inferiores et illa ramorum sterilium subimbricata, et
“tantum 1 lin. longa. Capsule parve ( fort petites, Lamk.
* quod tamen vix pro minute intelligitur), globulose, acuminate,

* calyci insidentes, cujus foliola ovata acuminata eas via eequant."

Lamk. Encycl. vol. iii. p. 520, ex Gallico versus. «Cei iD |

* Hispania.” Lamk. vid. sice. :
22. L suffruticosum, L. Fruticulosum; ramis sterilibus de
lutescenti-pubescentibus; foliis subulatis, ramulorum axillarium
sterilium brevibus, confertis, crassis, supra bisulcis, undique
aspero-papillosis v. cinereo-pubescentibus; petalis cuneato-
obovatis, in acumen breve abruptè angustatis ; sepalis ovatis,
acutissime cuspidatis, capsula ovata acuta brevioribus. =

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 183

Var. 8 Jacquini humilior, omni parte gracilior: an sp. distincta ?

Has. in Hispaniæ provinciis fere omnibus; Navarra, Dufour ex
Boiss. ; Arragonia, Asso ex Boiss.; ditio Valentina, Cavan.,
. Ruiz et Pav. in Hb. Mus. Brit.; ditio Granatensis, in dumosis
regionis calide superioris et montane vulgatissimum, inter
Malaga et Alhaurin, Sierra Bermeja, Sierra Tejeda, Sierra Ne-
vada, usque ad San Geronimo, alt. 800’—5000’; Boiss. Voy. ;
in montib. calcar. prope Chiva, Callada-Royo, etc. Willkomm.
in Hb. Hook.

Var. 8 in Austria, Jacg. in Hb. Banks. nune Mus. Brit. (absque
loco proprio).

L. suffruticosum, L. sp. p. 400. quoad syn. ef locum natalem.
(Specim. in Herb. summi magistri exstat nomine L. Zenuifolii B,
ejus manu inscriptum.)—Cavan. Icon. ii. tab. 108. (icon non
mala).—Boiss. Voy. Bot. en Esp. p. 108.

Descriptio stirpis typice. Caules plures ascendentes, pluries
furcato-ramosi, v. hinc inde ramulos alternos, confertos emit-
tentes, tri- sex-pollicares et ultra, crassitie penne corvinæ
V. anserinæ, denudati, epidermide rimulosa v. in squamas deli-
tescente, sæpius flavescente. Folia ramorum fertilium sub-
ulata, 5-6 lin. longa, breviter mucronata, marginibus et nervo
medio interdum parum incrassatis, his sæpius involutis, facie
utraque papillis raris asperata, v. pilis brevibus crispulis
‘Yaris v. densis cinerea, rarius subglabra; ramulorum sterilium
abbreviatorum 1-8 lin. longa, subulato-gladiata, nervo unico
utrinque in carinam elevato, marginibus crassis involutis, super-
ficie tota pilis brevibus, papilliformibus, cinereo-flavidis asperata,
v. pube cinerea tecta. Folia floralia linearia, subulata, erecto-
patentia. Pedicelli pars nuda semper calyce brevior, nunc bre-
vissima. Calyx et corolla ab eis L. sa/so/oidis, DC. in sicco
non distinguenda. Petala alba intus, praesertim versus unguem,
dilute violacea, extus flavescentia v. interdum brunnea (ex Boiss.)
eis L. angustifolii majora. Capsule, in specimine Boissieriano,
parvi, grano Piperis nigri vix æquales, (sed ille calyce minore

quam solito suffulte sunt, et ex speciminibus aliis, imprimis
quodam Jacquiniano in Hb. Banks. asservato, capsulas sepius

T2

184 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

majores esse censeo,) ovate, acute, calyce fere tertia parte bre-

viores, (in specimine Jacquiniano ei subæquales). Stylos in

speciminibus Boisserianis et Willkommianis sepala æquantes et
staminibus conspicue breviores observavi; sed hi variant, in specie
affini L. sa/soloide, DC., staminibus longiores, aut vice versa.

Descriptio var. B.—Caules exunofere subterraneo, abbreviato plures,
tortuoso-adscendentes, graciles, superne vage ramuliferi, denu-
dati. Ramuli foliati, steriles et fertiles, sicut folia omnia,
pube brevi scabridi. Folia illis L. sadsoloidis, DC., conformia,
infima cujusve ramuli conferta, brevia, recurva. Inflorescentia et
flores in sicco nullum character distinctionis ab affinibus præbent.
Obs. Specimen alterum Jacquinianum in Hb. Mus. Britannici

asservatum, cui nulla loci natalis notitia affixa est, cum supra-

descripto foliis et inflorescentia plane convenit; capsularum
reliquias exhibet, quantum ex eorum statu imperfectissimo diju-
dicare licet, calyci subæquales ; quo charactere, et pube foliorum
superficiem totam induente, specimen utrumque certe L. suffruti-

coso propius accedit quam L. saZso/oidi, DC., aut L. ¢enuifolio, L.

L. suffruticosum, Reich. Icon. fig. 6165, b. est planta recognes- -
cenda. Varietatem 8. L. suffruticosi facie refert, sed ex verbis aucto-
“ris foliis leviusculis, margine ciliato-scabris" diversa videtur.

23. L. Ortege, Planch. Fruticulosum ; ramulis gracilibus
pluries furcatis; folis parvis, brevibus, triangulari-subulatis,
acutis, preter cilia brevissima, glabris, more Lycopodi v. An-
dromede tetragonæ, imbricatis; inflorescentia L. angustifoli et —
L. suffruticosi. if i

Has. in Hispania. Ortega in Hb. Banks., nunc Mus. Brit. -

L. suffruticosum, Ortega mst. non L. Species insignis, Andromeda
tetragone faciem præ se ferens, nisi caules elatiores et laxius
divisi : hi teretes sunt, crassitie pennæ corvinæ, inferne denudati,
et epidermide lævi, nitida vestiti, superne in ramulos multos
divisi. Folia 3-4?-fariam imbricata, triangulari-subulata,
2-21 lin. longa, leviter incurva, dorso carinata, facie concavius-
cula, annotina, in sicco pallide viridia, vetustiora emarcida,
straminea. Flores et fructus in specimine semidestructi ; sed.
stirps fere absque dubio hue recte locata.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 185

Ser. ** CATHARTOLINUM, Griseb. Spicil. vol. i. p. 118.

24. L. Catharticum. Foliis inferioribus. obovatis, intermediis ob-
longis v. elliptico lanceolatis ; pedicellis sub anthesi et antea
nutantibus, fructiferis erectis, capsula multoties longioribus,
septis semiseptisque pilis longis albis barbatis.

Occurrit foliis alternis ex cl. Boreau, quod monstrum potius quam

varietas.

Has. ab Islandia et Lapponia per Europam totam in Asiam Mi-

. norem, Africam borealem et insulas Canarienses, et Maderam.
—Islandia, Hô. Hook.; Lapponia, Wahlenb.; Suecia, Nor-
wegia, Dania, Rossia, Scotia, et Anglia fere ubique; Hollandia,
Belgium, Germania. Helvetia, in pascuis siccioribus, etiam sub-
alpinis, ultra terminum Abietis ubique ; nec St. Gothardi pascua

- alpina inferiora fugit, Wahlenb. Helv.; Albania bor., Mace-
donia, Thracia, ibi in herbosis alpinis Mont. Kobelitza alt.

4670-7000’ (substrat. calc.) Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rum. ; Grecia;
peninsula Tberica ; Insulæ Canarienses, Webb ; Madera, Lowe in

- Hb. Hook.; Ægyptus; Asia Minor, Aucher, no. 835; prov.
Caucasice, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

Ser. ***Linopsis.—Linopsidis et Cathartolini sp. Reichenb.
(Vide supra vol. vi. p. 597, 598.)

25. L. multicaule, Hook. Humile; caulibus pluribus, gracili-
' bus, supra bis v. rarius simpliciter ‘corymboso-divisis, angulato-
Suleatis; foliis crebris, erecto-imbricatis, lineari oboli aris-
tatis, rigidis, margine aculeolato-ciliatis, summorum nervo unico
subtus basi tumido; floralibus squarrosis, inferne albo-margi-
natis, florem resté fulcrantibus ; floribus parvis; sepalis
ovato-acuminatis, aristatis, capsulam ovatam obtusam super-
antibus.

Has. in ditione Texas Amer. sept. prope S. Felipe, Drummond in
‘Hb. Hook.

L. multicaule, Hook. in Torr. et Gray. Fl. of N. Am. suppl. p. 678.

Caules e radice simplici 4-5, centrali mox in ramulos ascen-
dentes diviso, v. omnes ex uno crassiusculo lignescente
connati, inferne interdum cicatricibus foliorum notati, et ibi
teretes, caeterum fere per longitudinem totam sulcato-angulati,

186 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

angulis puberulo-asperulis. Flores etiam juniores erecti. Pedi-
celli fructiferi elongati,. 2-3 lin. longi, capsule longitudinem
2—3-plo superantes. Styli ad medium (?) connati.

26. L. Zudsonioides, Planch. Humile; caulibus plurimis, apice
simpliciter corymboso-divisis, angulato-sulcatis; foliis imbri-
cato-erectis, lineari-subulatis, cristatis, glabris, margine levi-
bus, summis subsquarrosis, anguste-marginatis, pedicellis flo-
ridis duplo brevioribus; floribus in apice ramulorum solitariis ;
stylis longe supra medium connatis; sepalis ovatis, acuminatis,
aristatis, capsula ovata acuta 10-loculari longioribus.

Has. in ditione Texas, Americe septent. inter Bejar et El Rio
de la Trinidad, Berlandier, Maio 1828, in Hb. Hook.

Species præcedenti similis, sed absque dubio distincta. Planta tota
4—1-pollicaris. Radix simplex, descendens, verosimiliter peren-
nans. Caules e collo plures ; centrali robustiore e basi ramulos
crebros, conferte alternos, ascendentes emittente ; lateralibus
simplicibus v. rarius a basi divisis, nunc cauli centrali conformes,
et, cum eo, in cæspitem densum congestis ; omnibus apice tan-
tum in ramulos 3—4, breves, flore unico terminatos divisi, inferne
teretes et minute puberuli, superne sulcato-angulati, angulis *
pube brevi subpulveracea scabridis. Folia ereeto-sdprésits in-
ternodiis longiora, lineari-subulata, 3—4 lin. longa, } lin. lata,
sepius semi-torta, marginibus paululum incrassatis, kevibus,
arista terminali pungente, consistentia rigida. Nervus unieus
in folis summis basi subtus leviter tumidus (nec adeo ut in
L. multicaule). Ramuli floriferi in specimine ante anthesin
nutantes (an character constans ?), alabastris junioribus inter -
folia summa semi-occultis, florum pedicello contra 5-6 lin.
longo, profunde sulcato, angulis puberulis, apice cum flore arti-
culato. Sepala ovata, 2—4 lin. longa, marginibus late mem-
branaceis, apice denticulatis, eglandulosis, dorso viridi-fulvo,
nervo unico centrali et duobus lateralibus apice tantum con-
spicuis instructo, seta apicali lin. longa, rigida. Petala rite
non vidi. Styli apice tantum liberi. Stigmata capitata. Cap-
sula plane L. multicaulis, sed fere duplo major, ated Piso.
minori subæqualis. :

(To be. continued.)

NEW MUSCI FROM THE ANDES. 187

L4

On some new Musor, collected by Proressor W. JAMESON on
Pichincha. By the late Tuomas Taytor, M.D.

Professor Jameson continues to transmit to Europe his dis-
coveries in the Quitenian Andes. A tropical sun cannot exhaust
his zeal, or enervate his exertions; and his success is measured
not more by the multitude than the distinctness of the species he
has collected. It will readily be perceived that the following species
yield not in interest to any of those formerly described. The
entire must form an important element in ascertaining, at a future
period, the just relations of muscological life.

Puascum, L.

1. P. Jamesoni, Tayl. Hermaphroditum. Caule subsimplici, erecto;
foliis congestis, rigidis, erectiusculis, summis subpatentibus, ex
oblonga amplexante basi subulato-setaceis, margine planis, ser-
rulatis; setis subflexuosis, exsertis; capsula erecta, spheerica,
apice obtuse apiculata, siccitate corrugata.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. May, 1847.

Plants loosely aggregate, 2—3 lines high, dark olive green.
Shoots attenuated below, bushy above. Leaves half as long as
the shoots, their nerve percurrent, their points sometimes colour-
less and transparent. Fruit terminal, but by the prolongation of
the new shoot at length appearing lateral. Flowers hermaphrodite ; -
anthers oblong, pellucid, pistilla opaque; paraphyses numerous.
Capsule round, yet slightly produced at the base, as well as at the
apex, the sides very thin, wrinkled when dry. Pedicel 2-3 times
as long as the capsule. Seeds rather large, dark reddish-brown,
their coats pellucid. The habit of a Bartramia, the rigid leaves,
the great diameter of the capsule, and the hermaphrodite flowers,
render this species remarkable in the genus.

Tortura, Hedw.

1. T. campylocarpa, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, subramoso ;
foliis laxe imbricatis, patenti-recurvis, ex lata ovata basi lineari-

188 NEW MUSCI

subulatis, integerrimis, margine recurvis, summis siccitate con-

volutis, perichætialibus majoribus, erectis, adpressis; seta

elongata; capsula cylindrica, hinc curvato-inclinata ; operculo
longirostro.
On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847.

Stems about one inch high; shoots brownish, except at the
very summits, where they are yellowish-green. Inferior leaves
shorter and more distant, the upper larger and more recurved, but
the highest or perichætial are erect, and closely invest the base of
the pedicel. Peristome of sixteen pairs of filiform teeth. Pedi-
cels a fine reddish-brown. Calyptra dimidiate. No male flowers
observed. The curved capsules and slender points to the more
subulate leaves separate this from Barbula fallar, Hedw. ; whilst
the more considerable perichætia, and wider bases of the leaves
keep it distinct from Barbula vinealis, Brid.

Dipymopon, Hedw.

1. D. calyptratus, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso, erecto, subsimplici ;
folis laxe imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, incurvis, linearibus,
acutis, siccitate tortis, integerrimis, basi margine inflexis; cap-
sula tenella, cylindracea, operculo longirostro; calyptra lineari
quam capsula duplo longiori, torta.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Tufts scarcely one inch high, the younger parts glaucous-green.
Capsule longitudinally wrinkled when dry, ovato-cylindrical, sub-
plicate at the base. Columella shorter than the capsule. Calyptra
lineari-subulate, spirally twisted. Peristome of sixteen short, fili-
form teeth, each marked with an opaque line in the axis. No male
flowers observed. The shoots have the habit of Weissia tenuirostris,
Hook. et Tayl., (which some suppose to be a Didymodon,) but it
is readily distinguished by its remarkably long and spirally twi
calyptra.

PorvrucnuM, L.

1. P. Jamesoni, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, simplici, erecto,
breviori; foliis erecto-patentibus, ex lata amplexante basi linea-
ribus, acuminatis, denticulatis, nervo dilatato ; — bi

FROM THE ANDES. 189

lineari, angusta, basi obconice apophysata, quadrilata ; operculo

hemispherico, rostro elongato conico, compresso.
On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Shoots brownish, naked beneath, the leafy part about four lines
long. Leaves when dry remaining flattish, not twisted. Pedi-
cels two inches high. Peristome short, of sixteen reddish, erect,
sometimes bifid teeth. Capsule erect, very slightly curved, some-
what rough, with projecting cellules. The figure of the capsule
may be compared with that of P. angustatum, Hook.; but the
stiff, straight leaves, destitute of undulations, are sufficient differ-
ences. No male flowers were observed.

Bartrramia, Hedw.

l. B. incana, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso, dichotomo ; surculis abbre-

Viatis, erectis; foliis arcte imbricatis, erectis, tam madore quam _
. siccitate strictis, triangulari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, subserru-

latis, apice incanis; setis axillaribus caulem superantibus ;

capsula erecta, oblongo-rotundata, striata.
On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Stems about one inch high; shoots dusky olive, the very
youngest only green; branches slightly divaricating. ^ Leaves
straight, rigid, their position little altered by moisture, their points
diaphanous and colourless. Capsule twice as wide as the shoots.
Outer peristome of sixteen truncate teeth, the inner appeared to
be thinner and yellower, but traces only were visible on the speci-
mens. The hoary leaves, whose margins are not reflexed, and the —
greater and more erect capsules, distinguish this from B. stricta,
Schwaeg. No male flowers were observed.

FUNARIA, Schreb.

l. F. Jamesoni, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, simplici,
basi nudiusculo; folis in rosulam congestis, ex angusta basi
rotundato-oblongis, obtusissimis, apiculatis, evanidinerviis, sub-

integerrimis; capsula inclinata, elongate pyriformi, levi, apo-
physi obconica longitudinaliter rugosa; operculo plano.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

VoL. vn. U

190 NEW MUSCI

Stems scarcely two lines long. Leaves pale green, their nerve
rather brown, rounded at the top, yet having a short apiculus,
to which the nerve does not reach. Lid destitute of a mucro.
Outer peristome of sixteen oblique, trabeculate, opaque teeth,
` inner of as many opposite /acinie, which are pale brown, pel-
lucid, and largely cellulose. The present differs from F. Fontanesii,
Schw., by the very obtuse, sometimes rotundate tops of the leaves,
by the plane lid and the more elongated capsule, whose seed-con-
taining cavity occupies only one-third of the fruit; the vaginula,
too, is longer. No male flowers were observed.

Fisstpens, Hedw.

1. F. turbinatus, Tayl. Caule laxius cæspitoso, erecto, simplici,
apice subincurvo ; foliis erectiusculis, distichis, deorsum hetero-
mallis, elongate lingulatis, integerrimis ; seta terminali; capsula
erectiuscula, elongato-turbinata, basi strumosa ; opereulo conico,
acuminato-rostrato.
On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Shoots pale green, scarcely one inch long. Leaves from à
somewhat broader base, linear, obtuse. Capsule very slightly in-
curved, the mouth wide. The strumose base of the capsule and
the entire and elongated heteromallous leaves separate the present
abundantly from F. adiantoides, Hedw. No male flowers were
observed.

CYMBARIA, Tayi. novum genus.

Ch. Gen. Flores dioici; feminei aggregati, radicales. — Peristo-
mium simplex; dentes sedecim declinati, late lanceolati, rimis
axalibus pertusi. Capsula subæqualis, striata; annulo persis-
tente. Calyptra dimidiata ?

Habitus Fissidentis. Capsula Weissia. Peristomium Se/erodontis.
Sedes terrestris. Patria tropica. Vita perennis. 7

1. C. Jamesoni, Tayl. In monte Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson,
Maio, 1847.

Caules fere unciales, erecti, laxe cæspitosi, basi simplices, sub- -
nudi, tomentosi, supra vage ramosi. Surculi complanati. s

FROM THE ANDES. 191

Folia lete viridia, imbricata, erecto-patentia, disticha, cym-
biformia, seu oblongo-ovata acuta apice incurva, compli-
cato-carinata, denticulata, nervo valido, pellucido, excurrente,
infra subdenticulato, papillosa, infima lanceolato-subulata, cauli
appressa, minora; pericheetialia caulinis dissimilia, epapillosa,
concava, arcte imbricata, interiora enervia. Vaginula cylin-
drica, medio tumida. Seta erecta, levis, tenuis, viridis, tandem
rufescens. Capsula basi strumosa, obtuse costata, costis opacis
coloratis, intervallis autem incoloribus. Annulus adest spurius,
seu membranz annulari similis. Peristomii dentes sæpe dif-
fracti, integris vero late lanceolatis, obtusis, ad lineam axalem
perforatis, rufescentibus, vix trabeculatis. ^ Columella capsule
æqualis, linearis, tubulosa.

Not aware of any described genus to which we could refer this
curious plant, we have been reluctantly obliged to propose a new
one. The present moss grew intermixed with Fissidens turbi-
natus, Tayl., and has all the superficial habit of that genus ; even
the teeth of the peristome show a propensity to be divided. The
fruit is truly lateral and even radical. No male flowers have been
observed ; hence we conclude our species to be not monoicous.

SCHIZHYMENIUM, Schwaeg.

1. S. nanum, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso, erecto, subsimplici basi
nudo; foliis erectis, arcte imbricatis, ovatis, acuminatis, subin-
tegerrimis, nervo evanescente ; capsula erecta (demum horizon-
tali) pyriformi, hine gibba; setis cæspitem vix superantibus ;
operculo minuto, convexo ; peristomio subnullo.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Tufts scarcely half an inch high. Perichætial stems very short, at
the base of the barren ones, all of them simple. Specimens of what
we take to be Schizhymenium bryoides, Hook. (as given in Schwaeg.
Supp. t. 328, a.), received from Professor Jameson, have a conical
lid, in other respects they do not appear to differ from Schwaeg-
richen’s plate, except, perhaps, by the longer and more gibbose
capsules. The present species is distinct from both by the more
ovate leaves, which are nearly entire, and by the peristome, which

v2

192 i NEW MUSCI

is nothing more than a short, scariose membrane scarcely longer

than the annulus, and is very irregularly divided. No male flowers

were observed.
CryPHÆA, Mohr.

1. C. Jamesoni, Tayl. Caule decumbente, basi ramoso; surculis
vage pinnatis, apice incrassatis; foliis imbricatis, erectis, late
ovatis, longius acuminatis, margine reflexis, nervo ante acumen
evanescente, acumine denticulato ; capsulis heteromallis, cylin-
‘dricis ; operculis conico-acuminatis, inclinatis ; foliis perichzetia-
libus scariosis longissime acuminato-setaceis, enerviis.

On trees, on Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.
Stems three to four inches long. Shoots pale green, complanate,

simple at the base and at the apex, with a few patent branches

about the middle. Perichetia in a clustered series at one side of
the branch, often six or eight together. Calyptra split on one side.

An annulus is present. Peristome whitish ; the ¿nner of sixteen

setaceous /acinie alternating with the teeth of the outer peristome,

and united at the base by the inner membrane of the capsule.

This comes very near to C. patens, Hornsch., in size and in rami-

fication, the difference consisting principally in the shorter-nerves

of the leaves, in their far more elongated points, but especially of
those of the perichetium, and in the less considerable denticula-
tion of their tops; besides, the perichætia are more closely clus-
tered, while the capsules are more slender. No male flowers were
observed.

Neckera, Hedw.

1. N. gracillima, Tayl. Monoica. Caule adscendente, implexo,
vage subpinnatim ramoso; foliis erecto-patentibus, siccitate
arcte adpressis, late ovatis, longius apiculatis, nervo ante apicem

: evanescente, integerrimis, basi marginibus reflexis; capsula
erecta, inæquali, cylindrica, ore contracto.

On trees, on Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.
Stems scarcely one inch long; shoots very slender, slightly in- _

curved at the tops, green, but often tipped with straw-colour,

perhaps from exposure to cold. Perichætia whitish, shining,
occurring towards the base of the shoots. Outer m of

FROM THE ANDES. 193

sixteen trabeculate pale teeth, each marked at the base with a
longitudinal opaque line, ¿nner of sixteen pale setaceous Jacinia,
united at the base by the inner membrane of the capsule. The
habit is of Pterogonium filiforme, Hedw., but the peristome is dif-
ferent ; besides, the leaves are strongly nerved, and with longer
apiculi.

2. N. obtusifolia, Tayl. Caule prostrato, elongato, pinnato ;
pinnis patentibus, complanatis ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-paten-
tibus, eoncavis, oblongo-acinaciformibus, obtusis, integerrimis,
summo apice incurvo, enerviis, siccitate subplicatis ; perichætiis
subheteromallis ; capsula erecta, ovata, immersa; folis peri-
chætialibus exterioribus minutis, interioribus concavis, acumi-
natis; operculo rostrato, inclinato.

On Pichincha, 1827. Prof. W. Jameson. Dr. Greville’s Herb.
Stems eight to twelve inches long, the younger branches pale

yellowish-green. Leaves distichous; in a third row beneath the

stem, they are fewer and at unequal distances ; the inferior margin
at the base is incurved; their summits have an exceedingly short —

apiculus, beneath which is a considerable cavity. Calyptra dimi-

diate. Inner peristome very slender, and sometimes very short,

connected at the base by a very shallow membrane. This has the
habit of Neckera disticha, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occid., which we have
from the late Mr. Dickson. Swartz’s plant is much smaller, has
leaves more obtuse, and destitute of any apiculus, besides, they
are furnished with a distinct though short nerve, and the capsule
is not concealed within the perichetium. No male flowers were
observed. |
Hooxzn1a, Smith.

l. H. parvifolia, Tayl. Monoica. Caule gracillimo, repente,
laxius pinnato; surculis subcomplanatis, brevibus; foliis mi- -
nutis, laxe imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, siccitate incurvis, cris-
pulis, ovatis, concavis, obtusiusculis, papillosis, integerrimis,
nervo hyalino infra apicem evanescente; perichætio conspicuo ;
capsula ovata, cernua; operculo longirostro ; seta scabra.

On soil ; Puerto del Napo. Dr. Manuel Villavicensio. Commu-
nicated by Prof. W. Jameson. May, 1847.

194 NEW MUSCI

Stems loosely cæspitose, whitish, with dark purplish-brown
radicles. Shoots of a lively green, scarcely exceeding three lines
im length. In a dry state the white nerves are conspicuous on the
ineurved backs of the leaves. Perigonial and perichætial leaves
cellulose but not papillose, whiter than the cauline. Perichetia
curving up from the under side of the stem, the exterior leaves
very minute, the upper and inner lanceolato-subulate, and with a —
percurrent nerve, all closely adpressed and erect; the perichætia
have their own radicles. Seta very slender, about half an inch
long, curved at the top. Calyptra subulate, entire at the base.
Inner peristome with sixteen subulate Jucinia. Allied to its
congener from the Andes, H. radiculosa, Hook., differing (if we
may judge by the figure given in Muse. Exot. t. 51,)by its far
minuter size, the longer hyaline nerves of the leaves, the more
pinnate habit of its stems, the more distant leaves, the longer
operculum, and the scabrous pedicels.

Hypnum, Linn.

1. H. clinocarpum, Tayl. Caule procumbente, implexo, vage
ramoso, ramis brevibus, subcomplanatis ; foliis laxis, patentibus,
concavis, estriatis, late ovatis, acuminatis, dentatis, ultra medium
uninerviis ; setis scabris apice decurvis; capsula ovato-oblonga,
inzequali, inclinata.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Stems one to two inches long; shoots rather compressed. Pe-
dicels about one inch high, roundly curved down at their tops.
Inner peristome divided into sixteen split /acinia, with three very —
short filiform processes interposed between each pair. Calyptra
dimidiate. This may be compared with H. rutabulum, L.; but —
the leaves are more distant, more patent, and destitute of s/rie;
while the capsule is cernuous from the curving down of the pedi-
cel. No male flowers observed.

2. H. Conostomum, Tayl. Caule decumbente ; surculis erectis, ra- —
mosis, erectiusculis, subcomplanatis ; folis arcte imbricatis, —
erectiusculis, concavis, ex cordato-ovata basi longe tenuiterque |
acuminatis, serrulatis, margine reflexis, substriatis, ruptinervibus;
capsula cylindrica, leniter incurva; operculo conico; seta levi.

FROM THE ANDES. 195

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. May, 1847.

Shoots whitish-green, thick, rather flattened, about one inch
long. Leaves thickly set, their points long, their base very con-
eave, striated when dry, and slightly so when wet, serrulate
throughout the margin, their nerve short. Capsule unequal. Pe-
ristome standing up as an obtuse cone; the caver with sixteen
imperforate ciliæ, having pairs of filiform processes interposed.
Pedicel not much overtopping the shoots. Capsule nearly erect,
never cernuous. No male flowers observed. Differs from
H. detum, Brid., by the elongated fine points of the leaves, by
their smaller serratures, by the less pinnate stems, by the thicker
and more shining shoots, by the more concave leaves, whose nerves
are shorter, and by the smaller perichetium.

3. H. disparifolium, Tayl. Caule procumbente, implexo, subpin-
nato; folis imbricatis, secundis enerviis, serratis, caulinis late
cordatis longius apiculatis, rameis lanceolatis acuminatis ; capsula
subcernua, subspherica; operculo longius rostrato ; seta levi.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.

Shoots pale yellowish-green, branches short, the upper falcate.
Stem-leaves with a very broad somewhat decurrent base. Pedi-
cels about one inch long, bent at the top, so that the capsule
appears cernuous. Inner peristome of sixteen Zacinie, rarely with a
very inconsiderable filiform process interposed. Calyptra dimidiate.
This has some resemblance to H. flage//are, Dicks.; but the cap-
sule is nearly round, and the leaves on the branches lanceolate and
acuminate. No male flowers observed.

4. H. conchophyllum, Tayl. Monoicum; caule decumbente,
pinnato; surculis complanatis; foliis laxe imbricatis, paten-
tibus, subdistichis, ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, ruptinervibus,
subdenticulatis; capsula anguste oblonga, cernua; operculo
rostrato ; seta levi.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. May, 1847.

Stems irregularly pinnate. Leaves gradually acuminated, their
nerve scarcely extending above the middle, their margins plane,

except at the very base, where they are somewhat reflexed. Peri-

_ chatia conspicuous, whitish. Calyptra dimidiate. Lid nearly as

196 : NEW MUSCI

long as the capsule. Vaginula whitish, cylindrical. Cilie of the
inner peristome perforate, a pair of filiform processes interposed.
This differs from H. Megapolitanum, Bland., by the narrower leaves
(not at all cordate,) and which are gradually (not suddenly) acu-
minate, also by the smaller size, paler colour, and more patent
foliage. |
5. H. Zatifolium, Tayl. Caule procumbente, vage pinnatim ra-
. moso; ramis brevibus, subincurvis ; foliis laxis, subcomplanatis,
subdistichis, patentibus, late cordatis, serratis, enerviis, margine
basi reflexo ; capsula ovata, cernua; operculo conico; seta levi.
On soil; with Hookeria parvifolia, Tayl. Puerto del Napo. Dr.
Manuel Villavicensio ; communicated by Prof. W. Jameson.
Stems very slender. Shoots pale green. Leaves rather dis-
tichous, patent, almost squarrose, their points elongated. Inner ,
peristome with sixteen minutely perforate Zacinia, having paler and —
shorter but similarly perforate processes interposed, which, how-
ever, sometimes divide at their apices. No male flowers observed.
Perichatia very short. Numerous are the foreign Hypna with a
similar aspect, and with patent, nerveless and subdistichous leaves ;
we have seen none of the minuter species, (among which ours must
range,) with leaves so widely cordate, or with so short a conical lid.
6. Hypnum? Zeucotrichum, Tayl. Caule prostrato, longissimo,
pectinato, apice simplici, elongato; ramis brevibus, patentibus,
complanatis, incrassatis, apice arcte convolutis ; foliis lucidis,
imbricatis, caulinis raris, adpressis, rameis erecto- patentibus,
siccitate plicatis, rotundato-oblongis, elongate apiculatis, pili-
feris, pilo subdenticulato, concavissimis, mediotenus tenuinerviis.
On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847. M
Stems one foot and a half long ; biais half an inch long, |
closely set; but the summits of the stems, for one or two inches,
are simple and have but a few distant leaves. The new shoots on —
the summits of the branches, having the leaves closely comp :
into brownish points, may be mistaken for perichetia. This bears |
some resemblance to a variety of H. palustre, L., found on wet
rocks in rivers in Ireland, but is easily disioi by the more
suddenly acuminated leaves, and by their distinct though es
nerves. No male flowers were observed. Du

FROM THE ANDES. 197

Leskea, Hedw.

1. L. pygmea, Tayl. Monoica. Caule decumbente, subramoso,
debili, complanato ; foliis imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, integerrimis, enerviis; capsula erectiuscula
turbinata, ore amplo; operculo rostrato ; seta levi.

On Octoblepharon albidum, Hedw. Puerto del Napo. Dr.
Manuel Villavicensio; communicated by Prof. W. Jameson.
May, 1847.

Stems rarely one inch long, whitish, slightly green, shining,
crowded towards the top. Perichætia minute, lateral. Outer
peristome of sixteen teeth, each marked with a longitudinal dark
line, inner of sixteen Zaciniæ, which sometimes have between them
a very short process. Capsule slightly inclined, much reticulated,
brown. Plants scarcely observable with the naked eye, in short,
more diminutive than any species we have seen. Male flowers
two or three together at the base of the shoots.

Fasronia, Raddi.

1. F. Jamesoni, Tayl. Monoica. Caule abbreviato, laxe cæspitoso,
ramoso; foliis patentibus, subsecundis, late lanceolatis, acumi-
natis, ciliatis, mediotenus uninerviis, acumine elongato, incolori,
integerrimo ; capsula subinclinata, oblongo-turbinata; peri-
chztio subradicali.

Picked out of a tuft of Neckera gracillima, Tayl. On trees: on
Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846. :
Tufts scarcely half an inch high. Stems very slender. Shoots

of a pale lively green. Leaves, in a dry state of the plant, secund

Yet very patent; their margins at the base with large and wide

cells, elsewhere the cellules are linear. Pedicel three to four lines

long. Capsule with a narrow obconical apophysis. Peristome of

sixteen equidistant lanceolate obtuse teeth, each marked with a

longitudinal opaque line. Confessing that we have never seen the

Swiss F. octoblepharis, Schwaeg., if we may judge by the descrip-

tion and figure, ours may readily be distinguished by the more

upright branches, the less imbricated and subsecund leaves, whose
VOL vu. x

198 NEW MUSCI

ciliation is far longer, and whose nerve is very distinct, as well as

by the longer pedicels and more inclined capsules.

PLAGIOCHILA, Nees et Mont.

1. P. macra, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, surculis adscendentibus,
subsimplicibus, rectiusculis; foliis remotis, semiverticalibus,
curvato-patentibus, anguste obovatis, obtusis, apice denticulatis,
margine utroque recurvo, ventrali integerrimo, vix decurrente ;
calyce terminali, ex angusta basi elongata ovato, truncato, hine
marginato, ore ciliato-dentato, hinc fisso.

On Mosses: on Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Dec., 1846.
Shoots pale olive, an inch or more long. Leaves distant by .

their own length, convex. Cellules rather large. Pedicel ex-

serted by the length of the calyx. Capsule oblong. Calyx
subcompressed, scarcely alate, but with an opaque suture on the
upper side. The leaves are far narrower than in P. divaricata,

Lind. as well as more distant, and their denticulation is more

minute ; the calyx, too, has a narrower base, and is marginate on

one side with a spurious ała.

2. P. fragilis, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso, erecto, subramoso, apice in-
curvo; foliis madore fragilibus, arcte imbricatis, secundis,
erectis, obcordatis, dentatis, margine dorsali recurvo decurrente,
ventrali basin usque dentato.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847.

Patches pale olive. Stems about one inch long, very slender.
Leaves crowded, obcordate or ovate, with a shallow division on the
top, with segments slightly recurved ; the dentation irregular ; the
older leaves mostly erdse or broken; those at the summit crowded
into a flattish incurved capitulus; the dorsal margin recurved
and tumid, the venfral toothed to the very base, and even below
it on a decurrent process. This approaches near to P. Ji-

faria, Sw. (Lind. Sp. Hep. t. xxxvi.), it is, however, a smaller
plant, has the leaves far more wide at their tops, where they are

divided by a shallow sinus; besides, the ventral margin is toothed: 23

to the very base.

FROM THE ANDES. 199

THYSANANTHUS, Lindgb.

1. T. Mexicanus, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, subflexuoso,
ramoso; foliis imbricatis, patentibus, oblongis, acutiusculis,
apice incurvis, integerrimis, lobulo obliquo, ovato, in laminam
subdentatam folio applicatam desinente; stipulis tenuibus,
rotundatis, integerrimis ; calyce axillari, oblongo, trigono, levi.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847.

Stems brown, loosely entangled. Leaves with large cellules,
decurrent from the top of the lobule; the perichætial minute,
erect. Pedicel as long as the calyx. Capsule spherical, at length
dehiscing into four erect valves. Calyx flat and grooved above,
and having an obtuse carina beneath, destitute of any margination,
the base very narrow. Allied to our T. anguiformis from New
Zealand; the stems and branches are longer, the leaves not so
crowded, the calyx is destitute of angles, nor is if crowned with a
tube as in that species; the stipules, too, are more round.

LEJEUNIA, Libert.

l. L. epibrya, Tayl. Caule implexo, procumbente, vage ramoso,
subfasciculato ; foliis imbricatis, patenti-recurvis, oblongis, acu-
tiusculis, integerrimis, lobulo oblique ovato quam folio suo
duplo breviori; stipulis rotundato-ovatis, bifidis, sinu obtuso ;
calyce axillari, obovato, levi, basi nudo, ore mucronato.

On Mosses: on Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847.
Patches minute, yellowish-green. Stems four to five lines long.

Leaves loosely imbricated ; the perichætial distant from the base
of the calyx, erect, obovate, their lobule minute, the stipules with |
acuminate segments. Pedicels divided by opaque projecting
septa. Calyx destitute of angles or wings. This has a strong
resemblance to L. serpyllifolia, Lib. ; yet the cellules of the leaves
are much larger, the leaves are longer and more recurved, the sti-
pules larger, the calyx smooth, and naked at its base.

»

200 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Screntrric Mission TO THIBET.

Again, as announced in a note at p. 103 of the present volume,
we have had the satisfaction of receiving further information
respecting the Thibet Scientific Mission, in a letter from
Dr. Thomson, dated |

* Camp, Nübra Valley, Oct. 26th, 1847.

* My letters (if they have reached you regularly), confused and
hurried though they be, will, I trust, to a certain extent,
have made you acquainted with my route and the general appear-
ance of the country and vegetation. I wish much that the southern
parts of Chinese Tartary had formed the destination of our expe-
dition, and I am sanguine enough to hope that I may yet have an
opportunity of visiting them. My last letter was dated 27th Sept.,
at which time we were at Giah (13,000 feet), five marches from
Leh. We descended the Giah stream to the Indus, which we
reached in two days. Our road lay along a narrow rocky ravine,
opening out, in one or two places, into a small plain, with a village
and cultivated fields. "The crops (wheat, barley, and Sinapis for
oil) were all cut, and, indeed, the vegetation much too far advanced
to enable me to get a very good idea of it. The Rose (R. Webbiana?)
appeared soon after leaving Giah, and I obtained two Labiate
and a Cichoracea still in flower, which I had not previously seen.
The best mark of decreasing elevation was the appearance of trees.

At Giah there were two or three Poplars and Willows, while on - a

the banks of the Indus they existed in considerable numbers.
From the place where we came to the Indus to Leh, the valley of
the river is of considerable breadth, consisting of sloping plains of
alluvial conglomerate, dry, stony and barren, where there is no
water, but well cultivated, and with many trees where water is |
obtainable either naturally or by artificial means. Good engineering
would, no doubt, much increase their numbers, and bring a very

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 201

great part of the valley into cultivation. I am sorry to say that
the advanced state of the season rendered my means of becoming
acquainted with the vegetation very limited. There is no natural
wood larger than Hippophae. Two Poplars, P. dilatata, Y be-
lieve, and a cordate-leaved one, and a Willow, like Russelliana,
but broader leaved and exceedingly variable, are cultivated. An
Echinops abounds on the dry stony plains, with a very handsome
blue Nepeta, and remnants of Potentille, Melilot, Lucerne, &c., &c.,
lined the banks of the water-courses. Hippuris is common in
marshy places. I have notes of the species observed every second
or third day, and oftener when the elevation changed, which will
enable me, by comparing them together, to define, as accurately as
the season permits, the changes which have taken place during
my journey.

“ At Leh we remained a week to rest, after two months almost
continual marching, and to make arrangements for the future.
Our instructions were to proceed down the Indus, to regions where
the season in winter would be sufficiently mild to enable us to
move about ; and we determined to take different routes,—Captain
Cunningham proceeding to the south of the Indus, while I crossed
over the range of hills to the north, and descended to the Shayük
or northern branch of the Indus, about one half of which has
never been explored. I left Leh on the 11th, and reached the
Shayük on the 14th. The intermediate mountains were covered
with fresh snow, of which we had a slight sprinkling one day
at Leh (a little above 11,000 feet). The Shayük branch is stated
by Vigne to be 1000 feet more elevated than the southern, which
runs near Leh ; that is, about the elevation of Leh itself, which must
be very nearly 1000 feet above the river. Judging from the vege-
tation, I should think that this is a mistake. I found water to
boil at 103° 2 F., which will give you the elevation roughly. I
have not the means with me of reducing my observations. The
Shayük runs through a wide gravelly channel, bordered on each side
by high snow-tipped exceedingly barren mountains; but in many
Places, where water abounds, the plain is covered with a dense jungle,
Principally of Hippophae, growing to a small tree. I turned up

202 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

the Nübra Valley (from which I now write), with the object of
trying to cross the mountains to the north east, to reach the source
of the Shayük in a lake, called by Vigne, the ‘ Ndbra Chu;’ but I
found the distance so much greater than I had anticipated, and
the state of the weather so very cloudy, and snow threatening,
that after visiting the hot springs at Pänânikle, described by
Moorcroft, I gave up the attempt, and determined to proceed at
once down the Shayük to Eskardo. The Nübra Valley is exactly
like the part of the Shayük I have seen, a broad, flat, gravelly
plain, even more densely jungled than the former wherever there
is water, and equally barren where there is none. In both I have
met with several new plants. A Zycium with fleshy leaves and ripe
fruit, is very abundant; and there is a very remarkable Willow (?)
the leaves of which, usually linear and toothed in the upper
branches, become broadly oval. I am not at all sure of the genus
of this tree, having seen only one withered small female catkin,
which broke when touched. The villages are numerous, and trees
are abundant round them, much larger and finer than in the Leh
valley. Poplars and Willows abundant, and in addition, Apricots
(of which there are very few at Leh), Z/eagnus Mooreroftiana, I
presume, Apple, Wallnut, and a species of Ulmus (?) for so I guess
it to be in the absence of flowers and fruit. I have collected the
seeds of a number of plants, in addition to those I forwarded to
you from Haulé; among others a Sophora(?) with spinous stipules
strikes me as something out of the common way. Excluding
the flowers, of which I know nothing, its characters are those d
S. velutina, Lindley, as given in Walpers, T. 806; but the spinous 3
stipules would of course have been noted had it been that species —
T hope the seeds will grow, and that it will prove ornamental. _
«The general character of the vegetation I have passed through
is undoubtedly Altaic, but with strong peculiarities. Caraganë —
seems limited to the alpine region, stopping at about 13,000 feet, —
that is, not occurring below that. The Astragali prefer a lower
region, but I miss, hereabouts, many of those I found in Kunawa! —
There is no Statice, I presume they frequent less alpine region :
and I expect to meet with them as I go down the river, as they

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 203

abound in Affghanistan, and I ought to find a somewhat similar
Flora as I go westward, till I come down to a sub-tropical elevation.
Herbaceous plants are now almost entirely withered up, except near
streamlets, where I still recognise Veronica Beccabunga, Glaux(?)
Gentians, Eleocharis, Taraxacum, &c., &e. Several species of
Artemisia are common, but dried up, and the same Rose as grows
in Kunawur, I have found all along below 13,000 feet. - A little
Potentilla is the only plant which entirely sets at nought all re-
striction with respect to elevation ; abundant here, it is equally so
at 16—17,000 feet.

“ With regard to Cryptogamia, my knowledge of whose tribes
is more limited, I fear I shall hardly give you satisfaction, for
though I have been at a good deal of pains to collect, yet an inex-
perienced eye is apt to pass over much that is valuable. There is
one alpine Fern, which grows in crevices of walls and rocks at
11-16,000 feet. Mosses I find in plenty, but without fructification,
in most places: I begin to think that they produce their capsules
in early spring, when copiously moistened by the melting snow ;
even aquatic species are quite without fruit. There are no tree
Lichens, but plenty on stones, though not much variety. I have
one or two Chara, five or six confervoid species, and what is
curious, to me at least, a fucoid Alga, growing in what is, as far
as taste goes, fresh water, and in which it floats without any appa-
rent attachment.

“ With regard to the future, I think I could not sketch out any
better route, at this season, than that proposed for me, down the
Indus as far as Silgit, and if I find it practicable, as far as Pesh- -
awur, to complete the connexion of the present alpine or subalpine
Flora with that.of the Indian plain. I shall not add much en
route to my Herbarium, but shall, at all events, be able to note
the gradual appearance of new trees and shrubs as I descend to
lower elevations. As Pinus Gerardiana occurs in Affghanistan, I
May, perhaps, meet with it on the Indus. I have already gathered
a single specimen of an Acanthophyllum, Y think, a Cabool group,
and may therefore expect Statice, &c., as I advance. Cashmere,
now on my left, is a great temptation; but I should find snow on

204 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

the mountains, and no plants in the plains at this season; and I
shall surely be able, while in the neighbourhood, to pay it a
visit some time next summer, when there will be better bo-
tanizing. My object, at present, is to get down to 3-4,000
feet, where I shall find a cold weather vegetation. With regard
to next year I am quite in the dark. If any further steps are
taken with regard to our original Chinese commission, I hope
to be ordered back to proceed to the southward ; if not, I should
like to spend the summer in the range to the north of the Indus,
crossing it back and forwards in two or three places, and pene-
trating as far into Chinese Tartary as practicable. The northern
face of these mountains is understood to be without villages for
a very considerable distance from the crest of the ridge, which
would enable a traveller, with little baggage, and carrying provi-
sions for himself and party, to penetrate to a considerable distance.
This, however, would only be possible to the eastward, the wild
Mahommedan tribes to the westward being by no means trust-
worthy, indeed, absolutely the reverse; and I have no wish to
hazard another captivity, or worse. I shall, I hope, hear more of
Dr. Hooker’s motions bye-and-bye. I look upon the talked of em-
bassy to Lassa as highly problematical ; and unless positive instruc-
tions are forwarded from Pekin by the Emperor, no European
will be allowed to pass the boundary. Cashmere, therefore, I am
inclined to regard as the most likely rendezvous, should he visit
India; but his plans, however, being still quite unsettled, it i5 —
vain to speculate at present. date

“ Pray accept my best thanks for your kind offer and hints re- —

garding books; there are so many which I should like to have, -
that it is difficult for me to name. Ledebour's Flora Altaica would
be invaluable, for though I have the Flora Rossica, it is incom-
plete. I think, also, I cannot do without Jacquemont, as most of the.
species figured in his work are from Kunawur and Cashmere: of
that, however, you are a much better judge than I can be,

whether I ought to get Wallich’s Pl. Asiat. Rar., Jacquemont,

&e., or be confined to less costly books. My expenses are 20W — :

almost entirely limited to carriage ; so that I trust soon to have it — |

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 205

in my power to provide myself with a very complete botanical
library. I am, however, at present, I believe, better without it,
for the wear and tear of travelling, with occasional falls and
wettings, are terribly destructive to books. I should like, very
much indeed, to possess a selection of the most useful works on the
Flora of Russia, Siberia, and Altai; because I hope, after my tra-
velling is over, to be permitted to spend six months at some of
the hill-stations, arranging my collections. I shall return to
England as soon as I am entitled to my furlough, which will be in
April, 1850, two and a half years hence, bringing, I trust, a fine
collection of the plants of Northern India. Being now alone, I
have surveying (a very laborious task to an inexperienced hand)
added to all my other work, and it is only by halting a day one I
can write letters.
“Tuomas THOMSON.”

Notes and Observations on the Botany, Weather, &c., of the United
States of America, made during a tour in that country, in 1846
and 1847. By Ww. Anxorp Bnourrzrp, M.D., F.L.S., &c.

(Continued from p. 161.)

On our way to the North Valley Hill, I saw, for the first time,
growing abundantly on the Mica slate range, those two curious
and diminutive oaks, the Bear or Black Scrub Oak (Quercus
Banisteri), and the Dwarf Chestnut Oak (Q. Chinquapin), as if
Nature, in a moment of frolic or caprice, had resolved to set at
nought allthose conventional ideas of stateliness and utility we
attach to the forest monarch, by the creation of oaks with trunks
in the first of these species seldom exceeding the thickness of the
Wrist, and in the second hardly stouter than the little finger, and
of a height proportionate to these very contracted dimensions.

in this, as in other instances where Nature is attentively con-
sidered, she vindicates the wisdom of her ways against the igno-
rant and self-sufficient caviller. ‘These two dwarf oaks commonly
grow together, and often cover, exclusively, entire tracts of the

VOL, VII. i Y

206 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

poorest and most unprofitable soil, and if yielding neither timber
nor fuel, nor subserving the purpose of ornament, make amends by
the profusion of acorns they bear, by which the branches are often
weighed down; and thus, whilst their nobler forest congeners dole
out an often scanty and partly inaccessible repast to the expectant
tribes roaming in quest of food at their feet, these diminutive oaks
spread a banquet at once ample and accessible to all.

The Bear Oak, so called from the fondness of those animals for
its mast, here forms bushes from five or six feet in poor and dry, to
eight or ten in moister and more fertile soil, and in woods; and
were it not for the singular configuration of its leaves, which are
peculiarly its own, might be supposed a young state of some other
species. The branches are uncommonly tough, and the acorns as
plentiful as in the Dwarf Chestnut Oak, which, in the adult state,
is seldom above two feet in height. This last, with its weak
slender, straggling stem, (for it cannot be termed a trunk, being
often no thicker than the branches it gives off,) and its dispropor-
tionately large leaves has the air of a sapling of some of the
other oaks of the Prinos section, to which it belongs; but its
constantly low stature, diffuse habit, and superabundant fruit,
stamp it as an unquestionably permanent and distinct species.

In crossing the North Valley, on our return home this evening;
the air felt quite chilly. Mr. Townsend tells me that in this part of —
the United States they are liable to frost in every month of the twelve, —
and he remembers, some years ago, a fall of snow at West Chester —
(Lat. 40°) on the 11th of May, which, by its suddenly melting as

the sun acquired elevation, did much mischief to the fruit trees. —

The night, though cold, was most lovely and moonlight, and en- —
livened by the vociferous clamouring of the Katydids, that had just
commenced their annual rehearsal of “the half suppressed—half
sland’rous tale,” in the lofty trees along the road. B

During our stay at West Chester, I accompaned Dr. Darlington a
in an early morning stroll to the Serpentine Ridge, a short dis- —

* A similar phenomenon, of which I was a witness, occurred in this island (Isle of
* Wight) on the 14th of May, 1839, when the ground in various parts of it Was
covered for some hours with snow, a few inches deep, till after mid-day. Pu

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 207

tance from the town. My notes of this, to me, most instructive
and agreeable ramble, are unfortunately missing, which prevents
me from giving more than a very imperfect list, from memory, of
the species observed, some of which are mainly or entirely con-
fined to the rock in question. This is the case with the pretty
and curious portulacaceous plant Talinum teretifolium, which grows
on the bare Serpentine in the manner of a Sedum, of which it has
quite the habit, with the almost indestructible vitality of our own
S. Telephium, or of Bryophyllum calycinum of India. For dry
rock-work, this would, perhaps, prove as eligible as ornamental, '
smce no drought would injure it, however long continued.
Another plant, nearly confined here to this formation, is the hand-
some grass Atheropogon apludioides, the anthers of which are of a
lovely vermilion or cinnabar colour. Scirpus (Fimbrystilis ?)
Baldwinianum grew abundantly in plashes between the sterile
and'denuded banks of Serpentine, which is, perhaps, the polar
limit of this rather southern than northern species. The other
plants, pointed out by my kind guide, were Polygala ambigua and
verticillata, Lobelia Claytoniana, syphilitica, and inflata, (L. car-
dinalis, Y had seen abundantly elsewhere in this vicinity). Con-
volvulus panduratus, Cyperus diandrus, Asclepias verticillata, with
many more I cannot now call to remembrance. Abutilon Avi-
cene is frequent by way sides about the borough, where Dr. Dar- —
lington pointed out to me a variety of Arctium Lappa with pin- 4
natifidly incised leaves. y
In the garden of Mr. Joshua Hoopes, a member of the Society.
of Friends, and a zealous cultivator of indigenous and foreign trees
and shrubs, to whom my warmest thanks are due for his many
good offices during my stay at West Chester, grew noble plants,
at least six feet high, of Tripsacum dactyloides, from a wild station
in the county. This fine grass, of so tropical a character in size,
habit, and structure, is now known to extend as far north as Con-
necticut.
Thad the pleasure whilst here of being introduced to Dr. Rivinus,
a lineal descendant of the great German systematic botanist of the — —
seventeenth century, himself, I believe, a native of Germany, and — -
Y2 E

208 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

now settled as a physician in. West Chester. Dr. R. inherits his
ancestor’s love of plants, and in his well-kept garden I saw an
attempt to acclimatize two of our English evergreens, the Bay and |
the common Laurel, hitherto, I believe, with some success ; but

the plants I saw were quite small and young, and the winter of

Pennsylvania is too severe to allow of these species standing out

unprotected by a covering of straw or mats at that season, which

must ever prevent their attaining to anything like the size they
do in our shrubberies. Protected in like manner, a specimen of

Lagerstromia Indica had stood through more than one winter in

the open ground. This lovely species adorns the gardens of the

southern states, where it is called Crape Myrtle, from the crisped

or curled appearance of the flowers, and there rises commonly

to twelve or fifteen feet, with a smooth naked stem of eight or ten

inches in diameter.

August 14th. Set off at two, r.m., with Mr. Townsend, in a
rockaway to the Forks of the Brandywine, amongst charming
woodland scenery, interspersed with high cultivation, thriving
farms, and rich pastures, which had, even at this season, from the
moisture of the earlier part of the summer, all the verdure of
English meadows. The effects of a destructive hurricane, which
happened only four days previously, and unroofed several houses
in West Chester, were manifested by the many large trees we saw-
lying uptorn in the woods. At Philadelphia, which escaped much -
of its fury, the storm came up from the south-west, between two -

and three, r.m., on the 9th, with so much darkness, as to make it —

necessary to light the gas in the hall and dining-saloon of the
hotel. From the deep gloom, the great heat of the weather, and
the reputation the climate enjoys for violent electric commotions, I
was prepared for something much more sublime and appalling;
but through this very hot summer I have been witness to but few |
thunderstorms, and those not comparable in duration or intensity
to very many seen in our own country. Amongst the plants

gathered in this day's excursion were Urtica Canadensis, Arum + E
—driphyllum, Impatiens pallida and I. fulva, Michella repenss — —

Andropogon avenaceum, Panicum capillare, Leersia Vi eos à

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 209

(in the damp woods, but scarcely in swampy places, like Z. ory-
zades), Bohmeria cylindrica, Lobelia syphilitica, cardinalis, and
inflata, Cuphea viscosissima, Solidago (various species,) Erigeron >
Philadelphicus, Eupatorium ageratoides, Anychia dichotoma, Adi-
antum pedatum, Aspidium acrostichoides, Hamamelis Virginica,
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Tilia glabra, Fagus ferruginea, Car-
pinus Americanus, Ostrya Virginica, Ulmus fulva, and U. Ameri-
cand. In the shallows of the Brandywine, a pretty picturesque
stream, eventful in the annals of American independence,
Mr. Townsend pointed out to me Vallisneria spiralis and Podos-
temon Ceratophyllum, the latter attached to pebbles under water
by small fleshy processes emitted from the stem ; we did not find
flowering specimens at this time, though at the right season, for
their production. Under Beech trees (Fagus ferruginea),
Epiphegus Americana (Beech-drops, or Cancer-oot) was not uncom-
mon here, as well as about Philadelphia. In a damp sloping wood
Mr. Townsend showed me the true Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium),
not very plentiful in this, its only known station, I believe, in the
county. Its bright scarlet fruit was already partly matured, but
the plant was quite past flowering. This celebrated species is
quite rare in the Atlantic States, but abounds in those of the
north-west, from whence great quantities are, or used to be, ex-
ported to China, where it is as much in demand as the drug from
Tartary. The fresh root I found possessed a slight sweetish taste,

with a very inconsiderable degree of aroma.
‘ Philadelphia, August 16th.
An extremely hot day, with a feeling of humidity, causing
general complaints of the oppressive state of the atmosphere.
Therm. at one, P.M., in the cool hall of Jones’s hotel, 85°. At
St. Philip’s and St. Andrew’s churches I found the entire con-
gregation, men and women, cooling themselves with fans re-
sembling hand fire-screens, the clergyman in the desk reading and
fanning himself with great assiduity: the heat might, indeed,
Justify this somewhat irreverent manner of officiating, being ex-
treme, and the congregation pretty numerous. Walked out after _
church with my friend Thomas P. James, Esq., Secretary to the

210 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Horticultural Society of this city (a gentleman to whom my
warmest acknowledgments are due for his repeated acts of kind-
ness during my stay in Philadelphia), to the station for the rare
and curious Nelumbium luteum, which grows abundantly in some
of the ditches that divide the low pasture-fields near the Delaware,
on the south-east side of the town beyond the Navy-yard, and which
greatly resemble the marshy meadows along the Thames at Battersea
or Woolwich. The Nedumbium is here associated with abundance
of gigantic Pontederia cordata, Sagittaria sagittefolia, var. lati-
folia, Sparganium (Americanum ?), Zizania aquatica, Isnardia
palustris, and other water-plants, and was at this time partly in
flower, and partly in unripe but fully-formed fruit. The species
makes a fine appearance with its large, truly peltate leaves eighteen
inches or two feet in diameter, some floating on the water, others
elevated a foot or more above the surface on long petioles. The
flowers, which are also raised above the water on still longer eylin-
drical peduncles, are as large or larger than those of Nymphaea
alba, of a delicate, pale lemon-yellow, and apparently very fuga-
cious. I procured, by means of a negro man, who waded after
them, one half-opened flower, a few buds ready to expand, (which
I could not succeed in making them do afterwards by placing them
in water, through the falling away of the petals,) and as many of
the enlarged obconic, spungy tori or receptacles, like huge poppy
heads, in whose flat truncate disks the seeds or nuts are almost
wholly imbedded. These, which are esculent and ripen here m

September, are collected by the boys and sold in the streets, and —

markets of Philadelphia, under the name of Water Obinquapin 3

from the resemblance in flavour, and somewhat in shape to the ——

fruit of the Chinquapin or Dwarf Chestnut, Castanea pumila, which
first makes its appearance in the parallel of Philadelphia. A tra-

dition is still current of the Nelumbium having been planted by
some botanist of former times in its present situation, but no

credit seems due to the obscure report, when we consider that the 2:
species is now ascertained to inhabit various parts of the United —

States as far north as Lake Ontario, and though the station (marsh | :
ditches) is so far an artificial habitat, we know that such recep- -

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 211

tacles soon become filled with a vegetation perfectly spontaneous,
whilst its origin is a problem not yet satisfactorily solved by phy-
siologists. It is farther reported, I know not with what truth,
that all attempts to naturalize the Ve/wmbium in other localities
about Philadelphia, as well as to cultivate it in ponds for ornament,
have hitherto proved abortive.

August 18th. Visited the Navy-yard, which, like every other
public institution in America, the Mint not excepted, is open to
the inspection of the community, without fee or formality ; nor does
any inconvenience or interruption to business arise from this un-
restricted admission, as is alleged would result from the adoption
of the same liberal system in England. There was not much
going on in the building-slips, and in this, as in all the dock-
yards I visited in America, I was surprised at the little use made
of machinery as a substitute for manual labour, in a country where
wages are high, though hands are plentiful, and under a govern-
ment professing to be the cheapest in the world. No people un-
derstand the economy of machinery better than the Americans, or
carry out the principle of dispensing with or abridging human
labour so fully in practice as they do; steam is, with them, the
aight arm of enterprize, and is everywhere seen lending its aid to
productive industry on the most limited, as well as on the most ex-
tended, scale of operation. I found Chenopodium glaucum growing
in the dockyard, on moist spots near the water, and on a large
piece of waste ground at the end of Fourth Street ; this is, I be-
lieve, a rare species in America, and probably of comparatively
recent introduction, as the botanists of that country, and even of
Philadelphia, seem very little or not at all acquainted with it.
Four other species of the same genus, C. album, ambrosioides, an-
thelminticum, and botryoides are found in waste places in and
around the city, besides a fifth, allied to our C. urbicum, but cer-
tainly distinct from that and C. rubrum, for which last, I believe,
1t passes here, and to which I am desirous of drawing the atten-
tion of American botanists, as being probably a nondescript. The
plant has much resemblance to C. anthelminticum in its inflo-
rescence, but is quite destitute of the strong smell of that species,

212 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

and it resembles C. urbicum in the slender, erect, somewhat
branched, nearly naked racemes, that bear a few small leaves
amongst the lower clusters only. It is more branched and spread-
ing than either of the two, or, indeed, than in any of the upright
forms of the European C. rubrum that have come under my notice,
which it was pronounced to be (I am sure erroneously) by some
botanists of the town to whom I showed it at a meeting of the
Horticultural Society of Philadelphia. The only specimens I col-
lected for examination, picked at the entrance to the wharves
and woodyards of Kensington, where it occurs frequently, are in
the hands of my valued friend, John Carey, Esq. of New York,
in whose instructive society I spent many most agreeable hours
when in that city, and which I shall ever regret untoward circum-
stances should have debarred me from again enjoying on my return
thither. I requested this gentleman, whose zeal and labours in the
cause of botany are well known, both in his native and adopted
country, to examine the species, which I have not seen in frui,
the plant having quite disappeared when I sought it again for that
purpose in the November following.

At eight, p.m., I accompanied Mr. James to the monthly even-
ing (promenade) meeting of the Pennsylvania Horticultural So-
ciety, held in a room of noble dimensions, in a building known
as the Chinese Saloon, at the corner of Ninth and George Streets.
The meeting, which was highly interesting, was numerously at-
tended, and the show of flowers, plants, fruit, and vegetables, very
respectable and tastefully displayed, whilst from this, as not bemg

one of the Society’s great exhibitions, it might be safely inferred ——

that on the latter occasions, a rich treat would be afforded to those
interested in horticultural science. |
August 18th. Set off at seven, A.M., with Mr. James, on ®

botanizing excursion to Quaker Bridge, a spot in the Pine Barren® : x

of New Jersey, remarkable for the number of scarce or |

plants there congregated. We crossed the Delaware to Camden ——

a populous village on the Jersey shore opposite the city, whee à
had engaged a kind of four-wheeled vehicle, called here a waggon, |
but in its extreme lightness of construction and general arrange

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 213

ment, much resembling the “ Rockaway” before described, being,
like that, adapted for ploughing a passage through deep sand and
mud, or surmounting an occasional stump or fallen tree with as
much safety and expedition, as these very usual impediments in a
traveller’s way in this country will allow of its doing. Chenopo-
dium murale grew near our starting point at Camden, an appa-
rently uncommon plant in America, and perhaps introduced. I re-
marked it, however, in some plenty under walls at the Castle gar-
dens in New York, and very commonly about Norfolk, Virginia,
corresponding exactly with specimens from the Isle of Wight.
Taking the road through Long-a-Coming, we struck across an
intricate tract of forest ground, intersected with swamps, and
about three, p.m., reached Batsto, a small village in the heart of
the Pine Barrens. ;
(To be continued.)

—— -—__—

On CONFERVA ÆGAGROPILA, Linn. By the Rev. T. SALwaY.

The Royal Gardens of Kew are indebted for some fine living
specimens of the curious aquatic, Conferva ægagropila, (Globe-
Conferva, or Moss-Balls,) found in some northern fresh-water
lakes, to Mrs. Stackhouse of Acton Scott, Shrewsbury. This
lady has been very successful, if I may so say, in cultivating it.
She has had them for nine or ten years: they have grown and
increased, as it would appear, from detached portions of the old
balls which become loose and fall to pieces. They are found
m a lake near Ellesmere, in Shropshire, and have flourished
ma pond of nearly stagnant water at Acton Scott, where the
Water is rather hard than soft. At Ellesmere they roll about the
gravelly bed of the lake, and are blown on shore in storms.

Wishing to obtain still further information respecting the growth
and mode of increase of Conferva ægagropila, that lady most
obligingly sent me the following letter, addressed to her by the
Rev. T. Salway :—

“The lake in which I found them, Culmere Mere, is so far
VOL. VII. Z

214 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

from me, that it was quite a day’s journey to go there and back;
so that I never reached it but once. It is also difficult of access,
for it is private property ; and the boat on the lake is always kept
locked up, and you cannot have the use of it without applying to
the owner, who lives some miles from the lake; and without a boat
you cannot get the Conferva, on account of the edges of the lake
being inclosed with the Arundo Phragmites, and other tall growing
water plants. Upon enquiry of the man who kept the boat, 1
found that the Conferva was principally found at the east end of
the lake, where a very tiny rill of water runs, or rather oozes into
the lake, and which, I believe, is quite dried up in hot weather.
It is a mere land-spring, and there is no outlet from the lake. I
mention this circumstance to show that the sphericity of the
plant cannot arise from the action of running water. I detected the
plant in water varying from a few inches to about two feet in
depth. I was informed that they are seldom found in deep
water. Ido not remember seeing any very young specimens :
what I observed were from about the size of a wallnut to that of
the largest orange; some grew much larger than this. Allthe
perfect specimens, whether young or old, were reposing quietly at
the bottom of the water ; the old specimens, which were hollow m
the centre, were the only ones that were floating. These were
very tender and broke to pieces, except with very careful handling ;
as soon as they rise to the surface, being driven about on the
surface of the lake, they probably soon fall to pieces. My own
impression is that the young ones arise from such parts of the old
ones as still retain vitality, shooting out afresh as soon as they
become detached from the old plants, and the filaments sending
out new ones at each articulation. Some grow into a spherical
form, and becoming solid, sink to the bottom, where they en-
large by annual accretions, until the centre, by degrees, begms —
to decay, and the plant becomes hollow. It then rises to the
surface, is broken by the wind and waves, and the process

recommences. Such is the impression I derived from the obser- - Ar

vations I was able make when at thelake. I have often wis eh
Į was nearer the habitat of the plant, that I might watch 1t

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 215

closely from time to time, which alone would enable any one to
arrive at an accurate result. There are several analogous cases
amongst the Fungi and Lichens, where plants increase annually
by fresh zones. In the Lichens the centre of such plants gra-
dually decays, and leaves only a wider circle of the two or three
last zones. In these, of course, the vitality of the plant can only
exert itself in one plane (the surface of the stone, or tile on which
it grows), and therefore never can become spherical. In some of
the Fungi, again, as in the dimidiate T#e/ephore and Polypori, we
see instances of plants increasing by annual layers, and in the
latter, especially, acquiring an approximation to a spherical form.
The nearest analogy to the Conferva is, perhaps, the Spheria con-
centrica. Now all these plants, from the necessity of the case,
can only be semi-spherical, the surface on which they grow pre-
venting a complete sphericity; but the Conferva, not being
attached to anything, and finding an equal degree of nutriment
from the water on every side, acquires, I apprehend, very soon,
the peculiar form in which we find it. I am sorry I have nothing
more to communicate to you than the impression derived from a
single visit to the locality (though I was there for an hour or two
making all the observations I could), and which I have no doubt
a closer scrutiny, repeated at different seasons, would have
enabled me to render more correct. It was with a view of being
able oftener to observe the plant that I sent some specimens to
the pool at the lodge ; but my poor brother’s death has placed that .
locality even more out of my reach than Culmere Mere, nor do I
know whether the plants still exist there. :
«T, GALWAY:

THIBETIAN BARLEY.

The Agro-Horticultural Society of Bombay have been so
obliging as to send overland to the Royal Gardens of Kew, a -
package of a kind of Barley with naked seed (that is, of which the
grain separates from the husk, in thrashing, as does that of wheat), — —

22 p

216 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

under the name of “ Zhibet Barley, Hordeum celeste: a sort
much esteemed in the north of India. Hordeum celeste is, how-
ever, a name given to a var. of the common £wo-ranked Barley
(H. vulgare), with naked seed, differing in no respect from it,
except in that peculiar property of the seed. Since no ears have
come with this Barley, one cannot speak with certainty respecting
it; but from its locality, I have reason to believe it to be a Barley,
having a most remarkable structure in the awns, (so remarkable as
to form the subject of a future botanical notice in the present
Journal, from the pen of the Rev. Professor Henslow), Hordeum
Himalayense. Our valued friend, Dr. Wallich, first directed
public attention to this in his edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica ;
where, on the authority of Captain W. S. Webb, surveyor at
Kamoun, he speaks of it as the “ Oo-a” of the natives, not known
in the lowlands of India, and producing the hardiest of all grains,
as well as the most nourishing, as the lusty Tartars live almost
exclusively upon this and Tea (drick-tea). “The grain, cleaned
from the husk,” Mr. Webb remarks, “ resembles no kind of Barley
that I am acquainted with, and from its many good qualities and
endurance of cold, it is likely to be a valuable acquisition to the
Highlands of Scotland.” Seeds of this curious Barley have been
sent formerly to Europe, and we possess specimens in our Herba-
rium, raised in Scotland some twelve or thirteen years ago; but I
am not aware that any attempt was made to cultivate it upon à
large scale, or to ascertain its value for malting, or otherwise, in
an agricultural point of view. The majority of this package from
Bombay having been sent to the Royal Agricultural Society of -
London for distribution, we are quite sure the enlightened
members of that valuable institution will put their grain to the
test of experiment.—Eb.

Brief Notices of Plants from Sir Gzonce Srupson’s Journey
round the World.

* On the banks of the Grand Quête river, near Fort Colville, — :

(Oregon Territory,) many large trees were observed lying felled, — =

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 217

the cutting down of which must, from their enormous size, have
been attended with prodigious labour. We were at a loss to ac-
count for this expenditure of toil, as the trunks had not obstructed
the track ; but we afterwards learned, from the Indians, that their
object was to strip from the branches a Moss, having the appear-
ance of horse-hair (probably the Lichen, Alectoria jubata), which
they use as food. By boiling it for three days and nights, this
moss is reduced to a white and tasteless pulp ; and in that state it
is eaten with the Kammas, a root somewhat like an Onion. To the
unsavoury mess is sometimes added an insipid, or rather nauseous
cake, made of Hips and Haws. Such is the principal, if not the
only, sustenance of these (the Pende Oreille) Indians at the present
season (July).

“The Kammas (Camassia esculenta, Lindl.) deserves a more
particular notice, though, unlike an Onion, it has little or no
flavour. It grows in swampy ground, and when its blue flower
has produced seed, the root is dug up by the women with a stick
about two feet long and a handle across the top, and is thrown
into the basket slung at their backs. As the plant is abundant,
each poor creature generally collects about a peck a day. The
Kammas is placed over a gentle fire, in the open air, and it fer-
ments, after about two days and nights, into a black substance,
having somewhat the flavour of Liquorice. After being pounded
in a trough, this stuff is formed into cakes, which, when thoroughly
baked, are stowed away in baskets for winter-stock. After all this
preparation, the Kammas is but a poor and nauseous article of diet.
These people, (the Pende Oreille and Kootonais Indians,) may soon,
however, have something much better. In one of their lodges
we were surprised to observe several baskets of Potatoes, and they
showed us two patches of ground where these had been produced.
The seed and implements had been supplied from Fort Colville.

“On the banks of the Walla-walla river, the dreary plains of sand
which stretch for miles, presenting in autumn no vegetation but
Wormwood and Prickly Pear, nor inhabitants but the Rattle-snake
and Prairie-bird, are said to be clothed in spring with fine ver-
dure, which the improvident Snake-Indians, as if expressly to

218 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

aggravate the withering effect of summer, are used annually to set
on fire, in order to dry the seeds of the Helianthus, which is part
of their provender against winter.

“The Bishop and Priests of the Mission of Santa Barbara pre-
sented us with a curious pile, shaped like a bee-hive, and made of
' the seeds of a Pine, all baked and ready for eating: it was
meant as a specimen of the food and the ingenuity of the native
Californians."—(Can the seeds be those of the ‘Nut Pine,’ of
Frémont’s Report of an Exploring Expedition through North
California, &e., the Pinus monophylla, Torr. and Frém., frequently
eaten in the mountains, as those of the Stone Pine are in Italy,
and the Chili Pine in South America P—Ep.)

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Journal of the INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO and EASTERN ASIA.
Singapore, 1847.

We hail with extreme pleasure the appearance of a scientific
and literary Journal on the glorious countries above-mentioned,
and we trust it will meet with that encouragement it so richly
deserves, if we may judge from the nature of the articles in the
six numbers (including a supplementary one to No. 5.) now
before us. The first part commences with a Preface, exhibiting
the want of a publication of the sort: then follow a Prospectus
and plan of the Journal. The first Memoir is one that will be
read with deep interest for its graphic delineations of scenery, and
the mass of information brought within the compass of twenty
pages: “On the present condition of the Indian Archipelago.
This, we presume, is by the Editor, whose name, we regret, 18 not
given; for the name of such a writer could not fail to impart confi-

dence in the character of the Journal. Some extracts, bearing : "
upon the Natural History and features of the Malay Archipelago — |

shall appear in an early number of our present volume.

NOTICES OF BOOKS. , 219

chief object now is to direct attention to the memoirs bearing on
Botany :—such we trust will increase with the advance of the
publication ;—and here we have, in the first number, a most im-
portant paper * oz the Gutta Percha plant," which now excites so
much interest in Europe. Itis written by Thomas Oxley, Esq., A.B.,
senior surgeon of the settlement of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore, and Malacca, and contains a full history of the plant,
and of the properties of the gum. The botanical description is
very faithful; but the author, without being able to consult books
or any Herbarium, has not ventured to give a generic and specific
name, which has been done in the fifth volume of our Journal,
from specimens sent by Mr. Oxley himself. We shall make
ample use of this paper in a further notice of the uses and pro-
perties of the plant, which we are preparing.

No. 2. contains “ Some contributions to the Natural History of
the Raflesia Patma,” by M. Zollinger: a “ Note on Gutta
Percha," by Dr. D' Almeida, who claims to be the first to make
it known in Europe: “ 4 case of poisoning by Mushrooms,” ap-
parently an Agaric, species unknown, but in common use in
Singapore. We trust well-dried specimens will be sent to Europe
for determination.

In No. 4., under the article entitled ** Temmincks General Re-
view of the Dutch Possessions in the Indian Archipelago,” are
some valuable notices relating to Rice, Coffee, Sugar, Indigo,
Cinnamon, Cochineal, Cloves, Pepper, Tobacco, Tea, Cotton,
Forests, &c.; and lastly, in No. 5, under an account of “ The
Orang Binua of Johore,” at the southern extremity of the Malay —
peninsula, we have a good deal of curious information on the
vegetable products, especially respecting the Durian groves and
Durian feasts, and on the “ Taban (to which the name of Gutta
Percha, a gum yielded by a different tree, is erroneously applied by -
Europeans). "* We presume that the Gutta Percha of Singapore

* Such are the words of the author of this paper, to whieh the editor adds in a note:
“Tt is time that an endeavour should be made to avoid these mistakes, for we might,
with as much truth and propriety, call an apple a pear.”—We only wish that travel-
lers, who are able to detect these errors, would help us to correct them ; which they

220 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

is here meant; and, if so, the consumers in Europe will be glad
to know, that, spite of the destruction of trees, occasioned by the
reckless mode of collecting the juice, the “ Binua” (people of the
country,) who for some time past have been withdrawn, by the
demand for it, from their usual pursuits, smiled at our authors
ignorance in suggesting the probability of its being exterminated.
“It is only trees arrived at their full growth (sixty to eighty
feet high), or at least at a very considerable age, that repay the
"labour of felling them and extracting the gia; while those of all
inferior sizes, which they are compelled to leave, will keep up the

2

race.

Descriptions et Figures des PLANTES NOUVELLES ET RARES DU
Jarni Boranique de /" Université de Leyde, par W.H. De
VRIESE.

The indefatigable and talented De Vriese proposes to publish a
volume in five livraisons folio, under the above title, beautifully
coloured, at the price of seven florins each livraison. The first of
them is announced as having appeared, with the five followmg
plates. 1, Ficus fulva, Beinw.; Zamia muricata, Willd.; 3, Fn-
cephalartus Altensteinii, Lehm. ; 4, Ditto, mas. ; 5, Planche con-
tenant les analyses. '

might easily do, only by sending us well-dried specimens, as, indeed, Mr. Oxley has
done of the so-called Gutta Percha of Singapore ; and we can now say with confidence
that the Gutta Percha of Singapore, whether the provincial name be correct or not, —
is the Isonandra Gutta figured and described in the sixth volume of the London —
Journal of Botany, p. 331 & 463, t. 17. But we are completely adrift respecting the
Taban. Is it the Gutta (or Gittah) Percha of Singapore, described by Mr. Oxley?

for it is more than probable that several analogous substances have been called Gutta his
Percha, that of Borneo, for example, which is considerably different from that of aoe
Singapore, at least in appearance. In our first notice of Gutta Percha, mention 13

made of Jintawan as being used mixed with the Gutta Percha, to give it flexibility.

This Jintawan, we are informed by Mr. Brockedon, is a kind of Caoutchouc, and i8 |
probably, like the other Caoutchouc of commerce, yielded by different plants. We “à
sure the Journal of the Indian Archipelago will do its best to solve our difficulties. — —

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLE FICUUM. 221

Prodromus Monographie Ficuum; scripsit F. A. G. MIQUEL,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis. :
(Continued from page 116.) :

(Ficus; Caprificus ; Tenorea Gasp. l. c.; Erythrogyne, Vis. in
Gasp. op. cit.; Plagiostigma, Zuccar.)

V. Ficus, Linn, excl. spec.

Flores in receptaculis axillaribus geminis vel solitariis pedun- -
culatis vel sessilibus pyriformibus vel globosis aut globoso-stipi-
tatis basi bracteis 3 (verticillatis vel totidem pluribusve sparsis)
instructis monoici, polygamo-monoici, vel dioici, bracteolati sessiles
vel pedicellati. Perigonium (vulgo hyalinum raro fuscescens)
4—6-phyllum, phyllis raro paucioribus. Masc. stamina 1-6, peri-
gonii laciniis opposita, filamentis plerumque brevibus, antheris

bilocularibus ovatis vel raro reniformibus, loculis connectivo dila- ——

tato haud prominulo adnatis. Fem. Ovarium gynophoro brevi vel —
nullo, uni- (rarissime bi-) loculare, s/7/o laterali, stigmate inzequa-
liter bicruri vel oblique unieruri centro excavato vel perforato aut
capitellato. Achenia globosavel angulosa, pericarpio sicco tenuissimo,
raro pulposo, seminis testa crustacea, embryone in centro albuminis
carnosi aut tenuioris incurvo homotropo, radicula elongata.
Arbores vel frutices erecti vel repentes, in Europa australi,

Africa, majore numero in Asia calidiore et insulis maris Indici, e& — —

magni oceani meridionalis crescentes, foliis alternis, rarissime
oppositis, integris vel lobatis, serratis, dentatis, vel et integerrimis,

pubescentibus vulgo scabris vel asperis, quandoque glabris sed —

tune vulgo punctis siliciferis provectiore state inspersis vel riges-
centibus, costato-venosis, receptaculis forma variis, quandoque
in eadem stirpe di- vel tri- morphis, plerumque pubescentibus,
scabriusculis vel asperiusculis, quandoque hispidis, basi plus minus
constrictis, subinde in longum stipitem attenuatis, bracteis parvis

3 verticillatis vel aliquibus in stipite aut in ipso receptaculo sparsis, —— x

ore prominente vel deplanato bracteis pluribus erectis vel incum-
bentibus plerumque pilosis instructo. Bracteole parve hyaline ——
in plurimis ciliate. Perigonii pedicellus et phylla hyalina, sepe — —

VOL. VII. 2 A

Sez PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

obliqua, haud raro ciliata, in paucioribus fuscescentia, glabra.
Stigmatis forma pro varia ætate sæpe mirum in modum diversa.
Observatio. Genus, quale nunc propono, amplis limitibus cir-
cumscriptum, species numerosas habitu sæpe dissimiles includit,
quod autem si in singula genera divellere velles, in complura
genera characteribus, me judice, nimis artificialibus distinguenda,
esset dividendum. ^ Habitu, foliorum forma et pubescentia,
Covellie analogum, receptaculorum autem forma et floribus dis-

§ 1. Caricoides. Vicus Gasparr. Ricerche, p. 76. tab. V. et VL)
Receptacula plerumque feminea, raro androgyna, semper sterilia,
alia serotina æstiva feminea seminifera. Perigonia mase. ple-
rumque pentaphylla, stamina 1-5, filamentis dilatatis margine
membranaceo confuso, anthere loculis connectivo dilatato antice
adnatis. Perig. fem. plerumque conforme. Pistillum in recepta-
culis serotinis ovario uniloculari, stylo laterali, stigmate bicruri, in
precocibus sive grossis ovario sepissime biloculari, stylo centrali.
Ficus Carica femina Linn. et auct. plures species cultas et syl-
vestres longamque varietatum copiam includit, ab hortulanis diu
distinctas, a ci. Gasparrini nuper botanice definitas, characteribus
l. c. propositis.

1. Ficus leucocarpa Gasp. p. 11.—1n muris vetustis et rupium
fissuris prope Neapolin. Culta non mutatur (Fico trojano). Hujus
varr; D, grossis subrotundis (Fico albo Galles. Pomol. ital);

` e, unifera (F. pissoluto Gall.) :

2. Ficus Dottata Gasp. 1. c. (F. dottato Hortor.) Prope Neapolim.

3. Ficus Colombre Gasp. l. c. (F. colombro) Sylvestris
nondum reperta. :

4. Ficus polymorpha Gasp. l. e. Abunde prope Neapolin.
(F. chiajese incol.) l

a, Juliana (F. præcox, Gasp. in Gass. flor. Sic. Syn. vol. me
p. 880. Fico lugliatico vel lugliavolo) ; 2, bifera (Fico Sampiero) ;
e, Sarnensis (Fico Sarnese) ; d, depressa (Fico brogiotto) ; e, melano | *
carpa (Fico barbanera) — et alia Fico petroneiano; f; elegans
. (F. vezzozo Galles) ; g, hematocarpa (F. melo grano). m

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 223

5. Picus pachycarpa Gasp. l. c. p. 78. (F. macrocarpa ejusd.
in Gass. l. c.) Fico lardaro Gasp. Ric. tab. V.; a, fasciata
(F. limone vel Zigarello); 4, nobilis (F. regina Galles.) ; c. lusi-
tanica. (F. portoghese Galles.)

6. Ficus deliciosa Gasp. l. c. (F. paradiso); 4, castanea
(F. datto Galles.) ; c, latifolia (F. monæco ejusd.); d, maxima
(F. cervone apud Neapolin ; F. asinino in Apulia).

T. Ficus hypoleuca Gasp. p. 19. (FE. verdeccio Galles.)

His Gasparrinii speciebus forsan aliæ in aliis regionibus recog- -
noscendæ addendee.

§ 2. Caprificus (Caprificus Gasp. nov. gen. p. 6. et Ric. p. 79.
tab. I-III.) Ficus Carica androgyna, Linn.

Receptacula pedunculata, precocia et estiva (grossi et forniti)
androgyna, serotina (cratiri) plerumque feminea. Perigonium masc.
plerumque pentaphyllum, stamina 3-5, filamentis cylindraceis,
antheris subreniformibus introrsis bilocularibus. Perigonium fem.
plerumque 3-phyllum, ovario plerumque sessili uniloculari, s4ig- -
mate bifido vel abortu simplici. Albumen tenue. Reliqua uti in § 1.

* Est Caprificus veterum sive F. Carica androgyna Linn. et
aliorum, quæ a Ficu vera mihi differre videtur [quoad genus scil.],
quod amphanthi tria genera profert, eaque semper insectifera,
preter æstiva (forniti) quæ simul insectifera et seminifera ; ovarium —
semper uniloculare, nonnunquam gynophoro suffultum; perigonium —
fl. fem. 3-phyllum, presertim ob formam filamenti, connectivi et
antherz." Gasp. ;

8. Ficus albescens. (Caprificus leucocarpa, Gasp. l.c. p. 80.
Tab.IT-III.) Ramis annotinis lævibus glabriusculis, foliis palmato-
5-lobis, receptaculis levibus turbinatis, grossis fornitisque maturi-
tate albescentibus, cratiris subviolaceis. —

a. pachycarpa, grossis maximis subsessilibus maturitate tener-
rimis, pulpa subdulci tenera fere eduli. Hrinosyce ? Ponted.

b. viridis, receptaculis minoribus, grossis subrotundis peduncu-
latis, cortice e viridi albo, foliorum lobis obtusis.

9. Ficus neapolitana. (Caprif. insectifera b. neapolit. Gasp.
Nov. gen. Cap. oblongata, Gasp. L. c. p. 20.) Ramis annotinis

2A2

224 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLE FICUUM.

scabriusculis, foliis palmato-3-lobis, grossis levibus oblongis, matu-
ritate e viridi subviolaceis. Vulgo Profico chiajese.

10. Ficus rugosa. (Caprificus rug. Gasp. l. c.) Ramis anno-
tinis villosis, foliis palmato-5-lobis crassiusculis , grossis turbinatis
maximis rugosis, maturitate subviolaceis, cratiris depressis vel
rotundatis. Vulgo Profíco viceinto.

11. Ficus chlorocarpa. | (Caprif. gigantea, Gasp. l. c. Tab. L)
Foliis palmato-3-5-lobis, crassis lævibus, grossis turbinatis subses-
silibus levibus, maturitate e viridi violaceis, cratiris oblongis viri-
dibus.

** Hæc caprificus (quie una cum C. rugosa pre ceteris insectifera
est) primo intuitu a reliquis dignoscitur tum cratiris viridibus,
tum, preter characteres allatos, trunco elato ramosissimo. Ejus
rami tandem glabri; anthere in grossis majuscule, subrecurvæ,
filamento crasso ac brevi longiores ; perigonii lacinize ex basi ovata
in apicem subulatum attenuate, aut lineari-oblongæ, concave,
filamento æquales vel longiores, sed nunquam antheras exce-
dentes." Gasp.

12. Ficus globosa. (Capr. Spherocarpa, Gasp. l. e.) — Grossis
rotundis levibus, cortice obscure virenti, pulpa subviolacea, foliis
palmato-5-lobis.

13. Ficus pedunculata. (Capr. ped. Gasp. J. c.) Grossis
longe pedunculatis, turbinatis, rugosis, foliis profunde palmato-b-
lobis partitisque, lobis angustis.

Omnes he § 2. sp. a Gasp. circa Neapolin sponte proveni-
entes observate sunt.

14. Ficus ludens, Mig. in Flor. Nigrit.

Has. S. Antonio, Cape de Verds,m. Jun, 1841. (Th. Vogel!)

15. Ficus caricoides Roxb. Flor. Ind. l.c. p. 529. Wight Icon.
Plant. Vol. II. Tab. 634. . Subarborea, foliis ovatis acutis basi
leviter cordatis crenatis integris vel trilobis tomentosis trinerviis,
receptaculis axillaribus solitariis vel geminis pedunculatis trigono-

turbinatis subvillosulis, basi bracteis 3 involucratis.
— Has. Lucknow, a D. Martin in H. Caleutt. introducta. Neckeri :
(Hb. Hook.!) Conf. porro Roxb. 1. c. et iconem. Certe species -
distincta. Perigonium fem. 5—6-phyllum ; stigma bicrure. :

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 295

16. Ficus? Hunteri. (Ficus palmata Roxb. l. c. p. 529, haud —
Forsk.) Foliis palmatis subtus tomentosis lobis cuspidatis' serru-
lato-dentatis.

Has. Pulo Pinang (Dr. H. Hunter). Reliqua ignorantur.

« 17. Ficus simplicissima, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. Vol. II. p. 667.

Has. in Sylvis Cochinchinæ.

§ 3. Ficus genuine. Folia plus minus cordata serrata lobata
vel integra. Receptacula gemina vel solitaria pedunculata basi
constricta 3-bracteata.

a. Folia lobata.

18. Ficus geraniifolia, n. sp. Ramis glabris Iævibus nascen-
tibus tenere puberulis, foliis breviter petiolatis circumscriptione
subcordatis 5-lobis et dentato-serratis, lobo superiore tri- vel sub-
quinquelobo, lateralibus plerumque bilobis, infimis integris, supra
punctato-asperrimis, subtus reticulatis præter nervos majores Iævi-
gatos scabro-hirtellis, stipulis parvis ovatis subacuminatis subgla-
bris convolutis, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis ? pedunculatis,
pedunculo petiolum multoties superante obovato-subglobosis pedun-
culoque subpuberulis basi tribracteatis.

Has. In Persia Australi. (Aucher Eloy ! n. 1318, in Hb. Hook.)

Species distinctissima. Folia 21-4 cent. longa. Sfipule 4 mm.,
pedunculi sursum incrassati 1-11, receptacula 1 cent. longa, hinc
pallida, hinc fuscescentia, tenuiter striata.

19. Ficus palmata Forsk. Arab. p. 179. Fahl. Symb. I. p. 84.
Tab, 24. Enum. II. p.201. Ramis lævibus, foliis modice peti-
olatis ovatis obtusiusculis, basi subcordatis vel truncatis, integris vel
trilobis, grossiuscule serratis, junioribus utrinque pubescentibus, -
adultis punctato-asperis, subtus piloso-scabriusculis trinerviis et
venoso-costulatis, stipulis ovatis acuminatis subglabris, receptaculis
axillaribus brevissime pedunculatis solitariis obovatis vel pyrifor-
mibus basi in stipitem attenuatis bi-tri-bracteatis, glabriusculis.

. Has. Arabia (Forsk.), in valle-Sina? (Auch. Eloy! n. 2788),
m regno Mascate Djebel Okador (id. n. 1327 !).
20. Ficus Pseudo-Carica, n. sp. Ramis teretibus glabris levi-

L3

226 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

gatis, nascentibus petiolis pedunculis tenere puberulis, foliis cireum-

scriptione obovato-acuminatis, basi lata concava, trilobis vel lobis

lateralibus aut uno eorum profunde sinuatis, subquinquelobis, lobo

medio acuminato, lateralibus acutis, omnibus presertim extrorsum

conferte serratis, tri-vel subquinquenerviis et venoso-costulatis, ,
supra nascentibus pilosulis adultis scabris, subtus presertim in

nervis scabro-hirtellis, stipulis lanceolatis puberulis, receptaculis

axillaribus geminis pedunculatis globosis scabriuscule puberulis,

basi breviter stipitata bracteis tribus subconnatis.

Has. ad rivos prope Adoam, 1 Jun, 1837 ; nomen Abyss. Bellas
(Schimp. I. n. 157 !)

Petioli 13-91, folia 9-11 cent. longa, basi 4, supra medium
8 cent. longa. Pedunculi 5-10 mm., receptacula 1 cent. in diam.

21. Ficus toxicaria (Linn. Mant. p. 308. Vahl. Enum. IT.
p.202. F. padana, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 226. F. towica, Thunb.
diss. n. 27 ubi fusior descriptio.

Has. in Sumatre agro padano.

An F. caricoidi affinis ?

22. Ficus repens (Willd. sp. IV. p. 1149. Roxb. Fi. Ind. III.
p. 535). Wight Icon. 636 (eximia). F. repens et F. rufescens,
Hamilt. MSS., et F. repens a et B in Linn. Soc. Transact. Vol. XP.
p. 144.

Has. In pascuis locisque humidis prope Caleuttam (Roxb.),
Assam (Wall.! Hb. Hook.)

Species distinctissima, ab auctoribus tamen cum F. heterophylla,
aliisque confusa. i Ee
Obs. In. Collect Wallich., F. repens et F. heterophylla sub eodem.
numero obveniunt, quo faetum est, ut synonyma, præeunte
Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ad F. heteroph. relata, ab auctoribus, v. €- *
Steudelio ad F. repentem perperam sunt relegata. In Hd. Hook:

Spee. fol. 3—5-lobis, incisis alioquin haud diversa. E

23. Ficus assamica, n. sp. Repens, caulibus lævigatis, petiolis
tenuibus elongatis patentim pilosis glabrescentibus, foliis circum-
scriptione ovato-triangularibus acutiusculis basi plerumque sed
cordatis, inæqualiter dentatis semitrilobis trilobisque, simu Uno.
vulgo profundiore, supra scabriusculis, subtus molliter pubes- —

centibus, stipulis parvis linearibus, receptaculis axillaribus soli- -

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 227

tariis pedunculatis clavato-pyriformibus in stipitem longum tenuem
pedunculo longiorem attenuatis, ore attenuatis, basi tribracteatis
cum pedunculo puberulis.
Has. In planitiebus Assamia (Hb. Hook.! sub F. heterophylla).
. An a precedente satis diversa? Pefioli 4-6, folia 8-10 cent.
longa, pauca integra et quinqueloba, reliqua tri- vel semitriloba.
Pedunculi 14-2, receptacula cum stipite 2-24 cent. longa.
. 24. Ficus serrata, Forsk. Arab. p. 119. Vahl Symb. bot. I.
p.83. Enum. II. p. 202. Foliis oblongis indivisis palmatisque
repando-dentatis scabris, fructibus pedunculatis globosis villosis
scaberrimis.
Has. Arabia (Forsk.). A me non visa.
25. Ficus cannabina Loureir. Fl. Cochinch. II. p. 668. Foliis
caulinis hastatis incisis rameis ovato lanceolatis, caule suberecto.
Haz. Cochinchina (Lour.). Cum F. heterophyllo a quibusdam
conjuncta, distinguenda tamen videtur.
26. Ficus morifolia Vahl. Enum. II. p. 203. Foliis tripartitis
scaberrimis, laciniis lanceolatis subpinnatifido-angulatis.
Has. In India orientali (Vahl. 1. c.). Conf. fusiorem auctoris
descriptionem. De recept. tacet. An forma F., heterophylla?
27. Picus acutiloba, n. sp. Ramulis puberulis adultis glabris
levibus fuscescentibus, folis modice petiolatis ovato-oblongis
3-5-lobis, basi obtusa trinerviis, lobis ellipticis vel lanceolatis
acutis denticulatis, lateralibus erecto-patulis, medio longiore quan-
doque subsinuato vel grosse dentato, utrinque presertim subtus
Scabro-hirtellis asperulisque, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis pe-
dunculatis pyriformi-globosis basi tribracteatis. (Tab. V. A.)
Has. Bombay, Assam, (Hb. Hook.!) Petioli 3, folia 8 cent.
longa. F. repenti et F. heterophyllæ affinis. Conf. Tab. VII. A. ;
b, Folia integra.
Tab. V. A., Ficus acutiloba, Miq. n. m.—a et 4, fl fem. ; c, stigma;
d, e, pistilla: a. m. | ;
28. Ficus Pseudo-Sycomorus Decaisne in Flor. Sinaic. Ramis
fuscescentibus levibus glabris, foliis modice petiolatis ovato-cor-
is acutis vel obtusis grosse et obtusiuseule dentato-serratis
irinerviis et costulatis subcoriaceis supra punctato-asperrimis
versus margines et præsertim subtus scabro-puberulis reticula-

228 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLÆ FICUUM.

tisque, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis brevissime pedunculatis
basi involucro tripartito sustentis obovatis puberulis glabratis et
scabriusculis.

Has. ad montem Sinai loco Nakeb Hane, 29. Apr. (Schimper!
Unio. It. n. 162.) ; desertum Sinai (Bové n. 204 !).

Teste cl. Bové 12-15 pedalis, arabice Hamad, sequenti me
judice forsan nimis affinis, notis propositis tamen provisorie dis-
tinguenda, presertim receptaculis brevissime pedunculatis.

29. Ficus virgata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p. 530. Wight Icon. IT.
Tab. 649. Foliis modice vel longiuscule petiolatis lato-ovatis
acutis vel acutiusculis basi lata integra vel utrinque unidentata
truncatis vel leviter concavatis, serratis membranaceis vel subco-
rlaceis, supra scabris, subtus incano-tomentoso-pubescentibus
ætate sensim glabratis, trinerviis et costulatis, receptaculis axilla-
ribus plerumque solitariis rarius geminis longiuscule pedunculatis
pyriformibus basi involucro tripartito? cum pedunculo incano
pubescentibus.

Has. Rohileund (Roxb.), Maradabad et in reg. bor. Ind. or.
(Hb. Hook.!), Hort. bot. Calcutt. (Wall. List. n. 4492!)
Afghanistan (Griffith !).

Specimina ex reg. borealibus Indie. Statura magis compacta,
foliis brevius petiolatis et minoribus, receptaculis brevius peduncu-
latis et magis globosis ad F. Pseudo-sycomorum accedunt.

30. Ficus urticefolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p. 553. a me non
visa, ab auctore nimis breviter descripta; inquirenda, an forma
præcedentis.

* A native of the mountains north of Bengal." (Roxb.)

31. Ficus rotundifolia, Roxb. 1. c. p. 554, cum precedenti
crescens, simili ratione dubia adhuc.

§ 4. Sycidium. Folia oblonga integra vel raro lobata, serrata
vel integerrima, scabra vel glabra, receptacula axillaria pedun-
culata gemina et solitaria.

a. Scabre, receptacula demum subglobosa, bracteis ad basin ver-
ticellatis vel sparsis; folia serrata vel serrulata aut repanda, raro

integerrima plerisque integra.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 229

~ 32. Ficus humilis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. p.535. Wight. Icon. IT.
Tab. 635. (F. ampullacea, Wight, MSS. Ficus repens, Hort.
Miss. teste Wight.) Ramis glabris levibus, ramulis petiolis
foliisque nascentibus subtus puberulis, his dissitis longiuscule
petiolatis ovato-oblongis vel ellipticis æquilateris subabrupte obtu-
siuscule breviter acuminatis, basi lata æquali rotundatis vel sub-
cordatis, presertim versus apicem serrato-repandis, trinerviis et
utrinque 5-6-costulatis supra sub-lævibus, subtus pallidis sca-
briusculis, receptaculis axillaribus plerumque geminis obovato-
ampullaceis in stipitem hie illie bracteatum constrictis, scabrius-
culis, junioribus ore hiante.

Has. Sumatra (Roxb.); culta in Hort. Miss.

Ramuli fuscescentes. Petioli scabri vel scabriusculi 14-4,
Jolia 11-18 cent. longa, 6-9 lata, subtus serius subscrobiculata
et juxta imam basin glandulosa. Receptacula nune + cent. æquantia
pedunculo subbreviora; pedunculi bractez sparse vel rarius in
medio subverticillatæ.

33. Ficus scabrella, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. p.532. Wight Icon. IT.
Tab. 661. Differt præsertim foliis brevius petiolatis magis serrato-
dentatis basi acutiusculis, receptaculis solitariis obovatis basi brac-

Has. Chittagong (Roxb.) Affinis videtur F. heterophyllæ.

94. Ficus biglandulosa. (F. exasperata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIl.
p. 555. Wight Icon. II. Tab. 664 ; haud Vahl.)

Has. India regiones orient. (Roxb.) Affinis videtur F. asperrime.

35. Ficus hispidissima, Wight, MSS. (Ficus Ampelos, Burm.
F. politoria, Zour. ab am. Heyne in Hb. W. Arnott.) Ramis
asperulis, ramulis fuscescentibus scabro-puberulis et asperis, foliis
alternis et suboppositis modice petiolatis ellipticis vel ovato-ellip-
ticis breviter vel longiuscule acuminatis preter basin subinteger-
rimam junioribus serrato-dentatis adultis crenato-repandis, tri-
herviis et utrinque circiter 4-costatis, subtus subscabro-pubes-
centibus vel molliter tomentellis pallidis, supra scaberrimo-pube-
Tulis, receptaculis plerumque solitariis axillaribus globosis pedun-
Culatis pubescentibus, ore bracteis linearibus suberectis sub- .
biserialibus circumdato, pedunculo sparse bracteolato.

VOL. VII. 2 B

230 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHUE FICUUM.

Has. Ind. or., Shewgherry-hills (Wight in Hb. Arn. !)

F. asperrime proxima; foliorum. forma, receptaculique pedun-
culo sparse bracteolato distinguenda. Petioli 1-1} cent. longi
hispido-pubescentes ; folia 7-11 cent. longa, 14-53 lata, senes-
centia sensim magis integerrima.

36. Ficus politoria, Lam. Encycl. IT. p. 500. Vahi. Enum. II.
p. 191.

Has. In Ind. or. (?), Madagascaria (auct. cit.)

37. Ficus asperrima, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p.554. Wight. Icon.
Tab. 633. Teregam Rheed. TIT. Tab. 60. Ficus racemosa, Linn.
quoad syn. Ramis denique levigatis, foliis alternis et oppositis
oblongis acuminatis, basi obtusis, sursum remote denticulatis,
rigidis, supra petioloque verrucis pilisque brevibus scabro-asper-
rimis, subtus fusco-vel glauco-tomentoso pubescentibus dein sca-
bridis, trinerviis et utrinque 3—4-costatis, receptaeulis axillaribus
pedunculatis globosis scabro-incano-pubescentibus, bracteis 3 ad
receptaculi basin inque pedunculo sparsis.

Has. In vallibus Ma/ajarie et Circars (Roxb. l. c.), ad Bom- —
. bay (Herb. Hook.! a Lambert comm.)

A Ficu politoria diversa, sed ex descriptione similis. Rami
- adulti levigati subverrucosi, juniores pilis brevibus rigidis scabri,
quibus deciduis basi cava verrucæformi relicta asperis. Petioli
1-2 cent. longi antice canaliculati cauli appressi, scaberrimi.
Folia crassa rigida, in sicco fragilia, supra saturate viridia pilis
sub lente albis brevibus subconicis scabra iisque deciduis asperrima,
subtus tomentoso-pubescentia et subscrobiculato-reticulata, nervo .
costisque prominentibus, nervo utrinque e basi ad + alt. pertin-
gente, costis oppositis vel alternis patule adscendentibus. Pedun-
culi i cent. longi scaberrimi; dractee varie dispositæ, vulgo ad
basin receptaculi una et in pedunculo dus sparse, aliquando in
medio pedunculo dus opposite, vel 3 ad basin receptaculi mem-
branaceæ ovatæ puberule. Receptacula -magnitudine minoris
cerasi, ore subhiante Jracteis pluribus erecto-patulis instructo.
Nostra a sp. Roxb. folis angustioribus diversa. Forma exstant
foll. oblongis acuminatis in Hb. Wight! Ad Marum Thiney.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 231

38. Ficus exasperata Vahl Enum. IT. p. 191, haud Roxb.

Has. Guinea (Isert apud Vahl.), Senegambia (Brunner! in
Hb. Hook.)

99. Picus asperifolia, Mig. in Fl. Nigrit.

Has. Guinea; Niger-Expedit. (Vogel. n. 74 ! m. Aug. 1841.)

40. Ficus heterophylla, Linn. Suppl. p. 442; Roxb. Fl. Ind.
l. c. p. 532 ; Wight Icon. Vol. IT. Tab. 659. haud Lamarck. (Valli
Tegegam Rheede H. Mal. III. p. 62. satis quadrat, et minus
apte a Vahl ad F. rufescentem relata. “F. repens, Roxb. Herb.”
Wallich. n. 4475. D. partim; Roxb. opinante huc etiam F. can-
nabina, Loureir. Fl. Coch. IL. p. 668, F. rufescens, Vahl
Enum. IT. p. 203. (F. heterophylla, Lam. Encycl. IL. p. 499),
F. denticulata, Vahl. 1. e. p. 202, F. truncata, Vahl. p. 201,
F. serrata, Forsk; Vahl. p. 202, F. aquatica, Willd. referendæ ;
attamen species Forsk. receptaculis villosis, et Loureireana ** pedun-
culis longis," distinguende videntur.) Tota aspero-scabra, foliis
alternis breviter petiolatis rigide membranaceis supra læte viridibus
asperulis, subtus (cinerascentibus) scabro-asperis, oblongis acutis,
basi acutis inæqualiter subexcitis, serratis, integris, semitrilobis
trilobis vel sinnato-subpinnatifidis, polymorphis, ramulis, petiolis
pedunculis scabro-pubescentibus, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis
raro geminis, turbinato globosis.

Species locis humidis Jnd. or. contin. vulgaris. ;

Petioli $—3-cent. longi. Folia 1-8 longa, 3-4 lata trinervia
et utrinque 4-costulata. Pedunculi petiolum circiter æquantes ; |
receptacula aspero-scabra, dein levigata, ore bracteis 5 circiter -
vel et pluribus occlusa. / By

4l. Ficus elongata, n. sp. Ramis glabris sublevibus, foliis
alternis modice petiolatis membranaceis utrinque presertim in
nervis petioloque subpuberulis cito glabratis et aspero-scabrius-
culis, subtus albicanti-pallidis, elongato-lanceatis æquilateris acutis,
basi leviter inzquali rotundatis vel emarginatis trinerviis et
utrinque 5-6-costulatis parceque reticulatis, receptaculis axilla-
ribus geminis vel solitariis peduneulatis obovato-globosis subpu-

282

232 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM.

berulis sensim glabratis basi constrictis bracteisque 3 vel involucro
tripartito. .

Has. Ind. or. (Wight!) Precedenti certe proxima. Petioli
1-2, folia 11-14 cent. longa, 34-44 lata.

42 Ficus quercifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Tom. III. p. 584. Wight
leon. Tab. 646. (F. denticulata, Ham. in Soc. Linn. Transact.
vol. xv. p. 145 ?.

Has. Sumatra (Roxb.) Vidi sp. cult. in Hb. Hook. et in
Hort. Amstelæd. satis congruum.

43. Ficus inconstans, n. sp. Ramulis petiolis pedunculis recepta-
culis foliisque subtus sparsissime pilosulis scabris, his supra glabris
et leviusculis membranaceis obovatis vel obovato-oblongis breviter
obtuso-acuminatis rotundato-obtusis, basi obtusis, sursum denticu-
lato-repandis, aliis integris, aliis prope apicem trilobo-sinuatis vel
sinuato-dentatis subtriplinerviis et utrinque 4—5-costulatis subtus
venuloso-reticulatis, receptaculis axillaribus breviter pedunculatis
solitariis vel geminis subglobosis.

Has. In Java (Zolling. n. 496!) Folia 9-14 cent. longa,

5-7 lata.

44. Ficus simiosa, n. sp. — Aspero-scaberrima, foliis alternis vel
suboppositis breviter petiolatis lato-oblongis abrupte acute acumi-
natis, basi lata subtruncatis, plerumque | inzequilateris, serratis,
integris vel varie dentato-sinuatis, supra asperrimo-punctatis,
subtus in nervis, petiolo, peduneulis receptaculis scaberrimis, tri-
nerviis et utrinque 3—4-costulatis, rigide membranaceis, subtus
pallidis punctulatisque, receptaeulis axillaribus solitariis vel
geminis breviter pedunculatis ovato-globosis basi bracteatis.

Has. Ins. Philippinas (Cuming, n. 1921 !)

Folia 8-15 cent. longa, 4-5 lata.

Var. integrifolia, ibid. (Cum. n. 1924 !)

45. Ficus javensis, n. sp. ((?) F. Ampelos, Lam. ex Morit-
zio l. c). Tota punctato-asperrima petiolis, pedunculis foliisque
utrinque presertim subtus in nervis puberulo-scabris, his breviter
petiolatis elliptico-oblongis plerumque inæquilateris, longe abrupte
acute acuminatis, basi integerrima subcuneatis, ceterum gunt

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 233

cule dentato-serratis, integris vel parce sinuato-incisis, supra satu-
rate viridibus, subtus pallidis, receptaculis axillaribus, vel ad
axillas defoliatas geminis vel conglomeratis pedunculatis subglo-
bosis asperiusculis, apice prominulo bracteatis.

Has. In Java (Zolling. n. 926 !)

Folia 8-12 cent. longa, 3—4 lata.

Var. subcrenata (conf. cum F. cuspidata et F. rostrata, Blum.
Bijdrag.) ; foliis subobovato-oblongis modice subabrupte acumi-
natis, crenulato-repandis. An species ?

Has. Java (Zolling. n. 946 !)

46. Ficus acuminatissima, n. sp. Ramulis junioribus petio-
lisque dense hirtello-pubescentibus, ramis adultis lævibus, foliis sub-
sessilibus membranaceis oblique lanceolato-oblongis vel lanceolatis,
basi acutiuscula leviter inæquali-sabemarginatis, longissime et
acutissime acuminatis, utrinque in nervo medio subtusque in
venulis parce pilosulis asperiusculisque, versus apicem remote
. subdenticulato-repandis, tenuiter trinerviis venulisque costalibus
utrinque 6-8, receptaculis axillaribus et lateralibus solitariis et
confertis breviter pedunculatis subglobosis et setuloso-hirtis.

Has. Insul. Philippinas (Cuming, n. 1928 !)

Folia 12-16 cent. longa, 31—5 lata; acumen 3 cent. æquans. -
AT. Ficus Lobbii, n. sp. Ramis levibus, ramulis petiolis
foliisque subtus in nervo medio puberulis, adultis asperiusculis,
foliis alternis breviter petiolatis anguste oblongis, longe angusteque
acuminatis, basi inæquali obtusiusculis, integerrimis vel versus
apicem serrulato-repandis, receptaculis axillaribus aggregatis glo-
bosis basi in stipitem longiusculum constrictis nascentibus pube-
rubis, mox glabris et sublævibus.

Has. In Java (Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli fere 4, folia 10-12 cent. longa, 31-4 lata. Recept.
pisi magn., stipite ima basi parva bractea instructo.

Num hue Cum. n. 1926, petiolis longioribus diversa ?

48. Ficus polycarpa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. IIT. p. 556. Wight Icon.
Tab. 632.—haud Jacq. (F. copiosa, Steud. Nomencl.)

Ex ins. Moluecis in Hort. Caleutt. introducta. Huc pertinet

234 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHEÆ FICUUM. -

Cuming ex ins. Philipp. n. 1934, que omnino congruit, exceptis
receptaculis (adhuc junioribus) globoso-urceolatis piso minoribus.

49. Ficus montana, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 226.

Has. In Ind. orient. (Kleinhof). Ex brevissima phrasi non
determinenda, in Herb. Lessertiano tantum extricanda.

50. Ficus difformis, Lam. Encycl. IT. p. 500.

Has. In Ins. Philippinis. A me non visa, cum F. sinuosa
comparanda.

51. Ficus Wassa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p. 589. Wight Icon.
Tab. 666. Ex ins. Moluccis in H. Caleutt. introducta.

52. Ficus ulmifolia, Lam. l. c. p. 499.

Has. in ins. Philippinis (Lam.), Java (Commers. in Hb. Juss.
teste Vahl Enum. IL. p. 197). Prope F. inconstantem et F. Ja-
vensem pertinere videtur. Num hue eadem que in H. berol.
colitur et a cl. Kunth descripta est in Ind. Sem. 1846. p. 21, qui
F. scabram, H. berol. nee Willd., et F. coronatam, Colla, Hort.
Ripul. Tab. 8, Hort. Paris, 1846, nec Roxb. hue ducit.

53. Ficus asperiuscula, Kth. et Bouché in Ind. Sem. H. berol.
1846, p. 21. (F. grewiæfolia, H. berol. 1846, nec Blume.)
“ Ramulis flexuosis teretibus, petiolis gemmisque terminalibus hir-
tellis, his conico-subulatis; foliis breviter petiolatis, oblongo- -
lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi, dimidiato-rotundatis trinerviis, obso-
lete et remote denticulatis, nervis primariis remotis costaque
subtus prominentibus, rigidulo-membranaceis, subrugulosis, epune-
tatis, supra scabris opacis, subtus subtilissime hirtellis ; stipulis
marcescendo-persistentibus ; receptaculis axillaribus, geminis, lon-
'giuscule pedunculatis, pyriformi-globosis, hirtellis.”

Has. (?) verosim. in Ind. or. :

Folia 6—11-pollicaria, 21-26 lin. lata. Petioli 2-24 lin. long). —
Recept. magn. pisi.

54. Ficus scabra, Forst. Fl. ins. Austr. p.16. Vahl Enum. IL.
p- 183. (ubi charact. fusiores.)

Has. In Ins. Tanna, Namaka (Forst.) ws

55. Ficus grossularioides, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 227, excl. vat-B- —
quæ est F. heterophylla. |

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 235

Has. In India orient. Suratta. Num F. asperrima, Rozb. (?)

56. Ficus sinuata, Thunb. Fie. p. 12. n. 22, cum fusiore
descriptione. India orient.

57. Ficus Fraseri, n. sp. Ramis vetustioribus levibus, cæterum
asperrima, folis oppositis et alternis modice petiolatis rigidis
utrinque verruculis pilisque brevibus aspero-scaberrimis, ellipticis
vel obovato-ellipticis, versus basin paulo attenuatis, plerisque
supra medium trilobo-sinuatis, sinubus obtusis, lobis latis ovatis
acutiusculis, medio fere ovato obtuso-apiculato, aliis fere integris,
omnibus subintegerrimis marginibus leviter revolutis, nervis e basi
3, costulisque paucis subtus reticulatis. . . .. ..

Has. In Nova Hollandia, ad fl. Brisbane. (Fraser n. 154!
in Hb. Hook.)

Folia 6-11 cent. longa, 3-5 lata, aliquando fere 5-lobo-sinuata.

58. Ficus Cumingii, n. sp. ^ Ramulis petiolis pedunculis
junioribus foliisque subtus in nervo medio appresse scabro-
hirtellis, receptaculis foliisque subtus pilis albis brevibus deciduis
scabris dein asperis, foliis oppositis et alternis breviter petiolatis
lanceolatis attenuato-acuminatis, acumine obtusiusculo, serratis,
basi æquali rotundata, in aliis integra, in aliis uni- vel bi-auricu-
lata subpandurata, patule costulatis, costulis ante marginem arcu-
ato-junctis, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis vel geminis breviter
pedunculatis subglobosis asperis, ore prominulo minute pluribrac-
teatis, basi bracteis 3. :

Has. Ins. Philippinas. (Cuming, n. 1925!)

Petioli 2-4 mm., folia 6-12 cent. longa, 1-24 lata. Recepta-
culo piso paulo majora.

99. Ficus subpandureformis, n. sp. Scabriusculo-puberula,
foliis alternis breviter petiolatis supra basin panduræformem longe
lanceolatis subintegerrimis trinerviis et patule costiveniis, nascen-
tibus, ramulis pedunculis et receptaculis junioribus scabro-pube-
rulis et subtiliter punctulatis, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis
pedunculatis obovato-globosis basi bracteatis.

Has. Assam. (Hb. Hook. n. 558 !)

dean 1-1i, folia 12-16 cent. longa, basi æquali rotundata,

236 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM.

Forma asperifolii, pilis rigidis conico-curvatis in ipsis margi-
nibus etiam dispositis. E. C. T. (Timor?) Hb. Hook.

60. Ficus (P) prominens, Wall. List. n. 4531. Foliis oppositis
et alternis,(?) modice petiolatis lato-ellipticis vel oblongis basi
rotundatis crenato-serratis, trinerviis et utrinque 4-costulatis supra
scabris et asperis, subtus reticulatis et dense pubescentibus dein
subscabris, receptaculis.

Has. Montes Prome (Wall). Specimen mancum. An Co-
vellie, sp. ?

Folia 10—15 cent. longa. :

61. Ficus antithetophylla, Steud. in Schimp. Ft. Abyss. Sect. IT.
n. 866. (Ficus caprææfolia Delil. in Ann. d. Sc. Nat.) Ramulis
petiolis peduneulisque hirtellis, foliis alternis versus ramulorum
apices suboppositis breviter petiolatis lanceolato- vel spathulato-
oblongis apice rotundatis vel attenuato-obtusatis integerrimis vel
vix apice subrepandis, utrinque aspero-punctulatis, subtus lutes-
centibus junioribus in nervo medio pilosulis, venulis utrinque
circiter 6, stipulis densius persistentibus lanceolatis scariosis, re-
ceptaculis axillaribus solitariis pedunculatis subglobosis costula-
tisque scabro-punctulatis, basi involucro parvo irregulariter
3-lobo, ore bracteis plurimis membranaceis imbricatis ciliolatis.
(Tab. V. B.)

Has. ad ripas fluminis Tacazze, 28 Maji, 1840 (Schimper Le.)

Frutex, ramis cylindricis levibus glabris foliorum cicatricibus
tuberculatum ; ramuli pube molli brevi pilis longioribus inter-
mixtis. Petioli 4-1, folia 4-5 cent. longa, 14- fere 2 lata. |
Receptacula ceraso paulo minora.

Tas. V. B., Ficus antithetophylla, Steud. Ramulus cum re-
cept. n. m.; a, Flores plures, diversi sexus et varie magnitu-
dinis : a. m.; 4, fl. masc. cum pistillo nano: a. m.; c, fl. masc-;
d, stamen : a. m.; €, f, fl masc. sub anthesi et cum achenio fere
maturo.

(To be continued.)

237

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Extracts from the private letters of Dr. Hooker, written during
a Botanical Mission to INDIA.

[The object of this Mission has been already stated, as fully as
its nature will allow, in the sixth volume of the London Journal
of Botany. It will suffice here to remark, that Dr. Hooker, at the
recommendation of the Chief Commissioner of H.M. Woods and
Forests, &c., has been appointed by H.M. Government to investi-
gate the vegetable productions of certain portions of India, parti-
cularly the mountainous regions of Himalä. He is afterwards to
proceed to Borneo, with a similar object in view. That the public
may be in possession of some particulars relating to Dr. Hooker’s
progress and success, previous to the fuller narrative which will
appear on his return, is the Editor’s object in publishing the-
following extracts from the necessarily hastily written and familiar
letters addressed to his friends at home.

The First Lord of the Admiralty, with the consent of His Excel-
lency Lord Dalhousie, the newly appointed Governor General of
the East Indies, kindly granted a passage to Alexandria, in H.M.
Steam-Frigate “Sidon,” destined to convey his Lordship to that
place, ez route for Calcutta. From Suez, our traveller formed
part of Lord D.’s suite; and it is nota little gratifying to the
writer of this notice to reflect, that, as he was himself indebted to
the late Countess Dalhousie for a rich Herbarium of East Indian
and Himalayan plants, collected by her when accompanying her
noble husband then Commander-in-Chief, on his official tours ; so
will Dr. Hooker owe still greater obligations to the son of that
distinguished lady, for the amplest means of prosecuting his botani-
cal researches in the East.—Ed.]

I. OVERLAND ROUTE TO CALCUTTA.

H.M. Steam Frigate “ Sidon,” off Gibraltar,
Nov. 20th, 1847.
The Rock of Gibraltar is a truly noble object, whether in Nature
VOL. VII. 2c

238 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

or Art, and worthy of a much longer visit than we were able to
make to it. But I must first speak of Lisbon and the “Golden
Tagus,” in both of which objects, however, I was grievously dis-
appointed. The former, like almost every object in Portugal, looks
best from a distance. Its long rows of white-washed houses show
filthy on a near approach; and the magnificent palaces of the old
nobility are sinking, like their owners, to decay. Civil war has
brought poverty in its train. In all the shops splendid jewellery
and fine plate are offered at prices infinitely below their value, for
money is not to be had. The streets are generally steep, and with
hardly any exceptions very narrow: a few consist of houses eight
or ten stories high ; and here and there you come upon public
gardens, enclosed with handsome and lofty railings. The suburbs
are very extensive, and they swarm with wretched beggars and
herds of quarrelsome dogs, alike annoying to the stranger.
I saw no good trees near Lisbon, only Olives, vergreen Oaks,
Orange, Pomegranate, and the great Datura. We made an ex-
cursion to Cintra, fourteen miles distant, and losing our road,
wandered among the low, rounded and bare hills, among which
the Tagus winds its way. Iwas not sorry for the mistake and
delay, for they enabled me to see more of the country. Vegetation
was most scanty ; the plants were all but burnt up, a few Zuplor-
bias, Genistas, and Bupleura, some Astragali, and an unsightly
Centaurea, alone remaining. In a village, to which we wandered
and whence we were directed to the right path four or five miles
distant, the scenery was prettier, for I saw water, green grass,
groves of Olives, Vineyards, and scattered woods of Oak. Here
and there were white convents with gay gardens round them.
The hills showed a few Stone-Pines, bent by the winds, and m.
the bottom of the valley grew Weeping Willows and Arundo
Phragmites (?). The agriculture is most slovenly, and the fields
are enclosed with rough stone walls: the roads are not much
better of their kind, being rugged and dusty, and adorned, at every
mile or so, with the pile of stones and a cross, of which I need
not explain the meaning. The only objects which struck me as
curious and peculiar, are the windmills. Without having seen —

LISBON. CINTRA. 239

. à Spanish or Portuguese windmill (they are alike), it is difficult to
understand Don Quixote’s adventure: they are low and equipped
with very broad sails, which, when set in motion, make the most
extraordinary, hideous, howling noise, like the voice of a wild beast,
which is heard half a mile off—a truly unearthly sound !

Our excursion to Cintra, however, gratified me, because of
the scenery, where woods, castles, and convents, contrast pleasingly
with the saw-edged (serrated) Sierra, its summits wrapped in the
clouds, which rise from the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. The plain
‘was covered with low bushes of Genista and Ulex, all out of flower ;
but many Orchidee had pushed their shining green leaves above
the soil. The coolness and verdure of the hills contrasted
agreeably with the scorching plains, and we enjoyed our ascent
through avenues of Cork-Oak and Ilex, which lined the road.
Many points reminded me of Madera, but not to the advantage of
Portugal. The rocks are by no means so fine, and Cintra lacks
the luxuriant. growth of Fuchsias, Geraniums and China Roses, .
which adorn every cottage in Madera. Chestnuts, too, are few ;
and I noticed no large trees of any kind. The rocks were, how-
ever, grey and green with Lichens and Mosses; while, here and
there, grew Cotyledon Umbilicus, Grammitis Ceterach and Adiantum
—all plants, characteristic of a western European vegetation.

Whilst the rest of the party, mounted on donkeys, visited the
convent of Nossa Senhora das Penas (Our Lady of the Rocks),
I climbed the rocky hills above the village of Cintra. I was re-
warded with a splendid view, which comprehended the buildings
below, the groves of Chestnut, Oak, Cork, Lemon, Orange, and
Pomegranate, and many miles of the grassy undulating plains of
Portugal, where I distinctly saw the lines of Torres Vedras,
Mafra, and other places of scarcely less note in the Peninsular
war, described by Napier. The sea is visible in two directions, as
well as the widened Tagus above Lisbon. I was surprised at
finding so. much mist and cloud, at such a comparatively low
elevation, about 2,000 feet, and at first I thought it must be acci-
dental; but the multitude of Lichens which coated the granite
rocks, as thickly, though not with such fine species, as in the

2c2

240 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

Antarctic Islands, afforded convincing proof of the prevalent
humidity of the atmosphere, which is due to the vicinity of the
Atlantic and the isolation of the heights which intercept the moist
vapours. The Cork-Oaks were also hoary with Ramalina and
Evernia, and some Mosses, mixed with amazing quantities of Poly-
podium vulgare; these trees reminded me of the Apple-trees in
Normandy, wanting, however, the Misseltoe.

This Portugal is an almost desolate and comparatively uninha-
bited land, not so much from the faults of the Government as the
character of the people. Often have I wondered how it came to
pass, that a nation once so famous, and from whom sprang the
precursors of discovery in both worlds, should have fallen so
suddenly and so low. But it was Goxp alone that roused their
energies: the Portuguese are naturally dirty, indolent, and im-
moral. It is hard to say what will become of them. The land
is rich and productive, the climate delicious, and the people
do not possess that warlike and romantic temperament which
continually causes their neighbours, the Spaniards, to be m hot
water. I have seen the Portuguese in Madera, the Cape de Verds,
Brazil, and now at home, and they are alike everywhere, and I never
wish to come in their way again.

To return to the rocky hill I was climbing, it was very barren,
except of Lichens, and dwarf bushes of Quercus, Ilex Suber and coc-
cifer, some shrubby Labiate, a few Linarie, and such-like herbs.
The autumn sun had scorched everything ; but little shoots might
be seen sprouting forth, indicating an early spring. Part of the
hill is terraced for the use of the inmates of the Palace, and planted
with multitudes of Geraniums, but little else. The top is a pile
of huge granite blocks, capped with a small turreted castle, built
apparently for ornament. After we had partaken of a fine dinner,
provided by Lord Dalhousie, we returned to Lisbon, galloping
all the way; for the little Spanish horses refused to make any halt,
except at an hotel situated close to the place where the aqueduct
from Cintra to Lisbon crosses the road. It must be allowed that
the Portuguese excel in aqueducts; both this and the one I had
seen at Rio are very noble structures. At the part where we

LISBON TO GIBRALTAR. 241

arrived, fourteen tall arches, each about one hundred feet high,
spanned a broad valley, and their projection against the blue star-
lit sky had a fine effect. An echo here produced fourteen distinct
reverberations ; not from the fourteen arches, I expect, but from
the air striking upon different parts of the one beneath which we
passed.

I regretted not returning to Lisbon by the way we had left it,
for I wanted to look again at the church of Belem, where
Columbus dreamed that an angel directed him to the discovery of
the New World; and where Vasco de Gama and his successors
offered up, some their prayers, and others thanksgivings (to Saint
Nicholas, by the way,) on the occasion of their voyages to, or
return from, the East Indies.

The part of Lisbon to which we returned looked magnificent
by night. Grand squares with piles of white buildings, six and
eight stories high, glanced bright in the moon-beams, and so did
the broad streets of palace-like houses, faced with gardens and
gilded palisades. The heat of the day was over; the evil smells of
the city were somewhat dissipated ; the dogs had gone to kennel ;
and a few drunken sailors were the only disturbers of the peace.
We were rather late for the Opera, which is vaunted, by those who
know no better, as one of the largest and best in Hurope. The
house is certainly enormous; but the orchestra is very poor, the
Opera (Lucrezia Borgia) was ill performed, both as to acting,
singing, and stage effect; and worst of all, the boxes, pit, and
gallery were filthy alike, and the whole place so noisome, that
I found it impossible to sit out the piece, and I slipped away
quickly and returned to the “Sidon.” The following morning we
sailed for Gibraltar, whence I now write.

Altogether, Lisbon and its environs disappointed me; though
there were parts of the city on which I gazed with deep interest.
The historical associations are numerous, and of a kind peculiarly
striking tome. There is the port, whence sailed the discoverers
of the greater part of India and of the passage thither, by the
Cape of Good Hope. The very church and convent, where public
Prayers were offered by Vasco de Gama and his.brave associates,

242 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

are not only still standing, but are proudly pointed out by the
inhabitants. Many curious remains of Moorish architecture exist
in different parts of the city: heavy buildings of white lime-
stone or marble, with long, high doors, and arches that expand
above the middle and then taper upwards to a point. The lower
stories of these edifices are generally handsome, their floors and
walls of marble; but they, and indeed the entire city, wear such
an air of dilapidation, and the customs of the people are so hor-
ribly filthy, that it is a penance, instead of a pleasure, to peram-
bulate the streets. Gilded columns and porticos, and gay painting,
do not compensate for the practice of throwing out every kind of
dirt and offal before the doors.

It took us two days to sail from Lisbon to the entrance of the
Mediterranean Sea. A strong current carried us on, with the
shores of Europe and Africa on either hand, that of Africa being
the loftiest, from the range of the Lesser Atlas, which runs along
the kingdom of Morocco. Rounding Tarif Point, we opened
the Bay and Rock of Gibraltar, the former bounded everywhere
by bare hills, save at the point where the noble fortress projects
its bold front into the blue Mediterranean. Gibraltar Rock is
a peninsula, running north and south: it terminates to the south
in Europa Point, which descends in steps or ridges, whereon
stand houses and gardens; while northward, the bluff cliff,
upwards of a thousand feet high, looks back to Spain and shows
its three rows of teeth to the mother country. By these rows of
teeth, I mean the parallel galleries hewn in the face of the rock,
like long caverns, furnished with ranges of cannons, which
grimly project through holes in the sides of the cliff. .

- We lay off the New Mole and took in coals. Southward we |
looked over the Mediterranean to Apes’ Hill, on the African coast.
The view was enlivened with many of the little latteen-sailed boats
which figure in all views of the Mediterranean, and are here
Rock-scorpions. We landed and walked to Europa Point, among
barracks, soldiers, guns and sentries innumerable, and ascend r
the western face of the rock, which has a very steep slope of 459,
covered with asscrubby vegetation, consisting chiefly i

GIBRALTAR. 243

Palms, a few Agaves, &c. From the top, a narrow ridge about
1400 feet high, we obtained a glorious prospect both of the
Spanish and African coasts. The descent on the east is a sheer
precipice down to the sea, all but perpendicular; and nothing
grows, at least at this season, among the confused masses of lime-
stone, of which it, in common with the rest of the rock, consists.
On the west side, by which we ascended, I observed, besides the
Agave and Dwarf Fan-Paim, an introduced Aloe, Asparagus, some
Labiate, and a pretty species of Arum. The Palmetto, or Dwarf
Fan-Palm, was to me the most interesting among this stinted vege-
tation; not merely because it is the only European Palm, but
because it is the most northern species of the genus, as my old
friend, the New Zealand Palmetto, is the most southern species
known. Of the Zubiate there were several kinds, but none either
in flower or fruit. The Phytolacca,* for which I sought particu-
larly, is not to be seen on the wild parts of the rock, but it grows,
apparently cultivated, in the gardens about the town. It forms a
very handsome, leafy, rounded and massy looking tree, with a
stout trunk, and rather short spreading branches; and appears,
specifically, the same as that which I observed in the Island of
Ascension, where it grows with such wonderful rapidity. I had
seen a solitary Phytolacca at Cintra, but did not then recognize it.
To have obtained, as I much wished, a section of the stem, for the
Museum at Kew, was impossible: the trees are jealously guarded
by soldiers, and -in the public gardens it is prohibited to touch
and pluck a plant, as with you at Kew. If we had stayed longer
at Gibraltar, (but after spending six hours on the rock we returned
to the “Sidon,” ) I could easily have procured the Phytolacca
from a private garden. Its general aspect reminds me of the

* Phytolacca dioica, an arborescent species of Poke-weed, native of Buenos Ayres,
but introduced into Europe by the Spaniards and Portuguese, It is remarkable for
the softness of its wood. “Il est,” says M. Bory de St. Vincent, “un assez grand
et fort bel arbre, dont le tronc cependant conserve une mollesse herbacée, telle qu'on
peut le couper comme on ferait d’une enorme Carrotte; il a été des longtems transporté
et forme à Seville une partie de la promenade publique le long du Guadalquivir, près
= pont de Triana. A la forme des feuilles et à la hauteur de plusieuss individus, on
dirait des Peupliers,"- Ep. :

944. DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

Mango. If you have it not, in a living state, in the Royal Gardens,
the Surgeon of this ship has kindly promised to procure it for
you, on his way back to England.—[It has long been in the
Royal Gardens of Kew.—Ep.]

At Malta, I mean to enquire about the Cynomorium, and, if
possible, to visit its habitat, which is said to be on an insulated
rock, sometimes impossible of access, about seventeen miles from
the town of Valetta.

On board H.M. Steam Frigate, “ Sidon,”
Off Valetta, Nov. 29th.

We have had splendid views of the Spanish coast since quitting
Gibraltar: the glorious Sierra Nevada has been full in sight, its
purple mountains, capped with snow, darting upwards into the
bluest of all blue skies, and rising from the bluest of seas. The
African shore was very unlike what I expected. Instead of a bare,
sandy, hilly desert, we saw rugged ranges, clothed in the lower part
with trees, and surmounted with the snow-sprinkled heights of
the Lesser Atlas. Algiers, from a distance, looked a pleasant enough
place to live in:—the town stands on a high and steep point,
rising out of the sea, faced with formidable white batteries and
castled fortifications, and dotted all round with wood-embosomed
villas, probably the residences of the French conquerors.

The harbour of Valetta is magnificent. In our way to the
coaling place, we passed the town of St. Elmo on one hand, and à
noble building, the Naval Hospital, on the other. The shores are
rather high, presenting terrace after terrace of batteries, €
with castellated buildings, and within these again are houses and
palaces, public and private, parades and arched arcades (called
Barracas) on the heights, where the inhabitants seat themselves
and look down upon the shipping below. In all directions you
see rows of huge cannon in the foreground, or bluff escarpments,
or long lines of masonry, enclosing piles of buildings, sprink
with churches and convents, and bell-towers innumerable.
latter emit an incessant jangling: some of the bells have good
voices and others very bad. Scarcely a trace of vegetation remain?
anywhere, except the Caper plant, which covers the rocks

MALTA. 245

walls; and were it not for the cool colouring of the Malta stone,
the heat of this place must be frightful in summer. The rock is
all a pale yellow magnesian limestone, so soft that it may be
easily cut with a knife; but it hardens on exposure to the air and
makes an excellent and durable masonry. The water is deep in
the harbour, up to the very batteries and wharfs, intensely blue
and swarming with boats of all sizes, and ships of all nations.
Two English line-of-battle ships, three war-steamers, together with
some frigates and smaller craft, were all of our fleet then lying at
Malta, the greater part of it being elsewhere in the Mediterranean.
I landed in the forenoon and ascended into the town of Valetta,
through archways and all kinds of mysterious fortifications
abundantly garnished with images of the Virgin, stuck in niches
of the walls. The streets are steep, and there are many flights of
stairs, crowded with people buying and selling, in stalls and little
shops, all open to view, and tenanted by some of the most indus-
trious people I ever saw. The town looks like a fair, or rather a
hive ; everybody has something to do and goes about it in good
humour ; there is no jostling or quarrelling. The streets, which
run along the crest of the hill whereon Valetta stands, are con-
tinued from one end to the other, and intersected at right angles
by others, which strike across from the waters of one bay to that
of the contiguous one. All are very narrow, but clean and strik-
ingly picturesque; they are straight, and the majority of them
are terminated by the water as a vista, with its intense and yet
brilliant hue. They form, so to speak, a sort of square telescope,
with busy crowds along the bottom, handsome yellow carved stone
balconies, projecting on either side, a bright azure sky above, and
the sea like a perfect sapphire-stone at the far extremity. Roberts’
and Daniell’s fine water-colour pictures of scenes in the East have
à reminding similarity to Malta, especially in the buildings and
the blue sky ; but I hardly think that anywhere else is there so
happy a combination as is produced by the hue of the Malta stone,
the lovely Mediterranean, and the stirring bustle of the streets. As
à balance to these recommendations, it must be owned that the
Place is very hot and dusty in summer, and in rainy weather
VOL VH. — 2p

t

24.6 DR. HOOKER'S MISSION TO INDIA.

muddy ; still the mud is clean mud, and there are plenty of good
horses and caléches to carry the stranger about.

The buildings all over the town of Valetta are truly noble, the
majority of them having been erected by the Knights of Malta,
and consisting either of the palaces of individuals, or public
edifices belonging to that ancient community, with not a few
Auberges, as the dwelling-houses of the different Nations of Knights
are called. It seems strange that among so many grand structures
there is not a single really fine church. I speak of their
exterior, for many are gaudy enough within; but I should not
have recognised even the church of St. John by its outward
aspect. The church lately built by the English and founded by
the Queen Dowager, is much the handsomest in Malta, and it is the
only one which boasts of a spire. The Library, the Palace, and the
Church of St. John are well worth a visit, though not fine of their
kind; and I heard of some attractive “ Lions," in the shape of
convents, and bodies of monks preserved and exposed to view, but
neither these, nor the catacombs, had I time to visit.

x* * * * * *

Every part of the town is full of associations, but none so much
so as the Governor's palace, the old residence of the Grand Masters
of the Knights of St. John of Malta. It forms a large and hand-
some quadrangle in Valetta, with one suite of show-apartments,
none very fine, but many highly interesting. The walls of the
Hall and best apartments are covered with rude frescos of the
deeds of the Knights, attributed to Bolognése, who is said to
have been brought over from Italy on purpose. The origin of the
Knights, the siege of Ascalon, and the birth of St. John, are
among the first of these. In another room are Richard Coeur de
Lion receiving his mission and benediction from the Pope, the
repairing the walls of Jerusalem, reception of the Emperor of
Austria, siege of Damietta, King of Hungary receiving the
grand-cross of the order (the only monarch to whom it was granted
as an honorary distinction), the taking of Rhodes, and many other —
subjects with which you are more familiar than I am; or, if you —

MALTA. 247

are not, pray read the History of the Knights of Malta, and of the
Crusaders, published in Constable’s Miscellany, which we have at
home,—both very interesting books. There are no remarkable orna-
ments or very fine rooms in the palace, and but little good marble.
The rooms are so far modernized as to be suitable for an unwar-
like Governor of Malta, and are often disfigured by atrocious
copies of the old masters. There are a few interesting old
paintings, as a portrait of L? Isle Adam, one of the oldest Grand-
Masters, and especially that of the Grand-Master Vignacourt by
Caravaggio, a black and much-disfigured picture, often copied.
The Tapestry-chamber contains about twelve immense panels of
Gobelins workmanship, apparently much superior to what is
at Blenheim: they represent allegorically the Four Continents,
Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. An Armoury is shewn as
something wonderful, but it really is disappointing ; 17,000 stand
of muskets is not attractive, and there is little old armour of
interest, except the coats of armour of L’ Isle Adam, Valetta, who
built the town, and of Vignacourt, being the original suit of steel
inlaid with gold in which he is always represented. There are also
two cannons, with Arabic inscriptions, said to be 550 years old.
The Church of Saint John, the only other remarkable building
whose interior I saw, is externally very plain, but within over-
loaded with sculpture and carving : except the tombs of some of
the old Grand-Masters, and some of the more valiant Knights,
there were few objects of interest. Being built of soft limestone
rock, the whole interior is most elaborately carved, and the surface
picked out with gold and blue stars, flowers, &c. Frescos, in a
bad style, adorn the ceiling and walls, together with some miserable
paintings. One of the latter is ascribed to Andrea del Sarto, a
Flagellation, which I had much difficulty in finding, and, when
found, saw only a mass of blackened dirty canvas, strained all
awry and torn across the lower half. The shrines were profusely
ornamented with gold and silver utensils, altar-pieces, &c. Con-
Spicuous in this, a Roman Catholic place of worship, stands a
throne on the left of the grand altar, with the arms of England
worked on it, and thus betraying its appropriation to our Queen,
2D2

248 DR. HOOKER'S MISSION TO INDIA.

or her representative in Malta. After all, the street views and
enormous proportion of nobly-faced buildings are the main
attractions of Malta. ‘oe

The harbour is always charming and enlivening, from the
number of fruit-boats and the beauty of the surrounding waters,
studded with white-sailed ships of all nations, from noble line-of-
battle ships, smart frigates, and terrible-looking steamers, down to
the gay pleasure-boats, and beautiful lateen-rigged vessels of the
Mediterranean ports. Bands of music are playing all day long:
they flock under the sterns of all vessels of high degree, such as
the “Sidon,” playing by turns, for a few coppers, the prettiest
operatic airs, and remarkably well too. You are awakened in the
morning by them, and in the evening again they re-assemble.

On Saturday morning I went on board the “Vengeance,” to
call on young Beaufort, the son of Admiral Beaufort, the
Hydrographer, (who had come to Malta for health,) and I break-
fasted with her Captain. We then went ashore, where I bought
some carved stone for the Geological Museum. In this work
the natives excel ; and I procured a beautiful fluted pedestal, more
than a yard high, with an elaborately sculptured vase of doves,
ivy-leaves, and flowers, for twenty shillings. Afterwards we rode
out into the country to the ancient capital, Medina, or Città
Vecchia, as it is now called. The country is everywhere flat, and
wofully barren, consisting of ledges of limestone rock, with scarcely
any native vegetation, and here and there rudely ploughed and |
sown with wheat and vegetables. The number of churches —
is remarkable: in our six miles’ ride I did not see fewer than
ten or a dozen, all very large, and abounding inside with —

wax effigies of our Saviour and Saint Paul, rudely painted, —

and very frightful to behold. Every hamlet has its church ; and
any one of the latter would hold half the population of Malta.
Stone-cutting and carving is indeed the besetting employment of
the Maltese; and the facility afforded by the limestone has the
same effect on this their hereditary disposition, that a soft deal
bench has on a school-boy. At Città Vecchia there 1s little of D
note, but a huge church, some curious catacombs, and an extensive —

MALTA. ` 249

prospect of the island, which looks like a broad ledge of white
rock, spotted with churches, and girt by the blue Mediterranean.
Much sanctity is attached to the place, from the belief of the inha-
bitants that Saint Paul lived there, and for years inhabited the
neighbouring caves (or holes), and preached daily from the hill.
Everything is attributed to St. Paul, and our geological friends
would have laughed had they had presented to them for sale (as to
me) some fossil shark’s teeth, three inches long, as the teeth of the
Apostle himself! The people are, of course, grievously ignorant, but
very obliging and good-natured, constantly begging, and trouble-
some from the importunity with which they offer their services.
I made a few sketches of the curious-looking country; but it is
too barren for beauty, and not extensive enough to be otherwise
interesting.

In the evening we went to the Opera, which is an excellent
one, and well-provided (for the size of the place) with performers.
Don Pasquale was fairly executed, the Prima Donna, especially,
both sang and acted creditably. Malestrato was miserable, and
“Come é gentil,” a total failure.

I enjoyed my stay in this island exceedingly, and was the more
glad to have seen it, being tolerably familiar with our two other
fortified rocks, St. Helena and Gibraltar.

Cairo, Dec. 7th, 1847.

On Sunday morning the “Sidon” sailed from Malta, and
arrived at Alexandria on the following Saturday morning. The
passage was long, owing to contrary winds and a head sea, which,
though slight, were sufficient to retard the “Sidon,” which,
despite her size and terribly grand look, is a very indifferent
steamer or sailer, after all. At Alexandria, we were very busy
preparing to leave the ship the following day; but every time
l went upon deck for a few minutes there was something strange
to look at in the various costumes of the functionaries who
came on board on visits of ceremony or of duty to the Governor-
General or the ship. Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Egyptians,
with not afew Arabs, swarmed up and down, wearing turbans,
Fez-caps, gold lace, rich scymetars with diamond hilts, heavy

250 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

gold-embroidered shawls round their waists, and curious-looking
foreign orders. It was always difficult to distinguish the servants
from their masters, and the Dragoman or interpreter from both.
Alexandria is a ruinous city of dirty white houses, straggling
round a broad bay, with nothing but its antiquities and associations
to interest a stranger. Pompey’s Pillar to the west of the
harbour, and Cleopatra’s Needle to the east, are conspicuous from
the lowness of the coast before the land is visible from seaward.
There are a few fine ships of Mehemet Ali’s in the harbour,
but he cannot man them; his palace is a large, tolerably well
furnished, white square building, fronting the sea. Of trees there
are scarcely any, except groves of Date-Palms, and afew Acacias;
no herbs or shrubs, but in the wretched gardens. The soil is all
limestone rubbish, blown about by the wind into your eyes
already sore with the glare of the sun. ‘The outskirts are horrible,
to a degree, consisting of clusters of huts, or rather mud hovels,
grouped together in squares or quadrangles, not four feet high,
each square about ten feet every way, with a hole for the door,
and another to serve as a window. I went ashore about 2 P.-M.,
and was at once besieged by crowds of donkey-boys, so closely
that I had to use a stick to keep them off, till I selected one, and
rode to Pompey's Pillar. It is certainly a very remarkable
object, the shaft being one piece of granite; but like all such
attempts at effect it is a failure, because the mind does not perceive
at once the gigantic labour which the erection of such a single
stone must have cost. Of this and Cleopatra’s Needle I need
say no more: they were exactly what I expected, neither more
nor less, and any one can form a good conception of them, from
reading the most ordinary account. I next went to the slave-
market, and had to pay for admission into a small qua
court, about thirty feet square, surrounded with cells of about
twelve feet, devoted to the slaves of each nation. These wretched :
holes were dark and dirty, and full of vermin, in spite of the smoke
of a fire in the middle of the earthen floor, which all but suffocated
the poor inmates. 1 saw only the Abyssinians, two or three
squalid wretches, in a most abject state of filth, disease, and |

THE NILE. 251

suffering from the smoke which inflamed their poor eyes. They
said nothing, but crouched behind the door and up in the
corner on my entering.

E * E * * *

All of us regretted leaving our kind hosts and friends on
board the * Sidon," to most of whom we had already become
much attached. Captain Henderson is one of the mildest and
most gentlemanly of men: he, with six or eight of the officers,
accompanied us to Cairo. Our route was on the Mahmoudie
Canal, which communicates between Alexandria and the Nile,
running east about eighty miles, and our conveyance was a little
steamer, of the size, shape, &c., of a Woolwich boat: she is
the property of the Transit office, for the conveyance of pas-
sengers, but devoted to us for the present. There was no
comfort on board, and we were much crammed with Drago-
men of all sizes and stamps, officials, luggage, &c. This canal
was constructed by Mehemet Ali, who forced the Egyptians to
work, without pay, or even bread or tools: 60,000 are said to
have been starved to death ; but we may hope this is exaggerated,
being much above the number given in the hand-book of Egypt.
All along, the banks are bare, or where you approach the lake
Mareotis, rushy and reedy; except the Tamariz there are no
bushes, and occasional Dates or Acacias are the only trees. The
scenery reminded me of the canal through the bog of Allan, if
you can suppose that wholly destitute of any vegetation, except
around the very scattered Egyptian or Turkish houses, where are
scantily furnished gardens of Acacia, Cypress, Myrtle, &e. At
10, a.m., we reached the Nile, descending to it through a lock :
it rained tremendously, and we got very wet during the embarka-
tion. Here we were received on board a very pretty steamer, of
the size of a Greenock boat, very swift, and well-built and found :
she is the pleasure yacht of Mehemet Ali, which he placed at our

i The after part was given up to Lord and Lady
Dalhousie: it was gorgeously fitted with white shot satin, all
Worked with gold and scarlet flowers, heavy gilt and silver orna-
ments, Turkey carpets an inch thick, and everything in the most

252 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

costly and splendid style, short of solid gold and jewels. Only Lord
and Lady Dalhousie enjoyed this splendour, however, for we messed
on deck ; and the accommodations for the rest of us, including the
prime minister of Egypt, were comparatively poor, and consisted
of little cabins with sofas, and no washing appurtenances. We had
to sleep two in each cabin, happily the weather was remarkably
cold, and for washing we were sore put to, till we bethought
ourselves of the tin cocked-hat boxes, which, opening through the
middle, made two basins at once. Our repasts were sumptuous,
served in the French fashion, and with French cookery, on silver
and gold plate.
Next morning we were half-way to Cairo: the Nile looked
a tame river, but association gave interest to its ordinary features.
It was about as broad as the Thames at Kew, turbid and
rapid, the stream flowing three miles an hour, bringing mud
from Upper Abyssinia, the fabled Mountains of the Moon,
Lake Dembir, and all the countries I used to read of, years ago;
in Bruce’s and Salt’s travels. The banks are cliffs of mud, ten to
twenty feet high, steep, and showing the successive layers of
deposited soil, to which Egypt owes all its scanty store of vegeta-
tion. On these cliffs, or rather banks, we saw the Camel or lonely
Dromedary stalking along, with his Arab master before, or upon
him ; the latter turbaned and clothed, as all our associations picture
him to be. At other places we observed groups of tents, with
camels and donkeys around, an Acacia or Sycamore on one side,
and a Palm on the other; little scenes, wholly oriental, and as
different from anything English as are those of the other countries
I had visited, many thousand miles further from home. Beyond
the immediate banks spread wide deserts of sand, wholly un-
tenanted and uninhabitable, except by the wandering Arab.
Here and there-a little irrigation is attempted, by means of 4
broad wheel with many buckets attached to the whole circum-
ference, and worked by a bullock. Of houses there were very
few, and built near trees of Palm (Date), Sycamore, Acacia
Lebekh, but no other that I could see. Boats were numerous; ———
such as are figured in Bruce’s Journey, and many subsequent =

KOOLYA. 253

ones, though I remember none so well. All have high sterns, with
a sort of houses on them, and are full of men, women, and the
products of the soil. Sometimes their tall yards are descried for
miles inland, and even over the sand of the desert, when a fleet of
them is on another branch of the Delta whose waters are out
of sight.

At three, p.m., we had our first view of the Pyramids, on the
right bank of the river. At this distance, about forty miles, they
appear like little blue cones on the horizon, not large enough to
be wonderful, as objects of art, nor small enough to escape obser-
vation altogether. The first view of Cairo is very grand, espe-
cially at sunset, when the sinking san darts forth golden beams
along the mysterious desert, lighting up the Pyramids, which
appear in strong relief, and gildmg the white hill that overtops
Cairo, with its citadel, mosques, and larger buildings. The fer-
tility of the banks of the Nile increased as we neared the city,
the belt of verdure being itself very broad, and the wooded portion
of it, on the immediate shores, becoming more dense. A few
miles below the town are Mehemet Ali’s country-gardens and
palace of Shoobra, a very pretty but formally arranged spot, loaded
with Orange-Trees, enclosed by clipped hedges of Myrtle, Gera-
nium, Hibiscus, and other plants, disposed in figures amongst
gravel walks.

* * * * * *

We arrived at Koolva, a place on the Nile a few miles below
Cairo where Mehemet Ali had a palace prepared for us, about
9 o'clock in the afternoon. There the Governor-General landed,
accompanied by those who must be with him, whilst I went on with
à party of the officers to the city, in preference to being located so
far off. At 9, we reached the landing-place, where the Pacha
had carriages waiting to conduct us whither we pleased, the
Servants bearing lighted cressets. Our party consisted of two
Lieutenants, Perrier, son of the Consul at Brest, and relative of
J. W. Croker, Esq., and Porcher, who was with Capt. Blackwood
m H.M.S. Fly; two Midshipmen, Mr. Caleraft, a relative of Lord

VOL. VI. 2 E

254 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

Dalhousie, and the Hon. Mr. Bridgeman, son of Lord Bridport;
the Assistant-Surgeon of the “ Sidon ” (Russell) ; Mr. Chalmers, a
Scotchman, and nephew of Capt. Henderson, who is on board the
* Sidon" as an invalid, and another young gentleman. We went
to the British hotel, kept by a Scotchman, to which Captain
Henderson recommended us; but it is a wretched house as far
as meals and attendance are concerned. The greater part of us
took two-bedded rooms. As to the houses here, they are more
like holes in quarries than anything else,—great white-washed
crumbling stone edifices, smelling of mortar and plaster, when
the sun is not strong enough to raise any worse odour. We
were very tired, but, after supper, were tempted with pipes,
and Syrian tobacco, with which we lounged on long divans, and
looked very Oriental. Mosquitoes there were in plenty, and as
they got inside our curtained beds, we had no choice but to smoke
them out before lying down.

The first thing we did this morning was to visit the Turkish
bath, a novelty to us, and greatly needed after our uncomfortable
night’s accommodation on board the little steamer. The morning

-was cold, only 68°, and we preferred walking to riding on
jackasses, the universal mode of conveyance here. All the roads
we travelled were suburban, and broad, with huge tumble-down
houses on one side, and arow of Acacia Lebekh trees on the
opposite, or odious narrow lanes of smaller buildings, rudely
plastered and white-washed, with windows and balconies so pro-
jecting as almost to meet overhead. Pray look in Lane's edition
of the Arabian Nights for admirable sketches of them; but
imagine also the roads unpaved and dusty, the walls very dirty
and dilapidated, and the wood-work of the pretty lattices unpainted,
brown, and ricketty, like an old cane-bottomed chair. The charms
of these Eastern houses are all ideal and in the abstract: to live
in them must be detestable. Even at this early hour, all the shops
are open, if by that name you may designate little holes in the

sides of the streets, where the faithful squat in their slippers, and

smoke, pray, and drink coffee all the day long, each with a sallow — —

or black attendant, who plays shop-boy, cheat, and pipe-feeder to

CAIRO. | 255

his dingy lord and master. Jackasses and turbanned Arabs
throng the streets so densely that you are glad of your Dragoman,
who precedes you with a short cane, in the use of which he is by
no means scrupulous. But the great Dromedaries, though fewer
in number, are far more troublesome than the people; they carry
huge packages on their sides, stride along irrespective of man or
beast, poking their heads out before them, like geese going under
a barn door, grunting dissatisfaction at their load, yet bearing it
very patiently all the while. The hoofs are the most curious part of
these animals, being great orbicular elastic pads, which collapse, as
it were, when the foot presses the ground, much as an accordion
does, but without the music. However, I must hurry on to the bath,
to reach which we wound through many nasty lanes and streets
of shops, which are called bazaars, but which I should rather
yclep ** Vennels,” if you remember the Glasgow holes of that name.
After all, a Cairo bazaar is very like a Greenock street, without the
windows.

Arrived at the bath, we were ushered into a marble-paved
quadrangle (none of the cleanest), open above, with seats all
round, upon which many of the faithful were distributed, in
all stages of preparation. "Though these are the best baths in
Cairo, they seemed anything but select, either as to their
attendants or cleanliness. To undress, we mounted a sort of
stage, or dresser, covered with dirty sacking beds of questionable
character. A man, or rather the spectre of a man, worn to skin
and bone by the enervating influence of the bath, then took us,
one by one, clothed in airy garments, and shod in sabots, through
many dark passages to the bath-room, a dark, dirty, domed chamber,
with a bath of muddy water at 94° in one corner, the stone-work
of which abounded in cockroaches. In the middle was a stone
fountain of hot water at 128°. All assembled, one by one, in the
bath-room, and were unceremoniously popped in, four at once, and
splashed, then taken out and flayed with small hair-brushes ;
anon scrubbed with black soap, some of which I have still in my
eyes. After a sort of drying I thought all was concluded, when the
Spectre came up to me carrying a basin of scalding water, which

| 2rE2

256 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

he, without any notice, threw at the pit of my stomach, causing me
to spring back, slip, and measure my length on the marble floor.
When recovered, I was shaved, without soap or lather: “Crossing
the Line” is nothing to it; for a razor is scraped along the face
and pressed hard against it at right angles to your visage, as you
scratch a written word out of a letter. When the barber came to
my throat, I felt very uneasy, and but for shame would have run
away. The shave, after all, was an exceedingly bad one, which
I repeated at the inn an hour later in the day. After ducking,
dry-rubbing, and polishing, we were dressed à /a Ture, with
turbans, and deposited in a tolerably clean bed, side by side, like
herrings in a barrel, where pipes and coffee were brought to
us. This we enjoyed till a Shampooer (or Lampooner, as our
friend in Ireland has it) came and kneaded my limbs with his
knuckles, cracking all the arm, finger, and toe-joints. He then
put his knee in the small of my back, and screwed my body round,
as you wring a fowl’s neck, till I heard the gristle of my back-
bone crack, and concluded by giving my head a wrench on
my shoulders which left mea crick in the neck. After, and during
dressing, we were stunned with repeated prayers for “ Backsheesh”
from all those officiating in the ceremonies, and with difficulty we
got away minus 3s. a head, and plus a good many fleas, which we
had not before.
Lord Dalhousie having asked me to call for him in the morning,
I repaired on the back of a jackass to the Palace his Lordship occu-
pied, about two miles from Cairo. The road led through an avenue of
Acacias, but was otherwise dusty and disagreeable, till I reached
the Palace gardens. These are very pretty but uniform, formed
of hedges of clipped Myrtle, Geranium, Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis,
and groves of Orange, Lemon, Citron, Bananas, and Olive.
Occasionally, Jessamines were trained over head; and the effect of
the evergreen foliage which predominated, was always agreeable
and bright. At the door of the Palace I found Fane and
Courtenay smoking long pipes, after the manner of the Faithful.
Upstairs were Lord and Lady Dalhousie, and a party of official —
gentlemen, including the Honourable Capt. Murray, of Pembroke -

CAIRO. 257.

Lodge, Richmond Park, (whose brother is Consul-General here,)
who gave me a cordial welcome. His Lordship kindly invited me
to accompany him to the citadel at 2 o’clock, to be introduced to
Mehemet Ali, and to bring as many officers as were inclined to
come. This over, I rode back to the inn, and took another
donkey for the Rhoda gardens, belonging to Ibrahim Pacha,
(now in Italy) which are superintended by a Scotch gentleman,
Mr. Traill. But as I shall mention them in another letter, I
here content myself by saying that Mr. Traill received me and
the plants from Kew very kindly, and that he will in return
transmit seeds of the celebrated Doum Palm,* to obtain which
he will send to Upper Egypt, the only place where it grows.

I returned to the inn with barely time to dress for the Pacha’s
Palace, whither we repaired in a handsome carriage full of officers.
The road was long, through narrow and very crowded streets.
We were preceded by two running attendants with long whips,
which they laid about them right and left, to clear the way,
utterly regardless of man or beast, who scurry out of the way, or
cower under their Bernouse cloaks to fend off the blows. I saw an
unfortunate Egyptian, whose cart struck across the street, receive
a terrible whipping, to which he offered not the least resistance.
We were rather late, and arrived just after the’Governor, and
as the guns were pealing forth a royal salute. Passing under the
gates through a magnificent new and half-finished alabaster
mosque, (see the Panorama of Cairo,) we arrived at the quadrangle, -
where the Governor-General and his lady were alighting from a
splendid six-horse coach, like the Lord Mayor’s, with Egyptian
Lancers as out-riders. The band played a sort of “ God save the
Queen” to their Excellencies, and I know not what to the second
carriage, conveying Fane and Courtenay ; but I was honoured with
the Bohemian Polka for my share of the instrumental greeting. The

` * Mr. Traill has already performed his promise : seeds in beautiful condition have
reached Kew. The Doum Palm is the Cucifera Thebaica of Delile, who was the first
modern author to give a detailed account of this singular dichotomous Palm. Theo-
Phrastus deseribed it under the name of Cucifera, which Gaertner changed to

Hypheene, _ It is known to the Arabs by the name of Doum. The wood is valuable ;
but no use is made of the fruit.—Ep.

258 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

gateway was crowded with tame-looking, fiercely-armed Egyptians,
equipped with gorgeous sashes, diamond-hilted scymetars, and the
like. Behind stood plainly-dressed attendants, on a dais, each
wearing a gold badge on his breast,—the Crescent and Star of |
Egypt; they passed us on through gorgeously-furnished apart-
ments, divaned all round, and covered with the richest Turkey
carpets, to the private audience chamber. It was splendid, hung
with looking-glass; the walls, above the mirrors, are covered with
pale satin worked with crimson and gold flowers. The windows
were fifteen feet high, having transparent blinds wrought with
most exquisite groups of flowers, admirably imitated. Atl round
were sofas and cushions of satin, embroidered with Carnations,
Fuchsias, and Roses. Mehemet, an old, cunning-looking man, in
a plain olive-green braided coat, sat on the right hand corner,
near the window, but he received us standing. He conversed with
Lord Dalhousie by means of a Dragoman interpreter, we being
all arranged round, and forming a gorgeous cortège. Behind were
several gentlemen, including the Pacha’s son and son-in-law, and
many plainly attired domestics. In a few minutes each of us,
including Lady Dalhousie, was furnished with a pipe six feet
long, its amber mouth-piece as thick as my wrist, and eight
inches long, studded with brilliants. The bowl was placed in à
silver dish on the ground, and we all whiffed away. The servants
then brought coffee in little egg-cups, set in gold filagree holders,
blazing with diamonds. The coffee is not made like ours, the
beans being ground to paste, the liquid thus consisting of
coffee grounds and all, for nothing is thrown away. In this form
it is tolerable, but to an English palate not so good as ours,
being turbid. The same attendants removed the pipes and coffee
cups, and we retired much pleased with the novelty and magnifi-
cence of the scene.

* * * * * *
= The city of Cairo is built at the fork of the Delta, on the advancing
spur of the first range of hills we had seen on our passage UP — —
from Alexandria, and which reaches from the Eastern Desert to —
the left bank of the Nile, there sloping down rather abruptly — —
and presenting a fine site for the citadel, with its beautiful mosque

CAIRO. 259.

and palaces. All the little features of the banks of the stream,
between Aftéh and Cairo, which are familiar to us by Scripture
History, and here realized for the first time, are forgotten, when
Cairo and the Pyramids open to the view; for these are the first
grand objects which force themselves upon the notice of the most
heedless traveller. To me, however, the banded cliffs of mud
along the banks were very suggestive, for they indicate the suc-
cessive deposits of fertile soil, and as many epochs of rejoicing
throughout the narrow belt of habitable land in Egypt, from the
earliest ages, and through every change, however violent, which this
miserable country has undergone. At the time of our visit (begin-
ning of December), the Nile had just resumed its proper channel ;
and the banks, on either side, were, in some places, alive with the
poor Fellahs, hurrying the seed into the mud. At Cairo, the belt
of productive soil (which is everywhere confined to the overflowed
portion) does not exceed five miles broad on the right bank, and
not one upon the Cairo side; but the best use is made of it.
Considering the vast size and body of water in the Nile, and the
prodigious length of that river, its effects are trifling, less, perhaps,
than from any river of the same dimensions. This is owing to the
nature of the Desert through which it flows, and to the immense
distance from which every particle of the precious mud is trans-
ported :—also, to the fact, that it is only the lesser branch, the
Blue Nile (that of Abyssinia, and explored by Bruce), which con-
tributes at a// to the fertility of Egypt. On the other hand, if
we reflect upon what the country would be without the Nile, its
importance and effects can hardly be sufficiently estimated ; for
indefatigable as the river has been, it has not deposited more
than eight feet of soil, since the time of the Ptolomies.

The Pyramids are on the opposite side of the Nile from Cairo ;
and the distance being about twelve miles, by road, (further or
nearer, according to the state of the inundated intervening country,)
we made arrangements over-night for starting early the following
morning. At six we took donkeys, provisions, and two Dragomen,
and passed through the narrow alleys and under the latticed
windows of Cairo, to a place opposite Ghizeh. On our route we

260 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

observed many palaces, belonging to wealthy merchants and
princes, gardens, groves, and plantations, near the river; the
School of Languages, and the Sugar-mills belonging to the Pacha;
Tbrahim’s Palace, named Rhoda, and a half-finished (apparently
never to be completed) aqueduct of five arches, destined to
convey water from the Nile to the citadel.

The spot where we crossed the Nile is highly picturesque,
opposite the upper end of a long island, where the famous Nilo-
meter is placed. The banks on both sides were crowded with
latteen-sailed boats, and green with Date-Palms, Acacias, Syca-
mores, and Sugar-cane plantations. The river was a magnificent
stream, as broad as the Thames at London Bridge, or thereabouts,
shining in the sun, and flowing with a current of between two
and three miles an hour, studded with boats, and evidently re-
joicing in its course. We beheld the Pyramids six miles off, in a
straight line; they rose above the Palm-trees, and looked grand
in the distance; altogether different from anything that can be
seen elsewhere. But they are so infinitely more curious than hand-
some, that it is impossible to help feeling that in many other
shapes these wondrous masses would have appeared bigger, and
in any other, more attractive. In themselves, they do not invite,
as most remarkable objects would do, a closer inspection ; it is the
force of association which compels you to approach, together with
your previously acquired information respecting the empty wonders
they enclose. |

The island, on which the Nilometer is situated, is walled from
the water far above the level of the soil ; its houses and green trees,
however, peep over the wall, the latter (the trees) Dates, Oranges
Acacia, and Banana, being of highly varied heights and hues,
and giving the whole a very pleasing appearance. The upper
extremity of the island is occupied by the building, in which the

height of the Nile is registered: there is nothing to be seen in it, m

yet it is an interesting object, for, if I remember aright, the
former, (and I dare say the present,) rulers of Egypt have a mode a
of regulating the corn-market, by suiting the official report of " +
state of the river to that of their granaries. erating the —

THE NILE. 261

height of the waters is tantamount to promising an abundant
harvest for three years, and thereby lowering the price of the corn
already in hand. ;

We crossed the river in a boat, similar to what is figured in
Bruce's Travels, and called a Canjan. We were in a small one,
and the asses followed in another. During the passage, I had
time to make two little sketches,—one of the opposite bank,
Ghizeh and the Pyramids, from the east shore,—and the other of
the Nilometer and Cairo, from the west,—in each instance, looking
across the noble stream. Both banks were equally thronged with
filthy Egyptians, of all mixtures of blood; pure and mingled
Ethiopians, Nubians, Abyssinians, Turks, and a few Copts, whom
lsuppose to be the most peculiar race; at all events they ap-
peared to have the long almond-shaped eye, so conspicuous in the
sculptured figures of ancient Egypt, and quite different from the
Turk or Arab eye. I was unfortunate in meeting with no person
in Cairo who could give me information on this and many other
points: all the individuals to whom I was recommended were
away.

From Ghizeh, the village to which we crossed, and from which
the Pyramids take their name, we struck inland, through cultivated
fields and Date plantations for a little way, and then over a long
flat, without house or tree, and all cut up by little canals and
dykes, retaining the waters of the late inundation, and distributing
them in every direction. The soil is a rich fat mud, through which
the naked Arabs were wading, scattering seeds of Pulse, Tares, and
such vegetables, We wound along the margins of the enclosures
for many miles, by a course so devious that often our backs were
turned to the Pyramids. The latter looked bigger and bigger as we
approached, till we arrived within two miles of their bases. Our
progress was arrested by broad beds of mud and clay, puddly
canals, and chains of Lagoons, which, together, constitute the outer
limit of the fertile soil on the west boundary of the inundation.
In these pools a great body of water is retained, which gradually
evaporates and leaves its bed dry, previous to the following year's
tise of the Nile. Ere reaching them, we were met by parties of

VOL. VIL 2r

262 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

Arabs, who scampered up to us and led us to the brink of the
pools. There two of them lifted me off the donkey, and forth-
with making a Queen’s chair, transported me half across, landing
me in some rich mud, covered with Maize stalks. Thus we were
all conveyed, riding at times, then splashing through the wet, and
again carried by two naked and evil-smelling Arabs, till we arrived
at some hard soil, a mixture of mud and sand, on the edge of the
Desert. An abrupt cliff of limestone and sand rises immediately
above the half-inundated tract I have described, and upon it are -
placed the two grand and several lesser Pyramids, the Sphynx
below them on the slope of the sand-hills, and the mouths of the
Catacombs on the cliff: a strange assemblage of objects bearing
no obvious relation to each other. From here, the Pyramids
looked vast indeed; but, as we approached still nearer, owing
to the fore-shortening of their sloping faces, they rapidly de-
creased to appearance, till when standing under their bases, it
required both study and consideration to appreciate their gigantic
dimensions. The perspective of each face is so rapid, that you
. would positively think a few strides are all that lie between the
bottom and the top.

As to the Sphynx, it is truly stupendous, and looks larger and
larger as you approach; no doubt, because it is an object directly
comparable with that ever-present standard, —one's self. Of merit
of execution it has none: grandeur, beauty, placidity, and dig-
nity, are alike wanting; there is not a worse and more ineffective
piece of workmanship in St. Paul's or Westminster Abbey. Like
the Pyramids, it is wonderful and suggestive to an educated indi-
vidual, but nothing more. The poor face is terribly knocked to
pieces, and as it can never have had any loveliness to spare, yo"
may guess how flat and unengaging an object it is, buried up to
the throat in sand and rubbish, and looking as unable to help
itself, as it really is. One likes to relieve a noble piece of art, but
it is impossible to pity the Sphynx. CCS E

The bases of the Pyramids are covered deeply with rubbish; $0 —

that the rock on and with which they are built, and which forms ——

a core, eight feet high, in the centre of the largest, is nowhere E.

THE PYRAMIDS. 263

visible. I had only time to go over one properly, the Pyramid of
Cheops, whose dimensions you doubtless know, 456 feet high, and
each base 763 feet. The crowd of vociferous and importunate Arabs
who surrounded us here, impeding our motions, and menacing
us with a colony of vermin, was most disagreeable. They all
belong to one tribe, and are under the Sheik of the district, who
pays tribute to the Pacha, and demands money for permission to
ascend, or enter the edifices. Two naked beings take you to the
top, scrambling like cats, and dragging you from ledge to ledge.
As the steps are much higher than they are broad, each measuring
four feet and two-thirds of a foot high in the lower tiers, the ascent
is fatiguing, though it may be accomplished in ten minutes. All
parts, except some of the interior, are formed of shell-limestone, the
same as the subjacent rock, of a pale yellow colour, and tolerably hard.
The whole was once cased in a still harder rock, which, receiving
a beautifully smooth surface, rendered the slope of each face as
sheer as polished marble. But all this casing is gone from the Great
Pyramid ; a little only remains at the apex of the second, or Pyra-
mid of Cephrenes, which is thus rendered all but inaccessible. The
view from the summit is magnificent. Beneath, looking westward, lies
the emerald plain, through which sweeps the mighty Nile, sparkling
in the sun, as it winds through groves, gardens, and cultivated
land. Beyond rises the city of Cairo, a dense mass of white houses,
and minarets like spear-heads, crowned by the Citadel, with its
monster castle, domes, and pinnacles, and backed by the white
cliffs of the Mohattem Hills. Looking up the Nile, the ribband
of verdure appears to dwindle to nothing, as the river retreats into
the desert, its course buoyed out, so to speak, where it traverses
the sandy plain, by two other groups of Pyramids on its banks ;
beyond which the eye perceives no outline, or horizon, to the sand
hills. Due S. E. in a line with the diagonal of the great
Pyramid whereon I stood, the second Pyramid rose, about 300
yards distant, of nearly equal height, capped with the relies of its
casing, and terminating in all but a sharp point. At its foot were
little Pyramids, awkwardly placed, without reference to the parent
one, and much dilapidated. All to the west was bathed in the
2F2

264 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

yellow haze which overhangs the sand-hills of the vast Lybian
Desert.

I took a few sketches of these scenes, the grandest, perhaps,
but certainly the least attractive I had ever viewed; and after
collecting all the Lichens I could find on the stones near the sum-
mit (where alone they grow), I descended, and made arrangements
for visiting the interior. There I was highly interested. Though
hurried by two Arabs along the slippery inclined passage, choking
with heat and dust and crouching on hands and knees, I perfectly
remembered every passage and chamber, every ascent and descent.
The intense interest, with which I had read, when a boy, the
history of the entrance and exploration of this Pyramid, was
vividly recalled to my mind; and I astonished my companion by
telling him when we were approaching a well, a chamber, the ascent
or descent, &c.. The incomprehensible form of the avenue which
leads to the upper or King’s Chamber, which is many times higher
than broad, and its sides, above, terraced outwards, as it were,
with slabs of polished granite ; the polished canal, along which the
Sarcophagus was dragged; and the Sarcophagus itself,—all were
familiar to my mind; even to the polished granite stones of the
chamber, and their dimensions, each seventeen feet long by three
and three-quarters wide. The inside of the Pyramid was to
me incomparably more striking than the exterior; perhaps only
because it had afforded to my memory a most happy occasion of
rejoicing in its exercise, and because our earliest reading is Te
tained the best. 1

There is one grievous disappointment in the Pyramids, and
it is increased by visiting them ;—I mean their utter futility.
It is now, I believe, proved that they are simply the mausolea
of individuals. When I was a child, I was used to regard them
as having been constructed for a triple object (any one
which were better than the commemoration of a mere mortal),
namely, as astronomical buildings, as places of worship, and
as edifices dedicated to the Genius of the Nile, whose waters
brought fertility to their bases. If any of these ideas had been

correct, the Pyramids might, when more understood, have thrown d

CAIRO. VEGETATION. ` 265

some light on the science of the Egyptians, and though mixed up
with astrology and mythology, they would have given evidence
that their constructors possessed a faint insight into truths, which,
till lately, were hidden from ourselves. The Egyptian priest, who
told Pliny (I believe) that the Atlantic Ocean contained islands,
bigger than Europe and Africa put together, might have left in
the Pyramids some further proof of his conviction that there is a
Western World, if Science had, either wholly or in part, suggested
the foundation of these structures. Our early prejudices are
thus liable to be continually outraged. Yet I hardly see why we
should be sorry to find out, that our predecessors were less wise
than we had supposed them.
* E * * * *
Cairo I found a most interesting place, for everything but botany.
The city, as perhaps I have already mentioned, is situated on the
slope, or spur of a long range of hills, which there dips down to the
Nile. To the south there is little space for cultivation, the desert
coming close up to the river, leaving but a narrow strip, of which
every advantage is taken : on the opposite side, however, the belt is
broader, some miles across, extending from the Nile to the desert,
and kept fertile by canals, cut between the river and a long line of
puddles, which run parallel to the Nile, but close to the desert.
There are no trees, except upon the banks on either side, and these
almost exclusively Date-Palms, in clumps and groves, Acacia Lebekh
in long avenues, and scattered Sycamore figs. All the Date-trees
are spoiled, as to appearance, from the dead, or dying, leaves being
invariably eut away, when the Palm shoots up a long naked rough-
looking and hungry stem, forty to sixty feet, crowned with a formal
tuft of fronds ; at this season the fruits are all gathered, and of these
there are eight or ten varieties, large and small, yellow, red, purple,
and almost black. A little grass grows under their shade, or
sometimes wheat is planted. The fields are all laid out in squares
of various sizes, carefully irrigated from the Nile, the water when
required being raised by wheels, whose tires are covered with large
pots, and the whole moved by a bullock. There are but few
hedges and they are chiefly of Prickly-Pear or Parkinsonia aculeata,

266 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

the latter very beautiful, from its bright green and feathery foliage:
Close to the river the crops appeared to consist of Sugar-cane,
Hemp, Tobacco, Sesamum, Cotton, Coffee, Rice, and Indigo, with
scattered Oranges, Lemons, Bananas, Mulberries, Ceratonia Si-
liqua, and a few other trees, but the fruits are chiefly confined to
the walled gardens of the richer Egyptians. The Sugar-cane
appeared a very small kind, much smaller than the commonly
cultivated one, which is the Bourbon, I believe, such as you
have at Kew. Further from the town and river, the great allu-
vial deposit, which alone is fertile of all Egypt (except the Oases),
. is rudely cultivated with various Leguminose, just sprouting.
Holcus Sorghum, Lettuce, Flax, Poppy, Cumin, and Coriander
produce at this season a rich carpet of the liveliest green.

Cairo stands half on the Desert, and half on the alluvial deposit,
so that you may enter it amongst gardens, avenues, and richly-
cultivated fields, and step from the gates on the other side into
utter sterility. On the east portion you see no one but a solitary
Arab on his Dromedary, or occasionally a long caravan of laden
camels, breaking the horizon of rock and sand; whilst the river-
ward suburbs are crowded with laden asses, camels, men, women,
and children, all busy carrying or planting and sowing, ploughing
or irrigating, so densely packed, dirty, and disorderly, that it 1s
impossible to conceive by what governing power they can be made
profitable servants and subjects. |

The Rhoda Gardens are situated on a long island which divides
the Nile at Cairo, and upon the end of which the celebrated Nilo-
meter is placed. The first thing which strikes you on entering
them is the want of Exotics. All Eastern gardens are, YOU -
know, mere collections of the common and more ornamental
native plants, arranged in straight lines to suit an Eastern taste,
and crowded together to produce shade and masses of green to

rest the eye upon; hence the Rhoda Gardens are disappointing at
first sight, for they present neither the extreme variety of our
English botanic or pleasure gardens, nor the perfectly artificial and
formal luxuriance of Shoobra. Rhoda is, however, and =
truly the Dropmore of Egypt, and it is quite marvellous what has |

THE RHODA GARDENS. 267

been done in the way of introducing exotic trees, under difficulties
such as no other Botanic garden ever had to surmount. St.
Petersburg may shut out her frosts, and Calcutta moderate her
heats; but no human ingenuity can counteract the inundation of
the Nile at one season, or fend off the hot blast from the desert at
the succeeding one. Even the cold at Cairo is sometimes very
trying to vegetation, especially at nights, so that the plants have
to contend with every disadvantage.

I had but a very few minutes to spent at Rhoda, during which
Mr. Traill kindly took me round part of the gardens, and pointed
out what was of most interest. With the box of cuttings from
Kew he was much pleased; all appeared in excellent condition,
though, alas, few of them have even a chance of succeeding. I did
not perceive any definite plan or arrangement in the gardens: the
first object here, as everywhere in the East, is shade, and it is
afforded by a profusion of the trees common about Cairo, and
mentioned above. The walks were generally bordered by hedges
of Lawsonia or Parkinsonia, and sometimes Myrtles, whilst
Rosemary takes the place of Box. Sixty acres are laid out in
walks, thus bordered by hedges or trees, inclosing square or
variously-formed areæ, among which many interesting trees of all
countries have been planted, with various success. The Passion-
flower trailed luxuriantly and flowers abundantly. A fine little
Banyan tree also thrives, at the expense of much labour and inge-
nuity on Mr. Traill’s part, who brings pots of water to the branches,
so arranged that the roots dipped into them. All the genus Ficus
do well, as do Mahogany, Logwood, Casuarina, Sapindus Sapo-
naria, many Acacia, Pittospora, Eugenia, and other Myrtaceae.
Of shrubby things which throve, I observed Zwrnera, Oleanders,
Guilandina Bonduccella, Tamarix, Hibiscus, Gleditsia, various
Dalbergia, one, the Sissoo, attaining the size of a tree, and yield-
Ang excellent timber in Egypt. Of the English, European, or
N. American timber-trees, few prosper : Araucaria imbricata exists,
and that is all; the Oak looks poorly; Tazodiwm distichum is yel-
low as a guinea, Platanus orientalis far from umbrageous.
Cypresses are killed by the inundations of the Nile. The Asiatic

268 MUSA TEXTILIS.

Teak even will not grow, owing to the wet at this period, The
Palms are very capricious: some have succeeded admirably, as
Oreodoxa regia, sent by Loddiges, Latania Borbonica, and some
Caryotas ; these, however, are individuals, forming no great features
in a garden of sixty acres, though very handsome in themselves.
Upon the whole the Rhoda Gardens are a noble project, more
interesting to a botanist than ornamental, according to European
taste. Everywhere you turn you are greeted by some English
or well-known exotic, struggling to accommodate itself to Egyptian
bondage, or rebelliously resenting all poor Mr. Traill’s kind atten-
tions, and doing the worst a slave can do—dying on the spot, and
breaking his master’s heart.
Some accounts of the Rhoda Gardens are published in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle by Mr. Traill himself, which I should have
liked to have perused previous to my visit, but had no opportu-
nity: they are, however, worth your referring to.

(To be continued.)

Musa TEXTILIS.

We are sure the following account, by Thomas Mc. Micking, Esq»
lately of Manila, of the manufacture of a fibre called Manila
Hemp,* afforded by a species of Plantain (Musa teatilis), and
which is now imported into this country in large quantities,
be read with interest. It is extracted from a paper read before
the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, February 1848, and kindly
communicated to us by W. Gourlie, Esq. 7

* At first sight the Plantain tree from which the Manila Hemp
is made, appears not to differ from other Muse. The fruit 15
eaten, but is small, hardly exceeding two inches in length, when the
seeds arrive at complete ripeness, The uses of this variety of Plantain
are great : from it are manufactured ropes, cable, and woven cloth o

EA very beautiful show] made’ of this attic, and ebundanée of thé de i8 ^
ferent states, are deposited in the Museum of the Royal Gardens of Kew. .——

g

MANILA HEMP. 269

extreme fineness. For these purposes they fell the tree by the
root, or close to the ground, and cut off the upper extremity or
head at the time when it is about to produce fruit, removing
also the leaves.

The layers of the tree or plant are torn off one by one; and
the fine skin from their inner surface is removed with a knife,
which every Manila man carries in a sheath in the waist-string of
his trowsers, like many of our sailors. The layer or roll, when
stripped of its skin on the inner surface, is torn into strips of about
two finger’s breadth. One of these strips is placed on a plank or
rude table, the inner skinless surface next the table, on which it.
is pressed by the sharp edge of a knife; of course the knife may
be held by the hand; but an easier way is to fasten it to the table
with a string, where the blade joins the handle, and the end of the
handle being pressed up by a piece of bent bamboo, performing
the office of a spring, the sharp edge presses against the outer or
skinned surface of the strip on the table, with sufficient force to
cut through the soft fleshy substance, though not so strongly

. as to wound or sever the stringy fibre. The layer or strip of the
plant being held down to the table by the sharp knife-edge, the
workman grasps the end next him and pulls it towards him: I
can best explain the degree of force necessary, by saying, that when I
tried it I had to exert my strength, an easy pull did not suffice. The
pulpy substance remains on the side of the knife away from the
workman, who draws the clean fibre towards him. When entirely
pulled through, he changes it, end for end, grasping the cleaned
fibre and drawing towards him underneath the knife the portion
first held in his hand, which in like manner on being pulled
towards him becomes cleaned fibre. If not sufficiently cleared,
the process is repeated a second time, which however is unusual.
The specimen of hemp now produced is long, and well cleaned,
consequently of good quality. It was made in my presence
and partly with my own hands on the occasion described. The
hemp of commerce is often shorter, from the convenience (for
carriage &e.) of cutting the stem of the Musa plant into two
or more: lengths; rather than keeping it so long as felled.

. VOL. vi. 26

270 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

The hemp is also often matted, from portions of the pulp sub-
stance or skin remaining with the fibre, by the carelessness or
unskilfulness of the workman. The portions when cleaned are hung
for an hour or two to dry; if in the open air on any branch of a
tree, within reach of the operator’s hands ; if in a house, on a peg
in the wall: no further preparation is necessary for the ordinary
Manila hemp of commerce. The production of a day’s work of
three persons, probably not working hard, is ordinarily about 14lbs.

Of the fibres thus prepared some are fine and fit for bemg
woven: these the women select, separate, and roll up tightly into a
ball as big as a child’s head, which is placed in the wooden mortar,
of which there is one in every house for husking rice, and is
pounded for some time with the wooden pestle. This operation
renders the hemp-thread flexible and less liable to break ; after
which the ends are knotted together by women and girls, to form à
continuous thread. The weaving process is the same as for Cotton
fabrics. In weaving fime hemp cloth, the wind is apt to break
the threads, if not under shelter. The cloth when woven is placed
for a day and night in water, with a little lime made from the sea- .
shells, and afterwards washed and stretched out. The price paid
to the actual producers of the hemp must be very low; because it
has to be collected in small quantities from house to house, and
transported, chiefly on horseback, through a country whose roads
are few and bad. Tts selling price is commonly about 11s. or 125.
per cwt. at the outports, whence it is conveyed by coasting
craft to Manila. At Manila the hemp is screwed into well-shaped
bales, measuring about ten cubic feet, and weighing 280 lbs. each,
which is the form in which it appears as merchandise. The screw
is a worm, worked like the capstan of a ship, which in descending
forces the hemp into a strong wooden box, the upper portions of
which are taken to pieces as the hemp is forced down.

The price at Manila, in bales ready for shipment, is usually
about 18s. or 20s. per cwt. The quantity exported annually
is about 5,000 tons weight; of which about two-thirds or three-
fourths go to the United States, and the remainder chiefly to this
country, where its consumption appears to be increasing.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 271

North-American Botany.

The distinguished and veteran botanist and traveller, Nuttall,
has recently returned from another visit to America, where he has
again happily been engaged in furthering the cause of Botany in
the New World. While at Philadelphia, he inspected a collection
of plants recently made by Mr. Gambel, during some extensive
travels between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific. Unfortu-
nately that portion gathered between the Missouri and Santa Fé
was wholly lost ; or, at any rate, was committed to the charge of a
person who never delivered itat its place of destination. The existing
collection consists of about three hundred and fifty species, and
was made on the route from Santa Fé to California. Among
them are plants of considerable interest, especially some obtained
on the island of Catalina, off the coast of San Pedro: and in par-
ticular a shrubby Scrophularinea, with rather large, tubular,
bright scarlet flowers (Gambelia, Nutt.), somewhat allied to Gat-
vesia, Ruiz and Pav., and another shrubby plant, of dubious affi-
nity, 4—5 feet high, with cuneate, small, entire, alternate leaves, and
white flowers, not very unlike those of Pœony, as large as apple-
blossoms; but its striking character consists in the presence of
an arillus, forming a cup around the seeds, torn into so copious a
fringe, that, on first opening the capsule, the seeds seem almost to
be wrapped in tow. Of this collection Mr. Nuttall has described
more than one hundred of the new or hitherto unrecorded species,
which we believe will appear in the ‘Transactions of the Academy
of Natural Science of Philadelphia. Mr. Nuttall brings word
that the North American Flora of Messrs. Torrey and Gray is
about to be continued immediately, and this is welcome intelli-
gence to every botanist. |

262

273 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Opuscula Omnia Botanica Thoma Jounsoni, Pharmaceutice
Societatis Londinensis Soci) :—nuperrime edita a J. S. RALPH.
Londini ; sumptibus Guliel. Pamplin, 1847.

This is an accurate reprint of the tracts of Dr. Thomas Johnson,
of whom but little is now known save from his writings, and as the
editor of the second edition of Gerard’s Herbal in 1633. He was
killed, says Sir James E. Smith, on the authority of Wood, while
fighting in the Royal cause in 1644. The name is commemorated
by Mr. Brown, in the beautiful and graceful Johnsonia (J. lupulina)
of New Holland.

Mr. Ralph has rendered service to botanists in putting a re-
print of these Opuscula within their reach ; though we think the
usefulness of the work would have been increased if the modern
names of the plants had been given in the catalogue of species.
The first pamphlet is entitled “Iter Plantarum Investigationis
ergo susceptum a decem Sociis, in Agrum Cantianum. Anno
Dom. 1629. Julii 13. Ericetum Hamstedianium, sive Plan-
tarum ibi erescentium observatio," &c. The second describes
similar excursions and in the same localities, in 1632. The third
is entitled * Mercurius Botanicus, sive Plantarum gratia suscepti
itineris, Anno 1634, Descriptio. Cum earum nominibus Latinis
et Anglicis," &e. This catalogue is alphabetically arranged and
seems to relate to plants in the south and west of England ;—and
is followed, fourthly, by the * Therme» Bathonicæ,” or an account

+

of the properties, use, &c., of the Bath-waters, accompanied by a 7 j*
diagram of the city, and of the Baths as they existed in 1694: _

X

and, lastly, we have “ Mercurii Botanici Pars altera," &c. or an UN
account of a botanical journey into Wales. These Opuscula are —
the result of perhaps the earliest botanical excursions on record,

(undertaken about 200 years ago). n. g :

MOSSES FROM THE COAST OF CHINA. 273

Mosses collected by T. ANDERSON, Esq. Surgeon of H.M.S. Plover,
on the Coast, from Chusan to Hong-Kong; Dec. 1845, to
March, 1846. By W. Wizson, Esa.

(with a Plate. Tax. X.)

1. Phascum crispum. On earth-banks, Sam-Sa Bay.

2. Physcomitrium acuminatum, Br. and Schimp., Bryol. Europ.
Moist shady bank opposite Hong-Kong, Sam-Sa Bay, Chusan.
3. Hedwigia ciliata, Br. and Schimp. (Anictangium, Hook. and

Tayl.) On rocks at Pih-quan.

4. The same. Rocks in the mountains, Chusan.

5. Tortula muralis.

6. Tortula unguiculata, var.

7. Weissia controversa, var.

8. Trichostomum inflexum, Br. and Schimp. (F) Specimens un-
ripe. On banks, Chusan.

9. Fissidens, not bryoides, leaves not margined. Specimen im-
perfect, and unfit for examination.

10. F. adiantoides. :

ll. F. nobilis, Griffith, Musci Assam. Moist hedge-bank, oppo-
site Hong-Kong ; near Buffalo Bay.

12. Dicranum glaucum.

13. Thysanomitrium Richardi, Schwaegr. (?) No fruit. Rocks
among the mountains, Chusan.

14. Didymodon proscriptus, Hornsch. (?) var. seta duplo vel triplo
longiore.—In habit this Moss is a Zrichostomum, but the peris-
tome is that of Dicranum. It is closely allied to D. longirostris.
Moist shady banks opposite Hong-Kong.

15. The same. On the ground on a mountain top, Tung-zan.

16. Trematodon longicollis. On a granite rock near the Canton
Bazaar, Hong-Kong.

17. Maeromitrium fuscescens, Schwaegr. Suppl. t. 190. On rocks
along the coast.

18. M. Mooreroftii, var. capsule ore non plicato.—On rocks in a
tea plantation, Tung-zan.
| VOL. VII. 9n

274 MOSSES FROM THE

19. M. involutifolium, var. capsula breviore, siccitate lævi.—On
rocks and on trunks of trees, &c., Chusan.

20. Ptychomitrium, Br. and Schimp. (?) (vel Nofarisia ?) allied to
Pt. polyphyllum, but the sete and the leaves are considerably
shorter. Capsule ovate, erect. Peristome composed of six-
teen broad cribrose teeth, scarcely cloven. Calyptra absent,
but said to be dimidiate and hirsute. On wet stones in a glen,
Sam-Sa Bay.

21. Bryum argenteum.

22. B. capillare, var. (P) Specimen imperfect. Leaves less twisted
when dry than is proper to this species. Moist rocks in the
mountains, Pih-quan.

23. B. truncorum, Bridel. B. Aubert, Montagne, in * Musci
Nilgherienses.” Moist places in the mountains, Chusan. Of
this Moss there is no published figure, and Brywm Auberti of
Schwaegrichen has, by himself, and by Hornsch. in Fl. Bra-
siliensis, been confounded with a Brasilian Moss more nearly
allied to B. erythrocaulon, Schwaegr. but distinct from it in the
spinoso-serrate leaves. The true B. Auberti has the stem
densely covered with radicles, and the leaves when dry are
widely-spreading, opaque and coriaceous.

24. Mnium affine, var. y. rugieum, Br. and Schimp. (?) foliis sic-
citate vix crispatis perichætialibus longioribus angustis.— This
is not much unlike M. cuspidatum, but the inflorescence is
dioicous. Moist shaded bank in a glen, Pih-quan Island.

. 95. Mnium radiatum, (n. sp.) Dioicum: caule gracili apice
ramoso, ramis verticillatis patentibus, foliis lanceolatis denticu-
latis, margine recurvis submarginatis solidinerviis (dorso spinu-
losis) patulo-incurvis siccitate intortis, perichætialibus con-
formibus, capsula pendula, operculo hemisphærico-conico.
(Tab. X. A.)

Has. Moist shaded bank in a glen, Pih-quan Island.

Stems an inch and more in height, slender, with a single whorl
of slender, spreading branches just below the flowering apex, as
in the Bridelian genus Pdilonotis. Leaves narrow, dark green,
scattered, incurved, especially when dry, in which state the Moss

COAST OF CHINA. 275

has a peculiar aspect. Male flower stellate, the perigonial leaves

wider and larger than the rest, widely spreading. It is interme-

diate between M. stellare and M. orthorhynchum, most allied to
the former, and in its ramification approaches to BrywmMen-
ziesii, Hooker, which is also a Minium.

Tas, X. A. Fig. 1, 2, Plants; nat. size; f. 3, 4, leaves; f. 5, trans-
verse section of a leaf; f. 6, apex of a leaf; f. 7, perigonial leaf :
—magnified.

26. Bartramia rigida, Br. and Schimp. var. gracilis. In a marsh
on the hills, Pih-quan Island.

27. Polytrichum angustatum, var. Wall tops and dry banks,
Chusan.

28. Polytrichum tortile, var. foliis angustioribus. “ P. contortum,
Menz.” Harvey, in * Musci Indici," not Schwaegr. Foliage,
when dry, reddish-brown. Perhaps a distinct species.—On the
ground, in a copse-wood at Chusan.

29. Leskea fragilis, Hook. and Wils. in Drummond, Musc.
Americ. No. 101. Same as the next of that work (n. 102.),
of which it is the barren state, and hitherto known only without
fruit. On dry banks, Chusan.

30. Anomodon fragilis, (n. sp.) Caule repente, ramis suberectis
incurvis brevibus gracillimis parce ramulosis, foliis ovato-acumi-
natis subinde ovato-lingulatis obtusis squarrosis fragilibus sic-
citate appressis evanidinerviis perichætialibus longioribus ovato-
lingulatis, seta perbrevi, capsula suberecta, operculo brevirostre,
calyptra pilosa. (Tab. X. B.)

Has. On the trunk of an old tree, Chusan.

Fertile plant much more dwarfish than the supposed barren
state (No. 29), not more than half an inch long ; the leaves also,
except a few at the extremity of the branches, are scarcely ligu-
late; they agree, however, in the dull glaucous hue, granular tex-
ture, and being appressed when dry, the branches become very
slender. Seta two lines long, smooth. Vaginula hairy. Peri-
chætial leaves erect. Peristome (scarcely intelligible in our
unripe specimen) with sixteen outer teeth, sometimes bifid and
traces of internal cilia of the same length. Annulus simple.

2H 2

276 MOSSES FROM THE

Spores small. Operculum shorter than the capsule, conico-rostel-

late. Calyptra reddish-brown, hairy, very small.— Dioicous ?

It has some affinity with A. viticulosus, and its allies. The calyptra
connects it with Lasia of Bridel. It is smaller than L. subcapillata,
and is not easily to be confounded with any described species.
Tas. X. B. Fig. 1, Plants, nat. size; f. 2, 3, portions of a plant;

the latter with capsules, accompanied by operculum and

calyptra; f. 4-9, leaves; f. 10, perichætium ; f. 11, portions
of peristome :—all more or less magnified.

30. Pterogonium lacum, (n. sp.) Caule repente parce ramoso,
ramis brevibus vagis, foliis laxis subdistichis subsecundis ellip-
tico-lanceolatis seminerviis, perichætialibus minoribus erectis
acuminatis, seta brevissima levi, capsula ovata suberecta, oper-
culo brevirostro, calyptra pilosiuscula. (Tab. X. E.)

Has. With the last, on old trees, Chusan.

In size and appearance very similar to the figure of Anomodon
Grateloupii, Montagne (Ann. Sc. Nat. Aug. 1845, p. 100.), but
different as to the peristome and calyptra, and the leaves not acu-
minated. It belongs to Lasia of Bridel. A very minute species.
Stems an inch long, creeping, leafy. Leaves not crowded, con-
cave, minutely serrulate, perichætial leaves nerved half-way. Seta
not two lines in length, flexuose. Vaginula slightly hairy. Oper-
culum shorter than the ovate capsule, conico-rostellate, as in £no-
modon Grateloupi. Annulus obscure. A rudimentary inner
peristome is present. Spores rather large, greenish. Inflores-
cence monoicous.

Tas. X. E. Fig. 1, Plant; nat. size; f. 2, portion of ditto and
calyptra; f. 3, leaf; f. 4, perichætium and leaf; f. 5, peris-
tome :—magnified. ;

31. Neckera dendroides. Without fruit. Shaded bank on Cow-
Loon side, Hong-Kong, Sam-Sa Bay. Appears to have grown
on a tree.

32. Neckera Beyrichii, Schwaegr. (?) var. foliis acuminatis. Pos-
sibly a different species, but the characters very obscure. On
a dry shaded rock, Pih-quan Island.

33 and 34. Thesame. On old walls and trees, Chusan.

COAST OF CHINA. 271

35. Neckera macropoda, Hedw. Without fruit. Trunk of a
tree, Sam-Sa Bay.

36. Hypnum microcarpum, Hook. var. Caule longiore, ramosiore,
capsula elliptica pendula. Moist upland ground, Hong-Kong.

37. H. microphyllum, Swartz. var. capsula minore, brevi. On
stones among trees, opposite Hong-Kong.

38. The same. Dry shaded places among stones, Chusan.

39. The same. On stones in the Old Fort, Tung-zan.

40. H. populeum, Tung-zan Inlet.

41. H. prelongwm, var. Near Buffalo Bay.

42. H. concinnum, (n. sp.) Caule repente, ramis erectis subin-
curvis simplicibus, foliis imbricatis rotundis concavis subapicu-
latis basi margine reflexis decurrentibus seminerviis crenulatis
perichætialibus lanceolato-acuminatis. (Tab. X. C.)

Tas. X. C. Fig. 1, Sterile plant, nat. size; f. 2, ee
f. 3, 4, leaves :—magnified.

Has. On an old wall, Chusan. |
Closely allied to H. obtusifolinm, Hook. (in Drummond Musc.

Americ. No. 193.), but in that species the leaves are wider at
the base, obtuse, entire, not decurrent nor reflexed in the margin,
the nerve longer and stronger, and the areolæ narrower. H. con-
cinnum has the branches about an inch long, growing in the
manner of Leucodon sciuroides, fertile ones thickened upwards,
the rest attenuated. Colour of the foliage pale green and rather
glossy.—Dioicous. (?)

43. Hypnum neckeroides, var. Neckera subserrata, Harvey in
“ Musci Indici," without fruit. Moist places among rocks, near
Buffalo Bay.

44. A smaller state of the next. Moist banks in the moina
along the coast.

45. Hypnum plumaforme, (n. sp.) Caule elongato erecto pin-
natim ramoso, ramis brevibus patentibus, foliis falcato-secundis
plus minus patentibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis serrulatis
subenerviis, perichætialibus longioribus erectis attenuatis, seta
longissima, capsula cernua arcuata cylindrica, o conico-
apiculato, (Tab. X. D.)

278 NEW CRYPTOGAMIC PLANTS

Has. In a marsh at Tung-zan, on the borders of a Paddy-field.
Stem six inches long, resembling that of H. Crista-Castrensis,

but the branches are less numerous, and the leaves not striate. It

is intermediate between that species and H. pratense, Koch. Seta
three inches long. Calyptra reddish in this specimen, but whitish
in No. 44, which is a smaller state of the species. It differs from

H. cupressiforme, in the decidedly serrulate leaves and much

curved capsule.—Dioicous. (?)

Tas. X. D. Fig. 1, Plant ; nat. size; f. 2, 3, 4, leaves; f. 5, peri-
chætium ; f. 6, capsula :—magnified.

46. Hypnum scaturigenum, Schwaegr. Suppl. I. vol. ii. p. 197. (?):
A very large aquatic state, without fruit. Stems four inches
long and much branched. This Moss may be the same
species as Hookeria prelonga, Arnott, (Diss. Meth.), and pos- -
sibly, also, Hypnum vesiculare, Schwaegr. The leaves are ovate,
obliquely acuminate, entire (not serrulate and acuminato-pili-
form, as Bridel describes them), and the areole large and
rhomboid. In a pond at Chusan.

[The paragraph beginning with “This very curious moss,” and the » rerit
given at the bottom of p. 91 (of this volume), belong to Tab. I. B., as given at p. 27,
and not to Tab. IV. A., which should read thus :—

Tag. IV. A. Fig. 1, Plant; zat. size; f. 2, portion of a fertile plant; f. 3, 1,
perichætia with capsule with calyptra ; f. 4, portion of a plant with mature capsule ;
f. 5, perichætium and mature capsule; f. 6, portion of a male plant; f. 7, 8, cau-

line leaves; f. 9, single leaf; f. 10, apex of ditto; f. 12.:—all more or less mag-
nified.]—Ep.

On the Specifie Characters of certain new Cryptogamic Plants,
lately received from, and collected by, Proressor WILLIAM
JAMESON, on Pichincha, near Quito. By the late THomas
Taytor, M.D.

The following species equal in interest and curiosity any of
the preceding sent by the indefatigable and acute Professor
of Quito. They who consider attention paid to such minute
objects a trifling with time, should recollect, that a moss is as

FROM QUITO. 279

much a species as a man, and the work of the same divine Creator ;
also, that the attentive study of the little leads to the discovery of
general laws applicable to the great; and that the knowledge of
such laws arms the mind and the hand with power convertible to
the highest purposes of life.

Gymnostomum, Hedw.

1. G. Jamesoni, Tayl. Monoicum. Caule cæspitoso, erecto, sub-
simplici; foliis arcte imbricatis, concavis, erectis, ovato-lanceo-
latis, marginatis, subdenticulatis, nervo excurrente; seta sur-
culis duplo longiori ; capsula erecta, ex strumosa angusta basi
cylindrica, levi; operculo longius tenuirostro; calyptra apice
opaca coriacea, basi pellucida. :

On Pichincha; near the limits of perpetual snow. 5th July,
1847. Prof. W. Jameson.

Tufts yellowish-green, scarcely half an inch high. Margins of
the leaves incurved. True annulus or peristome none; but an
annular, jagged, pale membrane may be observed within the mouth
of the capsule. Lid with a slender beak. Calyptra in opacity
and dark brown colour resembles that of some of the Polytricha.
Perichætial leaves like the cauline. Below the base of the peri-
chetium, in a cavity indented in the stem, are seen numerous linear
anthers on slender bases and with wider tops, sometimes consisting
of two series of cells. No paraphyses occur either with the anthers
or the pisti//a. We know of no Gymnostomum to which we may
compare the present. It has neither the calyptra of a Physcomi-
trion, nor the persistent operculum of a Voitia, to which last,
however, it approaches in habit.

2. G. acidotum, Tayl. Monoicum. Caule cæspitoso, surculis
erectis, subsimplicibus, basi nudis, apice complanatis ; foliis
arcte imbricatis, erectiusculis, lanceolatis, longius acuminatis,
subintegerrimis, grosse cellulosis, marginibus ad apices incurvis ;
seta apice subincurva, scabriuscula ; capsula obovata, operculo
planiusculo.

On Pichincha; near the limits of perpetual snow. Prof. W.
Jameson. 5th July, 1847.

280 NEW CRYPTOGAMIC PLANTS

Stems scarcely a quarter of an inch high. Shoots brownish-
red below, pale green above, from a narrow naked base en-
larging into a broad flattish top closely set with leaves. Male
flowers on the summits of short branches on the same shoot as the
female. Anthers jointed. No paraphyses observed. Calyptra
dimidiate, not swelled at the base as in Physcomitrion. Gymaos-
tomum Bonplandii, Hook., found on the tops of the same Andes,
differs by the smaller size, wider leaves, straighter and shorter seíz,
and by its more distinctly apophysate capsules.

Dipymopvon, Hedw.

1. D. crinalis, Tayl. Caule elongato, flexuoso, laxe cæspitoso;
ramis erectis; foliis laxe imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, ex ob-
longa vaginante basi elongate setaceis, summo apice dentatis,
nervo percurrente; capsula parum inclinata, subæquali, cylin-
draceo-ovata; operculo elongate conico.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Tufts three inches high, pale green. Leaves slightly secund.
An annulus is present. Peristome of sixteen filiform teeth united
in pairs at their bases. Closely allied to Cynontodium flewicaule,
Schwaeg., differing by the elongated and oblong sheathing bases
of the leaves, by their longer setaceous summits being distinctly
dentate, by the more bushy tops of the shoots, and by the sheath-
ing part of the perichætial leaves being oblong and angulate at
the top.

2. Didymodon (?) Pichinchensis, Tayl. Caule laxe caspitoso,
erecto, apice prolifero; surculis simplicibus apice incrassatis ;
foliis arcte imbricatis, squarroso-recurvis, ovatis, acutis, flexuosis,
margine tumenti-recurvis nervoque pellucido excurrente serru-
latis, immarginatis; perichztiis minoribus; capsula erecta, mM-
eequali, operculo tenuiter longirostro.

On Pichincha; near the limits of perpetual snow. Prof: W.
Jameson. 5th July, 1847.

Tufts about an inch and a half high, rusty brown beneath, pale
green above. Perichætium terminal; from its base usually one,
sometimes two, simple annual shoots arise. Leaves with minute,

FROM QUITO. 281

may be here observed that Bridel erroneously refers Didymodon
squarrosus, Hook., to his own Trichostomum squarrosum.

Dicranum, Hedw.

l. D. planinervium, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso, subsimplici ; foliis
imbricatis secundis apice falcatis, ex lata triangulari basi lineari-
subulatis, integerrimis, nervo latissimo percursis ; capsula incli-
nata, inzequali, ovata; operculo brevirostro.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Tufts about one inch high, light green above, brownish beneath.
Leaves scarcely amplexicaul, their nerve often indistinct, always
filling up the acuminated parts. ^ Peristome of sixteen bifid,
barred teeth, whose segments are alternately unequal. In Dicra-
num suulatum, Hedw., the tufts are of a yellow colour and much
shorter, the nerves of the leaves are distinctly defined and their
tops are more setaceous, while the lid has a longer beak, and the
capsule is shorter and wider.

2. D. campylophyllum, Tayl. Caule cæspitoso ; surculis subsim-
plicibus, erectis; foliis subdistantibus, ex oblonga arcte vagi-
nante basi elongate subulatis, integerrimis, nervo tenui percursis,
apice flexuoso incurvis; capsula ovata, erecta, subæquali ;
operculo rostrato.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Tufts nearly two inches high, pale green above. The sheath of
the leaves has its margin at the top slightly reflexed; the subu-
late portion departs at a considerable angle from the stem, and is
three times as long as the sheath; it is most minutely crenulate
at the point from the projection of its cells. Capsule without any
apophysis: teeth of the peristome sixteen, dark red, barred,
divided half-way down into unequal /acimie. Lid scarcely as long
as the capsule. From Dicranum vaginatum, Hook., which has
likewise been collected by Professor Jameson on Pichincha, the
present differs by the teeth of the peristome being far less deeply
divided, by the more elongated points of the leaves, and by the
shorter and more equal capsules. Dicranum Jamesoni, Tayl., is

VOL VII. 9:1

282 NEW CRYPTOGAMIC PLANTS

distinguished by the struma at the base of the more curved capsules
and by the serrulate summits of the leaves.

Lrucopon, Schwaeg.

1. L. scabrisetus, Tayl. Caule procumbente, subpinnatim ramoso ;
surculis erectis, nitidis, teretibus ; foliis arcte imbricatis, erectis,
concavis, cordatis longius acuminatis, serrulatis, basi uninerviis,
striatis ; seta scabra; capsula erecta, lineari-oblonga; operculo
elongato-conico.

On Pichincha; near the limits of perpetual snow. Prof. W.

Jameson. 5th July, 1847. `
Lower branches sometimes flagelliform and creeping, the upper

scarcely half an inch high, the younger pale yellowish and shining.

Leaves closely adpressed, even when wetted. Peristome of six-

teen equidistant, lanceolate, pale teeth, marked in the avis with a

faint opaque line. Capsule very slightly inclined. Differs from

L. tomentosus, Hook., by the absence of dense down at the bases

of the branches, by the scabrous seta, by the wider teeth of the

peristome, and by the broader leaves.

BRACHYMENIUM, Schwaeg.

1. B. Jamesoni, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, erecto, subramoso ;
surculis basi rufescenti-tomentosis; foliis imbricatis, erecto- -
patentibus, subsecundis, late ovato-lanceolatis, marginatis, ser-
rulatis, nervo ante apicem evanescente; seta elongata, levi;
capsula erectiuscula, elliptico-cylindracea, levi; operculo elon-
gato-conico, obtuso.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Shoots flattish, pale green, about two inches high. Leaves
marginate, but plane at the margins, slightly concave. No
male flowers observed. Outer peristome of sixteen equidistant
teeth, opaque and reddish below, pellucid and white above; inner,
a coloured membrane with sixteen folds, terminating irregularly-
Capsules nearly two lines long. This rivals the noble B. Nepa-
lense, Schwaeg. The lid, however, is longer ; the leaves have their
nerves disappearing before their points, and when dry, are not so
much twisted ; besides, there is no apophysis to the capsule.

FROM QUITO. 283

Hookerra, Smith.

1. H. papillata, Tayl. Caule laxe cæspitoso, decumbente, sub-
pinnato ; foliis imbricatis, subpatentibus, deorsum heteromallis,
concavis, late oblongis, obtusis, lineari-apiculatis, denticulatis,
dorso papillosis, nervis binis evanescentibus ; capsula oblonga,
obconice apophysata; operculo rostrato; seta summo apice
scabriuscula. |

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Stems three to four inches long; shoots pale green, sometimes
yellowish-brown; the longer branches incurved. Leaves very
concave, vaulted at the top, hence a shoulder appears on each side
of the base of the suddenly elongated apieudus ; the nerves opaque
and brownish. Inner peristome with sixteen perforate Zacinie,
without any interposed cilie. Setæ nearly two inches long, deep
red. Operculum with an opaque conical base, but the rostrum is
constructed of a thin scariose membrane which is at length
shrivelled. A Brazilian species, which we have by favour of Sir
William Hooker, is so nearly allied to this, that some botanists
may consider it the same: this last is Hookeria mollis of
Mr. Wilson’s MSS., and seems different by the shorter and more
pellucid nerves of the leaves, by the leaves, themselves, being more
erect, by the shorter sete, by the ovate capsules, wider at their
bases, and by the wider branches.

Dazronra, Hook. et Tayi.

1. D. Jamesoni, Tayl. Monoica. Caule dense cæspitoso, erecto,
subsimplici; surculis subcompressis; foliis arcte imbricatis,
erectis, late ovatis, acuminatis, medio uniplicatis, nervo evanes-
cente, marginatis, integerrimis, grosse cellulosis; seta scabra;
capsula erecta, subæquali, ovata; operculo longirostro, subin-
clinato; calyptra basi dense laciniata.

On Pichincha; near the limits of perpetual snow. Prof. W.
Jameson. July, 1847.

Pale yellowish-green. Stems furnished with red branched vidi
below, about one inch high, sometimes dichotomous; branches
erect, adpressed, flattened, scarcely wider at their summits. Leaves

212

284 NEW CRYPTOGAMIC PLANTS

little altered in position when moistened, flexuose, very wide, their
tops incurved ; they have along the nerve a remarkably close fold
resembling a wing, which can scarcely be opened without breaking
the leaf; the margins of the leaves are reflexed. The top of
the calyptra is scabrous and dark brown. Perigonia minute, with
but few leaves, of which the inner are nerveless and obtuse. Outer
peristome of sixteen linear-lanceolate teeth; inner of as many
filiform pale cie. The stems are more elongated, more equal in
thickness, the leaves are far wider, and the calyptra more com-

pound at the base than in D. splachnoides, H. et T.

2. D. longifolia, Tayl. Monoica. Caule erecto, laxe cæspitoso,
subramoso; surculis subcompressis, apice latioribus ; foliis im-
bricatis, erecto-patentibus, flexuosis, lineari-lanceolatis, canali-
culatis, nervo evanescente, marginatis, margine pellucido, plano,
integerrimo, dense cellulosis; seta scabra; capsula oblongo-
ovata, erecta, subæquali; operculo longirostro; calyptra bast
dense laciniata. :

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. Feb., 1847.

Bright yellowish-green, somewhat shining, about half an inch
high; branches subdichotomous, wider at their tops. Leaves
somewhat more patent when moistened, their tops acuminate, flat
and nerveless; their cells very minute. Inner perichætial leaves
acuminate and nerveless. The length of the leaves and their dense
structure are distinctive.

Criroscyraus. Corda.

1. C. fragitifolius, Tayl. . Caule elongato, laxe cæspitoso, procum-
bente, subramoso ; foliis imbricatis, supremis secundis, erecto-
patentibus, quadrato-obovatis, antice gibbosis, integerrimis,
margine dorsali decurrentibus; stipulis liberis, minutis, ovato-
lanceolatis, bipartitis, segmentis extrorsum unidentatis ; peri-
.goniis breviter spicatis, subterminalibus.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Tufts two inches long, lurid brown. Leaves fragile when wet ;
the margins of the upper incurved, of the lower plane. From

C. Jivido-brunneus, Mont.. MSS., this is know by the minuter

FROM QUITO. 285

cells of the leaves, and from C. integrifolius, L. ve L., by the sti-
pules free of the leaves.

Denproceros, Nees.

1. D. Jamesoni, Tayl, Pedunculo longe exserto ; calyce elongato.
apice hine fisso, crispato; fronde ecostata, laciniato-lobata,
marginibus minute crispato-lobulatis, seminibus muricatis; ela- -
terum helice duplici.

On Pichincha Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

Fronds dark green, black when dry; about two inches wide.
Lobes broadly linear, convex, their tops crenulato-lobulate ; desti-
tute of mid-rib. Calyces half an inch long, linear, their tops
crenulato-lobulate. Peduncle nearly as long as the capsule, or
about one inch. Columella hair-like. Seeds muriculate. D. cris-
patus, Hook., differs by the dichotomous and costate fronds, by
the shorter peduncles, by the wider capsules and smooth seeds.

Baomyces, Ach.

1. B. Jamesoni, Tayl. Thallo cartilagineo, laciniato-lobato, albido,
subtus concolore, pruinoso, tenui, lobulis linearibus; gemmis
squamatis, rotundatis, planis; podetiis elongate obconicis, stri-
atis, dilute coloratis; apotheciis convexis, subundulatis, immar-
ginatis, pallide roseis.

On Pichincha. Prof. W. Jameson. 8th Aug., 1847.

About one inch wide, growing on Musci. Podetia nearly half
an inch long. Buds on all the podetia expanding into thalli.
Some of the filaments in the Zamina proligera moniliate, more are
inarticulate. This species yields a fine yellow dye. The cartila-
ginous ZZa//us contradicts the Acharian character, in other respects
ours may be mistaken for B. roseus, Ach.

286 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Contributions towgrds a Fuora or BRaziL, being the distinctive
characters of some new species of Comvosrrz, belonging to the
tribe Sexecionineæ. By Grorce Garpner, Esq. F.LS.,
Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.

(Continued from p. 90.)

RIENCOURTIA, Cass.

3280. R. latifolia ; foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis vel oblongo-lan-
ceolatis acutis basi obtusis acute serratis 3-vel 5-nerviis utrinque
piloso-scabridis, capitulis plurimis in glomerulos terminales
collectis bracteatis, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis extus
dense piloso-hispidis, capitulis 8-9-floris, involucri squamis
4 obovatis obtusissimis mucronatis ad apicem ciliatis.

Has. Dry Campos near Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Dec.
1839.

Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, 11-24 pedales,
parum ramosæ, hispidæ, foliose. Folia opposita, petiolata, ovato-
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, basi obtusa, 3—5-nervia,
nervis subtus prominulis, acute serrata, utrinque piloso-hispida,
3-31 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata: petioli 4 lin. longi, hispidi.
Pedunculi alati, elongati, striati, hispidi. Glomeruli subglobosi.
Capitula 2 lin. longa, monoica, 8-9-flora. Receptaculum parvum
nudum. Flores disci 7-8: corolla tubulosa, obtuse 5-dentata,
dentibus pilosis : antheræ inclusæ, basi subsagittatæ : styli compla-
nati, indivisi, inclusi, basi urceolo dentato cincti: achænia abor-
tiva, linearia, complanata, dense villosa, calva; radii unico,
femineo: corolla cylindrica, apice 3-dentata, dentibus pilosis;
styli rami duo exserti: achænia suborbiculata, compressa, villosa,
calva.

The characters of the only two species of this genus hitherto
published, as given by De Candolle, for I have no opportunity of
consulting Cassini's original descriptions, are too brief for me to
ascertain whether or not any of my four might be referred to one
or other of them. The genus is very closely allied to Clibadium.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 287

3279. R. oblongifolia ; foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis obtusis-
simis, mucronatis basi subcuneato-attenuatis supra medium
distanter serrato-dentatis triplinerviis utrinque adpressi-pilosis,
capitulis plurimis in glomerulos terminales collectis bracteatis,
bracteis ovatis acuminatis extus hispidis capitulis 9-floris, invo-
lucri squamis 4 obovatis obtusis mucronatis ad apicem ciliatis.

Has. Arid bushy places near Natividade, Province of Goyaz.
Dec., 1839.

Caules bipedales, adpresse pilose, ad apicem aphylle. Folia
2-22 poll. long, 6-71 lin. lata, membranacea, scabrida : petioli
l; lin. longi. Capitula 3 lin. longa.

3278. R. angustifolia; folis vix petiolatis linearibus utrinque
acutis integris vel distanter subdentatis triplinerviis utrinque
adpresse pilosis, capitulis ad apices ramulorum in glomerulos
subglobosos collectis bracteatis, bracteis lanceolatis longe acumi-
natis extus hispidis, capitulis 9-floris, involueri squamis 4 obo-
vatis obtusis mucronatis ad apicem ciliatis.

Has. Dry Campos near Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Dec., 1839.
Caules ramosæ, erectæ, sesquipedales, scabridæ, foliose. Folia

2-3 poll. longa, 2-3 lin. lata, scabrida, venis subtus valde promi-

nulis. Capitula 2 lin. longa.

4249. R. tenuifolia; folis sessilibus angustissimis margine revo-
lutis integris utrinque piloso-scabridis, capitulis plurimis in
glomerulos terminales solitarios subglobosos collectis bracteatis,
bracteis lanceolatis longe acuminatis extus hispidis, capitulis
8-floris, involucri squamis oblongis obtusis mucronatis ad apicem
ciliatis.

Has. Dry Campos near San Domingos, Province of Goyaz.
May, 1840. .

Caules ramosæ, bipedales, scabridæ, foliose. ^ Folia anguste
linearia, 1—2 poll. longa, semilineam lata. Capitula 3 lin. longa.

Metampopium, Jinn.
3844. M. (Zarabellia) paniculatum ; herbaceum erectum ramosum
glutinosum hirsutum, ramis dichotomis, folis sessilibus sub-
connatis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi acutis serrato-dentatis

288 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

supra piloso-scabris subtus piloso-pubescentibus, pedunculis

alaribus hirsutis folio plerumque longioribus, involucri squamis

exterioribus oblique subrotundis abrupte acuminatis dorso
villosis, interioribus achzenia involventibus tuberculatis, achæ-
niis curvato-obpyramidatis apice truncatis et nudis dorso
strictis.

Has. Near Villa de Arroyas, Province of Goyaz. April, 1840.

Geraës, Claussen.

Herba annua, erecta, bipedalis. Folia 2}—3 poll. longa, 9-12
lin. lata, triplinervia. Capitula 21 lin. longa. Flores radii 5, tubo
brevissimo villoso, limbo profunde inæqualiter bilobo. Achænia -
12 lin. longa.

As a species this will range along with M. oblongifolium, DC., .
and M. microcephalum, Less.

WEDELIA, Jacq.

3293. W. (Cyathophora) Goyazensis; caule herbaceo erecto tereti
striato hirsuto, foliis petiolatis ovatis acutis vel subacuminatis
basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis argute serratis triplinerviis
utrinque adpresse piloso-hispidis, pedicellis alaribus terminali-
busque villosis folio brevioribus, involucri squamis oblongo-
lanceolatis foliaceis disco longioribus hispidis ligulis acute
bidentatis, achzniis lineari-oblongis compressis pilosiuseulis
calyculo denticulato ciliato superatis.

Has. Bushy places near Villa de Natividade, Province of Goyaz-
Jan., 1840. ;
Herba basi suffruticosa, erecta, ramosa, 3-pedalis. Folia

31-41 poll. longa, 14—24 poll. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida.

Involucrum 9-12 lin. longum.

Judging from the description this species is near W. #richo-
stephia, DC. ; RA
3283. W. (Cyathophora) pallida; caule herbaceo tereti striato

hirsuto-hispido ramoso, ramis hirsutis, foliis sessilibus ovato-

oblongis acutis basi rotundatis serratis 5-nerviis supra scaber-
rimis subtus piloso-pubescentibus, pedicellis alaribus terminali-
busque villosis folio brevioribus, involucri squamis biseriatis,

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 289

exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis foliaceis piloso-hispidis

disco brevioribus, interioribus minoribus, acheniis turgidis

obpyramidatis rugoso-tuberculatis pilosiusculis calyculo sub-
stipitato integro superatis.

Has. Dry Campos near Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Dec.,
1539.

Herba perennis 2-3-pedalis. Folia 24-3 poll. longa, 12-18 lin.
lata. Involucrum 43 lin. longum. Ligule oblongæ, 3-dentatæ,
pallide luteæ.

This will range along with W. lanceolata, DC. The ligule are
of a pale yellowish-white colour, and the achænia are sometimes
obscurely three or four-sided.

1349 et 1730. W. (Actinoptera) villosa ; caule suffruticoso ramoso
tereti striato villoso, foliis petiolatis late ovatis acuminatis basi
truncatis serrato-dentatis triplinerviis supra adpresse piloso-
scabridis subtus piloso-pubescentibus, petiolis villosissimis,
pedicellis ad apices ramulorum 1-3 folio brevioribus vel inter-
dum longioribus villosis, involucri squamis exterioribus oblongis
acuminatis foliaceis disco paulo longioribus, intimis obovatis ,
aeutis ciliatis subbrevioribus, ligulis oblongis obscure 3-den-
tatis acheniis disci exalatis, radiis subtriangularibus, angulis
lateralibus alatis, pappo coroniformi dentato, dentibus acutis
ciliatis,

Has. Between Mexico and the city of Alagoas, Province of
Alagoas, April, 1838 (1349) ; and common in dry bushy places
about Crato, Province of Ceará, Nov., 1838 (1730).

Suffrutex 4—6-pedalis. Folia 4—51 poll. longa, 24-3 poll. lata.
Involuerum 6 lin. longum.

In the Alagoas specimens the pedicells are longer than in that
from Crato, otherwise they are not different.

2219. W. (Actinoptera) Hookeriana ; caule suffruticoso tereti
striato scabrido, foliis petiolatis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis acutis
vel acuminatis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis distanter
subserrato-dentatis triplinerviis supra adpresse piloso-scabridis
subtus piloso-pubescentibus, pedicellis e dichotomia et apice
ramorum 1-3 villosiuseulis folio paulo brevioribus, involucri
VOL. VII. 2K

290 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS

squamis exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis foliaceis mem-

branaceis ciliatis disco longioribus, interioribus obtusis brevi-

oribus ciliatis, ligulis oblongis obtuse bidentatis, achæntis disci

vix alatis, radii utrinque late alatis, pappo coroniformi ciliato.
Has. Moist bushy places near Santa Anna das Mercés, Province

of Piauhy. March, 1839.

Suffrutex sub-3-pedalis, ramosus. Folia 4 poll. longa, 15-20
lin. lata, subtus pallida. Involucrum 7 lin. longum.

ANOMOSTEPHIUM, DC.

4930. A. (verum) foliosum ; caule fruticoso erecto ramoso, ramis
teretibus striatis piloso-scabris, foliis oppositis sessilibus late
linearibus utrinque acutis penninerviis subserrato-dentatis
utrinque piloso-scabris, pedicellis ad apices ramulorum solitariis, -
involucri squamis 3-seriatis disco brevioribus, exterioribus ovato-
lanceolatis acuminatis adpresse pilosis apice foliaceis squarrosis,
paleis acuminatis, ligulis oblongis obtuse bidentatis, achæniis
oblongis villosiusculis pappo irregulari dentato piloso coronatis.

Has. Elevated open rocky places in the Diamond District. July,
1840.

Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia conferta, pollicaria, 14 lin. lata. Pedi-
celli 3-6 lin. longi. Involucrum 4 lin. longum. Capitulum
flavum, ligulis late oblongis, 4 lin. longis.

The genus Anomostephium seems made up of very incon-
gruous materials, it being probable that the four species which
De Candolle has placed in it are referable to as many diffe-
rent genera. The ligules are said in the generic character to be
neuter, but in A. duphthalmoides, DC., figured in Delessert’s
Icones, they are represented as female; and if correctly so, then
the plant is evidently a Medelia; while A.(?) oblongifolium, DO»,
seems to be a species of Viguiera, judging from his description of
the pappus of the immature achenia. In everything but the
pappus the present plant is a Leighia, which genus I now reduce
to a section of Viguiera.
4932 (bis). A. (dubia) angustifolium; caule subramoso erecto —

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 291

tereti hirto folioso, folis oppositis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis

utrinque attenuatis triplinerviis integris aut subdentatis utrinque

sparse villosis, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis hirsuto-villosis
folio longioribus, involucri squamis 2-seriatis, exterioribus
lineari-oblongis obtusis vel acutiusculis foliaceis laxis integris
subhirsutis disco longioribus, intimis linearibus acuminatis
membranaceis glabris, ligulis lineari-oblongis bidentatis, achæ-
niis oblongis compressis pilosiusculis pappo irregulari piloso-
dentato coronatis.

Has. Rare in dry open Campos at the foot of the Sierra de Pie-

dade, Province of Minas Geraés. Sept., 1840.

Herba perennis. Radix lignosa. Caules plures, vix pedales.
Folia 2 poll. longa, 3-44 lin. lata. Involucrum 7 lin. longum. .
Capitulum flavum, ligulis pollicem longis.

This plant is a Viguiera in everything but the want of the
elongated setæ ofthe pappus. `

Gyuxorsis, DC.

4929. G. fruticosa; fruticosa erecta ramosa, ramis teretibus
striatis adpresse piloso-hirtis ad apicem conferte foliatis, foliis
vix petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis penniveniis margine
integris revolutis supra sparse piloso-asperis subtus adpresse
tomentosis, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis hirsutis folio bre-
vioribus, involucri squamis 3-seriatis lineari-oblongis obtusis
subæqualibus laxis, exterioribus subfoliaceis hirsutis, intimis
glabriuseulis ciliatis coloratis, ligulis oblongis obtuse bidentatis,
achænüs junioribus linearibus villosis pappo calyculato integro
ciliato superatis.

Has. Summit of the Serra de Piedade, Province of Minas Geraës.
Sept., 1840.

Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia opposita, 12-15 lin. longa, 44 lin.
lata, supra viridia, subtus pallida, venis subtus prominulis. Capi-
tula 6 lin. longa, lutea.

. This plant seems to differ from the true species of Gymnopsis in

its fruticose habit, pennivenous leaves, and entire, not dentate,

2x2

292 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS

pappus; but these differences are not of sufficient importance to

separate it from the genus.

3846. G. Kunthiana; caule herbaceo erecto subramoso dense
piloso-pubescente, foliis petiolatis ovatis acutis basi truncato-
subcordatis trinerviis minute serrato-dentatis supra adpresse
pilosis subtus piloso-tomentosis, pedicellis terminalibus pilosis,
involucri squamis biseriatis, exterioribus oblongis obtusis
foliaceis disco longioribus, intimis membranaceis minoribus
ligulis obtuse bidentatis, achzniis obovatis obscure tetragonis
glabris pappo vix dentato brevissimo coronatis.

Has. Dry bushy places near Conceigao, Province of Goyaz.
Feb., 1840. ;

Herba perennis, 2~4-pedalis. Folia opposita, 3-5 poll. longa,

18-22 lin. lata: petioli 6-8 lin. longi. Capitula flava. ;
Near Gym. rudbeckioides, DC., but differs from it in being

erect, not twining, and in having terete, not angular, stems. The

ligules in the present species are, besides, more numerous.

3294. G. microcephala ; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso pubescente,
foliis petiolatis ovatis acutis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis
triplinerviis serratis utrinque sparse adpresse pilosis, pedicellis
terminalibus 2-3 folio multo brevioribus lanceolatis obtusis
foliaceis pilosis disco paulo longioribus, intimis minoribus,
ligulis obtuse bidentatis, achæniis obovatis pubescentibus demum
muricatis pappo coroniformi integro substipitato superatis.

Has. Road.sides and waste places, common near the Villa de
Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Jan., 1840.

Herba annua bipedalis. Folia opposita, 24 poll. longa, 12-15
lin. lata. Involucrum 33 lin. longum.

Wutria, Neck.

3295. W. suffruticosa; caule suffruticoso ramoso scandente, ramis
angulato-striatis scabris, foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis acum-
natis basi acutis grosse et argute serratis utrinque scabris,
pedicellis ternis ad apices ramorum et ramulorum, involueri

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 293

paleiformibus, paleis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis apice vix

incurvis, ligulis 8-12 involucro subduplo longioribus.

Has. Woods near Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Jan., 1840.
Suffrutex subscandens. Folia 34-53 poll. longa, 15-20 hn.

lata, subtus grosse reticulato-venosa, venis valde prominulis: petioli

5+7 lin, longi. Ligule oblonge obscure dentate, flavæ.

This comes nearer to W. maculata, DC. than to any other
described species, but differs from it in the stem not being tetra-
gonous, and in the shape of the leaves.

509 et 5525. W. longifolia; caule scandente hexagono scabro,
folis petiolatis ovato-oblongis longe acuminatis basi obtusis
serratis supra scabris subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, pedicellis
terminalibus ternis, pedicello medio breviore, involucri squamis
exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis hispidis, interioribus
paleiformibus, paleis lanceolatis apice pungentibus vix incurvis,
ligulis 8 circiter involucro duplo longioribus.

Has. Bushy places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of
about 3,000 feet, March, 1837 (n. 509); and at Jacaré near
Rio de Janeiro; Dec., 1840 (5525).

Herba basi sublignosa. Folia 6-8 poll. longa, 20-30 lin. lata,
supra viridia, subtus pallida, venosa, venis prominulis: petioli
8-10 lin. longi, villosi. Ligulæ oblongæ, obtuse, bidentatze, flavae.

Very distinet from any described species, but in its technical
characters coming nearest to W. oblongifolia, DC. The leaves in
n. 509 are less tomentose than in the other number.

OYEDAA, DC.

2216. O. angustifolia : ramis asperis villosis, foliis subsessilibus
anguste lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis utrinque acutis integris
triplinerviis utrinque adpresse piloso-scabris junioribus petio-
lisque sparse villosis, involueri squamis exterioribus oblongo-
lanceolatis aeutis foliaceis hirtis, interioribus minoribus mem-
" branaceis.

Has. Sandy Campos 1 near the city of Oeiras, Province of Piauhy.
April, 1839.

Herba basi sublignosa. Caules plures ex eadem radice, decum-

294 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS

bentes, sesquipedales, ramosæ. Folia opposita, 14-2 poll. longa,
3-6 lin. lata. Pedicelli terminales, 4-5 poll. longi, villosi. Invo-
lucrum 3-seriale, squamis exterioribus 44 lin. longis. Ligule 8,
obtusissimæ, integræ. Achaenia radii abortiva, linearia, com-
pressa, margine ciliata, pappo 3-aristato aristellisque subconnatis
superata; disci compressa, subalata, cuneata, pilosa, apice pro-
funde lateque emarginata, 2-aristata, aristellis minimis basi con-
cretis hinc inde interjectis.

EcHINOCEPHALUM. Genus novum.

Char. Gen. Capitulum heterogamum, floribus radi; ligulatis
neutris l-seriatis, disci tubulosis 5-dentatis hermaphroditis.
Involueri 3-seriati squamæ subæquales exteriores subfoliaceæ.
Receptaculum conicum, paleaceum, paleis complicatis longe
acuminatis pungentibus membranaceis persistentibus. Anthere
nigricantes, subexsertz. $/j/j rami hispidi, appendiculati.
Achenia radii abortiva, obovata, compressa, pappo 5-aristato,
aristis setiformibus inæqualibus scabris caducis, superata ; disci
obovata, compresso-subtetragona, pappo 12-16-aristato, aristis
ineequalibus caducis coronata.— Herbs annue Brasilienses
Oyedec facie, ramis tetragonis adpresse piloso-scabris, foliis
petiolatis, inferioribus oppositis, superioribus alternis, ovatis vel
lanceolatis, acuminatis, grosse serrato-dentatis, utrinque appresse
piloso-pubescentibus, capitulis pedunculatis, subcorymbosis, de-
mum subglobosis, floribus Zuteis.

The three plants on which I have founded this genus are allied to
Oyedea, agreeing with it in habit, and in the structure of the
flower, except the winged achenia of the florets of the disk,
and the sete of the pappus, which in the present plants are
less unequal and more fragile. That there is, however, a ten-
dency in the achenia to be winged, is shown by a very short
tooth-like appendix at the top of each of the angles. With Pery-
menium it agrees in the nature of the pappus and in other points,
but differs in having ligulate florets. Ne
1728 et 3848. E. /atifolium ; ramis adpresse piloso-scabris, foliis

longe petiolatis ovatis acuminatis basi subcuneatis inæqualiter

à ` A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 295

grosse serrato-dentatis 3-nerviis utrinque adpresse piloso-pubes-

centibus scabridis, pedunculis terminalibus subcorymbosis,

involucri squamis exterioribus lanceolatis acuminatis hispidis,
' interioribus paleiformibus.

Has. In cane-fields near Crato, Province of Ceará, Oct., 1838
(1728); and in similar situations near Arrayas, Province of
Goyaz, March, 1840 (3848).

Annuum, 1i—3-pedale, erectum, ramosum. Folia opposita,
summa alterna, 3-42 poll. longa, 1-2} poll. lata: petioli villosi.
Tnvolucrum 3 lin. longum. Ligule late oblongæ, obtusissime,
obtuse bidentate.

1729. E. Zanceolatum ; ramis adpresse piloso-scabris, foliis petio-

` latis ovato-lanceolatis versus apicem valde attenuatis acuminatis

basi obtusiusculis serratis tri- vel subtriplinerviis utrinque ad-

presse piloso-pubescentibus scabridis, pedunculis terminalibus

subcorymbosis, involucri squamis exterioribus oblongo-lanceo-
latis acutis hispidis, interioribus paleiformibus.

Has. Near Aracaty, Province of Ceará. Aug., 1838.

Annuum, 2-3-pedale, erectum, ramosum. Rami superiores di-
chotomi. Folia opposita, summa alterna, 3—43 poll. longa, 6-12
ln. lata: petioli 4-6 lin. longi, villosi. Involucrum 3 lin.
longum. Ligulæ late oblongæ, obtusissimæ, obtuse bidentate. -

This differs principally from the preceding species in its stouter
habit, much narrower leaves, and less acuminated involucral scales.
The acicular points of the scales of the receptacle are also one
half shorter.

3848 (bis). E. angustifolium; ramis subscabris, foliis petiolatis
lineari-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis subtriplinerviis distanter
dentatis utrinque adpresse piloso-pubescentibus scabridis, pedun-
culis terminalibus subcorymbosis, involucri squamis exterioribus
lanceolatis acuminatis, interioribus paleiformibus.

Has. Near Sapé, Province of Goyaz. Feb., 1840.

Annuum, bipedale, erectum, ramosum. Folia 3-6 poll. longa,
6-10 lin. lata: petioli villosi. Involucrum 3 lin. longum.

This differs from both the preceding species in its much nar-
tower leaves, which are besides truly dentate, not serrate.

296 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A FLORA OF BRAZIL.

SERPÆA. Genus novum.

Char. Gen. Capitulum multiflorum heterogamum, floribus radii
neutris ligulatis 1-serialibus, disc? tubulosis hermaphroditis.
Involuerum hemisphæricum, squamis 3-seriatis subæqualibus,
exterioribus foliaceis ovatis obtusis reticulatis serrato-dentatis,
intimis oblongis obtusis membranaceis. Receptaculum conicum
paleaceum, paleis lineari-oblongis obtusis achænia amplectentibus.
Styli rami exserti, subulati, hispidi. Achenia radii triquetra
vix subulata, angulis in aristam persistentem productis, dentibus
setiformibus paucis interjectis; disci compressa, 2-aristata, vix
alata. — Herbæ perennes Brasilienses habitu Helianthi, ramis
teretibus, foliis oppositis, petiolatis, oblongis vel ovatis, serrato-
dentatis, triplinerviis, scabris, capitulis longe pedicellatis, ter-
minalibus, solitariis vel ternis, floribus luteis.

In the structure of the achenia and pappus, the two plants
on which I have established this genus, coincide with Lipochata,
but they cannot be associated with it on account of their neutral
ligules. Their nearest affinity seems to be with Oyedæa, from
which they are distinguished by their conical receptacle and the
nature of their achzenia.

I have named the genus in remembrance of Dr. Serpa, who was
Professor of Botany in the College at Olinda during my visit to
Pernambuco, a learned and amiable old gentleman, passionately
devoted to the study of the medicinal plants of his native country.
3852. S. ovata; caule ramoso, ramis pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis

petiolatis late ovatis utrinque obtusis serratis triplinerviis supra
scabridis subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, pedicellis terminalibus
ternis, involucri squamis exterioribus in appendicem foliaceam
subrotundam reticulatam tomentosam productis, intimis ovato-
oblongis obtusis glabris.

Has. Dry upland Campos near Arrayas, Province of Goyaz.
April, 1840.

Herba perennis, erecta, ramosa, bipedalis. Folia opposita, 2-3
poll. longa, 15-21 lin. lata. Pedicelli tomentosi, 3 poll. longi.
— subglobosum. Involucrum 4 lin. longum.

(To be continued.)

297

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Extracts from the private letters of Dr. Hooker, written during
a Botanical Mission to INDIA.
(Continued. from p. 268.)

On the following day I determined upon a trip into the Desert, to
see the Fossil Forest, as a large tract of country covered with fossil
wood is called. Several of the officers of the “Sidon” joined me,
of which I was very glad, for they kindly undertook all the provi-
sioning for the day. We started very early, mounted upon jack-
asses: I also took a servant to carry my traps, together with two
mules and attendants to bring back specimens of the wood. Though
few plants were procurable, I was anxious to make observations on
the temperature of the soil and dryness of the Desert, that I might
know how near to the starving and burning point vegetation would
exist, as supplementary to my many observations in the Antarctic
Expedition of how much cold they can bear.

Our course lay to the south of Cairo, along the ridge of hills
at whose Nileward termination the city is built. These hills are
of limestone, and so were the first few miles of desert we traversed.
We emerged from the town at the citadel, about two hundred
feet above the Nile, the rest of the town, and Great Desert itself.
The sun was rising when we passed the Palace, and a very grand

sight it was. It rose from the eastern Desert, hot, orange-red, - 1 -

and scorching to behold. A few strips of cloud on the horizon
crossed its upward path, and through them was darted a flood of
great beams slanting along the parched soil, dancing on the
polished alabaster Mosque close by us, and shooting across the
Nile to the Pyramids on the far-west horizon, some ten miles off.
To the east, south, and south-east, stretched a fiery desert;
below, we saw the town of Cairo bristling with minarets, and
the long shining Nile, wending its way from south to north
through emerald-green pastures, gardens, Date-groves, and scat-
tered white buildings, its surface spotted with latteen-sailed —

VOL VII. SE

298 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

boats. This green belt reached to the very base of the Pyramids,
and was there met by another apparently endless desert, covered
with a light haze, and backed by low hills of sterile sand. After a
little space, another desert horizon rose with the light far to the
south, the Nile again glanced in it like a twisted silver wire, its
course marked by still other pyramids, so distant as to appear no
more than dusky triangular spots. Beyond these, the site of Thebes,
Memphis, Luxor, Edfou, the far-away Cataracts, and Meroe are
seen only in the imagination. Of the appearance of the Pyra-
mids themselves from this point one can form no idea: they are
not beautiful, and much of their interest is derived from associa-
tion; but they are so strongly interwoven with the earliest recol-
lections of our species, and of our school-education, that it is
impossible to keep the eyes or thoughts from them.

For the first few miles out of Cairo there was scarce a trace of
vegetation, or merely a few exposed stems here and there above the
naked soil, wholly destitute of leaves. This is the sterile season,
and past even seed-time in the Desert, which is, of course, not
affected by the inundations of the Nile. About five or six miles
south of Cairo the scenery changes totally, the country being
more broken up into broad valleys with steep cliffy piles of lime-
stone on each side, and every here and there a little vegetation, Zyy0-
phyllee, Rutacee, Capparideæ, a spiny cruciferous plant, some
tufts of grass, and a Hyoscyamus, full of leaf all the year round,
brilliantly green, and very succulent, which resembles a Chenopo-
dium, and spreads straggling along the ground. Some Zygophyllee
are also green; but the few other species I saw were small-leaved,
withered things. Of trees and bushes there are none. All the
soil is limestone rock, with a profusion of sand and pebbles, and
occasionally fragments of fossil-wood. As we proceeded, the bits
of fossil-wood became more and more frequent and larger, till, about
eight or ten miles S. E. of Cairo, the whole pebbly and rocky soil of
the plain part of the Desert consisted of fossil-wood, chiefly rolled
pebbles and fragments, but now and then huge trunks, prostrate
and half-buried in the sand, always broken up into truncheons- -
Most of them were heaped together in the greatest confusion : -

DESERT. FOSSIL-FOREST. 299

more, rarely, individual trees lay isolated, frequently 70 feet
long, some 120, and it is said even 140. Their colour is gene-
rally dark reddish-brown: they are all chalcedony and agate
of a coarse description, with the rings of the wood well preserved.
The sandy limestone (full of shells) and soil of the Desert are
white; so that this fossil vegetation contrasted curiously with the
general appearance of the country. Here the Pacha had sunk
a pit for coal, sapiently concluding that so much fossil-wood above-
ground indicated no less below. He however did not get
through the limestone rock, which is subjacent to the formation
to which I presume the fossil-wood belongs. Contrasted with
the surrounding sterility, this record of a once luxuriant vege-
tation is a very impressive object, for it is not confined to
a few miles only of Desert, but (I am given to understand)
extends forty or fifty in one direction. Ido not at all suppose
that these forests ever characterized the Desert, or the land now
replaced by desert, in its present relation to the general features of
Egypt. On the contrary, I expect that the fossil-trees were
imbedded in layers of conglomerate and sandstone which have
been gradually destroyed by the ocean, leaving the silicified trees to
resist, for the greater part, the action of that surf by which the
softer rock was triturated, forming the sand and pebbles of the
Desert. About one hundred miles above Cairo the sandstone
rocks commence and the limestone ceases; and as on the Nile
behind Cairo detached masses of the same sandstone rock as the
statue of Memphis is cut from occur, so it appears probable that —
this pebbly bed with fossil-trees belonged to that series of rocks, -
all of which, south of lat. 29°, are washed away, leaving only the -
agatized trees, all grievously water-worn, many being ground up -
with the sand into pebbles. A white snail was very abundant
everywhere, feeding on the Zygophylla and cruciferous plants.
This mollusk does not occur south of 29°, i.e., of the limit of
the limestone.

After lading my sorry beasts with as many specimens as they could
conveniently carry, we turned back and arrived late in the evening — —
at Cairo, thoroughly tired, drenched with perspiration, and very — —

: 2L2 :

300 DR. HOOKER'S MISSION TO INDIA.

shaken with the long donkey-ride. My plants amounted to six
species in all, none different from what I afterwards saw in crossing
from Cairo to Suez. Besides the pleasure I derived from the won-
derful Fossil Forest, the first peep of anything so novelas the
Desert and its concomitant features was highly gratifying. Every-
thing was new: the sky and the atmosphere were unlike those of
any other part of the world, and did not appear as if they ex-
tended over a soil where either animal or vegetable life could
exist. In the limestone desert I had no wish to tarry; but
I should still enjoy a visit to the sandstone wastes of Middle
and Upper Egypt, which are probably yet more barren, and ac-
companied by moving sands, of which we here see nothing.

On re-entering Cairo we passed the Tombs of the Caliphs, for-
merly wonderful for their eastern beauty and ornament, and still pre-
senting immense and beautifully decorated Mausolea, but all falling
to ruin. In the moonlight they are striking objects, from their
peculiar character and the loveliness of their situation. The
sunset over the Pyramids was as glorious as the sunrise, and as
fiery hot; this time, however, we had the green groves and cool-
looking palaces of the Pacha at Shoobra in the fiery circuit. We
waited outside the gates to witness the full effect of the moon on
the city, citadel, minarets, and distant pyramids; but the devo-
tional feelings of my donkey (who seemed much impressed by the
tombs of the Caliphs) prevented my enjoying thoroughly the view.
The entrance to the town was through a once magnificent gate,
much ornamented, and very grand-looking in the twilight, but
surrounded by so much wretchedness, squalor, and filth, that it was
impossible to bestow my admiration on it.

On the following day I was engaged to dine at the Consul-
General's, a brother of the Honourable Captain Murray, R-N.,
our acquaintance at Richmond Park, and had barely time to
dress, when I received a message from Lord Dalhousie informing
me that he had determined to start at 8 o’clock that night. The
fact was that, through some mistake of the Telegraph, the Transit —
passengers were supposed not to have arrived the night before at

Alexandria. All the luggage had been forwarded, and I was 1n

DEPARTURE FROM CAIRO, SOT .

consternation, having only two hours to pack up, to send my
fossils home, and go to the Consul’s, whence we were to start. We
were prohibited taking anything but a tiny carpet-bag a-piece ;
I therefore hired a fleet dromedary for my goods (my heavy things
had gone to the palace on arriving, and were forwarded with Lord
Dalhousie’s). On arriving at-the Consul’s just in time, I found
Lady Dalhousie had a dromedary provided for her extras, which
would convey some of my baggage; and the kindness of the suite,
especially Dr. Bell, induced the Transit officers to give us an addi-
tional van, so that I got all takén on with us. Lord and Lady Dal-
housie dined in their travelling garb; and I did not scruple to
show myself at the Consul’s, where an immense crowd was assembled
in hopes of spending an evening with the Governor-General. All
the nobility were there, wearing splendid jewels and uniforms,
besides many European ladies and gentlemen in their own or in
Egyptian costumes. I never was so glad in my life as when
I got my things all stowed away, though at the expense of relin-

quishing my scanty collection and all but some sheets of small- — :

sized paper for the Desert and Aden. A few minutes later
(except the Governor-General had waited or left a van for me),
and I should have had to go across on a dromedary, and been
shaken to small pieces.

Our departure by cresset and torch light was very pretty: we
were surrounded by Orientals in all costumes, curious-looking
Egyptian officers of every rank from the Pacha’s agents down to
the camel and van-drivers. Lord and Lady Dalhousie mounted a

beautiful barouche, as good as ever the Park saw, with six Arab | p
horses and two outriders, and dashed off at full speed, the cressets — —

and torches speeding on before through the marrow streets,
whipping everybody and everything in the way. The vans, in
which we all followed, held four a-piece: they resemble exactly
short Ommibuses or long Minibuses, but have only two wheels
with broad tires, and four horses each. A cad stands on the
step behind: an Egyptian drives at a furious gallop, equipped
with a red Fez cap and long whip. In the first van were Dr. Bell
and myself with my luggage, so arranged that we could lie along.

302 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

I had a plaid for the night, and my two barometers slung round
amy neck. Bell, an old Indian, who is always chilly, was bundled
up in all imaginable clothes, European and Oriental. We had no
refreshment but claret, which owing to our hurried departure was
my sole share of the Consul’s dinner. In the second van were
Fane, Courtenay, Captain Henderson, and our Dragoman, who
belonged to the Transit office. In the third, the butler, coach-
man, lady's maid, and a native (Hindi) woman, an Ayah or
servant. This was all our force. For the first part of the road
we were terribly jolted ; and I began to fear it was too true that
no one could transport barometers safe (mine are so yet) by the
overland route. We stopped every three or four miles to bait
or change horses. "The night was bright starlight and clear, and
we were all in excellent spirits. The stations are large rambling
buildings, lone houses in the Desert, with never a tree or other
dwelling near them : they are white-washed, one or two stories
high, generally one, and amply supplied with beer, wines, and all
sorts of eatables, just now when the mails are passing: at other
times nothing is to be had. Our whole journey from Alexandria
to Suez was at the Pacha’s expense (except my own when living
at Cairo), and we were certainly handsomely feasted, housed, and
honoured, and also transported, considering the country we passed
through. Lord Dalhousie gave a most liberal Backsheesh " to the
various servants, for the time from our leaving the “Sidon” on
Sunday mid-day, until arriving at Suez on the following Friday
afternoon.

At 5 o'clock in the morning we came to a half-way house,
and halted for two hours. I walked out, as soon as day dawned,
at a quarter past six: the Desert was a large bed of gravel, all
pebbles as far as the eye could reach, except when the long, low,
steep piles of limestone occurred, and these were far off. The
pebbles were sometimes arranged in lines of heaps, having sandy
intervals, whereon were scattered plants of Hyoscyamus, some
Grasses, Rutaceæ, Capparidee, Heliotropium (P) and Zygophylla-
Altogether there were not five individuals of any kind to an acre
of surface. The soil was chilled by nocturnal radiation, and the -

ROAD TO SUEZ. 803

pebbles were covered with dew of only 44° temperature, the air in
the shade being 47°. In digging down, the temperature gradually
rose one degree for every inch down to ten inches, beyond which
I could not dig. Even in this winter-time, I found the sun’s rays
give a heat of 100° to the soil; so that the poor plants have to
undergo in winter a change of 56° every day. Here the only
water they get is by the dew forming on them during the night.
Unhappy plants! supposing their feelings to be like ours, who
desire to drink most when most heated.

At 7 o’clock, we breakfasted and were off again. The sun
soon became powerful, and clouds of dust entered our van, almost
suffocating the inmates. I got out for a few minutes at every stage,
and saw the poor horses covered with sweat : the moment they were
unharnessed, they threw themselves on the ground, and rolled in the
sand in ecstacy. I could not help thinking of the Prophet’s in-
junction in the Koran, that the Faithful should wash in the sand
where no water was to be procured. We passed some little Oases,
a few yards long, sparkling with the Hyoscyamus, and here and
there a solitary stag-headed inclined Acacia ; but we never stopped
near these less sterile spots.

We had been gradually ascending from Cairo, and at forenoon
of Friday we reached the highest ground on our road (800 or
900 feet, perhaps,) between the Nile and the Red Sea. Here
high ridges of red mountains appeared, their long precipitous
sides all cut up into shallow ravines, dreadfully rugged, rocky,
and barren. From the height I saw the Red Sea lifted up by

refraction long before we sighted it really, and the mountains — 0
of the peninsula of Sinai and Tor on the opposite side of the gulf —

of Suez: all deeply interesting objects, especially to one who had
been accustomed to much novelty of a totally different character.
Except a few insects (Grylli, &c.,) and occasionally a herd of
antelopes, there is no animal life in these parts of the desert. Now
and then, however, solitary Arabs or small encampments may

be seen, surrounded by dromedaries and packages of merchandize. — —

These Arabs are an unruly set, and not remarkable for their at- — —
tachment to the Pacha, whose road from Cairo to Suez they are —

304 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

heavily bribed to keep in some sort of order. In many places the
latter is really good, as where the flats of pebbles are broad and long, ~
from which the Arabs remove the large stones, though so long only
as they are paid for doing it, for as soon as the money is stopped,
they will replace all the biggest stones, and thus render the track
impassable.

From the highest level, to the Red Sea at Suez, is one uninter-
rupted slope of eight miles long, apparently so uniform and
smooth that you might fancy rolling a cannon-ball from the top
into the sea: it is uniformly covered with pebbles and rounded
lumps of rock, as big as the head. The Colocynth was the only
plant I saw here, and that very sparingly: it straggles, and is of
the same hue almost as the soil, the great yellow apples alone
betraying its existence. The valley, or rather flat slope, is many
miles broad, and bounded to the south by high rugged hills, hot,
red, and hazy: it is, indeed, a howling wilderness ; and the desert
of Sinai opposite looked no better.

There was scarcely a boat (but the steamer) visible on the sea;
and Suez itself on the shore wore a truly desolate appearance,
with no green thing near it. At 4 o’clock we entered the town,
a miserable collection of mud and stone huts, with a crazy Mosque,
and a large white hotel on the sea-brink, at which we were set down.

This being the position of the passage of the Children of Tsrael,
we could not help looking about and trying to grasp some natural
feature that might afterwards vividly recall the spot, but there
was none: looking north, an arm of the sea wound up to where
a canal in the more glorious days of Egypt connected the Nile
and the Red Sea; a few low hills there bounded the horizon.
Westward lay the unbroken sweep of Desert we had bowled along
at full gallop a few minutes before; southwest, the rugged hills
_ which characterize a great part of the western shore of the Red

Sea. To the east, the water was about two miles across OT -

thereabouts, bounded by a long flat, from which rise the moun-
tains of the peninsula of Sinai. Due south, the unruffled and :
unbroken waters of the Red Sea stretched away, far as the eye

could see, with three steamers lying a few miles off the shallows xe 2

SUEZ AND THE RED SEA. 305

which surround Suez. These were the “ Precursor” of the Penin-
sular and Oriental Company waiting the passengers from England,
the “Semiramis,” H.E.LC. Navy, which had brought Sir C.
Napier from Bombay, and would have taken us to Calcutta had
we come before the arrival of the * Moozuffer," a finer vessel
despatched for us.

I could find no vegetation of any kind about Suez, either on
land or at sea; all is (at this season) utterly sterile. Our inn,
though large, was poor, and offered miserable accommodation for
Lady Dalhousie, who was greatly fatigued. At 10 o'clock, p.m.,
the Transit passengers began to arrive, one hundred and thirty in
all, in detachments of six or eight vans every four hours. In the
first were no friends of mine. At 2 or 3, a.m., the second detach-
ment brought Col. Hearsey and son; at 8, A.M., our Edinburgh
friends arrived, whom I was delighted to meet again.

Lady Dalhousie was recovered enough to go on board at 4
o'clock, p.m., and after the usual expenditure of gunpowder, we
got under weigh at 6, and sailed rapidly down the Red Sea. This
is a noble ship, as large as the “Sidon,” but we are shamefully
accommodated, the Indian Government having made no sort of
arrangement whatever for us. Capt. Etherally gives up everything
for Lord and Lady Dalhousie, whose accommodations, though
confined, are splendidly fitted and ornamented: he has also pro-
vided a magnificent table, sumptuous in every way. The officers
are agreeable, and we are, in everything but accommodation,
very comfortable. This is in every respect a man-of-war, the
Indian navy being a very small force, similarly constituted and
officered with the Royal navy.

The north part of the Red Sea, as far as the island of Jibbel
Zeer, is totally devoid of interest, except the view of Mount Sinai.
The winds were northerly, as far as 20? lat., then light aud variable,
and the weather oppressively hot and sultry until about 16° or
17° lat., where cooler southern breezes prevail, blowing stronger as
you approach the Strait, with a nasty sea running. At about
20° lat. a good deal of Sargassum is always seen, retained there -
(I expect) by currents or winds, as In the “ Sargasso” Sea.

VOL. VII. 2M

306 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

_ The islands we passed were masses of cinders and scoriæ, red
and black, quite barren and fearfully inhospitable, with shores
steep to the water’s edge: all are volcanic cones. We saw
none of them near the shore, where coral reefs occur, which render
the southern part of the sea highly dangerous. During the last two
or three days on the Red Sea, it blew very strong, and we lost our
boatswain overboard, who was struck by the paddle-wheel and
killed on the spot. The only feature of interest was some
patches of red scum, probably of animal matter, tinged by the
confervoid plant described by Montagne in the Annales (Zricho-
desmium erythraum, Y think he calls it); it was far too bad
weather to get any, but it is frequent here, and said to be equally
so in the Persian gulf: it is also reported to be phosphorescent at
night. In the afternoon of the 17th, we passed Mocha, a long
town of white houses and minarets close to the sea, backed by
rugged, barren mountains. At 7 o’clock the same night, we
passed through the famous Strait of Babel Mandeb, by a narrow
passage, a quarter of a mile wide, between the east mainland
of Arabia and a flat island, and entering the Indian Ocean
we steamed on to Aden, arriving on the forenoon of the 18th.
All the Indian surveying officers, of whom there were several on
board, agree that the name Red Sea is derived from that of
the Nubian shore, Raid or Red, and not from the occasionally
discoloured waters.

I have been much interested with some of the phenomena of the
Red Sea. The winds always blow up and down it, a fact which -
is not wonderful, though the southern end is in the N.E. and S.W.
monsoon, and the northern end within the westerly wind limits.
The curious thing is, that the north wind blows all the year round,
from Suez to about 20° S. lat., and the south wind nearly all the
year from the Straits to Jibbel Zeer island, between which is 9
broad belt of calms and variables with hot weather and much
more vapour than at either extremity. Again, though the north
winds always prevail from Suez southwards to 20° lat., all that
portion of the sea is higher than the middle or lower part,
twenty-four feet higher than the Mediterranean. It is also much |

ADEN. 307

salter than any other part, or than any other sea in the East, the
saltness decreasing from Suez to 20° lat., where and from whence
to the Straits the sea is no salter than the Indian Ocean, which
does not differ from the Atlantic or Pacific.
Aden, Dec. 19th.
Aden is one of the most remarkable places I ever saw, and I
only wonder that so little has been heard of it. It is a great, .
black, barren volcano, long extinct and of great age, starting
abruptly from the ocean opposite the flat shore of Arabia, with which |
it is connected by a long, low, flat spit of sand. To the west of
it is a smaller, but somewhat similar, peninsula of rugged rocks.
They are like to the volcanic islands of the southern part of
the Red Sea and some parts of the coast of Africa, but altogether
different from the S.W. end of Arabia. The long low beach is
richly wooded with Acacias, Dates, and Mangroves, I am in-
formed; but it is impossible to land there without being taken
prisoner by the Arabs, whom we deprived of Aden. Ships do not
lie off the shore, but at the N.W. end of the peninsula, and
sheltered from the N.E. monsoon now blowing strong; and there
are the coal depots, a solitary hôtel, and one or two houses of
officials. The peninsula is one mass of volcanic rock, 1,700 feet
high, a very ancient volcano, in short, whose crater is broken down to
the eastward, where the town is placed. In this respect it resembles
St. Helena, but is as sterile to look at as Ascension, or more so; for
the top of Green Mountain (in Ascension) is green; while here,
except in a few flat places near the coast, no green thing is to be
discerned from the sea. Quite three-fourths of the rock are inacces-
sible, the upper part consisting of a wall extraordinarily jagged
and serrated, several miles long, many parts of which are no
broader than a horse’s back. This wall sends-off spurs; so that
take the peninsula where you will, you have a full front; and cut
it down where you may, there is always a pointed perpendicular
section. The wall forms the rim of the crater and is all but macces-
sible; the slopes and land at the base are all volcanic cinders,
strata of lava, dykes of basalt, and such like. Upon the whole,
it is the ugliest, blackest, most desolate, and most dislocated piece
2M2

*.

308 DR. HOOKER'S MISSION TO INDIA.

of land, of its size, that ever I set eyes on; and I have seen a
good many ugly places.

* * * * * *

Aden we took from the Arabs a few years back, and are now
fortifying it as strongly as Gibraltar, which in position it re-
sembles. At no very distant period it was held by the Turks,
who relied much upon it, and have left wonderful constructions
in all parts of the Peninsula, in the shape of tombs, aqueducts,
the remains of a large town now buried underneath the miserable
Arab village of Aden, and more especially fortifications on the
all-but inaccessible crests of the hills, with stone roads and cause-
ways leading to them, constructed with inconceivable labour, as it
is supposed, by Jews, many of whom were kept as prisoners and
slaves at Aden. The Sublime Porte still claims a jurisdiction over
all Arabia, to which the Arabs are, of course, indifferent, detesting
the Turks and Franks equally.

We lay off the west end of the peninsula, the cool end of the
island, where Capt. Haines, Ind. Navy, resides, and superintends
the arrangements for vessels, &c. He is also the E.I.C. political
Agent or Resident in the place, and acts as Governor. The town
is now half Arab and half European, from the number of troops;
and occupies the base of alarge valley bounded by inacessible
black crags on all sides, open to the south and to the east, and
defended to the west by a very narrow fortified pass, through
which you go when following the excellent road from the “ Point,”
where we lay, to the town or cantonments.

On our arrival we were surrounded by shore-boats, full of a race
of negroes from the opposite coast of Africa, ** Soumalis,” who are
engaged with Hindoos and a few Arabs as servants on the penin-
sula. These “ Soumalis are all but naked, and left their boats
for the water, in which they swam like ducks, diving for sixpenny-
pieces, which we chucked overboard, some dozens scrambli
underwater for possession. Captain Haines provided quarters for
us all at his house, a set of long rambling cottages with veran-
dahs, built, as is every house here, of wattle and plaster, and

ADEN. : 309

swarming with rats and mosquitoes. We managed tolerably well,
however, during our short stay. At about 2 o’clock the “ Pre-
cursor” arrived, and as soon as I could get away I went on board,
and saw our friends Mr. and Mrs. S., who came on shore for a
donkey-ride in the cool of the evening. The steepness and rug-
gedness of the black crags, utterly devoid of vegetation, the
curious ridges of Trap, and beds of scoria, Lava, and Pumice,
which extend from their bases to the sea, and the wild disconnected
rocks that rise here and there from the ocean close to the shore,
render the scenery most striking, and in the moonlight awfully
grand, more especially in twilight or sunset, when the exquisitely
delicate colouring of the sky and the few scattered clouds that
speckle it, contrast singularly with the wild features of the land.
In the gravelly hollows a very few plants are seen, woefully wide
apart, and never in sufficient quantity to give a verdant hue to even
an acre of ground at this season; but I am told that grass appears
in spring. The most conspicuous plant is a bushy green Capparis
(Caper) and next a large Reseda (Mignonette), the commonest
plant in the island: next comes a large herbaceous Capparis with
bright golden flowers; and then rusty-looking Acacia bushes, and
some odd-looking Huphorbias. ‘The shores are bold and rocky,
yielding rock-oysters, but destitute of 44e.

On Sunday morning we started very early for the cantonment
or town, four miles off. The Governor-General, Courtenay,
Capt. Haines, and myself, were all the party. Our conveyance
was a pretty French barouche with four horses: our road, an
excellent. one, wound along the beach opposite the Arab shore.
At the neck of the peninsula is a steep hill leading to the:
“ Gorge,” which connects the valley of Aden with the rest of the
peninsula; and here we left the carriage for Arab horses, all except
the Governor, who had a Palanquin, while the carriage was
dragged up after us through the fortified pass. At this place we
ascended a hill to survey the fortifications, and obtain a view of the
disputed points and modes of attack and defence. The scene was
very grand, overlooking the flat sandy isthmus, with its Turkish
and Arab forts and walls, similar to that neck connecting Gibraltar

310 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

with the mainland of Spain. Below lay a village close to the
neck, on a salt plain studded with houses belonging to the Hindoos
employed in the fortifications, who spotted the plain with their
white dresses. Around were all sorts of forts, guns, and black
sepoy soldiers; behind, the towering mural crags of the penin-
sula full of holes whitened from the number of Vultures which
are seen wheeling across the cliffs. Looking north, the eye
detects the long sandy waste of the isthmus, with the sea on either
hand, succeeded by a belt of green woods along the Arab coast;
and in the distance a long yellow desert, backed by ranges of high
mountains said to abound in fertile valleys blooming with the Rose
of Shiraz, the Apple, Vine, and Apricot, Melon, and all the deli-
cious flowers and fruits of Persia and Araby the blest. What a
contrast to our present site! And it is from these distant hills
that Aden is constantly supplied with vegetables, brought for sale
by the Arabs. To the right of this position is the great
black gulph in which Aden is built, a sort of valley of Acheron,
unblest by water or any verdure, sprinkled with the white hovels
of the natives, and, scarcely better, the long cantonments of
the troops. On both sides are valleys, long steep naked gorges
which run up the flanks of the mountains, mysterious-looking
rents, leading to a distant black flat, which on this side of the
island extends along the base of the highest ridge. This highest
ridge is, as well as the spurs it gives off, in every point of view,
remarkable, being always a serrated wall or knife-edge of rock, appa-
rently inaccessible, but crowned here and there with the ruins of
Turkish castles. To one of them an excellent Turkish road from
the flat still exists, by which I afterwards ascended to a signal
station. On various parts of the slopes above the town are tanks,
cut under the cliffs, or built of fine stone wonderfully cemented,
and there still exist the remains of an aqueduct, leading from the
peninsula across the long neck of land to the Arabian shore.

At the town we went to Capt. Haines’ official house, where he
is endeavouring to wheedle garden plants into growth, and has
succeeded with some short-lived annuals, which only want a winter;

but the rest of those, whose duration is longer, perish with the

ADEN. 311

following dry season. The heat of this valley is always 10° above
that of the * Point,” and the residents are all but roasted alive.
At the Residency (Capt. Haines’) we were met by the Assistant
Polit. Agent, Lieut. Cruttenden, I.N., and the Civil Surgeon, Dr.
Vaughan, successor to Dr. Malcolmson, whose absence I much
regretted. In Cruttenden I recognized a contributor to the Trans-
actions of the Royal Geological Society. He is a very agreeable
and intelligent officer, and an experienced traveller in Nubia, Abys-
sinia, Hast Africa, and Arabia.

After breakfast we went to the chapel, a good wattle barn,
built by subscription, and having Punkahs over the seats. The
chaplain, an excellent man, startled me by the announcement of
the following Saturday being Christmas-day ; for I had latterly
kept no account of the weeks and months, and there was
little to remind one of it in the atmosphere. In the evening,
while the Governor-General took some needful repose, I went .
to the top of the ridge or highest part of the island, ** Shumsun,”
as it is called, 1700 feet of elevation. I had two **Soumalis ”
to carry my things, a large umbrella, broad white hat, with a
round pillow on the crown, and a bolster round the rim out-
side, which keep the sun’s rays from striking through the hat
to one’s head. We scrambled up one of the gullies over stony
barren hills that led to the flat. The latter is about $00 feet
up, a black waste of volcanic cinders, utterly destitute of vegeta-
tion or life, and so heated that the atmosphere for some feet above
it flickered like smoke. Though now mid-winter it was dreadfully
hot, the soil below the surface being 107° at 2, ».w., which must
be far below the summer heat. A few valleys occur here and there,
and these are sprinkled with vegetation, some shrubby milky |
Euphorbiaceae and Asclepiadee, several gummy Acacias, the Reseda,
four or five Capparidee, shrubby and herbaceous, one or two wiry
grasses, and a very common plant belonging probably to Pedalinee.
About the plains the ridge of rocks runs like a wall, some four
miles long, curiously jagged at the top, which towered 1,000 feet
above my head, and appeared inaccessible, except in one place,
where a steep slope led to a cleft in the ridge, and up whose steep

312 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

face a zigzag road was formed : to this I directed my course. ` At
the foot of the rocks I found a few more plants in the beds of the
dry water-courses; but none were in flower. All were Arabian-
looking, Autichorus, Tephrosia, Polygala, Amaranthaceæ, Acacias,
Rutacee, and Capparidee always prevailing, with a frutescent
Lycium. The shrubs were in woeful and dead-like plight, having
very stout distorted spiny stems, short, woody branches, few leaves,
and no flowers. A leafless, pale yellow-white, dichotomous Zwphor-
bia was perhaps the most common.

The road to the top of the ridge was remarkable, where perfect,
but much of it is broken away: the workmanship is so good that no
one suspects the Turks of having constructed it, but people assert
that it was formed, as well as the crowning forts, by captive Jews, `
under Solyman the Magnificent. The stones are of excessively
hard vitreous basalt, more or less squared, placed side by side
without cement or mortar, and so well fitted that in some places
the causeway seems to ride, like a saddle, on the knife-edge ridge.
At other parts the sides of the cliffs are hewn away, and I was
constantly startled by the road apparently terminating abruptly
over a tremendous precipice; but it was really carried up at an
acute angle behind me. Towards the top I met with two speci-
mens. of a plant which I recognised to be the same as a shrub
shown to me by Dr. Lindley some two years ago, at the gardens
of the Hort. Society. It has a curious stem eight or ten feet high,
expanding like a trumpet at the base, a few short branches and
rounded lobed leaves. I saw no young plants, nor fruit, nor
flower, and could only reach a twig from the road. The Hort.
Society plants were, if I remember rightly, covered with Dufou-
rea flammea, and were probably from another part of the island.
At this elevation, 1,500 feet, I met with Lichens, on the rocks,
crustaceous species, and on Acacia stems, Roccella and Rama-
lina; but no other Cryptogamia. The road met the ridge at à
curious cut, as it were, in the wall; and on reaching the latter,
a general view opened out of the west side of the peninsula, the
bay, and steamers at anchor off the “ Point,” where Capt. Haines’
house is situated. Our own vessel, with her lofty masts, was

VEGETATION AT ADEN. 313

lying quietly at anchor; but the poor “ Precursor” was kicking
up the water, splashing, struggling, and backing off a bank on
which she had grounded when getting under weigh six hours
before, as I afterwards heard.

A similar causeway to that by which I ascended was carried
along the ridges, but much of it has fallen away from time to
time, on each side of the mountain ; and a little pathway only leads
to the summit, up which is a broad flight of steps, formed of cut
stones laid side by side. At the top there is a signal station,
and a soldier on duty, who, besides signalizing the shipping, takes
meteorological observations. The lone creature lives in a hut
built in an excavation of the summit, which is hardly broad enough
for ten persons to stand upon, and he never sees any one but a
“Soumali” servant or an Arab, who daily brings him water.
I was very thirsty, but he had nothing but tepid water to offer me.
This rocky crest is, of course, very barren of everything but Lichens,
of which there is a fair sprinkling ; but I had no time to stay to
collect them. My descent was less fatiguing ; though the causeway
is formed of such slippery stones that it tired me as much as the
ascent. Exclusive of the few plants, some forty species, there is
little to be gained by the hot and dusty ascent of “ Shumsun,”
always excepting the remarkable views, and the curious works of
the Turks.

On the Monday morning I went out at day -break to gather
what plants I could find in the cooler valleys facing the west:
they were more luxuriant than on the eastern side, the soil being
more gravelly ; but still sterility was the order of the day. I added
about twenty kinds to my former collection, but nothing remark-
able on a casual inspection, or attractive at this flowerless season.
Along the beach I did not procure a single maritime plant, nor
an Alga: a dichotomous-leaved Poa, and a Cyperus, both growing
in scattered tufts, occupying all the sand, whilst the rocks were
invariably naked. Further back, the C/eome was abundant, with
several smaller Capparidea, the universal Reseda, some herbaceous
and shrubby Euphorbiaceae and Leguminose. A small weeping tree,
ten feet high, possibly Osyris, was the largest plant. Several

VOL. VII. IN

314 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

Zygophyllee, Fagonia, and some Rubiacee were plentiful; a fili-
form Muthiola (?) and a suffrutescent Campylanthus, a pretty Acan-
thaceous plant, two Labiate, one Boraginea, and some Serophu-
larineæ were also common. A fine fox crossed my path; but I
saw none of the apes which are said to be common on the rocks,
and thus to strengthen the resemblance between this peninsula
and that of Gibraltar. Before 9 o'clock, a.m., the heat became
considerable, and I was glad to get back to Capt. Haines’, with
barely time enough for breakfast, and to get my collections put
into paper before going on board and starting for Ceylon, where
we arrived on the last day of the year, and where I found Gardner,
who had been waiting our arrival at Colombo for three weeks, .
and then started for Point de Galle, where we were in company
with His Excellency the Governor of Ceylon. He was looking
well, and extremely happy, and is evidently in high favour with
the authorities.
“ Moozuffer," Madras Roads, Jan. 5, 1848.
Here we are at last off the shores of India, for I considered
myself so at Ceylon, where we landed the other day. My last
letter was from Aden, since when we have been on the Indian
Ocean, the most uninteresting sea I ever crossed in my wander-
ings, without birds, or any fish but flying-fish, to relieve the
monotony of the cruize. We sighted Cape Comorin last Thursday,
and on Friday forenoon landéd at Point de Galle, Ceylon, afew
hours after the “ Precursor,” and with the same object in view,
namely, to lay in coal for the rest of the voyage. I dare say you
thought of us on Christmas day, and so we all did of England and
English friends. You, I hope, were more comfortably circumstance;
for in addition to other discomforts we had adverse winds and
a rolling sea. The “ Moozuffer” which was sent to Suez for us,
is in one sense a splendid vessel, more like a yacht than à
man-of-war, but neither fitted nor provided with any accommoda-
tion suited to the Governor-General of India. ‘The Captain has
only the table to supply, &c., and this he has done well. Any-
thing more sumptuous in the way of fare on board ship I never
met with; but there are neither cabins nor bedding for any of his —

POINT DE GALLE. 315

Lordship’s suite; and even the Captain gives up his cabin to
Lord and Lady Dalhousie. We lie on mattresses on the deck and
"ts all we can do to turn out tidy for meals in the cabin, for
breakfast at 9 o’clock, tiffin at noon, dinner at 4, and then we
spend the evening any way we can. The motion of her powerful
engine is such that we cannot write without difficulty, and we
have no private cabin to sit in.

I have not made many sketches, none indeed since I left Cairo,
where I made several of and from the Pyramids. At Aden I was far
too busy botanizing ; though, alas! nearly all my collections have
been since destroyed by the salt water getting into our wretched
dormitory on board the “ Moozuffer.” Not only did my Hortus
Siccus suffer, but my spare paper also; so that in Ceylon I was
unable to preserve a single thing. This I the less regret, as I
shall have to take Ceylon on my way to Borneo, when I intend
spending a week or two with Mr. Gardner at Kandy.

At Point de Galle we lay in a pretty little cove, surrounded by
dense forests and wooded hills, the beach fringed with groves of
Cocoa-nut Palms, and backed by forests of tropical trees of the
greatest beauty. A more charming spot I never was in, reminding
me altogether of the scenes described in Paul and Virginia. The
Cinghalese are a curious people, slender and dark-coloured ; the
men all wearing long hair, which they gather up and fasten in a
knot, at the back of the head, supporting the knot, as ladies do in
England, with a tortoise-shell comb, smearing the whole abundantly
with Cocoa-nut oil. Their houses are huts thatched with Palm-
leaves, buried in groves of Cocoa-nuts and Areca or Betel-nut
Palms, each cottage being overshadowed by the ample foliage of
the Bread-fruit tree, one of the most luxuriant-looking trees of the
tropics, thick and umbrageous, with dark green glossy leaves, and
at all seasons laden with its noble fruit. The Plantain and
Banana, too, are abundant everywhere, and the Pine-Apple springs
up by the road-side, bearing excellent fruit, very little inferior to
that grown in our English stoves. Flowers there are of all kinds,
from the gaudiest and gayest to the most humble and delicate :
butterflies, beetles, and gay birds all abound, and all one longs

2N2

316 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

for is the bracing air and far more wholesome, though less at-

_tractive, beauties of an English country scene. These are nice
places to see, but not to dwell in, as the pale yellow, and all but
sickly faces of the English children too plainly tell. Mosquitoes
and sand-flies are rife, and so are detestable leeches, that get
inside one’s boot. Snakes, too, are said to be frequent, though
I saw none of them.

The character of the natives is treacherous, and they are consi-
dered to be untrustworthy in their most trifling dealings, but they
look happy, cheerful, and contented.

Our party was here divided into three. Lord and Lady Dalhousie
went to a small Government residence (Government-House is at
Kandy), Fane and Courtenay to the inn, whilst the Military Com-
mandant, Major Cuthbert, kindly accommodated me for the night
and day, or part of the two days we spent there. I had one long
walk with Gardner (who had been waiting three weeks for my
arrival) in the afternoon of Friday, another after daylight on
Saturday morning (for Gardner and I sat up chatting all night),
and a third after breakfast. It then came on to rain in true tro-
pical style, as if it would beat the roofs in, accompanied by heavy
thunder and lightning playing about us, as we sate taking tiffin in
the open verandah, but neither Mrs. Cuthbert nor her little girls
paid the very smallest attention to the storm, so habituated are all
here to the strife of elements. I was very glad to have the oppor-
tunity of presenting Mr. Gardner to Lord Dalhousie before our
departure. At 3 o'clock, ».w., we embarked under a heavy
shower, which drenched the poor soldiers drawn out to salute
us, and we started forthwith for Madras.

* v x E: x *

We arrived in Madras roads last Wednesday, at 11 o'clock, P-M.
There is neither bay nor harbour, only a wide expanse of anchoring
ground, like Yarmouth roads, but wanting all protection to
seaward in the shape of sands; so that a constant rolling sea
renders landing very difficult. Soon after our arrival, the
Governor, His Excellency the Marquis of Tweeddale (who as you

MADRAS. 317

know is the father of Lady Dalhousie) came on board, and invited
us all to Government-House. He took Lady Dalhousie on shore
with him, leaving Lord Dalhousie and us, his suite, till the
afternoon ; for it was necessary that we should land in state, and
the troops could not be drawn up in the middle of the day.
I was at first vexed by the loss of a day on shore, which, how-
ever, I did not afterwards regret, having had no idea what a fine
thing an Oriental reception is.

Madras, as seen from the roads, is a long city on an extensive
flat, without arise of ten feet on any part, and the ranges of
houses appear scattered and disjointed, from the number of trees
planted amongst them. The amount of inhabitants is difficult
to calculate, but there are not less than 5 or 600,000, a very
large portion of whom had assembled to witness the landing of
the Governor-General.

We had anchored at a distance of two miles from the shore,
and at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, a very large boat came along-
side, of the only kind fit for landing through the surf. These
are about forty feet long, very high out of the water, flat-
bottomed, wall-sided, and formed of planks of soft (Mango-tree)
wood, sewed together with cord. They are pulled by about
twenty black paddlers, who keep up a most discordant din by way
of keeping time with the paddles, which are poles of some twenty
feet in length, having a small round blade at the end. As we
approached the shore, the whole beach, for miles, seemed alive
with people, forming a moving mass of white turbans, black
heads, white frocks, and black legs. Behind them the cavalry
were drawn up, mingled with crowds of horsemen and carriages,
and glittering with the bayonets of the troops. The nearer we
approached, the more wonderful did this mass of human creatures
appear; and we never ceased looking and wondering, till the
motion of the boat told us we were in the surf of the beach.
. This was another and an equally curious spectacle. The steersman
watched minutely every cresting wave, putting the boat round
when any too big to be kept a head of us approached, and
urging the paddlers, who screamed and yelled all the more discord-

318 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

antly as each surf tumbled beside the boat and carried her on
the top of its foaming crest, letting her down bodily on the hard
sand every time, with a crack that would break any ordinary
vessel to pieces. Our boat, when fairly aground, was hauled a
little way out of the rollers, opposite an alley in the crowd, where
Lord Tweeddale and his staff stood ready to receive us. We
landed one by one, in chairs carried by black fellows, who were so
quick in their motions, that all four of us were out in half a minute.
The guns in the battery immediately saluted, and the bands
struck up “God save the Queen,” while the English, who formed
the greater part of the crowd nearest us, hurraed, greeted us with
hats off and handkerchiefs, and the troops gave the military salute.
We were introduced formally to Lord Tweeddale, who was gorgeous
in his Governor's uniform, broad ribbons, stars, and orders, and
especially in the attire and appearance of his body-guards, aides-
de-camp, and staff. The aides stuck close to us; for the crowd
drew round so fast that it was difficult to reach the carriages,
of which there were four: one for Lord Dalhousie, and the second
with Ladies Tweeddale and Dalhousie, who had come down to
meet the Governor-General, the third for Fane and your humble
servant, the fourth for Courtenay and Bell.

The start for the Government-House was very striking, for
here we were kept clear of the crowd by the Governor's body-
guard, a splendid troop of horse-soldiers, and all the cavalry
regiments, the whole under arms, with the bands playing. We
were no sooner in motion than a thousand carriages full of gaily
dressed people started with us, together with horsemen and
mounted ladies, and running natives, who escorted us the whole
way to the Governor-General's house: ourselves being immedi-
ately surrounded by the staff-officers and aides-de-camp, splen-
didly dressed, and mounted on iron-grey Arab horses. The troops
occupied a mile and a half on both sides, first the splendid
Madras cavalry, then the European, and lastly the native infantry. —
As we passed each, the band played the National Anthem,
and they kept up the salute till all the carriages had passed. - ER
was a gorgeous and stunning sight, but marred in some degree

MADRAS. 319

by the clouds of red dust which were carried along the road, and
by the immoderate heat of the weather.

Government-House consists of two noble buildings, situated in a
large grass-park, studded with trees of Mango, Date, Cocoa-nut,
Peepul, Tamarind, and above all Thespesia populnea. The building
where we alighted is the dwelling-house, of two stories, with pillared
front and broad arcades all round. At the door we were received by
the native servants, wearing white robes and turbans, broad scarlet
belts edged with gold, and each bearing a brass badge. The
public rooms are upstairs, large and lofty, built of brick covered
with chunam, a preparation of lime plaster, fine and smooth as
the best marble, of which all the interior work appeared built.
The broad stairs are beautifully carpeted, and the landing-place
surrounded with marble-like pillars and gilt arm-chairs. The
rooms themselves are quite cut up by the large punkahs, which
cross the lofty apartments from one side to the other beneath the
glass chandeliers. The floors, too, are covered with yellow
Chinese mats, for coolness sake, which take off from the effect of
the rich yellow silk furniture. I had not been long in the
drawing-room before I was accosted by Major Garsten, aide-de-
camp to Lord Tweeddale, and Resident at the court of the Nabob
of Arcot, whose palace-towers he showed me from the windows
of Government-House, and who reminded me of occupying the
same lodgings with him in Abercrombie Place (Edinburgh). He
seemed highly delighted to see me, put his rooms, barouche and
pair, and riding-horse at my disposal, and was as kind and at-
tentive as possible.

There was but a small dinner party: the guests consisted
chiefly of military gentlemen, among whom was General Cubbon,
Political Agent for all Mysore, almost the first appointment in
India, keeping state and honour like a Prince for all comers to
Bangalore. The surgeon had come down with him, from whom
I obtained a great deal of information about the cultivation of
cotton in his part of India, where the heat and dryness of the
summer cause wine-glasses to snap off at the stem without being
touched, and Teak-wood tables to split across the grain. He

320 DR. HOOKER’S MISSION TO INDIA.

knew and spoke highly of Dr. Wight, as did many persons. My
apartments were in Government-House, but detached; in fact,
I had a house or Bungalow all to myself, with bed-room, sitting-
room, and bath-room: all empty, hollow-like places with no
windows, but the walls all round formed of Venetian blinds, mats
for carpets, and the beds enclosed by mosquito curtains. Others
of us had tents pitched close to the house, which were very pretty,
and lined inside with chintz. Two of Lord Tweeddale’s aides-de-
camp live constantly in one of these tents, when at Madras; but
the Governor very generally resides with his suite at a country-
house called Ghindy, about seven miles off.

On Thursday morning we had to receive Admiral Inglefield of
H.M.S. “Vernon,” with Capt. Sir H. Blackwood of the “Fox,”
and several other naval officers from ships in the Madras roads. I
was very anxious to see Sir. H. Blackwood, whose brother, also a
captain in the R.N., I knew at Cambridge, and who is going in
the “ Fox” to survey the Teak forest of Moulmain, where he recom-
mends Government to buy a large piece of land and to build a dock-
yard which may supersede Bombay, the Teak of the Malabar coast
being all destroyed by injudicious felling. Lord Dalhousie had
intended staying only twenty-four hours at Madras, but was
persuaded to hold a levée on Friday, so the rest of Thursday was
spent in going on board the “ Moozuffer ” to fetch our clothes. In
the evening I called on Mr. James Thomson, brother of Dr. R. D.
Thomson of Glasgow, and a member of the mercantile house 1n
which our late friend Gideon T. was a partner. From him I
found that I could get Gideon’s plant-collector up from Cape
Comorin to Calcutta; and I expect to be able to retain him m
my service at the rate of twenty or twenty-five rupees per month
(27. or 27. 10s.). I had also to procure a Madras servant, if I
possibly could; but I failed, after a great deal of trouble. The
Madras servants, as is well known, will do more than a Benga-
lee, can speak a little English, and will stick to you longer,
through all parts of the country: very essential qualities for a
traveller. The one I first sent for was already engaged, the second

wanted twenty rupees a month, which I cannot afford, because —

MADRAS. 321

I must have five servants (besides plant-collectors) at wages of
from six to fourteen rupees a month, and the third, an old man,
who was willing to come for ten, I did not like the look of, and
thought I saw some flaws in his character; so, after a great deal
of enquiry, I am obliged to wait till I get to Bengal. In the
meantime my progress in the language is very slow.

In the town I saw a juggler carrying a hooded snake, the Cobra,
a beautiful creature, but of rather a sickly yellow colour, which
coiled round the man’s neck, and suffered itself to be teased to
frenzy. The juggler also swallowed an egg and brought it out by
his ear, and performed other tricks, all common in India, but so
familiar through early reading, that I cannot help mentioning
them now that the reality is witnessed. At the dinner-party to
day I had the pleasure to make acquaintance with Mr. and Mrs.
Walter Elliott. Mr. E., son of a late Governor, is, I think,
Colonial-Secretary, a very talented man, and fond both of anti-
quities and zoology. He asked me to breakfast with him the
next morning, and gratified me with a sight of many curiosities
and objects of antiquity.

In the afternoon of Friday we had to attend upon Lord Dal-
housie during a levée, at which all the Madras people, civil and
military, made their obeisance. It was held in a magnificent hall
or banqueting-room, detached from Government-House, having
a good deal the character of the noble Exchange-room in Glasgow.

I do not think I have any more about Madras worth relating
to you. The little leisure I could spare was devoted to the Agro-
Horticultural Society's Gardens, and to the inspection of Mr.
Elliott’s birds and animals.

Sir Laurence Peel’s, Garden Reach,
Caleutta, Jan. 20th, 1848:

Here I am on the banks of the Hoogly at last, with our excel-
lent friend Wallich’s pet, the H.E.L.C. Botanic Garden, looking me
full in the face from the side of the river opposite to where I now
am, J. D. H.

[The account of this garden and other matters relating to
India, will occupy a second portion of these notes.—En.]

VOL VII. 20

322 DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS.

A continuation of Dr. Lexcnnanprs Travels in New South Wales,
with some remarks by Rosert Hewarp, Esq., F.L.S.

In the sixth volume of this work some observations were pub-
lished on Dr. Leichhardt’s expedition to Port Essington, and at
- the close of the paper an intimation was given of the route Dr.
Leichhardt intended to pursue on a second journey. From un-
foreseen causes, which are detailed below, it will be found that Dr.
Leichhardt was compelled to return at a short period after the
commencement of his operations.

The expedition reached the Dawson river * without much diffi-
culty, the stream was then running so strong as to compel them
to take advantage of a large tree which had fallen across it, to
convey their baggage over. At Expedition Range, the rains set
in, and the ground soon became so boggy that the mules sank to
their bellies, and but slow progress was made. All the water-
courses and creeks between Expedition and Christmas Ranges
became flooded and compelled them to make a long détour to
head them.

Deception Creek and Comet Creek were swollen into immense
rivers, and all the surrounding country was inundated. Dr. Leich-
hardt had feared that. the Mackenzie would impede their pro-
gress, and on his arrival at that river, his fears were but too fully
realized. There had been several cases of illness as they travelled
through the scrub, but here the whole party were attacked by
fever, which subsequently assumed the character of fever and ague-
Dr. Leichhardt had an attack of it for nine days, and it left him
very weak for a long while after. They had to wait for three
weeks before the river was fordable, and after getting over, the
party were so exhausted by illness that they were wholly unable
to proceed, and had to remain for three weeks longer to recover
their strength. From the idea that change of place and slight
exertion would operate beneficially, Dr. Leichhardt resolved to
move on with the strongest of the party, and accordingly pro-
ceeded with the stock towards Peak Range, which was only sixty

* See map in Lond. Journal of Botany, vol. vi. p. 342.

DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS. 323

miles from the junction of the Comet and Mackenzie rivers.
After the first stage, however, their helplessness became so appa-
rent, that Dr. Leichhardt returned to the last halting-ground, where
the goats and sheep strayed away from the camp, no one being able
to watch them, and they were at length compelled to leave them

behind.

After a rest they again moved on for three days, and reached
the Downs of the Upper Mackenzie and Peak Range. Here the
loss of the horses compelled them to stop, and as they had no
more sheep, they killed the first head of cattle. They anticipated
that the change of diet, from fat mutton to dried beef, might
operate favourably on their health, but in this they were disap-
pointed, for as the rain set in while the meat was drying, it became
tainted and unpalatable. After having stopped here for nearly a.
fortnight, they again advanced about ten miles farther. At this
period their cattle strayed away and became dispersed in the
scrub, and frightened probably by the natives, became so wild
that they only succeeded in bringing back nine out of thirty-seven
after a fortnight’s absence from the camp. Here they killed
another bullock and dried the meat, and endeavoured by using
great vigilance to retain the others; but in spite of all their
efforts they broke away every night, and in five days they lost
them altogether. Dr. Leichhardt and the native after a week’s
anxious search came upon four, and brought them to camp,
where he found all his companions ill with fever, and the mules
and horses gone.

Dr. Leichhardt seeing that it was impossible to move forward
under these unfortunate circumstances made preparations for his
immediate return, and set about collecting the mules and horses,
the mules had strayed which they had not done since leaving
Charley’s Creek. They recovered three horses and three mules,
which increased their stock to ten horses and nine mules.

Leaving their tea, salt, shot, and other baggage behind, they
started on their road home, and after travelling thirty days without
any interruption, reached the camp of Messrs. Blyth and Chevel,
on the Condamine, on the 21st July, and on the 28th the station

202

324 DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS.

of Mr. H. S. Russel, on Darling Downs, where Dr. Leichhardt
proposed to leave his things till a new party was organized, which
he hoped would be about the beginning of May, 1848.

Since the above was written, accounts have reached this country
giving the details of another journey of Dr. Leichhardt’s, which
was undertaken with the view of examining the country to the
westward of the Darling Downs, between Sir Thomas Mitchell’s
track and the country gone over by himself in his expedition to
Port Essington.

He took his departure on the 9th of August last, accompanied
by three Europeans and a native. They followed their dray-track
to the head of Acacia Creek, which is a tributary of Dogwood
Creek. On the 15th they travelled down Acacia Creek, about
twelve miles W.N.W.; on the 18th they made Dogwood Creek at
his old crossing-place, in latitude 26° 24’, and continued for about

ten miles N.W. by W., following a small creek up to its head,
&nd coming to water-courses belonging to another creek, which
had been called Bottle-tree Creek,* on his first expedition. The
country was scrubby, with a few patches of open forest; the lati-
tude of the camp was 26° 20. On the 17th they followed the
water-course down to Bottle-tree Creek, which was well supplied
with water, and crossing it, came on a fine rocky creek with run-
ning water, about two miles W.S.W. from the latter; the inter-
vening country was a rotten, rusty Gum forest (Hucalypti), with
occasional patches of Cypress Pine (Callitris) and forest Oak
(Casuarina torulosa, Willd.); they at length came to a fine open
flat or undulating fron-bark forest (ucalypti), which seemed to
continue to the eastward, and encamped on a chain of fine water-
holes about twelve miles W.S.W. from their last camp. On the
18th they travelled about twelve miles and a half S.W.; two miles
and a half from the camp they came to a good-sized creck, with
the water filtering through the sand and pebbles; in following "
up between hills and ledges of rock, they came on a table-land
with patches of scrubby underwood. To the S.W. there were

* The Bottle-tree, from which this creek is named, is the Brachychiton of Dr.
Lindley.

DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS. 325

other creeks and gullies, which compelled them to keep to the
southward, to reach a more open country. Here the Bricklow
(Acacia sp.) scrub re-appeared, which, with one exception, had not
been seen since they quitted the left bank of Dogwood Creek. They
then entered upon a Box (Zucalyptus sp.) flat, which widened as
they followed down its dry water-courses, in a southerly, and even
south-easterly direction, and when the Bricklow scrub, which
skirted the flat, ceased and allowed them to travel to the S.W.,
they passed for four miles over most beautiful, well-grassed, and
open Box ridges; this open country extended to the S.E. as far
_ as the eye could reach. In latitude 26° 32’ they came to a fine
creek, with very large ponds of permanent water, surrounded with
reeds, and with Myal groves (Acacia pendula, A. Cunn.) along its
banks. The open Box forest to this creek induced Dr. Leichhardt
to believe that he could proceed on a westerly course; but after a
few miles traveling they were checked by scrub, which pushed |
them to the south-east, until they came back to the creek they

had left, which they followed down for a few miles in latitude
26° 39. The country to the left was still open, but to the right,
Bricklow scrub approached very nearly the banks of the creek.
The water-holes, though well provided with water, were all boggy,
and the creek turned to the south-east and east-south-east. In
travelling to the westward they entered into a dense Bricklow
scrub, which continued for nine miles, when the country again
opened into fine Box ridges and undulations. A small creek was
followed, well provided with water-holes, for about four miles to
the westward, when it turned to the southward, and having
crossed a ridge, they came to another creek of the same character,
running north and south, on which they camped in latitude 26° 43’,
having made about thirteen miles W.S.W. from their last camp.
One mile and a half to the westward of this creek there was
another small one, and four miles farther on, they crossed a large
creek with high flood-marks, and with lofty Box ridges, particu-
larly on its right .bank. Dr. Leichhardt thinks that the open
Box country of the four last-mentioned creeks extends in an
easterly direction round the scrub they had crossed to the first

326 DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS.

creek, and then in a southerly direction to a large creek or river,
which is formed by the combined Dogwood Creek and Bottle-tree
Creek. Soon after having crossed the largest of those creeks,
which had received the name of “ Emu Creeks,” in consequence
of numerous tracks of Emus on the young grass, they entered
into Bricklow scrub, which became so dense, that after five miles
travelling they were glad to follow a very winding water-course to
the S.E.; it enlarged into a chain of large and deep water-holes,
which seemed to be the constant resort of numerous natives, who
had constructed their bark gunyas (huts) at most of them.
Having followed it down for seven miles they encamped in lat.
26° 48’. This creek continues for ten miles S.S.W. before it
meets Dogwood Creek. The country is open, but the ground is
rotten, and timbered with Cypress Pine, forest Oak, and Apple
tree (Angophora lanceolata, Cav.), which is here anything but the
indication of a good country; the scrub ceased about two miles
and a half above the junction. They then turned to the westward
and travelled three miles, and came to the deep channel of a large
creek, with flood-marks above the banks ; the latter were frequently
formed by perpendicular rocks; the bed was sandy, and rather
boggy, in consequence of the slight stream of water which was
filtering through the sands. A small narrow-leaved Tea-tree -
(Leptospermum sp.) was growing along the water’s edge. Cypress
Pine and White Gum (Eucalyptus sp.) formed a tolerably open
forest ; they camped on the right bank of this creek, in lat. 26° 55.
‘Two of the party who had gone to shoot ducks, did not come up
to the camp that night nor the next day, and fearing that some
accident had happened, Dr. Leichhardt returned to search for
them. The following morning the missing pair joined, and ex-
plained their absence, by having come on the fresh tracks of
another party, which they followed until they observed the want
of mules' tracks, which induced them to return to the place where
they had encamped. They had seen a great number of natives,
amongst whom they recognised a man and his gin (wife), by 2
white spot which the latter had on her neck. These two

visited the camp at Charley’s Creek, when starting for Peak —

DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS. 8217

Range on Dr. Leichhardt's second expedition. At that time
many natives from the Balonne passed Charley's Creek to go to
the Bunya Bunya district.* They now travelled down the little
creek to its junction with Dogwood Creek, and followed the latter
for a mile and a half, where the large sandy creek joined it.
Below this junction Dogwood Creek increases very much in size,
and the high flood-marks on the Box trees that cover the flats
indicate the large body of water which sweeps down its channel
during the rainy season. They continued on a westerly course,
and left the river, which turned to the southward; but Bricklow
scrub and sandstone gullies compelled them to bear to the south a
little, and they encamped on a small scrubby creek, about ten miles
west by south from the junction of Sandy Creek, For the next
eleven miles to the westward they travelled over a scrubby Myal
country, with patches of open puffy Iron-bark (Eucalyptus sp.)
forest and of Cypress Pine. At this stage a conspicuous hill was
in sight to the southward. They then came toa river running
from the northward, with high but irregular banks, lined with
large Water-Gum (Eucalyptus sp.); its bed was sandy, containing
pebbles of fossil-wood, broken pieces of agate, and variously-
coloured flint and quartz; it was overgrown with Tea-tree, and
was well provided with water-holes. Judging from its size, its
course could not be less than 180 miles, and the presence of
fossil-wood and agate induced them to believe that it came from
a downs country. Dr. Leichhardt suspected that it was Robin-
son's Creek which he had formerly crossed in lat. 25° 30’, about
ninety miles above their present crossing place. The country
along its banks was closely timbered with Box and Box saplings.
They here saw the tracks of five horses coming from the eastward,
and apparently passing down the river. Fourteen miles to the
west of this river, which was distinguished by the name of “ Horse-
track River,” they came to a large creek trending to the S.E.
The intervening country was generally scrubby, with occasional
patches of open forest. Near some clusters of Cypress Pine, the

* They go there for the purpose of procuring the seeds of the Bunya Bunya
(Araucaria Bidwilli, Hook.) for food. -

328 DR. LEICHHARDT’S TRAVELS.

deep burrows of a probably unknown animal were observed.
The entrance was by a large hole, four or five feet deep, from
the bottom of which the burrow passed horizontally under ground.
Tt was about one foot and a half in diameter, and would indicate
an animal of the size of the beaver. Its tracks resembled those
of a child two or three years old, and its dung was like
that of the kangaroo. The creek was lined with Water-gum and
Tea-tree, and well provided with large reedy water-holes; it
was called “the Yahoo River.” At night, when they were
sitting round the fire, they heard a loud shrill disagreeable call
of a night bird; Woommai, the native, succeeded in shooting it,
and it proved to be a beautiful little owl. Ten miles west of the
“Yahoo,” they crossed another large creek, with large reedy water-
holes in its sandy bed. The intervening country is covered with
Cypress Pine and Dodonæa scrub. When seen from the west-
ward of the large creek, which was named “ Frederick’s Creek,”
it appeared in form of a low range; the approaches from the
eastward of the creek were fine and open. They continued
their course to the westward for ten miles over sandy ridges,
covered with most wretched Cypress Pine scrub, and came to a
large creek with reedy water-holes and sandy bed, which was
called * Bunce’s Creek ;” its direction was from S.W. to N.E.
The slopes towards the creek were openly timbered with Box;
_beyond it there was a long range extending from north to south,
which they crossed in latitude 26° 59’. Scarcely two miles to
the westward they came to sandstone ridges which were covered
with scrub, composed of Cypress pine, Dodonea, and Bricklow,
and which extended fully ten miles to the westward. Here
another species of Acacia, akin to the Bricklow, formed a scrub
worse than any they had yet met; dead timber made the road
extremely circuitous, and the progress slow, and as it was fre-
quently overgrown with thick underwood, it became dangerous
for the mules and horses to pass through it. Being tired of an
„apparently never-ceasing succession of these Acacia ridges, they
followed a water-course W. 30° S. for about three or four miles,
and found a good supply in a rocky water-hole. Shortly after

-

DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS. 829

having encamped, three natives walked boldly up to them, after
having cooeed and having received a cooee in return. Dr.
Leichhardt and Mr. Isaacs met them about fifty yards from the
camp to ascertain, if possible, whether they were near the Colgoon,
which they expected soon to see ; however, they could not make
themselves understood, but parted good friends, after having given
the natives three brass buttons each; there was no doubt that
they had seen white men before. In coming down the little
creek they had seen a fine plain to the eastward, and when they
left it and travelled to the westward, they passed over very fine
open Box ridges. Six miles from the little creek, and about twenty
miles west of Bunce’s Creek, they came to a water-course with a
deep but dry bed, though with some ponds full of water parallel
to it. The country continued open for about three miles to the
westward of it, but at that distance a very scrubby mountainous
country commenced ; this river was the Colgoon, but not finding
Sir Thomas Mitchell’s track, Dr. Leichhardt supposed he was out
in his reckoning, and determined to push to the westward until
he came to the track. After going for seven miles over the scrubby
mountain, they came to a large creek which ran to the northward,
and encamped on this creek in latitude 27°, and followed it for
about four miles ; it preserved its mountainous character, and they
subsequently left it to continue to the westward. The next six-

‘teen miles was over a succession of Acacia ridges and creeks,

which turned all to the N.E. and E.N.E. to join the North Creek,
among which were patches of very fine Box and Myal country.
Shortly after they fell in with a water-course going S.S.W., which
was followed for about ten miles before they came to water, and
that only after having camped a night without it. From a fine
rocky water-hole of this little creek they travelled about two miles
to the westward, when they discovered Sir Thomas Mitchell’s
returning tracks, and Mr. Kennedy’s three-cart tracks outward
bound.* About five miles to the northward they came to camp
80, on a litttle creek with good water-holes, in lat. 26° 53’. They
continued to follow the tracks of Mr. Kennedy to lat. 26° 35’ and

: * Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. vi. p. 372.
VOL. VII. 2P

330 DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS.

passed his camp 79; examined the country along a small creek
joining the river at that camp; returned on their tracks to the
place where they had first met Sir Thomas Mitchell’s tracks, and
followed them down to lat. 27° 30’, passing his camp 81. Between
these two camps, which are very nearly forty miles distant from
each other, they had to camp without water, and Mr. Kennedy
appeared to have shared the same fate, for they found that he had
tried to obtain it by digging in the sandy bed of the creek. After
having seen sixty miles of Sir Thomas Mitchell’s track, and finding
that the country did not agree with his description of Fitz Roy
` Downs, Dr. Leichhardt concluded that he was on the Maranoa,
and that the little river they had crossed was really the Colgoon.
They now returned to the eastward, to make the Balonne; and
trace that river up to the junction of Dogwood Creek and the
Condamine of Allan Cunningham, and to ascertain where those
various creeks and rivers they had previously crossed joined the main
stream. After travelling for eighteen miles through a thick Brick-
low scrub, with a few interruptions of open ground, they came to
a chain of fine large ponds; and about three miles farther found
the Balonne. All the hollows, flats, and gullies along the river
had been covered with water, and the flood-marks were visible _
full five feet above the banks on the trees; its course Was
from N.E. by N. to S.W. by S. They soon after passed the
junction of a deep creek or gully, and camped in latitude 27° 24, `
in tolerably open country. About three miles to the northward
they saw Sir Thomas Mitchell’s tracks leaving the river, but they
were generally very faint. In lat. 27° 18’ a large creek joined
the Balonne and it was supposed to be the Colgoon. The country
below the junction of this creek is open, and by far the best they
had seen along the right bank of the river. Above the Colgoon
it is generally closely wooded, with some open patches; from the
. junction of the Colgoon to the junction of Sandy Creek, the
Balonne runs from E.N.E. to W.S.W., with wide bends to the
southward ; their second camp from the Balonne was in lat. 27?1T.
About twenty-four miles from the junction of the Colgoon, up the
river, another large creek joins it; it comes from N. 35° E, and

DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS. 331

corresponds to Bunce’s Creek and Frederick’s Creek, which most
probably join before meeting the Balonne. Six miles below, and
two miles above this creek, tltey saw trees marked with an H.
Sixteen miles beyond, a third large creek joins the Balonne, this
was supposed to be the Yahoo; twelve miles above this they
passed the junction of the Horsetrack River, and twenty-five to
thirty miles higher, were again at the junction of Sandy Creek.
Between these two rivers, about eight to ten miles below Sandy
Creek, Mr. Bunce and Woommai had observed the junction of a
large creek from the left side, and Dr. Leichhardt supposes that
this is the Condamine, which has been followed down to its junc-
tion with Dogwood Creek. They followed Dogwood Creek up to lat.
26? 56', crossed it, and travelled about eleven miles E. by N., when
they came on one of its bends to the southward in lat. 26? 53’,
in a fine open country. In continuing the course E. by N. they
passed over some very fine country and came to the Condamine
on a very remarkable bend, below which they found the letter B
marked on a tree. Three miles higher up the river they camped
in 26° 49’. Nine miles further to the east they came again to the
river, which had made a large bend to the northward ; they crossed
it, continued about seven miles to the eastward, and approached
the river a second time. They had just encamped, when Woom-
mai heard the neighing of a horse; a gun was immediately fired,
which was answered by the crack of a stock whip, and shortly
afterwards Mr. Ewer came up to the party, and gave them the
agreeable intelligence that they were near his station.

On Dr. Leichhardt’s return to Sydney, Captain Perry kindly
permitted him to inspect Sir T. Mitchell’s map, of which he says :

* His Fitz Roy Downs commence about ten or fifteen miles
above the place where I crossed the Colgoon. He could not have
seen the river Balonne to the east of his Grafton Range, when
he was standing on Mount Abundance; it was very probably
Bunce’s Creek. I am inclined to believe that similar patches of
open country exist at the head of Bunce's Creek, Frederick's
Creek, Yahoo River, Horse-track River, and perhaps even of
Sandy Creek, but I do not think that they form an uninterrupted

332 DR. LEICHHARDT'S TRAVELS.

belt of downs above the scrubs of their lower course. I find he
has crossed my track at Expedition Range, but further to the
westward than I did; his Mudge-kye is the most distant of my
Christmas Range, his Mantuan Downs are my Albimi Downs;
his Nogoa is my Comet River, though I did not go so far up as
to see the junction of the Salvator and the Claude; and I am
afraid that as his Belyando turns out to be the Cape, his Victoria
will turn out to be the Clarke, the largest tributary of the Burdekin
from the westward. A dray road will he found practicable in the
dry season from Mitchell’s track along the Balonne and the Con-
damine (which is one of its principal heads), to Darling Downs.
Should stations be formed on the heads of these various creeks,
the respective roads will have to follow down the creek, and
join the main road along the Balonne, which will be rendered
extremely circuitous and difficult by numerous gullies, back-waters,
and deep creeks, which join that river. The stations will become
very isolated in consequence of those broad belts of scrubby
country intervening between the creeks. The natives appear to
form powerful tribes along the Balonne and its numerous lagoons,
and would be dangerous enemies along the scrubs, which would
allow them a secure retreat from their aggressions. Considering
the long and precarious land-carriage, and the high rate of wages,
particularly in such remote stations, I do not believe that sheep-
farming will pay, even as far as the Maranoa, which at camp
80 of Sir Thomas Mitchell would be very eligible for the pur-
pose. But the road from that camp to Maitland will in all pro-
bability be found shorter than that to Moreton Bay. The distance
from Brisbane to the junction of the Colgoon with the Balonne
would be, according to my estimate, 232 miles; but the dray-road
will prove to be at least 440 miles. It is to be expected that
creeks, corresponding to those from the northward will join the
Balonne from the south and southeast, taking their rise in the
Mackintyre Ranges. Should the country at Peak Range be
settled upon, Sir Thomas Mitchell’s track will no doubt form the
road on which stock will move up to the latitude of that locality.” —

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 333

Contributions to the Botany of Soura America; by Joux Miers,
Ksq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.

(Continued from p. 64.)

DORYSTIGMA.

I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Lindley for allowing
me to examine and define several of the following Solanaceous
plants, and I take this opportunity (April, 1848,) of repeating
my obligations to Sir William Hooker for his liberal and kind
permission to describe the many following new species which,
during the last twelve months, I have found in his rich and ex-
tensive Herbarium.

In the Jaborosa group, and belonging to the genus above
mentioned, whose elements were defined in the London Journal
of Botany, vol. iv. p. 347, I have now to add a third species.

3. Dorystigma crispa, n. sp.; caulibus plurimis, cæspitosis ;
folis subfasciculatis, glaberrimis, carnosulis, irregulariter pinnati-
fido-laciniatis, in petiolum longum alatum decurrentibus, laciniis
latis brevibus, mucronato et sinuoso-dentatis, uninerviis, eveniis,
sinubus crispato-undulatis, margine subrevolutis; floribus cum
folis in collum fasciculatis, bracteis parvis, subulatis; corolla
extus imo glabra, superne pubescente, intus fauce lanuginosa, limbi
laciniis oblongis, obtusis, staminibus fere exsertis. — Bolivia
v. 8. in herb. Lindley. (Bridges, 1846.)

. This plant has very much the habit of the two species formerly
described, the leaves much resembling those of D. squarrosa,
(Illustr. So. Am. Plants, plate 6), being nine lines broad, the
petiole is one inch and a quarter, the blade one inch and three -
quarters, altogether three inches long; the peduncles six lines,

and the corolla six lines in length.

| SALPICHROMA.
In order to harmonize better with the names of the two ap-
proximate genera, Jochroma and Pæcilochroma, Y propose to sub-

334 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

stitute that of Salpichroma for Salpichroa, the genus described in
the Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 321. The plants from Columbia
and New Grenada, there alluded to in p. 325, I now find to
belong to a new species, very distinct from Dr. Meyen’s Afropa
hirsuta, of which I have since seen an original specimen. The
number of species, to which I have still to add another, will there-
fore stand as follows.

§. Eusalpichroma 1. Salpichroma glandulosa, loc. cit.
» dependens, ib.

» hirsuta, infra descrip.
à ramosissima, loc. cit.

3

4.

5. » diffusa, n. sp. infra deser.
6

7

a

P tristis, n. sp. infra descr.
+ eS rhomboidea, loc. cit.
8. x ciliata, ib.

3. Salpichroma Airsuta. Atropa hirsuta, Meyen. (Riese em
die Erde, vol. i. p. 466. Nees ab Esenb. Nov. Act. 19. Suppl.
1. p. 389): caule suffruticoso, ramosissimo, diffuso, ramulis mol-
liter hirsutis; foliis alternis vel in turionibus fasciculatis, ovatis, bast
obtusis, inæqualibus, apice acutiusculis, utrinque pilis articulatis
sparse hirsutis longissime petiolatis, petiolo complanato, tenuis-
simo, ciliato, limbo 3 vel 4-plo longiore; pedunculo capillari pe-
tiolo breviore; calyce hirsuto, profunde 5-partito, laciniis lineari-
subulatis, erectis; corolla longe tubulosa, extus pilosula, tubo imo
gracili, superne infundibuliformi, calyce 4-plo longiore et petiolo
æquilongo, antheris styloque sub-exsertis; bacca ovalis, calyce
persistente suffulta.— Peruvia, circa Pisacomam, altit. 15,000 ped.
—v. s. in herb. Hooker (Atropa hirsuta, Dr. Meyen). |

The specimen above referred to, being named by Dr. Meyen
himself, leaves no doubt as to the identity of the species, so that
in accordance with it, I have given the above amended diagnosis.
Nees v. Esenbeck describes the plant as being much branched
but the specimen here referred to, consists only of a small single |
branchlet, which is slender, with alternate distant leaves, the blade —
being about nine lines long, and six lines broad, the petiole almost ——

§. Perizoma

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 335

filiform, measuring sixteen lines, and the peduncle eight lines,
the calyx four lines, the tube of the corolla sixteen lines, with five
reflexed, short, ovate segments of one line and a half; the berry
is about seven lines long and four lines diameter.*

5. Salpichroma diffusa, (n. sp.) : caule suffruticoso, ramosissimo,
divaricato-flexuoso ; foliis geminis, ovatis, basi obtusis, apice sub-
acutis, utrinque pilis articulatis hirsutulis, margine floccoso, petiolo
dilatato limbo breviore; floribus solitariis, breviter pedunculatis,
calyce 5-partito, hirsuto, laciniis linearibus; corolla subbrevi,
infundibuliformi, tubo nullo modo gracili, ore subcoarctato, calyce
2-plo, aut vix 3-plo longiore, extus pubescente, limbi laciniis
oblongis, obtusiuseulis, reflexis, margine ciliatis, genitalibus in-
clusis.—America occidentalis intertropica.—v. s. in herb. Hook.
Nova Grenada (Bogota, Goudot), Quito (Lloa, Jameson, No. 301),
(Pichincha, Jameson, No. 32), Andibus Peruvianis, (Me Lean.)

The above named plants are those which I had referred, on the
occasion before quoted, to the species last described, they will,
however, be seen to be evidently difierent : their leaves measure
nine lines in length, seven lines in breadth, the petiole being
about four lines, the peduncle and calyx each three lines, the tube
of the corolla six lines, and its border about two lines.t

6. Salpichroma #istis, (n. sp.): humilis, suffruticosa, ramis
flexuosis, subdichotomis, nudis, striato-rugosis, ramulis tenuis-
simis, brevibus; foliis geminatis minoribus, obovatis, apice sub-
acutis, basi obtusatis, in petiolum planum caniculatum decurren-
tibus, carnosulis, eveniis, utrinque glanduloso-pubescentibus ;
floribus solitariis, pedicellatis, nutantibus : calyce subglabro pro-
funde 5-partito, laciniis lineari-subulatis, acutis; corolla tubulosa,
tubo imo latiore glabro, staminibus styloque inclusis glabris.
—Quito. v. s. in herb. Hook. (Andibus Peruvianis, Me Lean.)
(Andibus Quitensibus, Jameson, No. 125.)

Having seen other specimens of the above plant, I am now
enabled to offer it as a very distinct species. Tt appears to be a
very diminutive shrub, of stunted Alpine growth, with short tor-
- * This species will be delineated in the Illustr. South Amer. Plants, plate 28, A.

+ This plant will be figured in the Illustr. South Amer. Plants, plate 28, B.
2a?

336 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

tuose knotty branches, and only a few inches im height ; it throws
out a few leaf-bearing branchlets as slender as the petioles, from
half an inch to an inch in length, each exhibiting about three
pairs of geminate leaflets, giving them much the appearance of
being a pinnated leaf: the leaflets are two lines and a quarter
long, and one line and a half broad, upon a channelled, flattened
petiole, one line and three quarters in length: the calyx is cleft
nearly to the base, into five, equal, narrow, subulate segments,
two lines long: the tube of the corolla is about five lines long,
one line and a half in diameter, with five short triangular reflexed
teeth: the stamens arise from the middle of the tube, and are not
exserted : the ovarium is conico-ovate, seated upon:a thick, fleshy
ring: the style is somewhat curved at the apex, and thickened
towards the stigma, which is hollow, with an obsoletely bilobed
margin. Both the leaves and flowers become quite black in
drying, a peculiarity noticed upon a former occasion in other
species of this genus: the bark of the woody branches is greyish,
finely shagreened with raised dots.*

LYCIOPLESIUM.

To this genus, proposed in the Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. iv.
(Note) p. 220, I have now to add another species.

6. Lycioplesium fasciculatum, (n. sp.) : spinosum, ramulis sub-
flexuosis, fere rugosis; foliis alternis, vel in axillas fasciculatis,
oblongo-spathulatis, glabris, carnosulis, nervis pinnatis immersis,
basi in petiolum subbrevem spathulatis, apice obtusis; floribus in
medio spinarum binis, vel ex apice cum foliis plurimis enatis,
verticillato-fasciculatis, pedunculis calyceque subpubescentibus ;
corollæ tubo brevi, summo campanulato, extus pubescente, limbo
profunde 5-partito, lobis expansis, margine albido-floccosis, stami-
nibus styloque exsertis.— Bolivia (Bridges Collect. 1846.)

This shrub very much resembles in habit the five species for-
merly described ; the spines are from six to nine lines long, the
leaves (including a petiole of three lines) are one inch and à

* For a figure of this species see Illustr, South Amer. Plants, plate 28,C. — À

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 397

quarter long, and five lines wide, they are of a bright green colour,
somewhat thick and fleshy, smooth on both sides, and above are
quite polished ; the peduncles are half an inch long, the calyx is
two lines, the corolla, including the lobes of the border, is from
six to eight lines in length.*

DUNALIA.

In the Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 333, I offered an amended
character of this genus, founded upon the observations made upon
a new species there described (p. 334), and which was figured in
the Ilustr. South Amer. Plants, plate 2. Since then, in the
fine herbarium of Sir William Hooker, which is enriched with
the collections of almost every South American traveller, I have
seen a specimen of the typical species, D. Solanacea, H.B.K.
of which an excellent figure is given by Professor Kunth in the
Nov. Gen. et Sp. tab. 194; but in this instance, the whole
plant is not almost glabrous, as is there represented: on the
contrary, the stem, the petiole, and the under side of the leaves,
are covered with stellate tomentum, which is also seen in the
nervures of their upper surface; the flowers, in like manner, are
densely clothed with similar tomentum. I find, too, that the tube
of the corolla is not so slender, nor is the border so deeply cleft
as there shown, being more sinuated with shorter and more obtuse
lobes, approaching more the form seen in D. Lycioides, (loc. cit.)
The difference in habit of these two species is very remarkable,
and from their external appearance, in one case, the peculiar —
pubescence, its large leaves, its spineless branches, its dense fascicle
of flowers, offer so great a contrast to the general habit of the
other, that no one would pronounce them to belong to the same
genus. I have now to add three new species, two very spinose,
from Bolivia, and one, almost spineless, from Mexico, the latter
being remarkable for the greater size of its corolla. It might,
indeed, be easily mistaken for a species of Jochroma, were it not
for its appendiculate filaments and smaller calyx.

* This species, with sectional details, will be shown in the Illustr. South Amer.
Plants, plate 29. ——— i

338 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

An examination of Dunalia acnistoides will show how very in-
timately Dunalia is allied to Acnistus. In the latter genus, the
filaments are generally flattened below the middle, and gradually
expanded towards the point of insertion, and if we conceive the
dilated margins to become split, or torn away from the central
portion, we should find an Aenistus, thus, at once, converted into
a Dunalia: there appears to me, indeed, no other difference .
between this and the typical species, where the flowers are
numerously aggregated, and Acnistus; in the other spinescent
species, where the flowers are few or solitary, the dissimilitude in
habit is very remarkable. On this account it will probably be
desirable to divide Dunalia into two sections :—1st. CoNFERTI-
FLOR, containing 1. D. solanoides; 2. D. acnistoides; and
2nd. PaucrrLorz, containing 3. D. Zycioides, 4. D. brachyacantha, —
5. D. senticosa, and 6. D. ramiflora, enumerated below.

$. ConFERTIFLORA.

2. Dunalia acnistoides, (n. sp.) : inermis, ramis striatis, glaber-
rimis; foliis alternis, (floriferis geminis vel ternis) elliptico-
oblongis, acutiusculis, imo in petiolum longum gracilem canicula-
tum attenuatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra glanduloso-pruinosis
subtus pallide glaucis, rachi prominente nervisque pinnatis ruben-
tibus: floribus in axillis superioribus plurimis (circiter 20), fas-
ciculato-aggregatis, petiolo æquilongis, pedunculis filiformibus
calyceque glabris, corollæ tubo glabro calyce 4-plo longiore; lobis
brevibus, extus tomentosis; staminibus inclusis, infra
insertis, appendicibus filamento glabro tertio brevioribus, imoque
tubi pubescentibus; stylo glabro vix exserto.—Huanaco, Peruviæ.
v. s. in herb. meo (Mathews, No. 849, * Lycium spathulatum”
dicta).

This plant so exactly resembles an Acnistus, and possesses S0 —
little the appearance of a Dunalia, that I did not doubt the cor-
rectness of Mathews’s decision when on a former occasion I ad
ferred it to Acuistus spathulatus (Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. 1v.
p. 341). Although much resembling in habit the Zycium spatht- — —
latum of the Flora Peruviana, the flowers are far more numerous — —

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 339

and considerably smaller than in that species. Its leaves are three
inches long, and one and a quarter broad, on a slender caniculate
petiole three quarters of an inch long; the peduncle is about six
lines, the calyx one line in length, tubular, obsoletely five-toothed,
the corolla is four lines long, slender at base, slightly infundibuli-
form above, with lobes somewhat expanded, tomentose outside,
and on the margin, half a line long and broad, without any interme-
diate tooth in each sinus: the filaments are one line and a quarter,
the appendices two-thirds of a line, and the anthers half a line

long.
$. PAUCIFLORE. —

4. Dunalia brachyacantha, (n. sp.) : pores spinosa, glaber-
rima, ramis vix flexuosis, spinis nudis, brevibus; foliis in axillis
fasciculatis, in turionibus alternis, oblongis, in petiolum elongatum
tenuem spathulatis, obtusis, utrinque glabris, supra lucidis, subtus
flavescenti-pallidis, pinnato-nervosis, marginibus subrevolutis ;
floribus sub-ternis, pedunculis 1-floris, gracilibus, calyce glabro,
curte tubuloso, membranaceo, 5-nervio, breviter 5-dentato ;
corolla violacea, longe tubulosa, limbo angusto, breviter 5-lobo,
marginibus floccosis, lobis triangularibus, apice callosis, dentibus
rotundatis glabris in sinubus interjectis : staminibus inclusis.
— Bolivia. v. s. in herb. Lindley (Bridges Coll., 1846).

This species, although very distinct from D. /ycioides, much
resembles it in its spinescent and glabrous habit; it has straighter
branches, much shorter spines, and larger leaves: its stem is
smooth, angular, and is marked with many small verrucose spots :
its spines are only four lines long, its leaves, exclusive of the
petiole, are two inches and a half long, and one inch broad, the

petiole measuring seven-eighths of an inch: the peduncle is nine
lines long, the calyx being two lines in length, and one line and
a half in diameter: the stamens arise from a contraction of the
tube, a little above its base, and are adnate to it by their central
nerve for the length of two lines, leaving the winged margins quite
free; from this point they become altogether detached and trifid,
the filament being capillary, and four or five lines long, the appen-

340 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

dages, which form a continuance of the winged margins, being
subulate, scarcely a line in length, and erect. The style is much
longer than the stamens, equalling the length of the corolla, and is
thickened towards the apex. The berry not yet ripe (as seen in
the specimen quoted), is three lines in diameter, supported on
the persistent membranaceous calyx. I regret that the seeds were
not sufficiently matured to determine the form of the embryo.

5. Dunalia sew/icosa, (n. sp.): ramis spinosis, tortuosis, vix
flexuosis, substriatis, rugosis: foliis parvis, oblongis, in petiolum
brevem spathulatis, obtusis, glabris, carnosulis, utrinque pallide
virescentibus : floribus solitariis, vel binis, uno precociore ; calyce
brevi, 5-gono, mucronato-dentato ; corolla violacea, longe tubu-
losa, limbo versus apicem pubescente, breviter sinuato, 5-lobo,
lobis 3-angularibus, callosis, margine tomentosis, dentibus longis
interjectis; staminibus inclusis, insequalibus.— Bolivia. v. 8. in
herb.- Lindley. (Bridges, anno 1846.)

The spines in this species are one inch in length, the leaves
(including a short petiole of two lines) are one inch long, and
three lines broad; the peduncle is thickened at the apex, and five
lines long; the calyx is one line and a half in length, and dia-
meter; the corolla is an inch long, and its tube two lines m
diameter, the stamens are included, two of them being rather
longer than the others, the lower half of the filaments adhering by
a central nerve from the base to nearly half the length of the tube
of the corolla, the two free-winged margins of which are also ter-
minated by long subulate teeth, a little more than a line long, 3$
in both the former species, and in D. Lycioides, the anthers are
also basi-fixed, and of a purplish colour: those of the two longer
stamens are within the mouth of the corolla, the others a little
below : the style is included, and of the length of the stamens.

5. Dunalia ramiflora, (n. sp.) : fruticosa, obsolete spinosa, ramis
striatis, glaberrimis; foliis apice ramorum fasciculatis, aut eX
axillis annotinis solitariis, vel geminis, oblongis, in petiolum elon-
gatum caniculatum tenuem spathulatis, obtusiusculis, utrinque
glabris, subtus pallidioribus, margine sub-revolutis,nervisflexuosis; —
floribus axillaribus, presertim in annotinis solitariis, rarius binis ; a

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 341

pedunculis gracilibus, 1-floris ; calyce brevi, campanulato, 5-nervio,
dentibus 5, obtusis ; corolla majuscula, virescente, tubo elongato,
infundibuliformi, glabro, intus imo tomentoso, limbo brevissimo,
campanulato, ciliato, 5-angulato, angulis acutis, dentibus brevibus
obtusis glabris interjectis, staminibus inæqualibus, tubo multo
brevioribus; stylo longe exserto.— Mexico. v. s. in herb. Hook.
(Galeotti, No. 1145, Vera Cruz, in uliginosis alt. 500 ped.)

This very distinct species is enumerated among Galeotti’s
Mexican plants (Enum. Acad. Reg. Brux. tom. xii. Bull. No. 2.)
under the name of “ Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ? Wild," and is said
to be found also near Jalisco, in the Province of Guadalaxara, at
an elevation of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, and at Juquila, near the
coast at Oaxaca, on the borders of the Pacific, at the same eleva-
tion. The specimen consists of a simple, erect, and nearly straight
stem, with internodes of three quarters of an inch distant; these
mostly exhibit large cicatrices of the fallen leaves of the previous
year, and above these arise, generally, a pair of recent leaves, and a
solitary pendent flower : at the termination of the branch, the axils
become closer, the leaves and flowers more fasciculated : only a
single rectangular spine is here seen, which is half an inch in length :
the leaves are quite spathulate, one inch and three quarters long,
in addition to the caniculate petiole of half an inch im length, into
which they are gradually attenuated ; they are six lines and a half
wide at the broadest part near the summit, are quite glabrous,
marked with about five pairs of nervures, which are remarkably —
flexuose : the peduncles are one inch and a quarter, to one inch
and a half long, very slender, but thickening towards the apex, -
and quite glabrous; the calyx is small, campanular, two lines
long, membranaceous, with five prominent nerves, and five short
rounded teeth, marked on the edge with a marginal nerve; the
corolla is one inch and a half long, contracted for about three
lines at the base, and thence slightly infundibuliform, spreading
into a short campanular mouth tomentose outside, with a pent-
angular ciliate border, the angles being acute, and exhibiting in.
the plicature of the sinus, a prominent, glabrous, rounded tooth ;

the filaments arising from the upper part of the contraction of the 3 7

9R

342 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

tube, are unequal, varying from six to nine lines in length, the
lateral appendices are scarcely more than two lines long; the
number of stamens I have found to be eight in one instance,
and four only in another, with a sterile fifth, but these, no
doubt, are the result of irregularity; the lower part of the
filaments are very woolly for about three lines in length, above
which they are slender, terete, and glabrous, the anthers are erect,
the ovarium is small, and the style, almost capillary, thickening
slightly towards the apex, is from two to six lines longer than the
corolla.

IOCHROMA.

A very pretty Solanaceous shrub with long purple flowers, now
well known in our gardens, was first noticed by Mr. Bentham,
and was selected by that distinguished botanist as the type of a
new genus, under the name of Jochroma tubulosa: with this, he
at the same time, associated two other species, and I subsequently -
added another, evidently congeneric with these two plants last-
mentioned, (I. wacrocalyæ, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. W.
p. 309,) and an excellent figure of this was at the same time
kindly contributed by Sir William Hooker. At the period when
I described the plant last alluded to, I had not seen the Jochroma
tubulosa, Benth., or I should then have hardly ventured to pro-
pose the genus Chenesthes, for the plants there described under
that name. By the kindness of Dr. Lindley, I was furnished,
last year, with a living specimen of Zockroma tubulosa, in flower
and in fruit, and am now therefore prepared to compare the relation
of this typical species with other analogous plants. Subsequent
observations upon this group have led me to the conclusion, that
all the plants which I formerly associated under the name of
Chenesthes, differ but little from the typical species last alluded
to, being only distinguished by an occasional splitting of the
persistent calyx in fruit, and by their flowers being always scarlet
or of a deep orange colour, instead of a dark purple: they have
all, the same long, tubular corolla, spreading very little in the a
mouth into a very short campanular border, which is almost entire, — —

SOUPH AMERICAN BOTANY. 343

and furnished with five very short teeth: the stamens and pis-
tilluin are all alike in structure, and I perceive no difference in
. the fruit or seed. Chenesthes, therefore, as a genus, must verge
into that of Iochroma, a name that ill accords with a scarlet
corolla, but one that must remain on the score of priority. I
suggest, however, the propriety of dividing the genus into two
sections, one Jochroma proper, with a purple or greenish corolla,
the other Chenesthes, with red and orange flowers. To both these
sections I will here add several new species, proposing, hereafter,
to illustrate by appropriate figures, the structure of each section
respectively. The three plants first alluded to, I propose to sepa-
rate from Zockroma, under the name of Cleochroma, for the reasons
stated under that head (p. 348.) Dr. Walpers (Repert. vol vi.
p. 629) refers Jochroma to the tribe Cestrinee, and in a note
(ibid, 620) says it hardly differs, as a genus, from Cestrum. This
statement I cannot in any degree confirm ; on the contrary, after
a careful analysis, on which the following generic character is
founded, it will be seen that Jochroma most unquestionably
belongs to the tribe Solanea.

Tocnroma, Bth. (Bot. Reg. vol. xxx. tab. 20.) Calyx ovato-
tubulosus, subinflatus, submembranaceus, 5-dentatus, dentibus
inequalibus, interdum fere obsoletis, demum parum auctus, per-
sistens, et in fructus grossificatione sæpe lateraliter hinc fissus.
Corolla tubulosa, calyce 4-6-plo longior, medio subincurva et
subdilatata, limbo brevissimo, vix expanso, æstivatione plicato,
margine pene integro, floccoso, dentibus 5, minimis, rotundatis, et
alteris 5 quasi obsoletis in sinubus intermediis notata. Stamina 5,
subinclusa ; filamenta teretia, paulo supra basin tubi inserta, imo
crassiuscula, tomentosa, superne gracilia, glabra ; anther oblongæ,
2-loculares, imo paulo discrete, in sinu basifixæ, loculis parallelis
coadunatis rima externa longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium
obovatum, imo disco annulari fere obsoleto cinctum, 2-loculare,
ovulis plurimis, dissepimento incrassato, utrinque affixis. Stylus fili-
formis, apice paulo incrassatus, sæpissime exsertus. Stigma clavato-
capitatum, emarginato-2-lobum. Bacea calyce membranaceo vesi-
ciforme, interdum hinc fisso, inclusa, 2-locularis. Semina numerosa;

2R2

344 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

compressa, reniformi-rhomboidea, in pulpam tenuem nidulantia,
testa scrobiculata. Hmbryo intra albumen carnosum fere annu-
laris, filiformis, cotyledonibus semiteretibus, radicula paulo curvata,
infera, ab hilo laterali declinante, æquilongis.

Suffrutices Americæ intertropicæ indigene ; folia alterna, petio-
lata, elliptica, integra: flores rarius axillares, bini, vel sepissime
è ramulo novello cymulam umbelliformam, primum terminalem, moz
lateralem simulantes ; pedicelli uniflori, elongati ; corolle longa,
speciose.

$ I. Iocumowa vera : corolla dense purpurea.

l. Iochroma ¢ubulosa, Bth. Bot. Reg. vol. xxxi. tab. 20.
Habrothamnus cyanæus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. vol. xxx. Mise. p. 12:
ramulis junioribus incano-pulverulentis : foliis ellipticis, utrinque
acuminatis, subacutis, imo in petiolum decurrentibus, pulveru-
lentis, superne demum parce pubescentibus, cymula 6—8-flore,
calyce inflato, corolla profunde purpurea. —Loxa, in Andibus
Ecuadorensibus. (Hartweg). v. v. cult. et sic. in herb. Hooker.
(Loxa, Seemann, n. 883.)

This is described as a shrub, from four to six feet high. The
leaves are three inches and a half long, one inch and three quarters
broad, upon a petiole one inch in length. From six to eight
flowers spring out of the apex of the branch, which subsequently
increasing, leaves the fascicle finally axillary ; the peduncle is ten
to fourteen lines long, the calyx is four lines long, and the corolla,
of a deep rich purple colour, is one inch and a quarter long, and
two lines and a half in diameter, somewhat narrow in the mouth

and base, the border very short, somewhat cup-shaped, being au

four lines in diameter, when fully expanded : its margin is almost
entire, tomentose, with five extremely short, almost obsolete,
rounded teeth. The berry is oval, five lines long, three lines m

diameter, enclosed in the scarcely enlarged ventricose, membrana- RU
ceous calyx, and contains a number of small, flattened, rhomboidal E.
seeds.

utrinque acuminatis, longe petiolatis, undique glaberrimis, subtus

2. Tochroma /ongipes, (n. sp.) : ramulis glabris ; foliis ellipticis, e

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 345

pallidioribus, margine subrevolutis; floribus speciosis, fasciculatis,
longissime pedunculatis, glabris, pedunculo apice incrassato,
corollæ tubo elongato, limbo brevissimo, subcampanulato, margine
tomentoso, dentibus 5 minimis rotundatis cum alteris in sinubus
notato, genitalibus exsertis; bacca oblonga, calyce persistente
lateraliter fisso cincta, et duplo longiore.—Ecuador. v. s. in herb.
Hook. in Vallem Lloæ (Jameson).

This plant has very much the habit of the preceding species,
but it is altogether devoid of any pubescence. Tts leaves are four
inches and a half long, one inch and three quarters broad, upon a
petiole from one inch to one inch and a half long; the peduncles
are two inches and a quarter to two inches and three quarters
long, thickening towards the apex; the calyx is tubular, quite
smooth, unequally five-toothed, four lines long, and two lines and
a half in diameter; the corolla, apparently purple, is one inch and
a half long, three lines in diameter in the middle, somewhat con-
tracted below, and in the mouth, terminating in a short cup-
shaped, almost entire border, as in the last species, with five dis-
tant, small, rounded teeth, and with another short intermediate
tooth in each sinus. The berry, apparently not quite ripe, is eight
lines long, three lines in diameter, invested by the persistent calyx
three lines long.*
$ IL. CuzwzsTHES: calyce in fructu lateraliter fisso: corolla

coccinea vel aurantiaca.

The characters of the species before enumerated, are here revised
upon more extended specimens.

3. Iochroma fuchsioides. Cheenesthes fuchsioides, Nod. Lond.

Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 337. Lycium fuchsioides. H.B.K. Nov. —

Gen. vol. iii. p. 52. Plant. Æquin. vol. i. p. 147. tab. 42. Bot.
Mag. tab. 4149. Frutex sesquicrgyalis: foliis obovato-oblongis,
in petiolum gracilem attenuatis, obtusiusculis, subfasciculatis, gla-
berrimis: floribus umbellato-fasciculatis, axillaribus, terminali-
busque, pedicellis glabris, elongatis, cernuis; calyce subgloboso,
margine brevissime inæqualiter 5-dentato; corolla tubulosa, coc-

" A figure of this species, with sectional details, will be shown in the Illustr. South
Amer. Plants, plate 30.

346 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

cinea, glabra, intus imo pubescente, staminibus inclusis, filamentis
gracilibus imo incrassatis et tomentosis ; bacca rubra, ovata, calyce
aucto lateraliter fisso inclusa.—Columbia. v. s. in herb. Hook.
Quito, in Vallem Lloæ (Hall, No. 7.) Cuenca, Nove Grenade
(Jameson). Loxa, regni Ecuadorensis (Seemann, No. 882.)
Columbia, (Zobb.)

To the details of this species (Lond. Journ. Bot. supra cit.)
little more need be added. The corolla exhibits five short teeth
with other intervening ones in the plicature of each sinus, as in
I. tubulosa : the filaments are considerably thickened and densely
tomentose at base: the berry is oblong, and very pointed, and is
invested by the enlarged calyx, which splits on one side to the base.
The form of the embryo is similar to that of the species just
referred to.

4. Iochroma wmbrosa. Chenesthes umbrosa, Nob. (loc. cit.
p. 337). Lycium umbrosum, H.B.K. vol. iii. p. 54. Arbor
biorgyalis, ramulis angulatis, hirto-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, _
acuminatis, glabriusculis, floralibus ovato-rhomboideis; floribus
umbellato-fasciculatis, pedicellis elongatis; calyce pilosulo, sub-
campanulato, dentibus 5, inæqualibus, obtusiusculis; corolla
tubulosa, pilosa, coccinea? calyce 6-plo longiore, limbo brevi, sub-
campanulato, margine ciliato dentibus 5 et alteris in sinubus fere
obsoletis, staminibus inclusis, filamentis filiformibus, glabris, imo
incrassatis et tomentosis. — Columbia. v. s. in herb. Hook.
(Hartweg, 1310.)

To the details before given (huj. op. xdi iv. p. 837), I have.

only to observe that the border of the corolla is very short, with
teeth somewhat larger than in I. tubulosa; the filaments are in-
serted a little above the middle of the tube, thickened at base, and
densely tomentose for one third of their length, more slender
and glabrous above, and shorter than the corolla.

5. Iochroma gesnerioides. Cheenesthes gesnerioides Nob. (loc.

cit. p. 338.) Lycium gesnerioides, H.B.K. vol. iii. p. 53: ramulis ——
cano-tomentosis, foliis ovatis, oblongisve, acutis, superne demum E

fere glabris, infra pulverulentis; floribus umbellato-fasciculatis ; bo
calyce 5-dentato; corolla tubulosa, aurantiaca, limbo — =

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 347

campanulato, sinuato-5-lobo, angulis acutis, filamentis imo tomen-
tosis, antheris subexsertis.—Peruvia. v. s. in herb. Hook. (Prov.
Chachapogas, Mathews.)

It may be observed in addition to what was formerly remarked
upon this species, that the pentangular border of the corolla is
more distinctly cleft than in any other species, and exhibits a ten-
dency of form towards that of Cleochroma: the berry is equal in
size to that of the species just mentioned, and is almost enclosed
by a persistent calyx of very similar form, sometimes cleft
irregularly.

6. Iochroma Lowensis. Chsenesthes Loxensis, Nod. (loc. cit.
p.338.) Lycium Loxense, H.B.K. Loxa, regni Ecuadorensis.

7. Iochroma cornifolia. Chænesthes cornifolia, Nod. (loc. cit.
p.938.) Lycium cornifolium, H.B.K.—Quito.

8. Iochroma /azceolata. Cheenesthes lanceolata, Nod. (Joc. eit.
p. 338.) : fruticosa, ramulis subferrugineo-floccosis : foliis lanceo-
latis vel oblongis, valde acuminatis, supra parce pubescentibus,
infra pallidioribus, floccoso-tomentosis, petiolo caniculato tomen-
toso; floribus plurimis, umbellato-fasciculatis, calyce tubuloso,
subinflato, dentibus 5, inæqualibus, obtusiusculis. Corolla tubu-
losa, flavescente, calyce 4-plo longiore, limbo brevissimo 5-dentato.
—Ecuador. v. s. in herb. Hook. Quindiu (Goudot) idem (Purdie)
—Columbia (Seemann).

Respecting this species, in addition to my former remarks (/0e.
cit.), it may only be observed, that the corolla in shape and size,
also resembles that of Jochroma tubulosa, and were it not for the
colour of its flowers, which are said to be of a pale yellow, some
of the specimens might almost be mistaken for that species. The
berry, nearly altogether enclosed by the enlarged calyx, which splits
on one side, also resembles that of the plant just mentioned. In
some cases, the leaves are less lanceolate than in the specimen
which I first saw and formerly referred to; they are sometimes
much acuminated at each extremity, six inches long, and three
inches broad, upon a petiole one inch in length.*

* A figure of this species will be given in the Illustr. South Amer. Plants, plate 31.

348 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

CLEOCHROMA.
The plant with long, dark, purple flowers which I described

under the name of Iochroma macrocalyx, Hook. (Lond. Journ.
Bot. vol. iv. p. 339), was referred to that genus, on account of its
being evidently congeneric with the Jochroma calycina, Bth.
Since then, as I have just mentioned p. 342, I have had an oppor-
tunity of examining the typical species Jochroma tubulosa, Bth.,
which I had not seen at the period referred to, and have indicated
the reasons for associating Chenesthes with that genus; but at
the same time it appears to me, that not only Z. macrocalyæ, but
also 7. calycina, Bth., and I. grandiflora, Bth., should be detached
from it, and retained as a separate group, for which I propose the
name of Cleocroma, from &Xeos, prestantia, xpepa, color, on account
of their large, handsome, purple flowers. The differences between
it and Lochroma, which I will now proceed to point out, appear
sufficient to warrant its assuming the rank of a distinct genus,
but should it be thought otherwise, it may take its station as a
third section of Zochroma : the differences between them are cer-
. tainly much greater than those which separate Physalis and Sa-
racha. ln Cleochroma the calyx is generally very large, much
more so in proportion than in Iochroma, increasing even during
the development of the flower, becoming sometimes nearly half the
length of its long, tubular corolla, and swelling in the middle to a
much larger diameter: it is in like manner persistent, and at
length wholly encloses a berry of considerable size. The corolla
is, in like manner, quite tubular, and also somewhat swollen in the
middle, but the border is very considerably larger, more expanded,
and deeply divided into five distinct segments, while in Jochroma,
the border is very narrow, but little expanded, and almost entire.
The contrast between the corolla of all the species of Jochroma
and that of Cleochroma grandiflora, with its large azure-blue
flowers, with the mouth broadly expanded into a campanular form, —
and deeply cleft into five acute lobes, is very remarkable. In
lochroma (including Chenesthes), the filaments of the stamens atè — —
always more or less terete, and thickened towards the base, this ——

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 349

lower portion being always densely tomentose, while the upper
half is glabrous: in Cleochroma, on the contrary, the filaments
are very thin, dilated, and membranaceous, especially the lower
moiety, which is quite glabrous, or only sometimes slightly
pubescent on the margins: their insertion is near the base in
lochroma, while in Cleochroma, although adnate below, they be-
come free only a little below the middle of the tube of the corolla,
which is pubescent thence to the base, while the filaments remain
more or less glabrous. Even in the dried specimen, the remains
of the thin annular dise surrounding the base of the ovarium may
be seen in Jochroma, but I have not been able to distinguish it in
that of Cleochroma. In Cleochroma the berry is larger, the seeds
being apparently imbedded in a greater quantity of pulp, the
embryo is less curved, and the cotyledons much shorter in pro-
portion, forming even less than one third of its whole length,
while in Zochroma, they are equal in length to the radicle. In
the seeds of Zockroma and Chenesthes, the hilum is seen laterally
in the sinus of the margin, where it is scarcely distinguishable by
any particular mark, but in Cleochroma macrocalyz, I have noticed,
in every instance, that the hilum is distinctly perforated through
the testa, which is of thinner texture than in the seeds of Jochroma.
CrEocHROMA, gen. nov.—Calyx tubulosus, medio ventricosus,
ore subconstrictus, inæqualiter 5-dentatus, reticulatus, persistens,
et sæpius augescens. Corolla tubulosa, tubo medio subdilatato,
calyce 2-plo, rarius 6-plo longiore, limbo conspicuo, campanulato,
5-partito, lobis acutis, æstivatione plicata. Stamina 5, inclusa ;
filamenta dilatata, tenuia, glabra, corolle tubo imo adnata, infra
medium libera; anthere oblonge, 2-loculares, loculis parallelis,
connectivo dorsali adnatis, basi paulo cordatis, in sinu affixis,
longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. ^ Ovarium obovatum, 2-loculare,
ovulis plurimis in dissepimento incrassato utrinque affixis. Sty/us
filiformis, apice incrassatus. Stigma capitato-bilobum. Bacca
magna, ovata, calyce inflata inclusa, 2.locularis. Semina nume-
rosa, compressa, reniformi-rhomboidea, in pulpam copiosam nidu-
lantia, testa scrobiculata, hilo in sinu laterali perforato. Hmbryo
intra albumen carnosum fere semiannularis, filiformis, cotyledo-
VOL. VII. 2s

350 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

nibus semiteretibus, radicula incurvata, infera, ab hilo declinante,
duplo, 3-plove brevioribus.—Suffrutices Æcuadorenses, folia alterna
petiolata, flores speciosi, purpurascentes, sub-umbellati, pedicellis
elongatis, unifloris.

1. Cleochroma wacrocalyæ. Tochroma macrocalyx, Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 339. tab. 13-14: foliis rhomboideo-ovatis,
utrinque molliter pubescentibus, subtus pallidis: floribus umbel-
lato-fasciculatis : calyce tubo magno, ventricoso, 5-dentato, den-
tibus inzqualibus, corolla magna, speciosa, tubo calyce 2-3-plo
longiore, hirtella, violacea, staminibus inclusis, filamentis dilatatis,
glabris, nervo longitudinali notatis,imo margine ciliatis.— Quito, in
vallem Lloz altit. 9,500 ped. v. s. in herb. Hook. (Hall.)

I have little to add to the details of this species given in the -
place above quoted, except that of the observations made by Col.
Hall, that * the calyx and corolla are of a deep indigo blue."

2. Cleochroma calycina. Iochroma calycina, Bth. Bot. Reg:
1831. sub Tab. 20: ramulis angulatis, verrucosis, pallide floc-
coso-pulverulentis ; foliis deflexis, oblongo-lanceolatis, minute
ruguloso-punctatis, aspero et incano-pulverulentis, inferne flavidis
et araneoso-pulverulentis, petiolo valido; caniculato, imo crassiore 5
floribus fasciculato-congestis, calyce magno, medio inflato, demum
augescente, hine fisso; corolla tubulosa, cyanea, floccoso-pubes-
cente, limbo expanso, 5-partito, genitalibus inclusis, filamentis
dilatatis, tenuibus, nervo centrali notatis, glabris, imo margme
ciliatis. Columbia. v. s. in herb. Hook. (Hartweg. n. 1312.)

This plant hasa very peculiar appearance; the leaves are turned ———

down by the deflexion of the petiole, and are remarkable for the
numerous close, almost scabrid spots of pulverulent hairs, and for
the yellowish glandular pruinose down, that covers the under
surface: they are six inches long, and two inches and a quarter
broad, on a petiole of three quarters of an inch: the pedicels are
one inch long, swelling upwards, the calyx, at first small and cylin-
drical, afterwards swells and acquires, before the ripening of the

fruit, a length of one inch and a half, and is dilated below, to the it à i

diameter of half an inch, remaining contracted in the mouth, s0 ;
ihat by the growth of the included berry, it becomes ruptured on

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 351

one side towards the summit: the tube of the corolla is more
slender than the former species, and is one inch and a half long.

3. Cleochroma grandiflora. Yochroma grandiflora, Bth. (loc. cit.):
fruticosa, ramulis angulato-compressis, striatis, junioribus floccoso-
tomentosis ; foliis late ovatis, basi rotundatis, ad petiolum tenuem
breviter et abrupte attenuatis, apice acuminatis, supra pulveru-
lento- tomentosis, subtus pallidioribus et molliter pubescentibus,
penninerviis, nervis divaricatis; floribus apice ramulorum fascicu-
latis, pendulis, pedunculis elongatis calyceque brevi demum ampli-
cato molliter pubescentibus, corollæ infundibuliformis tubo longo,
pubescente, fauce sub-campanulato, limbo 5-lobo, lobis amplis,
triangularibus, staminibus imo ortis, fere inclusis, filamentis
omnino glaberrimis.—In Andibus Peruvianis regno Ecuadorensi
conterminis. v. $. in herb. Lindley. (Lobb. n. 316.) in herb. Hook.
(Hartweg. 814.)

This plant is quite distinct from any of the other species; the
leaves have ten or twelve pairs of nerves, diverging nearly at right
angles with the mid-rib: they are three inches and a half long,
two inches broad, with a caniculate petiole ten lines in length;
the umbels, arising with a few leaves from the summit of the
young branchlets, which are scarcely longer than an inch, are from
six to eight flowered: the flowers are pendulous from a somewhat
slender peduncle, twenty-two lines long; the calyx in its florescent
state, is only four lines long, and three lines in diameter, but it
increases considerably in size with the fruit: the tube of the

corolla, which is cylindrical, is one inch to one inch and a half — —

long, and one line and three quarters in diameter, spreads sud-
denly into a somewhat campanulate border, one inch to one inch
and a half in diameter, and is divided into five, oblong, acute, some-
what expanded lobes ; it is described as being of an “ azure blue”
colour.* The tube is quite glabrous, even at the base, where,
in the other two species, it is somewhat pubescent.

x This plant, with sectional details, will be represented in the Illustr South Amer.
Plants, Plate 32.
2s2

352 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

HEBECLADUS.

To this genus, which I proposed on a former occasion (Lond.
Journ. Bot. vol. iv. p. 321), I have to add the following new species.

9. Hebecladus mollis, (n. sp.): caule subherbaceo, flexuoso,
dichotomo, hirtello, subangulari: foliis geminatis oblongis, basi
obtusatis, apice acuminatis, irregulariter et grosse sinuato-serratis,
utrinque molliter hirtellis, pilis articulatis, pedunculo axillari, vel e
dichotomia orto, gracili, molliter piloso, 2-floro, folio subæquilongo,
corolla glabra, lutea, genitalibus inclusis.—Nova Grenada—+. s. in
herb. Hook. (Goudot, Plages de Combayma.)

This plant has very much the habit of H. asperus, but the
leaves are deeply sinuate, almost lobed, and covered with long,
soft, articulated hairs. The leaves are two inches long, one inch
and a quarter broad, with a petiole half an inch in length; the
peduncle measures one inch and a quarter, the pedicels half an
inch, the calyx a quarter of an inch, the corolla three quarters of
an inch, with a campanulate pentangular border.*

10. Hebecladus granulosus, (n. sp.): caule suffruticoso, flexuoso,
dichotomo, angulato, fusco-tomentello: foliis solitariis, ovatis,
attenuatis, supra furfurosis, vel glanduloso-asperulis, junioribus
hirtellis, pilis articulatis, subtus pilosulis: pedunculis solitariis,
e dichotomiis axillaribus, pilosis, petiolo æquilongis, 2-floris, flori-
bus pedicellatis, calyce parvulo, molliter piloso, corolla lutea glabra,
margine tomentello, genitalibus inclusis.—Nova Grenada. v. s. in
herb. Hook. (Goudot, locis frigidis inter Ibague et Cartago).

This species approaches H. Zanceolatus, but the leaves are
smaller, and broader in proportion to their length; they are two
inches long, one inch broad, on a petiole three-eighths of an inch
in length: the peduncle is scarcely one line long, the pedicels,
very tomentose, are four lines; the calyx two lines; the corolla -
almost glabrous, tubular below, campanular above, is five lines

long, exclusive of its spreading border of five triangular artic s

with tomentose margins, two lines long.

11. Hebecladus sinwosus, (n. sp.): caule angulato, striato, ——
* A representation of this species, with details, will be seen in the e sun D

Amer. Plants, Plate 33.

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. ' 358

molliter piloso; folis alternis, vel geminatis, altero subminori,
oblongis, grosse sinuato-dentatis, lobis obtusiusculis, utrinque
pilis articulatis molliter hirsutis; margine ciliatis, rachi nervisque
prominulis, imo in petiolum elongatum anguste decurrentibus ;
peduneulo bifloro, petiolo 3-plo breviore, pedicellis æquilongis,
calyceque dense pilosis, corolla fere glabra, sicco lutea, limbi lobis
acutis, staminibus vix exsertis.—Peruvia, Prov. Chachapoyas.
~ v. 8. in herb. meo (Mathews).

= This species corresponds much in habit with the figure of
H. biflorus (Atropa biflora) of the Flora Peruviana, but it is alto-
gether covered with soft articulated down, and the leaves are
larger, more sinuosely lobed, and with a much longer petiole.
The leaves are four inches and a quarter long, by two inches and
a half wide, the petiole being one inch and a half long; the
peduncle measures only four lines, the pedicels are of the same
length, the calyx three lines, and the corolla, tubular below, five-
nerved, smooth, with a five-lobed expanded border, altogether six
lines long. It differs from H. mollis, in having much smaller
leaves, less hirsute, with infinitely shorter inflorescence.

PŒCILOCHROMA.

I propose to distinguish under this name a very distinct group
of Solanaceous plants, all natives of the Valleys of the Andes of
intertropical America. The type is the Saracha punctata of the
Flora Peruviana. They are distinguished from that genus m
being frutescent. shrubs or trees, not herbaceous plants, in their
leaves being generally thick, fleshy, shining, and more or less
destitute of pubescence, and their much larger corolla, not rotate,
but decidedly campanulate, of much thicker consistence, often
fleshy, and ‘generally marked with beautiful spots, whence the
derivation of its name, from rodos, variegatus, xpepa, color. It
is distinguished from Hebecladus and Zochroma, by its much
smaller, glabrous, fleshy leaves, by its campanulate corolla, with
an expanded pentangular border, not tubular and five-lobed, as in
those genera: from Cleochroma it differs in the form of its corolla,

and in its calyx not becoming considerably enlarged with the —

354 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

fruit. From Zycioplesium, to which in many of its species it
approaches greatly in habit, and in the peculiar appearance of its
leaves, it differs by its being déstitute of spines, by its larger,
broader, and more campanulate corolla.

PœcrrocHRoma: gen. nov. — Calyx turbinatus, ore valde
coarctatus et in dentibus 5 brevissimis approximatis desinens,
tubo subcoriaceo, colorato, inæqualiter in fissuras 1-2-3 abrum-
pens, persistens et non augescens. Corolla speciosa, campanulata,
‘imo in tubum brevem contracta, plus minusve crassiuscula, sæpis-
sime ornatim maculata, limbo expanso, sinuato-5-lobo, sestivatione
plicato. Stamina 5, imo corollæ inserta, inclusa : filamenta tenuia,
erecta, colorata: anthere oblongæ, 2-lobæ, lobis parallele adnatis,
intus longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium obovatum, 2-locu-
lare. Stylus longitudine staminum, gracilis. Stigma clavato-
bilobum. Bacca pisiformis, calyce suffulta, 2-locularis. Semina
plurima, cetera ignota.

Frutices Æcuadorenses et Peruviani glabri : folia integerrima
oblonga vel spathulato-ovata, breviter petiolata, crassiuscula, venis
immersis : flores axillares, solitarii, vel bini, interdum plurimi,
pedunculis l-floris elongatis, apice incrassatis, coloratis : corolla
aurantiaca, pulcherrime maculata, vel rubicunda: baccæ pisi-
Jormes, rubra.

1. Pæcilochroma punctata. Saracha punctata, R. & P. (Fl.
Peruv. vol. ii. p. 42. tab 1784:) suffruticosa: ramulis teretibus,
fusco-coloratis, glabris, junioribus pulverulentis : folis solitariis,
rarius geminis, ovato-oblongis, venosissimis, supra glabris, subtus
pulverulentis: floribus ad summum ramorum fasciculatim aggre-
gatis, nutantibus, pedunculis 6—7, elongatis, unifloris, apice incras-
satis; calyce in dentibus rotundatis rumpente; corolla magna,
late campanulata, limbo sinuato-5- angulato, extus pulverulenta,
intus luteo-purpurascente, punctis purpureis maculata : genitalibus
inclusis, glabris.—Ad Muna, Tambo, Portachuelo, et Obrajilla, in
Andibus Peruvianis.

The above plant, referred by Ruiz and Pavon to Saracha, un-

questionably differs from all other species of that genus, Td oe

are generally herbaceous, straggling plants, and very pubi

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 355

with a smaller and very rotate corolla of much thinner texture.
The leaves from the figure above quoted, are two inches and a
quarter long, one inch and five-eighths broad, with a petiole about
three lines in length; the peduncle is about one inch and a
quarter long: the corolla is one inch in length, and one inch and
a half broad across the margin.

2. Peecilochroma frondosa (n. sp.): suffruticosa, ramulis sub-
compressis, angulato-striatis, angulis ex axillis decurrentibus,
rugulosis, glabris, valde foliosis: foliis subfasciculatis, ellipticis,
utrinque attenuatis, subtenuibus, supra glabris, subtus parce fulvo-
tomentosis, penninerviis, rachi nervisque subtus rubescentibus,
margine revolutis : floribus ex apice turiorum juniorum fasciculato-
aggregatis, fasciculis foliosis, pedunculo uniflore, glabro, apice
inerassato, longitudine floris nutantis; calycis colorati dentibus
5 brevibus rotundatis; corolla speciosa, campanulata, extus fulvo-
pulverulenta. — Prov. Chachapoyas Peruviæ. v. s. in herb. meo
(Mathews).

Although intermediate with the foregoing and following
species, it is manifestly distinct from both. Its leaves are three
inches and a quarter long by one inch and a quarter broad, with
a petiole three quarters of an inch long. About six or eight
flowers are closely aggregated on the very short, young branchlets,
and are mixed with young leaves: the peduncles are nine lines
long, and are much thickened at the apex: the calyx is short,
tubular, smooth, and with the peduncle, is of a dark, red colour,
its margin being membranaceous, and unequally split into five,

short, rounded teeth. The corolla is one inch long, and nine or © |

ten lines in diameter on the ciliate margin, which is sinuately
five-angular, very slightly pulverulent, and nearly glabrous out-
side; almost smooth within the mouth, but pubescent in the
lower and more contracted portion: the filaments are slightly
pubescent, with long, spreading, articulate hairs, are somewhat
unequal in length, scarcely more than half the length of the
corolla, and are slightly dilated at base. The ovarium and style
are glabrous, the latter being the length of the stamens: the
stigma is clavately bilobed.

356 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

3. Pecilochroma guttata (n. sp.) : suffruticosa, ramulis angu-
loso-striatis, subverrueulosis, omnino glabris: foliis solitariis,
rarius geminis, obovatis, apice breviter et repente attenuatis, imo
subcuneatis, crasso-coriaceis, utrinque (etiam junioribus) glaberri-
mis, et eveniis, supra lucido-viridibus; subtus luteo-pallidis, mar-
gine revolutis, breviter petiolatis: floribus 8—9 ad apicem ramo-
rum fasciculato-aggregatis, nutantibus, pedunculis unifloris, apice
incrassatis, flore paulo longioribus, calyce glabro, corolla speciosa,
campanulata, limbo sinuato-5-angulato, extus pulverulento-tomen-
tosa, intus subglabra, punctis purpureis maculata, et imo pubes-
cente, ovario tomentoso.—Peruvia. v. s. in herb. meo. (Mathews,
No. 1151. sub nomine Saracha punctata, R. & P.)

Judging from the details and figure in the Flora Peruviana, this
plant is certainly specifically distinct from the first described
species to which Mathews referred it. The spots in the corolla
are not distinguishable in the dried state, and they are probably
more or less common to all the species of this genus : its leaves
are small, fleshy, with a total absence of all pubescence, and of
any apparent venation, are more ovate, much smaller, with a
comparatively longer petiole than in P. punctata; in fact, they
more resemble those of the genus Zycioplesium : in the specimen
I possess, they measure one inch and five-eighths in length, and
seven-eighths of an inch in breadth, with a petiole one inch and a
quarter long; they are thick, fleshy, polished above, below of a
pale greenish colour, with a prominent reddish mid-rib, and about
five pairs of spreading, slightly prominent nerves. The pedun-
cles are nearly one inch long, and nodding, being much thickened
towards the apex: the corolla is of the same length, and seven-
eighths of an inch in diameter across the mouth; it is less cam-
panulate below, and the lobes of its border more acute, with a.
rounder intervening sinus than in P. punctatus; the margin is
ciliately tomentose, outside it is covered with short, yellowish
tomentum, inside it is nearly smooth, except towards the base,
where it is very pubescent; the calyx is quite glabrous, with
roundish, unequal, and membranaceous lobes, five lo
nerves, one in the middle of each lobe, terminating in as many

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. / 367

short tomentose mucronate teeth. The ovarium is obovate and
tomentose; the style and stigma are quite glabrous, and together
with the stamens, are about three-fourths the length of the
corolla; the stigma is clavately bilobed.

4. Pœcilochroma maculata (n. sp.) : fruticosa, ramulis juniori-
bus floccoso-tomentosis, adultis glabris, cortice rimoso-verruculoso :
foliis alternis, vel geminis, oblongis, basi cuneatis, breviter petio-
latis, crassiusculis, margine revolutis, supra lucidis, nervis pinnatis
impressis, tomentellis, subtus fulvo-tomentosis ; floribus axilla-
ribus, solitariis, vel geminis, aut ad apicem ramulorum novellorum
fasciculatim-aggregatis : pedunculis elongatis, calyceque brevi
5-dentato glabris: corolla speciosa, imo breviter tubulosa, cito
late campanulata, flava, maculata, utrinque pulverulento-pubes-
cente, limbo sinuato, 5-angulato, genitalibus inclusis, glabris ;
bacca globosa, pisiformi, calyce persistente suffulta. — In Andibus
Peruviæ. v. s. in herb. Lindley. (Lobb. n. 152 et 388.)

This is a very handsome species. The leaves are two inches |
long, one inch and an eighth broad, with a petiole four lines in
length; the peduncle, which is considerably thickened at the
apex, is one inch long, and drooping; the corolla is large and
handsome, being one inch and a quarter in length, and the same
in diameter across the border; it is described as being “ yellow
spotted.” The berry is small, about the size of a pea, and sup-
ported on the persistent calyx, which does not increase in size.

5. Peecilochroma Loebbiana (n. sp.) : suffruticosa, ramis juni-
oribus cupreo-floccosis, adultis nigrescentibus, ramulis divaricatis :
foliis ellipticis, utrinque acutis, apice sæpe obtusis, margine revo-
lutis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra nitidis, nervis pinnatis impressis,
subtus pallide virescentibus, rachi prominente rubello, petiolo
brevi, glabro, tenui, caniculato; floribus speciosis, axillaribus,
binis, rarius ternis, pedunculo apice incrassato folii longitudine,
calyceque brevi 5-dentato glabris: corolla imo coarctata, deinde
campanulata, sicco aurantiaca, extus pubescente, intus glabra, et
versus basin leviter pubescente, limbo sinuato, 5-angulato: geni-
talibus inclusis glabris.—In Andibus Peruvim. v. s. in herb.
Lindley. (Lobb. n. 889.)

| VOL. VII. 2T

368 SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

This species, in the appearance of its leaves, has very much the
habit of the genus Zycioplesium, but the flowers are much larger,
and more showy. The leaves are one inch and a half long, ten
lines broad, with a petiole three lines in length: the peduncle is
one inch and a quarter long, drooping, slender at base, thickened
at its summit; the calyx is two lines long, three lines broad, |
somewhat pentangular, and five-nerved, the teeth being short, and
rounded, with a mucronate apex: the corolla is large and hand-
some, one inch and an eighth in length, and one inch anda
quarter in diameter across the border : the stamens are glabrous,
three quarters the length of the corolla, the style is somewhat
longer, glabrous, slender, and the stigma clavately bilobed.

6. Pocilochroma Lindeniana (nov. sp.): suffruticosa, ramis
rugosis, striatis, glabris: foliis cuneato-oblongis, in petiolum
brevem attenuatis, apice obtusis, sub-emarginatis, margine revo-
lutis, utrinque glaberrimis, crassis, supra nitidis, nervis impressis
eveniis, subtus luteo-pallescentibus, rachi nervisque prominen-
tibus; floribus axillaribus solitariis nutantibus, pedunculo folo
florifero longiore, apice incrassato, corolla speciosa, campanulata,
aurantiaca, extus pulverulenta, margine floccoso 5-angulato: geni-
talibus vix inclusis.—Ecuador.—v. s. in herb. Hooker. (Linden,
n. 489.)

It possesses a habit very similar to the species before described,
its leaves are one inch and an eighth long, five-eighths of an inch
wide, tapering, with a very short petiole two lines in length: the
axils are approximate, scarcely more than nine lines apart. The
peduncle is nine lines long, the dark-red fleshy calyx splitting
irregularly into three unequal triangular mucronate lobes with
membranaceous edges, is three-eighths of an inch long, the corolla
is large, broadly campanulate, one inch and a quarter long, one
inch diameter in the mouth, the somewhat expanded, pentangular
border, measuring one inch and a half in diameter.

7. Pecilochroma Quitensis. Lycium Quitense, Hook. Icon. 123:
fruticosa, glabra: foliis ellipticis, obovatisve, obtusis, subcoriacels,
margine revolutis, breviter petiolatis, utrinque glaberrimis, supra
lucidis, subtus flavo-pallescentibus; floribus axillaribus, binis,

SOUTH AMERICAN BOTANY. 369

nutantibus, pedunculo folio fere æquilongo, calyce imo coarctato,
brevissime 5-dentato, cito irregulariter 2—8-fisso, corolla glabra,
infundibuliformi-campanulata, limbo patente, sub-5-lobo : genita-
libus corolla æquilongis, glabris. — In Andibus Quiteusibus—
v. 8. in herb. Hooker. (Jameson, n. 200.)

The drawing above quoted gives an excellent representation of
this species. I observe, however, that when the corolla is fully
grown, it is more campanulate, and the border is more pentangular
than is there figured, where it is seen in its half plicated state
before full expansion; in that state the plicatures of the sinus
bear somewhat the appearance of intermediate teeth, but these in
reality do not exist. The leaves are of a bright, shining green,
one inch and three quarters long, three quarters of an inch broad,
with a fleshy channelled petiole of two lines in length: above, the
nervures are wholly immersed in the fleshy parenchyma; below,
they are seen much spreading, and with the prominent midrib of
a reddish colour. The peduncles, nearly as long as the leaves,
are nodding, and are considerably thickened above: the calyx is
fleshy, three lines long, with five short, obtuse, mucronate teeth,
and its membranous margin is often split irregularly nearly to the
base : the corolla appears of a dark orange or crimson hue, rather
thick in its texture, smooth below, but slightly pubescent above
outside: within the mouth it is smooth, but below it is pubes-
cent: it is three quarters of an inch long, and measures three
quarters of an inch across the mouth when fully expanded. The
whole plant, especially in the shape and texture of the leaves, as
well as in the appearance of the flowers, approaches very closely
some species of the genus Lycioplesium ; but it is not spinose, and
the structure of the calyx and corolla determines its place.

(To be continued.)

272

370 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Notes and Observations on the Botany, Weather, &e., of the United
States of America, made during a tour in that country, in 1846
and 1847. By Ww. Aron Browrrezn, M.D., F.L.S., &c.

(Continued from p. 913.) ;

The Jersey Pine barrens are but the northern extremity of that
region so remarkable for its vast extent and general uniformity of
aspect, as well as of geological and even botanical features, called
the great Atlantic Plain, stretching from the mouth of the
Hudson far down into Florida, having the great Appalachian
chain for its western confines, and widening with the recession of .
those mountain ridges from the sea coast, to their termination in
the rolling country intervening betwixt the Atlantic and the basm
of the Missisippi, that forms the upper districts of Alabama and
Georgia, in which are united the head waters of the Savannah and
Alatamaha rivers, and those of the Alabama, Chattahoochee, and
other noble streams that descend to the ocean and the Gulf of
Mexico. This immense alluvial tract, the bed, doubtless, of the
Atlantic in former ages, and which rises by a scarcely perceptible
inclination from the shores of the ocean to its mountain barrier
on the west, exhibits the extremes of sterility and productiveness,
of unhealthiness and salubrity, in proportion to the distance from
the seaboard by which these conditions are greatly affected ; the
increased dryness and elevation attained on approaching the
“middle” and “ upper country” from the lower maritime districts
being the more favourable to health, as the fertility of the soil
diminishes. Towards the foot of the mountains the now undu-
lating surface is clothed with Oak and Hickory (hence called
Hickory lands), and the strong rich soil yields abundant returns
in Wheat, Indian Corn, Tobacco, and all. the productions of the
low country, except Cotton, for which the altitude of the upper -
districts is unsuitable.

Our route to Quaker m lay through a level but agreeably

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 371

diversified country. We passed some pretty villages before
reaching the Pine district, which had all the main features of the
same tracts in the southern States, a dead level of deep sand,
over, or rather through which our vehicle wended its way noise-
lessly and without impediment, save from occasional contact with
the stump of some tree or bush. As we advanced, the ground
became more marshy, and the road, which in many places was
very tolerable, ran for miles betwixt swamps, that were, in some
parts, under water, from the abundant rain which had fallen a
few weeks before. Sluggish streams, or “creeks,” of the colour
of tea or brandy, from vegetable impregnation, with rough bridges
of planks thrown across them, intersected our road which was
bounded in many places by drains or trenches prolific in aquatic
. plants. In the drier parts, the prevailing, and indeed predomi-
nant tree was the Scrub or Jersey Pine, Pinus inops, an ugly,
nearly worthless species, with a stunted, impoverished aspect, like
starved Scotch Firs, of no value as timber and not much esteemed
for firewood. I find no mention in my notes of any other Pine
having been seen, though such may have escaped my observation.
When the Pines are cut down to clear the ground, or to be used,
as they often are, for fuel in the glass and ironworks of the
neighbourhood, they are invariably succeeded by a growth of
oaks, chiefly of the following kinds; Black Oak (Quereus tine-
toria), Swamp Chestnut Oak (Q. Prinos), Yellow Oak (Q. Castanea),
Barren White, or Post Oak (Q. oëtusiloba), Black Scrub, or Bear
Oak (Q. Banisteri), and Black Jack, (Q. nigra, Q. ferru-
ginea, Mx.) Of these, the last named species appears for the
first time in New Jersey and ‘the adjacent parts of Pennsylvania,
in both which States its boundary, northwards, seems to be on
the line of Lat. 40° as nearly as possible. Below this parallel it
is common, and is greatly multiplied in all the southern States,
preferring a dry, sandy, or stony soil, and though naturally only
of moderate dimensions, attains a far greater height and bulk in
_those lower than these higher latitudes. Here the trees, though
numerous, scarcely exceeded twenty feet, and were for the most
part much under that height, with an irregular growth, and
.

372 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. `

crooked trunks a few inches in diameter ; but in the south I have
met with specimens forty feet or more in elevation, with straight
trunks of proportionable thickness to their stature, branching into
fine, symmetrical cones of the richest verdure. The Black Jack,
so called from the colour of its deeply rifted bark, which looks as
if it had been charred by fire, is one of the most curious and not
the least beautiful of the American Oaks, though valuable only as
fuel, the wood being porous and not durable. The contrast be-
tween the dark, shining green of its huge pear-shaped leaves, and the
delicate ferruginous tint of their downy undersides, recommends
it strongly to the notice of the cultivator. It might possibly
succeed with us as a shrub (a form it frequently assumes even in
the south) on poor soils, or such as the Scotch Fir delights in,
but could scarcely be expected to ripen its acorns, which are not
generally abundant even in its native country. In the southern
States I remarked the leaves to vary from the usual, rounded, and
entire form, to acutely angular and even lobed, so as to have the
air of a different species. The principal ribs of the dilated
summit of the leaf are, in this last variety, prolonged into subu-
late points of considerable length, which at other times are very
short or nearly obsolete. Amongst the Oaks above mentioned,
the Barren White, or Post Oak (Q. ob£usi/oba) was frequent, but
of very diminutive stature: this, in a more congenial soil and
climate, is one of the most distinct, as well as magnificent and
valuable of the American Oaks, coming next to the Live and
White Oaks (Q. virens and Q. alba) in the strength and dura-
bility of its timber, and singularity of its foliage, which is deep
green above, grey white underneath, very firm, and coriaceous.
In the moister and less barren spots, or in the deep swamps,
and along the streams which intersect this singular region, I
remarked the Tupelo, or Sour-gum (Nyssa sylvatica, N. multi-
flora, Walt,) White Birch (Betula populifolia), which has entirely
the aspect of the common European species (B. alba), and is
probably identical with it; Alder (Alnus serrulata, A. incana,
Willd. var.?) never rising to more than a shrub from Canada to
Louisiana; Holly (Mex opaca), here and there only, and of very
.

BOTANICAL INFORMTAION. 371

small growth ; Dog-wood (Cornus florida), Red or Scarlet Maple
(Acer rubrum), Swamp Laurel (Magnolia glauca), with a luxuriant
undergrowth of Kalmia latifoiia, and K. angustifolia, Clethra
alnifolia, Lyonia paniculata, Hudsonia ericoides, Honey-suckle,
Azalea mediflora, Sweet Fern, Comptonia aspleniifolia, Button
Bush, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Leiophyllum buaifolium, Aseyrum
Cruz Andree? and À. stans., Gay-Lussacia (Vaccinium), fron-
dosa? now in full ripe fruit of a glaucous colour, and agreeable
flavour; Candle-berry (Myrica cerifera), with many other ligneous
plants of more general occurrence. Of the smaller and herbaceous
plants were remarked Xyris caroliniana, Iris versicolor (out of
flower), Cyperus mariscoides, Eriocaulon decangulare (extremely
common), Bartonia (Centaurella) paniculata, Pin-weed (Lechea
minor), Sabbatia 2; a Carex, of which I collected ripe
seeds, Orontium aquaticum, Pontederia cordata, Nymphaea
odorata, Gratiola aurea, Hypericum angulosum, prolificum,
Sarothra, mutilum and Canadense. Of Orchidaceæ we picked
Habenaria flava, and a Spiranthes (probably S. cernua) was seen
growing remarkably tall and luxuriant out of the swamps, but
wholly inaccessible from the heavy rains of the earlier summer,
which much impeded our attempts at exploring these morasses.
Two beautiful Polygale, P. purpurea and P. lutea, were collected,
the latter with its lovely bright orange (not yellow) flowers in
dense terminal heads, was abundant in many places, and is one
of those southern species which, with certain others common to a
lower latitude, range along the east coast far beyond their ordinary
limits, being favoured by the moderating influence of the ocean
on the climate, and the facility afforded to their migration north-
ward, by the uniformity of soil, surface, and other physical con-
ditions of the great Atlantic Plain.

I was surprised at the dearth of animated objects on this day’s
journey. Birds were very scarce, as I found them to be generally
over the United States, at least as compared with the number of
species and individuals in England. A few Blue-birds (Mota-
cilla sialis), and Partridges (Tetrao virginianus), were almost the
only kinds of the feathered tribes seen, and these but seldom.

374 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Of Mammals, a grey Rabbit or two (Lepus sylvaticus, Bachm.)
were alone visible at intervals. This animal so strongly resembles
the English Rabbit as hardly to be distinguishable from it at a
little distance ; it runs in the same manner, but does not burrow
like that, and though I believe it does not squat in form like our
hare, its habits are as much those of the latter as of the former,
the species appearing to connect the two, as was remarked long
ago by the Swedish naturalist, Kalm, in his travels in North
America. Some Toads, Frogs, and a few small Lizards (Zropido-
lepis undulatus) were seen occasionally, the latter chiefly on the
Pines, the trunks of which they traversed in all directions with
great agility. This species is not above six or eight inches in
length ; its colours, though grave, are harmoniously disposed and
blended. The Saurians are an order of reptiles remarkably limited
in the United States, the genera and species comprised in it being
few as compared with those included under the remaining orders
of Chelonians, Ophidians, Salamanders, and Batrachians. Ac-
cording to Dr. Holbrook, about fourteen species only of the
Lizard tribe are at present known to inhabit the whole of the
United States, and of these many are restricted in their range to
the southern and western parts of that vast territory. Yet this
very limited amount of species comprehends forms the most ex-
treme in point of size, from the giant Alligator of ten or twelve
feet, to the pigmy Anolis of scarcely as many inches in length.
Nor are the individuals of this order so numerous as one might
expect to find them in the hot, dry, and sandy Pine region of the
Atlantic States, since I have never remarked them to swarm there
as in Italy and the South of Europe generally. We came upon
two huge Black Snakes (Coluber constrictor) near a creek by the
road side; these I endeavoured to kill for examination, but they
made a precipitate retreat, one taking to the water, the other to
the bush, into which I pursued it, yet neither offered to stir till
a blow had been aimed at each with a thick walking-cane. The
former lay coiled up by the water’s edge, the second closely
twined around a shrub with its head erect, and the fore-part of
the body outstretched, regarded me with the utmost composure

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 375

at not a yard of distance betwixt us, and with a look, rather of
curiosity than menace, quietly awaited the commencement of
hostilities on my part, before condescending to betake himself to
ignoble flight. The wonderful rapidity of the animal’s move-
ments may be judged of from the fact of his making no
attempt to uncoil his voluminous folds till the uplifted weapon of
his assailant was in the act of descending upon him for his
destruction. I had supposed this reptile might be the same with
the Black Snake of the West Indies, though the specimens now
seen far exceeded in length and thickness the largest I had met
with in Jamaica, where the species so called is by much the most
frequent of the few Ophidians which inhabit that island; but my
friend Dr. Holbrook, the eminent herpetologist, tells me he
believes them to be quite distinct, there being, in his opinion, no
reptiles common to the West Indies or South America, and any
part of the United States. The two species certainly agree closely
in everything but size; are equally bold, fearless, and active, and
quite prepared to show fight when retreat is impossible, though I am
not aware that the tropical Snake, like its more gigantic northern
congener, ever takes the initiative so far as to become the ag-
gressor on slight provocation, as the same gentleman assures me,
from his own experience, is sometimes, though rarely, the case
with the latter, which, in the coupling season, will occasionally
descend from a tree to pursue and bite any intruder who should
attempt to molest it. I have good grounds for believing that the
bite of the North American Black Snake, though devoid of venom,
is not likely to be less severe than that which the jaws of its more
diminutive sable and southern relative are capable of inflicting,
whose teeth (expertus loquor) have an aptitude for vengeful pene-
tration, that unless the assailant join caution with courage in the
onslaught, may, unexpectedly, convert the pæans of triumph into
the wailing accents of discomfiture. Should any of my readers
desire to make a Black Snake their prisoner, let them take warning
from the misfortunes of a friend, and beware how they proceed by
the ordinary process of arrest, to co//ar the caitiff with their bare
‘VOL. VII. 2U

376 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

hands. Escape from the pursuit of the Black Snake is said to be
out of the question to any one not endowed with extraordinary
bicrural provision for effecting an expeditious retreat in time of
danger, the velocity of this reptile being such as to have acquired
for it the name of * Racer" in several of the northern states, in
many of which it abounds. Dr. Holbrook discredits the popular
belief that this Snake throws down the person it overtakes by
twining round his legs, and rejects, from his own observation, the
assertion of its killing its prey by constriction ; from one or both
of which fallacious opinions the name of constrictor was given by
Linnæus, probably on the relation of Kalm, whose account of the
Black Snake, in his Travels, is very full and entertaining. The
pair we fell in with seemed to be between five and six feet in
length, and about the size of the fore-arm in their thickest part,
or perhaps scarcely quite so stout.

At Basto we were hospitably received by —- Richards, Esq.,
then about to establish a manufactory of glass at that place, which
abounds in a sand little, if at all, inferior in whiteness to our Alum
Bay sand, so much in request for the finest plate glass. I am told
that Batsto signifies, in the language of the native Indians, a
bathing place, which, if correct, would, with a little alteration in
the spelling to Badstow, convey the same meaning in pure Anglo-
Saxon. Pursuing the analogy farther, should such exist, might
add much weight to the tradition that this part of America was
colonized, or at least visited in the middle ages by adventurers
from the north of Europe, amongst whom we may reasonably
suppose the Anglo-Saxons to have followed in the wake of the
Scandinavians, the earliest recorded discoverers of that continent,
and to have left traces as well of their language as of their skill in
the arts of civilized life, evinced, as is alleged, by the remains of
pottery, and of well-formed bricks, which are found at considerable
depths below the surface, and ascribed by the Indians themselves
to an epoch long anterior to the fifteenth century, or that of
Columbus and Cabot.* The place is very small and though

* See Kalm’s Travels into North America, vol. ii. p. 31 (English Translation).

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 377

situated amidst swamps, is said to be as free from intermittent

: fever as any part of New Jersey. The weather on this and the
preceding day was remarkably temperate and agreeable, just like

. what we usually experience at this season in England, and in the
evening became extremely cool and fresh, with some stratified
clouds forming, thought by our worthy host (who in this instance
showed himself a true porphet), to portend a change to wet.

I have often heard it remarked, and my own experience as far
as it goes, confirms the observation, that the excessive heat of
summer in the northern and middle states, rarely continues for

. more than a very few days without a change to cool, damp, or
cloudy weather, which, unless it incline too much towards this
opposite extreme, as it is apt to do near the close of the season,
proves very refreshing and beneficial to the earth and its inha-
bitants. Even in the height of summer a shift of wind to the
east or north-east will make a fire very agreeable, if not indispen-
sable, at least of an evening. It is remarkable, that the east wind
in this country, though coming over a vast ocean, and conse-
quently charged with humidity, excites and irritates the nervous
system of those susceptible of its noxious influence as in Europe,
but with this difference in its sensible qualities, that whilst with
us this unwholesome blast is harsh, dry, and mostly accompanied
with clear weather, here it is damp and brings with it an atmos-
phere loaded with clouds and vapours. In the New England
States, easterly winds prevail along the coast in the spring and
early summer as much as they do with us, and with the same
injurious effect on vegetation; they do not, however, usually blow
far inland, and hence form a common subject of complaint against
the climate of Boston, to persons coming from the interior of
Massachusetts at the season of their prevalence.

That well known and humorous definition of the English
summer, three hot days and a thunder-storm, interpreted with all
the limitation due to proverbial expressions, does but describe
those fluctuations of temperature and varying aspect of the sky,
to which the climate of the United States is subject, in common

with our own. In point of steadiness, I am persuaded the balance

2u2

378 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

is little, if at all, in favour of America, (I speak now of that part
of it meluding Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey,
and the other maritime states to the northward of these,) whilst
in abrupt and extreme transitions from heat to cold and the
reverse, the advantage is unquestionably on our side of the
Atlantic.

The much higher temperature of the summer months, from
May to August inclusive, which prevails over the greater part of
the United States,* is what chiefly strikes a stranger from central
Europe on his arrival, but this heat is so unequally distributed,
that many days in succession may intervene between the spurts .
of hot weather, which would be reckoned temperate even in our
own more moderate and equable climate. I have known such
days to occur during which the sun has shone out uninterruptedly,
but more commonly on these occasions the sky is either partially
or wholly overcast (as it frequently is at all times of the year),
with cumulo-stratus, nimbus, and other dense forms of cloud, or
else a thin white veil or canopy of stratus, or cirro-stratus comes
opportunely, after a day or two of broiling weather, to temper by
its welcome interposition the fervour of the sun's rays.

There is, perhaps, no subject on which it is more difficult to
obtain a clear, just, and impartial account than that of the climate
of any country. Our views of it, as of politics, are sure to be
more or less distorted by the mirage of prejudice, interest, physical
constitution, or natural vanity, across which we take them.

It has been the fashion with a certain cosmopolite class of
Englishmen to decry their own climate (of the acknowledged
defects of which I have no wish to become the bigoted defender),
and to laud that of every other country till they have persuaded
their own nation and foreigners that we live in a perpetual Cim-
merian darkness, engendered of fog, damp, and drizzle, which

* ] say here the greater part, because I shall hope to show in the sequel, that be-
tween a certain latitude in America, the mean heat of summer actually falls below that
of the corresponding parallels in Europe, contrary to the commonly received notion
that the transatlantic summers are as much hotter as the winters are colder, than on
the same degrees of latitude in the Old World.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 879

every Frenchman, of course, devoutly believes we do. Hence
our countrymen when they go abroad, are so impressed with
opinions gleaned from books of travels of the superiority of all
foreign climates, that to their mental vision everything in nature
seems tinged with the adventitious hue which an exalted imagi-
nation flings over it. We hear a great deal said by the herd of
tourists about the greater clearness of the sky and air, the free-
dom from fog and damps, the brighter colours of the flowers, and
finer flavour of the fruits, the larger growth of the trees, and a
thousand other perfections and immunities, denied it would appear
to our unlucky fatherland alone.* Yet a close observer of facts
will often see cause for believing that much of this alleged supe-
riority is assumed on that kind of credit which takes, on the
dictum of others, what indolence or inattention will not be at the
pains to correct or disprove. We are, besides, naturally apt to
think we see that which we have been taught to believe we ought
to see, and hence many popular fallacies pass current and unques-
tioned amongst the mass of mankind, because based on conclusions
` drawn from commonly admitted, but erroneous premises. Without
pretending to be freer than others from those prejudices or par-
tialities which warp the judgment of travellers on this and other
many-sided questions, I have noted down, at intervals, as occa-
sion or convenience suggested, the result of my observations on
the climate of the United States, always with a desire to see
things as they are, and fully sensible that a single year passed in
traversing a zone of such extent as that country comprises, gives
me no right to pronounce dogmatically for or against its climate.
I carried out with me (chiefly with the view of ascertaining the
mean temperature of the earth's surface by trying that of springs
and wells) a very delicate standard, thermometer of Newman’s,
having a slender cylindrical bulb, and graduated for all ordinary
atmospheric ranges, to accord exactly with others in my possession

* I once heard an individual relate, that being recommended for his health to try
a warmer climate, he decided on crossing from Dover to Calais, and returned home
after some weeks vastly improved, he told me, by the mé/der atmosphere of la belle
France. So much for a name! .

380 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

by the same accurate maker for comparison on my return home.
But this soon shared the fate that usually befalls these fragile aids
to science, when on foreign service, nor could I replace its loss
by an instrument of equal susceptibility, or on whose scale I
could as perfectly rely. I found, too, that even when stationary,
it was seldom possible for me to make choice of a situation in
which a thermometer. could give results worth recording from the
effect of radiation or of improper aspect; besides, that the publi-
city of a traveller's ordinary places of sojourn in America puts his
apparatus in perpetual danger of breakage, and it may be even of
abstraction.* Add to these difficulties the impossibility of making
a continuous or regular series of observations, and the propriety
of omitting such notices of temperature, except in an occasional
way, will, I think, be obvious to most persons.

With regard to the greater clearness, or (to speak more cor-
rectly) increased transparency, which so many travellers pretend
to discover in the transatlantic atmosphere, over that of Europe,
or, at least, of our own, I apprehend that there, as in England,
and most other parts of the temperate zone, this attribute be-
longs rather to the colder than to the warmer seasons of the
year, or when a low dew point indicates that the air has reached a
perfect state of aqueous solution, as in the case of frosts, &c.
I have already adverted to the remarkable prevalence of haze in
the United States, and shall have occasion in the sequel to refer
to the frequency with which the sky is overcast, sometimes for
days, nay almost for weeks together.t And though I have

* I hope I shall not be accused of unfounded insinuations against the honesty of
the American nation in hinting the possibility of the latter contingency, and so be -
compelled to take them at their word, and fall back, for my own defence, on the
rather startling request one finds posted up in every sleeping-room of most hotels in
that country, ;

“ Please to lock and bolt your door at night to prevent robbery.”

I believe there is as much security for property as well as person in the United
States, as in any country in the world; did our hotels swarm like theirs with
strangers of all classes, arriving and departing at every moment of the day and
night, a similar warning to the above would not be unnecessary.

+ I find, by my journal, that at Philadelphia from the 31st of October to the
15th of November (inclusive) 1846, the weather was constantly wet or thickly

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 381

brought much observation to bear upon the point, I could never
perceive any sensible distinction betwixt the tone or colouring, as
a painter would say, of an American and European sky, or could
detect any peculiarity in the varying aspect of the one which was
not as much a property of the other.

August 20th. Left Batsto after breakfast for Quaker Bridge,
a few miles further on, through a country similar to that traversed-
yesterday. The plants remarked growing about the former place
were such as had been previously observed on our way thither in
the morning, and on reaching the latter we found, to our great
annoyance, much of our best botanizing ground under water, and
of course inaccessible. Our first object was to secure the rare
Schizea pusilla, which Mr. James, who had gathered it here on a
former occasion, quickly pointed out to my admiring gaze, in
half-swampy grounds, just over the bridge, on the further side
from the hotel, on the right hand, and close by and below the
road, in plenty. This curious little Fern is said to grow in New-
foundland, and a nearly allied species (S. australis) in the Falkland
Islands ; these with the present station are the only ones known
as yet for the genus. From the overflowed state of the swamp,
we made but few additions to our list of yesterday, and many
summer plants were already out of flower. Of those we did collect,
I regret to say my notes have been lost. Narthecium americanum
was abundant on the edge of the swamp, and is probably only a
slight variety of JV. ossifragum. The capsules have the same
brick-red colour, which I find bleaches by mere keeping, to nearly
white. Æriocaulon decangulare, a fine species, often two feet high,
and growing immersed, was also plentiful here; whilst a terres-
trial species of Bladderwort (Utricularia cornuta), with erect fili-
form stems and small yellow flowers, occupied the damp sandy
margins of the bog. Cyperus mariscoides was abundant in damp
ground near the hotel, by which grew Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum and C. Botrys, both probably naturalized. The hotel, a
wooden building of pine boards, though homely, was clean, and

overcast, with the exception of one partially fair, and another entirely clear day; on
the remainder there was scarcely a gleam of sunshine.

382 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

the people civil and attentive. We retired to our double-bedded
room to be half smothered (more Germanorum) betwixt quilt and
feather bed, which, however snug lying in the depth of winter,
was rather de £rop in the month of August, whilst the absence of
mosquito curtains exposed us to the attack of those subtle
invaders, whenever we ventured to bivouack for coolness and
comfort outside of our downy fortress. Happily, the weather
which had been cool all day, though fine and pleasant, rendered
our condition supportable, and greatly thinned the forces of the
enemy. PT

August 21st. We rose early to return to Philadelphia, by a
different route from that traversed on coming hither, namely, by
Medford, &c., but a heavy rain and densely-clouded sky, seemed
to betoken a wet day. The weather, however, improved gradually,
and before noon assumed a drier and more favourable aspect, the.
sky the whole afternoon somewhat clouded, which by screening off
the sun’s rays made the temperature quite moderate. Quitting
the Pine barrens, a pretty and well-cultivated country succeeded,
the pastures along the roads were in many places profusely
adorned with the beautiful and fragrant Monarda punctata, now
in full flower. It is here called Horse Mint, and from it an
essential oil is extracted in great abundance. At a place where
we stopped for refreshment, I gathered the Butterfly Weed, Asclepia
tuberosa, whose orange-coloured flowers are more abundant and
quite as brilliant as those of the West Indies, (A. Curassariea)
though the plant is straggling, and less elegant in habit. The
species of this eminently American genus are numerous, and
widely dispersed over the Union, being everywhere amongst the
common plants met with. In sandy ground I gathered Tephrosia
virginica, Digitaria humifusa, Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria),
which grows like our Broom along the borders of woods and in
thickets very commonly ; Button Weed (Diodia teres, Spermacoce
Diodina, Mx.), Stagger Bush (Andromeda mariana), Persimmon,
(Diospyros virginiana), and Holly (Ile opaca). Betwixt Medford
and Camden we saw an entire pasture field quite yellow with the
charming Cassia Chamaecrista, called here Sensitive Pea, oF -

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 383

Partridge Pea, a less showy, but, to my mind, a more beautiful
and elegant species than C. marilandica, and less common than
either that or C. nicticans, in the vicinity of Philadelphia. AN `
three exhibit a high grade of vegetable irritability, the leaflets
closing together almost as soon as gathered, or even when rudely
handled or brushed by the feet in walking through the herbage.
The evening was much clearer, and quite, though not disagreeably
cool; night, fine starlight, when we reached Philadelphia, about
9, P.M. The various Orthoptera and Hemiptera, Crickets, Lo-
custs, Cicadas, &c., which so abound here, were very busy and
loud after sunset, even with the now diminished temperature ; the
Katydids, in particular, were extremely loquacious and importu-
nate. The two succeeding days were very damp, close, and over-
cast, with mizzling rain and much wet at night.

August 24th. Found Mr. James this morning with his hand
in a terrible state from accidental contact, during our late expe-
dition, with the Poison Oak or Poison Vine (Rhus toxicodendron
or R. radicans), though where, or at what moment, he touched
one or other of these venomous shrubs, he was quite unable to
say. This gentleman is so susceptible to the poisonous influence
of these plants and of the swamp Sumach (R. venenata) that
momentary contact, or a brush from a branch in passing through
a thicket, or getting over a fence, is sufficient to mduce in him
the usual irritative inflammation. For this reason he is obliged
to be constantly upon the look-out for his “old friends,” as he
jocosely calls them, which unfortunately abound too much in the
haunt of the botanist, to be easily avoided by him, whatever may
be his vigilance and circumspection. To persons so constituted,
this liability to meet an envenomed foe at every step, is a great
drawback to the enjoyment of a sylvan stroll, as to others would
be a ramble through a grove filled with wasps’ nests. Mr. J.
finds Ammonia the best antidote to the poison of the Rius, and
generally carries a small phial of it about him when in the country.
In the present case, the remedy was applied too late to avert
the consequences it could only assuage. When [ called this
day, a large space on the back of the hand was covered with

| VOL. VII. Yo Meo ded

384 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

vesicles, the cuticle was in part cracked and excoriated, and the
entire appearance was that of a severe burn or scald, from which
he had no expectation of recovering for, at least, a week or ten
days to come.

The account given by Kalm * of the effects of these poisonous
Sumachs on himself and others, coincides with my own experience
and the relation made to me by individuals who have themselves
suffered from the venom. He, however, goes farther in his nar-
rative of their mischievous powers than I am prepared to attest,
as when he says that some dare not meddle with the tree (A.
venenata) whilst its wood is fresh, nor can venture to touch a
hand which has handled it, or even to expose themselves to the
smoke of a fire made with its wood. Neither can I confirm what
he asserts of himself and his servant, that the same person may
be proof against the poison at one time and not another, and that
even handling the seeds and wood in winter, when both these and
the hands are cold, is not always a safe proceeding. These par-
ticulars coming from such respectable testimony, must be sup-
posed correct ; for my part, I can only say, that I have repeatedly
tried all these species whenever an opportunity offered, the leaves,
flowers, seeds, and wood, in summer and winter, when cool, and
heated by exercise and the weather, and have uniformly failed
to induce in myself the slightest symptoms of poisoning. It is to
the Rhus radicans ox toxicodendron that Moore alludes in his
beautiful ballad, The Lake of the Dismal Swamp :—

“And when on earth he sunk to sleep,
If slumber his eyelids knew,
He lay where the deadly vine doth weep

Its venomous tear, and nightly steep
The flesh with blistering dew.”

(To be continued.)

* Travels into North America, vol. i. p. 77 to 82, and Id. p. 177 et seqq. (English
Transl.) It is just a hundred years since Kalm, who was one of Linnæus’s most dis-
tinguished travelling pupils visited America. In matters not affected by lapse of
time, as his observations on Natural History and Botany, the face of the country
and its climate, having gone over the same ground as he did, I can bear witness to
the general accuracy of his statements, which renders his book still worthy of perusal, =
even in its execrable English dress, by.a foreign translator, and in spite of some — Ji
anilities and a vein of credulous simplicity which pervades the volumes. TS

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 385

Hersarium of the late Dn. Tomas TAYLOR.

We have previously announced the intention of the family to
dispose of this fine Herbarium of Cryptogamic plants, and we are
now given to understand, that if not taken by private contract, it
will be offered for sale in London. The value set upon the entire
collection, by competent judges, is £200. It is probable, in the
case of a collection so rich as this is in the several departments of
Cryptogamiæ, that the object of the present possessor would best
be gained by offering them in sets, according to the several
families: — viz., Ferns, Mosses and Hepatice, Lichens, Fungi,
and Alge. Under any circumstances, we trust they will be sent
to London for inspection, unless a liberal offer is previously made :
for them, and then they could be inspected by persons wishing to
purchase. Our following number will probably contain parti-
culars relative to the extent of the Herbarium.

Arrival of Plants from Swan River, the Annes or Quro, and
CALIFORNIA, for sale.

Mr. Heward, Young Street, Kensington, has lately had con-
fided to him several sets of plants from Mr. Drummond, about
four hundred in number, in continuation of the former sets, which
have been collected during an extensive overland journey to King
George’s Sound. From Dr. Jameson, also, Mr. Heward has
received specimens of Phænogamous plants from the Andes of El
Equador, and rich collections of Cryptogamiæ, chiefly Mosses,
from the same regions.

Mr. Hartweg (Turnham Green, Chiswick) is distributing to the
subscribers his well-preserved plants (about four hundred in
number) recently brought from California.

Copie d'une Lettre écrite à M. PamLATORE de Florence par

M. Aveusre pe S. HILAIRE.
Janvier, 1848.

Jai lu dans votre excellent journal la description que M. Tenore
XY o

336 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

a faite sous le nom de Pogostemon suavis de la plante connue des
parfumeurs sous celui de Patchouly ; et j’espére que vous voudrez
bien me permettre d’ajouter quelques mots à l’histoire de cette
Laliée. Elle fleurit pour la première fois en France pendant
Vhiver de 1844 dans la serre d’un amateur de la ville d’ Orléans.
M. le Dr. Pelletier Sautelet, professeur d'Histoire Naturelle à
l’école préparatoire de médecine de cette ville, fut invité a en faire
l'examen: il ne tarda pas à reconnâitre que c? était une espèce
nouvelle du genre Pogostemon, et au mois de Mars 1844 il en fit
paraitre la description sous le nom de Pogostemon Patchouly
dans le tome v. des Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences,
Belles Lettres, et Arts d'Orléans, recueil du se trouvent plusieurs
dissertations fort remarquables. M. Pelletier ne s’est pas contenté
de la description du Pogostemon Patchouly, il y a joint une figure
et des observations morphologiques d’un haut intérêt: un exem-
plaire de l’écrit de ce savant, que je joins à cette lettre, vous
montrera la parfaite exactitude de ces différents faits. Tl est clair
d’après tout ceci que la plante dont il s’agit doit porter le nom
de Pogostemon Patchouly ; mais on devra à M. Tenore de l'avoir
fait distinguer parfaitement du Pogostemon plectranthoides, Dest.,
et sa description restera comme une nouvelle preuve des efforts

que M. Tenore n'a cessé de faire pour contribuer aux progrés de
la botanique. * * * * *

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Nederlandsch KRUIDHUNDIG Arcutrr. By Messrs. DE VRIESE,
Dozy, and MorkENsoER. Leyden, 1846-7.

Our ignorance of the Dutch language unfortunately prevents us
from deriving all the information we could wish from this Journal,
stamped as it is by the authority of the respectable names above
given : the more strictly scientific matter, that is, the specific charac-
ters and descriptions, are in Latin, and there is no lack of interest

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 387

in the materials. The Dutch Herbaria, it is well known to all who
have visited them, are pre-eminently rich in the plants of the
Malayan Archipelago, and a more ample field for novelty no where
exists, which not the splendid Flora Jave, and the Rumphia of
Professor Blume, nor the more humble “ Bijdragen tot de Flora
van Nederlandsch Indié” of the same author, nor the beautiful
Kruidkunde of Dr. Korthals, can exhaust.

The work opens with a Bijdragen, or Prodromus of the Flora
of Sumatra, by De Vriese, where twenty-one Ferns are noticed,
and four Araliaceæ (to be continued). The same author else-
where describes Hymenocallis Borrkiana, Lansbergia Caracasana,
(Indie), Zamia muricata and Encephalartus Altensteinii, and he
edits Splitgerber's Reliquiæ Botanicæ Surinamensis. Korthals
writes on Borneo, Java, on Dipterocarpus Bandi, on the Myrtaceae
and Ranunculacee of the Dutch East Indies; and some memoirs
on the vegetation of those countries, which we could heartily wish
to see translated into French or English: Molkenboer, on the
Cryptogamie Flora of Holland: Bosel, on Dutch Algæ; Van
Hoven on the plants of Maastricht, &c. We are in possession of
three numbers of the work, and we trust it will be continued, and
will prove a medium of making known some of the numerous
treasures in the Musea of the Botanists of Holland.

——

Flora of FonrARsHIRE; by WinLiAM Garprner, Dundee, 1848.

This little volume furnishes a Catalogue (for there are no generic
or specific characters) of the Plants that have been detected in the
rich Scottish district of Forfarshire, a spot celebrated by the
researches of a Don and a Drummond, and in which the energies
of Mr. Gardiner are now called forth. Few, indeed, are the
botanists interested in Scottish plants who have not explored
those glens and mountains, the latter of which attain an ele-
vation of 3,000 feet, and certainly furnish more rare alpine
plants than any region of like extent in Great Britain. The
book, however, is not a mere catalogue: there are many interesting

888 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

remarks bearing on the peculiarities of the scenery, vegetation,
geographical distribution, &c., intermixed with numerous scraps of
poetry, a brief memoir of Mr. Don, and a longer one of Mr.
Drummond. The author follows the Natural arrangement, and
includes the Acotyledonous plants, though these, it may be
presumed, are far from offering a perfect list, especially in the
Alga and Fungi.

————

Asa Gray; Botany of the Northern United States. 1 vol. large
12mo. Boston and Cambridge, U. 8. A. 1848.

The name of Dr. Asa Gray is a sufficient guarantee for the
good execution of this work, which includes an area of the United
States, extending “from New England to Wisconsin and south to
Ohio and Pennsylvania, inclusive.” This territory has been, doubt-
less, better explored than any other portion of the United States,
and probably as much so as any portion of Europe; and the book
has, too, the rare merit among American Floras of including the
Cryptogamiæ (Algæ and Fungi excepted) as well as the flowering-
plants: the Lichens, indeed, being printed apart, as will be pre-
sently noticed. The whole is arranged in natural families, and is
accompanied by an introduction, containing “ Brief outlines of
Botany,” and a “ Glossary of Botanical Terms.” The work is in
English. The generic and specific characters are as brief as pos-
sible to be useful; and there are no synonyms. It is, indeed, an
admirable text-book for the student, whether in the field or in the
Herbarium; and those who desire farther information on the
plants of the Northern States, will doubtless have recourse to
the Flora of N. America, by Messrs. Torrey and Gray, which,
after some delay, is, we are happy to find, now progressing.

Of the Botany of the Northern United States, the Musei and
Hepatice are described by Mr. Sullivant, whose labours in those
departments of Botany we have more than once had occasion to
notice with high commendation.

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 389

Tuckerman, Epwarp, Esq.; Synopsis of the L1cHENS of the `
Northern United States and British America.

This useful synopsis appears, indeed, in one of the volumes of
the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
but it was prepared for Dr. Asa Gray’s work, noticed in the pre-
ceding article, “enlarged by the addition of many species from
Arctic America and from the Pacific coast ;" the latter, we pre-
sume, almost entirely, if not wholly, derived from the collections of
our British Arctic travellers and voyagers, and of Messrs. Douglas
and Scouler, though this is not very distinctly acknowledged.
What Mr. Sullivant is in America among the Mosses and Hepa-
tice, and what the late Dr. Schweinitz was among the Fungi,
Mr. Tuckerman is among the Zichens. And this distribution of
labour is of inestimable advantage to the promotion of science.
The system here adopted is that of Fries, in his Lichenographia
Europea reformata, with some emendations, derived from his
later works. The characters of the sectious and genera in the
Lichenographia have been throughout the basis of those now
given, and in part are adopted entire. The N. American Lichens
are here grouped into twenty-nine genera. A great number of
the species, as we had anticipated, are the same as those of Europe.

Genera Fiore AmericÆ Boreali-orientalis illustrata. The genera
of the Plants of the United States, illustrated by figures and
analyses from nature, by Isaac SenAGUE; superintended, and
with descriptions, $c, by Asa Gray, M.D., &c., &c. vol. i.
plates 1-100. Royal 8vo. Boston, 1848.

The progress of art and science in the United States of
America is, perhaps, nowhere better exemplified than in the
volume now before us, which, if carried to completion, will, we
hesitate not to say, rank among the most valuable and useful works
that have appeared in any country. The “ Genera Plantarum Flore
Germanicæ iconibus et descriptionibus illustrata,” of Théod.

390 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Fred. Nees von Esenbeck ; and the Iconographia Generum Plan-
tarum of Endlicher, seem to be the models on which this work is
cast; and we trust it will not meet with the same untimely fate
as has befallen them. The work is intended “to illustrate the
Botany of the United States by figures, with full analyses of one
or more species of each genus, accompanied by descriptive generic
characters and critical observations.” The figures are, in all cases,
delineated directly from nature by Mr. Sprague, and from the
living plant, wherever that is practicable. A great advantage.in
their publication is that “the illustrations are not drawn from
various orders or classes, at random or convenience; but the
natural families are taken up in regular sequence, according to the
arrangement now most prevalent among botanists (we need hardly
stop to assure our readers that of De Candolle, and of the Flora
of N. America, with slight alterations), and all the genera of each
family are published together, in their proper places, thus ren-
dering the volumes systematically complete, as they appear.” It is
the determination of the authors to proceed with the work to its
completion (in about ten volumes, like the one that now appears)
if the patronage received shall warrant the hope of a moderate re-
muneration to the artist. ‘ The ample and rapidly accumulating
materials,” continues Dr. Gray, “both of specimens in the Her-
barium, and of living North American plants in the Botanic
Garden under my charge, and the prompt assistance offered by à
large number of zealous correspondents, while they afford unusual
advantages for the purpose, render me increasingly desirous to
turn them to useful account, by prosecuting an undertaking, which
may serve to facilitate the more thorough study of botany in this
country, and perhaps contribute in some degree to the general —
advancement of the science.”

The plates are engraved upon steel by Mr. Joseph Prestale,
educated at Munich. In regard to geographical extent, the work
comprises all the plants of the Federal Union, and includes Texas,
and the States of Arkansas and Missouri.

The present volume extends to Portulacee, and most earnestly
do we wish success to so laudable an undertaking. ;

" NOTICES OF BOOKS. 391

Memoir of a Tour to Northern Mexico, in 1846 and 1847, by
A. WisrizENvUs, M.D., with three maps :—and a sketch of the
Botany of Dr. A. Wistizenvus’ Expedition from Missouri to
Santa Fe, Chihuahua, Parras Saltillo, Monterey, and Mata-
moros, by Dr. ExGELMANN. Washington, 1848.

The Tour itself is a very remarkable one, and made at a
season during which it was not unaccompanied with difficulty and
danger. The author's object was most praiseworthy : “ I desired
to examine the geography, natural history, and statistics of the
country ;” and his narrative is full of information on these heads.
But what chiefly concerns the readers of our Journal is the Botan-
ical collection, which Dr. Wislizenus wisely entrusted for publica-
tion to our friend Dr. Engelmann of St. Louis ; and that gentleman
has been able, in the appendix, to give a general view of the Flora
of the regions traversed, and to describe some of the most inter-
esting new plants. He would have done thus with the entire -
collection, had he not been, in St. Louis, much cut off from
access to large Herbaria and public libraries. The want of them
will, no doubt, have occasioned some plants to be described as
novelties which have elsewhere appeared in European works ; and
this, we suspect, is especially the case with the Cactez, of which
a very great number of species are stated to be new. Neverthe-
less, this is a very valuable addition to our knowledge of the
botany of a region of great interest (extending through 2,232
English miles of country), and hitherto almost wholly unex-
plored.

——————

Descriptions of Plants, collected by Mr. WitziAM GAMBEL, in the
Rocky Mountains and Upper California ; by Tuomas NUTTALL.
(Extracted from the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.)

We are glad to find the veteran Nuttall, so long identified with
the botany of America, again engaged in his favourite pursuit of
describing new genera and species of plants of N. America.

VOL. VII. * Y

392 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Mr. Gambel appears to have made an extensive journey asa
naturalist in Upper California, where he amassed a considerable
collection of plants. “The best part of the collections," how-
ever, we learn from a private communication of Mr. Nuttall (no
particulars of the journey being given in the work), “ were lost on
the route between Missouri and Santa Fè, having been committed
to the charge of a person who never delivered them. What re-
main (about 350 species) were gathered on the journey from
Santa Fè to Upper California. Among them are plants of consi-
derable interest, particularly two new genera, as they appear to be,
discovered on the island of Catalina, off the coast of St. Pedro,
in the Pacific. One is Gambelia (Nutt.), of the Nat. Ord. Sero-
phularinee, Sect. Antirrhinee: a very handsome shrub, three or
four feet high, with rather large tubular bright scarlet flowers,
of which I have not seen the perfect seed. It appears somewhat
allied to Ga/vesia. The second, without any natural affinity what-
ever to Paonia, has flowers resembling a small kind of that genus,
and is also a shrub four to five feet high, with cuneate small
alternate leaves and white flowers, about the size of large apple
blossoms; but its striking character lies in the seed, which is
nearly surrounded by a circular arillus, torn into so copious à
fringe, that on opening the capsule, the seeds seem to be wrapped
in tow." This plant constitutes a new genus in the present work,
and has the name of Crossocoma, Nutt. Many new genera and a
great number of new species are here given, including many of
Mr. Nuttall’s own discoveries (particularly among the Coro/ifore) ;

and a continuation of this paper may be looked for in the suc-
ceeding number of the Proceedings of the Academy.

The Bmrrsu Dusmipiex; by Joux Rates: the Drawings ly
Epwarp Jenner. London: Reeve, Benham, & Reeve. 1848.

| A work of first-rate merit; whether we look to the descriptive
matter, or to the beauty and execution of the plates. It does
honour to the authors, and to the age and country in which it has

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 393

appeared. At present, we can only recommend it, in general
terms, to the public; but we must revert to it more in detail in a
future number of our Journal. The full list of subscribers is a
convincing proof of the esteem in which Mr. Jenner and Mr.
Ralfs were held before the appearance of this publication.

Travels in CEYLON and Continental Innia, (with scientific
Appendices) by Dg. W. Horrmeisrer, Travelling Physician to
his Royat Highness, Prince Waldemar of Prussia. Translated
from the German. Edinburgh. 1848.

The untimely end of this promising naturalist is known to most
of our readers. While present with his Royal master, as spectator
at the battle of Ferozeshah, he was struck by a grape-shot which
entered the temple. “He fell forward to the ground. The Prince
instantly sprang from his horse and raised him; but the vital
spark had already fled. The advance of the forces compelled the
survivors to move on, leaving the slain on the field of battle; nor
was it till after two days had elapsed, that the body was found
and interred in the same tomb with several of his friends who fell
on that bloody day. A simple monument is erected in the burying-
ground, by Prince Waldemar, to the memory of his faithful phy-
sician and beloved companion.”

The volume consists of private letters, written for his own im-
mediate circle of relatives and friends. Fragments of botanical
and zoological information, which were scattered through his
posthumous papers and could not well be introduced into the
series of letters, have been appended separately. It is on account
of the former of these, the botanical fragments, that we notice the
work in this Journal. There is a great deal of interesting infor-
mation relating to the more striking and useful vegetable produc-
tions. One paper is on the vegetation of the Himalaya moun-
tains, and another, addressed to Baron Humboldt, “on the geo-
graphical distribution of the Conifer on the Himalayan range:” the

2x2

394 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

latter indicates considerable research. The fair translator of the
work, whose name nowhere appears in the volume, has well
performed her part, and not only as a translator, for she has
added many valuable notes, the result of extensive reading, ‘both
in history and science.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 395

Contributions towards a Frora or Brazi, being the distinctive
characters of some new species of Cowvosrra, belonging to the
tribe Sunuctontpem. By Grornce Garpner, Esq. F.L.S.,
Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.

(Continued from p. 296.)

4928. S. oblonga ; caule simplici piloso, foliis petiolatis oblongis
utrinque acutiusculis serrato-dentatis triplinerviis subtus
grosse reticulato-venosis, venis prominulis, utrinque piloso-
scabridis, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis elongatis versus
apicem hirsutis, involucri squamis exterioribus in appendicem
foliaceam obovatam obtusam glanduloso-dentatam hirsutam -
productis, intimis lineari-oblongis obtusis glabris.

Has. Dry upland Campos in the Diamond District. July, 1840.
Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, sesquipedales.

Folia opposita, 31—4 poll. longa, 12—15 lin. lata. Pedicelli 6 lin.

longi. Capitulum hemisphericum. Involucrum 5 lin. longum.

VicurerA, H. B. et K.

In my Brazilian collection of Composite I find a number of
species which are referable to the genera Viguiera, Leighia, and

Harpalium ; but, after a careful comparison of the characters of : i 2
these genera, I find that the only real difference between them is — —

a mere modification of the involucrum, and as this is not con-

sidered of sufficient importance to characterize genera in other - Ie

tribes of the Order, I purpose to follow up the suggestion thrown -
out by De Candolle, under the article Leighia, in the fifth volume
of the Prodromus :— Forte Viguiera, Leighia, et Harpalium in
unicum genus congreganda.” As he had several new species to
add to each of these genera, it is to be regretted that he did not
unite them all in one natural genus. In this case, however, as

in many others, he followed too implicitly the opinions of Cassini

and Lessing, on the genera of Composite.

Tf we trace the history of these three supposed genera, it = p

VOL. VIL — nate 22

396 ' — CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

be found that Viguiera is the oldest, having been established by
Humboldt et Kunth, in 1820, in the fourth volume of the Nova
Genera. In the following year Harpalium was constituted by
Cassini, in the twentieth volume of the Dict. des Sc. Nat.; and
next year, that is in 1822, Leighia was established by the same
author, in the twenty-fifth volume of the same work. It is to
Viguiera, therefore, that all the species which have been enu-
merated under the three genera must be referred.

The nearest affinity of these plants is evidently with Helianthus,
being only distinguished from it by the squamelle which
exist between the ariste of the pappus. This difference was,
however, considered of so little importance by Lessing, that in his
Synopsis (1832) he placed Harpalium and Leighia as subgenera
under Helianthus, retaining Viguiera as a distinct genus, but
with a technical character scarcely different from that of Heli-
anthus.

I have divided the genus, as now modified, into four sections,
all of which have already been indicated either as distinet genera
or sections. If any of the species thus associated together
have at all characters by which they may be distinguished
generically from the others, it is the two which are put into the
section Harpalium. In both of them the achenia of the ray are
entirely destitute of pappus, and therefore, in this respect, hold
the same relation to the other sections of Viguiera, that Doronicum
does to Senecio and its allies ; but then the section Harpalagia,
which immediately precedes it, contains species, some of which
have the pappus of the ray merely dentate, while in others it is
squamellate, and thus forms a transition from Harpalium to the
preceding sections. d
Vicurera, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 4. p. 994.— Lxrenia, Cass.

Dict. 95. p. 435. — HanrALIUM, Cass. Dict. 90. p. 299.—

HELIANTHI sp. Auct. a Wem
Char. Gen. Capitulum multiflorum heterogamum, floribus radii

neutris ligulatis, floribus disci tubulosis hermaphroditis. Zmvo- - i .
lucri squamee bi- aut pluri- serialibus æquales aut inæquales — :

laxe aut stricte imbricatz, exteriores apice sepe in appendi cem pL

FLORA OF BRAZIL, 397

- foliaceam producte. Receptaculum planum aut convexum,
paleis plus minus amplectentibus persistentibus obtusis aut acu-
minatis. Corolla disci tubus brevis, faux amplior cylindracea,
dentes 5. Styli rami appendiculati. Achenia radii abortiva
linearia pappo 2—3-aristato aristellisque aut coroniformi dentato
superata aut calva, disci obovato-oblonga compressa pappo
2-8-aristato et plurisquamellato, squamellis acutis sæpe basi
connatis.—Herbe aut suffrutices Americane habitu Helianthi ;
folis alternis vel oppositis, integris vel serrato-dentatis, tripli-
nerviis vel rariter penninerviis; capitulis pedicellatis, solitariis
aut subcorymbosis, flavis.

Sect. I. EUVIGUIERA.

Involucrum 2-seriale, squamis subæqualibus, exterioribus apice in
appendicem foliaceam productis. Achænia radii et disci pappo-
2—3-aristato aristellisque superata.

1731. V. hirsuta; caule simplici vel subramoso Pis tereti
hirsuto folioso, foliis oppositis subsessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis
utrinque acutis triplinerviis margine glanduloso-denticulatis
utrinque sparse hirsuto-villosis, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis
dense hirsuto-villosis folio subæquantibus, involucri squamis
2-seriatis, exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis foliaceis laxis
integris hirsutis disco longioribus, intimis lineari-oblongis
obtusis membranaceis margine ad apicem ciliolatis, ligulis
lineari-oblongis bidentatis, achæniis oblongis compressis vil- ——
losis, pappo aristis 2-3 et squamellis acutis irregularibus pe Eo
rimis constante.

Has. Dry open places on the Serra de Araripe, Province of
Ceará. Nov. 1838. |
Badix lignosa. Caules plures, subpedales. Folia opposita,

2-24 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata. Involucrum 10 lin. longum.

Capitulum flavum, ligulis pollicem longis.

3860. V. elegans; caule simplici erecto tereti striato hirto folioso,
foliis oppositis subsessilibus lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis tri-
plinerviis margine glanduloso-denticulatis utrinque piloso-hir-

. sutis, pedicellis terminalibus hirsutis folio brevioribus solitariis, :

222

398 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

involucri squamis 2-seriatis, exterioribus oblongis acutis foliaceis
laxis margine subdenticulatis extus hirsutis disco longioribus,
intimis linearibus acuminatis membranaceis puberulis, ligulis
oblongis acute bidentatis, achæniis oblongis compressis villosis,
pappo aristis 3 circiter et squamellis acutis pilosis subirregula-
ribus plurimis constante.

Has. In dry upland Campos near Villa de Arrayas, Province of
Goyaz. April, 1840.

Radix usque ad collum lignosa. Caules plures ex eadem radice,
vix pedales. Folia opposita, 2-3 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata. In-
volucrum 8 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis pollicem
longis.

Near the preceding species, from which it differs in being less
hairy, and in having the inner scales of the involuerum acuminated,
not obtuse. The ligules are, besides, broader and more deeply
bifid at the point. The pappus consists sometimes of as many as
four aristæ, and occasionally several of the small intermediate
ones are united together at the base.

4236. V. glabra; simplici erecto tereti striato glabriusculo, foliis
oppositis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis tripli-
nerviis integerrimis utrinque glabriusculis, pedicellis termina-
libus solitariis folio sublongioribus, involucri squamis 2-seriatis,
exterioribus lineari-lanceolatis acutis foliaceis glabriusculis
disco longioribus, intimis linearibus acuminatis, ligulis oblongis
obtusis obscure bidentatis, achæniis lineari-oblongis pilosis
subcalvis 3-aristatis et parce squamellatis.

Has. Open upland Campos, near Nossa Senhora d’ Abadia, Pro-
vince of Goyaz. May, 1840.

Radix lignosa. Caules plures, semipedales. Folia dmt
24 poll. longa, 3 lin. lata. Involuerum 6-7 lin. longum. Capi-
tulum flavum, ligulis 10 lin. longis.

4239. V. Humboldtiana ; caule subramoso erecto tereti striato
pubescente, foliis oppositis sessilibus oblongis utrinque acutis
vel obtusiusculis triplinerviis serratis utrinque puberulis, pedi-
cellis terminalibus solitariis folio multo longioribus, involucri

squamis 2-seriatis, exterioribus lanceolatis obtusis foliaceis 3 a

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 399

puberulis disco longioribus, intimis oblongo-lanceolatis acumi-

natis, ligulis oblongis obtusis 3-dentatis, acheniis oblongis

compressis glabris 2—3-aristatis, aristis scabridis, squamellis
intermediis paucis acutis.

Has. Arid upland Campos near Nossa Senhora d' Abadia, Pro-
vince of Goyaz. May, 1840.

Radix lignosa. Caules plures, subpedales. Folia opposita,
1-14 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata. Involucrum 6-8 lin. longum.
Capitulum flavum, ligulis pollicem longis.

2217 et 2218. V. Bonplandiana ; caule erecto ramoso tereti
striato villosiusculo, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-oblongis vel
oblongo-lanceolatis acutis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis
iriplinerviis serrato-dentatis utrinque adpresse pilosis, petiolis
villosis, pedunculis terminalibus solitariis folio multo longioribus,
involucri squamis 2-seriatis, exterioribus lineari-oblongis acutis
foliaceis pilosis ciliatis, intimis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis
membranaceis glabris ligulis late oblongis obscure bidentatis,
achzmiis oblongo-cuneatis compressis villosis 2—3-aristatis,
squamellis intermediis plurimis basi connatis.

Has. In moist open places between Boa Esperanga and Santa

. Anna das Mercês, Province of Piauhy. March, 1839,

Radix lignosa. Caules plures, subpedales. Folia opposita,
11-23 poll. longa, 10-14 lin. lata. Involucrum 44 lin. longum. —
Capitulum flavum, ligulis 71 lin. longis.

This differs from the last species in having the leaves cuneate at
the base, the pedicels shorter, and the capitula much smaller. |
3285. V. Kunthiana; caule simplici erecto tereti striato glabri-

usculo, foliis oppositis sessilibus linearibus 3-nerviis integris
adpresse pilosis, pedunculis terminalibus solitariis elongatis
piloso-puberulis, involueri squamis 2-seriatis, exterioribus ob-
longis acutis subfoliaceis scabris disco vix longioribus, intimis
lanceolatis acutis, ligulis lineari-oblongis profunde bifidis,
achzniis obovato-oblongis compressiusculis glabris 2—3-aristatis,
squamellis intermediis paucis acuminatis.

Has. Dry upland Campos near the Mission of Duro, Province of
Goyaz. Oct. 1839.

400 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Herba perennis. Caules plures, 2-21-pedales. Folia opposita,
2-3 poll. longa, 1-13 lin. lata. Involucrum 4 lin. longum. Capi-
tulum flavum, ligulis 10 lin. longis.

Readily distinguished from all the other species of the section
by its elongated slender stems, and long narrow leaves. Two or
three of the outer scales of the involucrum are somewhat smaller
than the rest.

4927 (bis). V. tenuifolia; caule smic erecto tereti striato
adpresse piloso-pubescente, foliis alternis vel inferioribus sub-
oppositis longe linearibus acuminatis 3-nerviis distanter minute
dentatis utrinque adpresse pilosis, pedunculis terminalibus soli-
tarüs folio longioribus, involucri squamis 2-seriatis utrinque
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis foliaceis hispidis disco longioribus,

. achænïüs junioribus lineari-oblongis pilosiusculis 9—3-aristatis,
squamellis intermediis lanceolatis laceratis basi connatis. .

Has. Serra de Curral del Rey, Province of Minas Geraés.
Sept. 1840.

Herba perennis. Caules plures, sesquipedales. Folia 4-53 lin.
longa, 14-2 lin. lata. Involucrum 6 lin. longum. Ligulæ ignotæ.

My specimen of this species has rather imperfect florets, the
capitulum having been attacked by insects ; but enough remains to
enable me to decide on the genus, ənd to give the above distinc-
_tive character.

Secr. II. Lerena.

Involucrum 2—3-seriale, squamis imbricatis in appendicem foliaeaan
patulo-squarrosam productis. Achenia radii et disci pappo
2—3-aristato aristellisque superata.

3861 et 3864. V. attenuata; caule suffruticoso erecto ramoso
tereti striato piloso-pubescente, foliis oppositis longe lanceo- `
latis acuminatis triplinerviis distanter minute serrato-dentatis
supra adpresse piloso-scabris subtus puberulis secus nervos

pilis adpressis scabris, pedicellis ad apices ramorum 1-2 hirsutis —

folio brevioribus, involucri squamis 3-seriatis, exterioribus
lanceolatis acuminatis foliaceis subpatulis hispidis disco brevi- :
dias: intimis membranaceis, paleis longe acuminatis, ligulis sa

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 401

oblongis acute bidentatis involucro vix duplo longioribus,

achzeniis villosis 2—3-aristatis et pluri-squamellatis.

Has. Bushy places near Villa de Arrayas, Province of Goyaz.
April, 1840.

Suffrutex ramosus, 4-5 pedalis. Folia 4-7 poll. longa,
9-18 lin. lata: petioli 22 lin. longi. Involucrum 43 lin. longum.
Capitulum flavum, ligulis 6 lin. longis.

Apparently near Leighia buphthalmiflora, DC., from which it
seems distinguished by its petiolate leaves, and involucrum shorter
than the disk.

3863. V. asperrima; caule suffruticoso erecto ramoso tereti
striato hirsuto, foliis oppositis sessilibus lanceolatis acutis tripli-
nerviis distanter serrato-dentatis supra adpresse piloso-scabris
subtus piloso-pubescentibus, pedicellis 1-2 ad. apices ramulorum
hirsutis folio longioribus, involucri squamis 3-seriatis exterio-
ribus ovato-oblongis obtusis foliaceis hispidis apice squarrosis
disco brevioribus, paleis oblongis acuminatis, ligulis oblongis
obtuse bidentatis, achæniis pilosis 2—3-aristatis et pluri-squa-
mellatis.

Has. Margins of woods near Villa de pus us Province of
Goyaz. March, 1840.

Suffrutex 3-pedalis. Folia 3-3} poll. - 8-104 lin. lata.
Involuerum 31 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis 5 lin.
longis.

4241. V. floribunda; caule suffruticoso erecto ramoso tereti

striato piloso-scabrido, foliis oppositis sessilibus lineari-lanceo- - : |
latis acutis basi attenuatis penniveniis serrato-denticulatis —

utrinque adpresse piloso-scabris, pedicellis ad apicem ramorum
1-3 subcorymbosis, involucri squamis 3-seriatis disco brevi-
oribus, exterioribus oblongis acutis scabridis apice foliaceis
subpatulis, paleis oblongis membranaceis acuminatis, ligulis
oblongis apice 2—3-dentatis, achzeniis oblongis compressis vil-
losis 2-aristatis et pluri-squamellatis, aristis parvis.

Has. Near Villa de Arrayas, Province of Goyaz. May, 1843.
Suffrutex 4-pedalis. Folia 4-5 poll.-longa, 5-6 lin. lata. In- —

volucrum 44 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis 7$ lin. ——

. longis. 2

402 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

2650. V. ramosissima; caule suffruticoso erecto ramoso tereti
striato piloso-scabro, foliis oppositis petiolatis lanceolatis utrinque
attenuatis penniveniis vel subtriplinerviis serratis utrinque ad-
presse piloso-scabris, pedicellis ad apices ramulorum subpanicu-
lato-corymbosis, involucri squamis 3-seriatis disco brevioribus,
exterioribus abrupte et breviter acuminatis scabridis ciliatis
apice foliaceis subsquamosis, paleis oblongis membranaceis acu-
minatis, ligulis oblongis obscure bidentatis, achæniis villosis
2-aristatis et squamellatis.

Has. Banks of the Rio Gurgea, Province of Piauhy. Aug. 1839.

. Suffrutex 3-4-pedalis. Folia 21—4 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata:

petioli 2 lin. longi, villosi. Involucrum 44 lin. longum. Capi-

tulum flavum.

4940. V. gracilis; caule suffruticoso erecto ramosissimo tereti
striato adpresse piloso-scabrido, foliis opposite sessilibus late
linearibus utrinque attenuatis triplinerviis vix denticulatis
utrinque piloso-scabris, pedicellis ad apices ramulorum 1-3 sub-
corymbosis, involucri squamis 3-seriatis disco parum brevi-
oribus, exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis scabris ciliatis
apice foliaceis patulis, paleis longe acuminatis, ligulis oblongis
bidentatis, acheeniis villosis 2-8-aristatis et pluri-squamellatis.

Has. In bushy places near San Domingos, Province of Goyaz.
May, 1840.

Suffrutex 2—3-pedalis. Folia 2—4 poll. longa, 2-3 lin. lata.

Involuerum 4 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum.

Secr. III. HARPALIZIA.

Involucrum 3—4-seriale, squamis imbricatis ovatis vel oblongis
acutis vel obtusis inappendiculatis. Achænia radii pappo
coroniformi dentato superata, disci pappo 2-3-aristato et squa-
mellato gerentia.

8291. V. oblongifolia; caule erecto simplici aut ad apicem ra-
moso tereti striato hirto, foliis oppositis brevissime petiolatis
oblongis acutiusculis triplinerviis integris utrinque piloso- |
scabris, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis valde elongatis, invo-
lucri campanulati squamis oblongo-lanceolatis scabris ci |

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 4.03

imbricatis, paleis linearibus acuminatis, achæniis glabris, radii

pappo coroniformi dentato superatis, disci 3 aristatis squamellis

intermediis paucis minimis.

Has. Dry upland Campos, Mission of Duro, Province of Goyaz.
Oct. 1839.

Herba perennis. Radix lignosa. Caules plures, sub-bipedales.
Folia summa alterna, 2-24 poll. longa, 8-10 lin. lata. Involu-
crum 5 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis oblongis acutis
integris 9 lin. longis.

The sete of the pappus of the ligulate florets are very small,
and the intermediate squamelle are nearly obsolete.

3290. V. nervosa; caule erecto simplici vel versus apicem ra-
moso tereti striato hirto, foliis oppositis subsessilibus elongato-
lanceolato-linearibus utrinque attenuatis triplinerviis integris
utrinque piloso-scabris, pedicellis terminalibus solitariis vel
ternis valde elongatis, involucri campanulati squamis oblongo-
lanceolatis acuminatis scabris ciliolatis, paleis linearibus acu- .
minatis, achzniis glabris pappo coroniformi subdentato supe-
ratis, disci 2-aristatis, aristis elongatis, squamellis intermediis
paucis laceratis.

Has. Bushy places in upland Campos near Villa de Natividade,
Province of Goyaz. Jan. 1840.

Herba perennis. Radix lignosa, caules plures ex eadem radice,
sesquipedales et ultra. Folia semper opposita, 3—5 poll. longa,
41—6 lin. lata, rigida, scaberrima. Pedicelli 6-12 poll. longi.
Involucrum 6 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis lineari-
oblongis obscure bidentatis, 9 lin. longis.

'This species is distinguished from the last by its very long,
narrow leaves, acuminated involucral scales, but principally by
the ariste of the pappus of the disk, which are much longer in
proportion to the length of the squamellæ than in the preceding.
4233. V. robusta ; caule erecto ad apicem ramoso tereti striato

villosiusculo, foliis alternis sessilibus oblongis acutiusculis tri-

plinerviis margine revolutis serrato-dentatis supra scabris nitidis
subtus piloso-pubescentibus, capitulis ad apices ramulorum

VOL. VII. 3A

404 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

1-2 breviter pedicellatis, involucri hemispherici squamis ovalibus

obtusis pilosis ciliatis imbricatis, receptaculo convexo, paleis

obtusissimis, acheniis radii linearibus triangularibus pilosis
pappo coroniformi dentato superatis, disci oblongis pilosis
2-aristatis, squamellis intermediis laceratis subæqualibus.

Has. Dry upland Campos near San Domingos, Province of

Goyaz. May, 1840.

Herba perennis. Caules plures ex eadem radice, 2-3-pedales.
Folia 13-3 poll. longa, 8-10 lin. lata, subtus pallida, reticulata,
venis prominulis. Involucrum 4 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum,
ligulis obscure 3-dentatis, 6 lin. longis.

Sect. IV. HangPALIUM.

Involuerum 3-4-seriale, squamis laxe imbricatis subæqualibus
lineari-lanceolatis. Achænia radii calva, disci pappo 2-3-aris-
tato et squamellato superata.

3288. V. grandiflora; caule erecto simplici striato hispido, foliis
alternis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis apice
acutis aut subacuminatis ultra medium serrato-dentatis tripli-
vel subquintupli-nerviis supra sparse adpresseque pilosiusculis
subtus piloso-pubescentibus, pedicellis 1-3 terminalibus, invo-
lucri squamis 3-seriatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis extus
pilosiusculis ciliatis, paleis membranaceis lanceolatis acuminatis,
acheniis glabriusculis, radii linearibus abortivis calvis, disci
oblongis compressis acute 4-angulatis 2-aristatis, squamellis in-
termediis denticulatis.

Leighia grandiflora, Gardn. Sert. Plant. t. 54-55. Walp. Repert.
Bot. Syst. 6. p. 165. :

Has. Dry hills near the Mission of Duro, Province of Goyaz.
Oct. 1839.

This plant was first published by me in the Sertum Plantarum,
as a species of Leighia. The achænia of the ligulate florets, which
are destitute of pappus, refer it to Harpaliwm, in which section I
now place it with àn amended specific character.

4234. V. bracteata; caule erecto apicem versus ramoso tereti
striato glabriusculo, foliis alternis sessilibus elongato-linearibus

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 405

utrinque attenuatis triplinerviis margine distanter subdenticu-
latis utrinque piloso-pubescentibus, capitulis ad apices ramorum
subsessilibus bracteatis, involucri hemispherici squamis pluri-
seriatis laxe imbricatis puberulis disco brevioribus, exterioribus
lanceolato-linearibus acuminatis, intimis lineari-oblongis acutis,
receptaculo conico, paleis oblongis obtusiusculis, achæniis radii
linearibus glabris abortivis calvis, disci oblongis compressis
pilosis 2-aristatis, squamellis intermediis plurimis acutis.
Has. Dry upland Campos between Arrayas and San Domingos,
Province of Goyaz. May, 1840.
Herba perennis, 2—3-pedalis. Folia 3-44 poll. longa, 2 lin.
lata. Involucrum 7 lin. longum. Capitulum flavum, ligulis
lineari-oblongis obscure 2-3-dentatis, 10 lin. longis.

Bivens, Linn.

4257. B. (Psilocarpea) venosa ; glaberrima, caule tereti striato,
folus oppositis sessilibus oblongis aut superioribus cuneato-
lanceolatis tripli- vel subquintupli-nerviis grosse serratis, capi-
tulis terminalibus subcorymbosis breviter pedicellatis discoideis,
involucri squamis exterioribus parvis lineari-lanceolatis acumi-
natis patulis, interioribus lineari-oblongis acutis adpressis disco
brevioribus, achænüs glabris linearibus compressis 4-angulatis
:striatis 2-aristatis ad apicem tantum glochidiatis.

Has. Dry upland Campos between Arrayas and San Domingos,
Province of Goyaz. May, 1840. |
Herba perennis. Caules erecti, ad apicem ramosi. Folia

24-8 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata, parallele venosa, venis utrinque ———

prominulis. Involucrum 6 lin. longum. Achenia 6 lin. longa.
4254. B. (Psilocarpea) patula; caule fruticoso scandente tereti
striato, ramulis teretibus glabris, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-
lanceolatis acuminatis basi rotundatis in petiolum cuneato-
attenuatis serrato-dentatis, acumine integris, supra glabris
subtus piloso-pubescentibus penniveniis, capitulis pedicellatis
ad apices ramulorum corymbosis in paniculam magnam dispo-
sitis radiatis (?), involucri squamis subæqualibus linearibus
acuminatis patulis, achæniis linearibus compressis striatis ad
3A2

406 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

angulos laterales dense piloso-ciliatis bi-aristatis, aristis demum
divaricatis glochidiatis.

Has. Bushy places near San Bernardo, Province of Goyaz.
May, 1840.
Frutex scandens. Folia 4-5 poll. longa, 18-22 lin. lata: petioli

pollicem longi. Involucrum 6 lin. longum. Achænia 6 lin. longa.

Lirocaæra, DC.

3847 et 4235. L. Goyazensis ; caule fraticuloso tereti scabro ; foliis
longe petiolatis late ovatis acutis basi subcordatis in petiolum
subcuneato-attenuatis vel ovato-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis
triplinerviis serrato-dentatis supra scabriusculis subtus pubes-
centi-tomentosis, pedicellis terminalibus hispidis ternis capitulo
demum quadruplo longioribus, involucri squamis 2-seriatis,
exterioribus oblongis obtusis foliaceis scabris disco subæquan-
tibus, intimis lanceolatis acutis membranaceis, ligulis 10 ob-
longis, paleis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis, acheeniis radii tri-
quetris subalatis 3-aristatis et pauci-squamellatis, xp
apice inciso-pilosis.

Has. Near Villa de Arrayas (3847), and near San Domingos
(4235), Province of Goyaz. March-May, 1840.

. Suffrutex ramosus. Folia opposita, 4—6 poll. longa, 2-2} poll.

lata: petioli 12-15 lin. longi. Pedicelli 9-12 lin. longi. Capi-

tulum flavum, floribus radii foemineis.
In n. 4235 the leaves are much narrower than in the other
number, but the plants are otherwise the same.

Verpesina, Less.

875. V. lancifolia; caule suffruticoso ramoso, ramis teretibus
striatis pubescentibus, foliis alternis decurrentibus lanceolatis
acuminatis basi longe cuneato-angustatis subdenticulatis supra
scabriusculis subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, capitulis 10-14
corymbosis, involueri squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis cilio-
latis, ligulis 3 circiter ovalibus 3-dentatis, acheniis cuneato-
linearibus vix alatis margine ciliolatis bi-aristatis.

Has. Bushy places near the city of Bahia. Sept. 1838.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 407

Suffrutex ramosus, 3-pedalis. Folia 2 poll. longa, 7 lin. lata,
supra viridia, subtus fulva. Capitula ovata, 3 lin. longa. Ligulæ
disco paulo longiores, albæ.

Near V. microptera, DC.

4927. V. floribunda; caule suffruticoso, ramis angulato-striatis
velutino-tomentosis, foliis alternis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis
utrinque acuminatis margine tenuiter revolutis distanter denti-
culatis penniveniis supra scabriusculis subtus fulvo-pubescen-
tibus, capitulis plurimis pedicellatis corymboso-paniculatis,
involucri squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis patulis, ligulis
nullis, paleis lanceolatis acuminatis, achzeniis oblongo-cuneatis
compressis late alatis, alis lacerato-ciliolatis biaristatis.

Has. Near Villa do Principe, Province of Minas Geraés. Aug.
1840.

Suffrutex ramosus, 6-12-pedalis. Folia’ 10-12 poll. longa,
2-8 poll. lata. Achzenia 2 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata, alis albidis.

This, as a species, will range along with V. arborea, H. B. K.

SPILANTHES, Jacq.

4922. S. (Acmella) ecliptoides; caule basi repente adscendente
hirsuto, foliis oppositis petiolatis lanceolatis acutis basi cuneato-
attenuatis triplinerviis distanter serrato-dentatis utrinque sub-
hirsutis, pedicellis terminalibus piloso-hispidis gracilibus, capi-
tulis ovatis obtusis radiatis, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis
acutis 3-nerviis piloso-hispidis, interioribus basi membranaceis
complicatis, ligulis late oblongis 3-dentatis involucro paulo
longioribus, achzeniis glabris calvis.

Has. Near Perna de Paó, on the confines of the Province of
Minas Geraés with that of Rio de Janeiro. Oct. 1840.

Herba pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata. Pedi-
celli 2 poll. longi. Involuerum 2 lin. longum. Flores lutei.
Ligulæ basi glabræ. Corollæ disci basi pilose.

Near S. doronicoides, DC., with which it agrees in habit, but
differs in having serrated acute leaves, and glabrous achænia des-
titute of aristæ.

2223. S. (Acmella) melampodioides ; caule basi repente adscen-

408 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

dente glabro apice pilosiusculo, foliis oppositis petiolatis late

ovatis obtusis repando-dentatis trinerviis utrinque pilosiusculis,

petiolis subciliatis, pedicellis terminalibus demum alaribus folio
brevioribus, capitulis subglobosis radiatis, involucri squamis
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis pilosiuseulis ciliatis, ligulis circiter

8 profunde bilobis lobis obtusis involucro brevioribus, achæniis

oblongis compressis margine ciliatis, radii calvis, disci bi-

aristatis.

Has. Moist places near the city of Oeiras, Province of Piauhy.
April, 1839.

Herba subpedalis. Folia 32 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata, basi
truncata aut subcordata, subtus pallida: petioli pollicem longi.
Involuerum 3$ lin. longum. Flores pallide lutei. Ligulæ et
corolle disci basi glabree.

This ranges along with S. Beccabunga, DC.

3866. S. (Acmella) Arrayana; caule erecto ramoso sparse subhir-
tello, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis obtuse acumi-
natis basi in petiolum cuneato-attenuatis grosse inciso-dentatis
triplinerviis supra glabriusculis subtus ad nervos pilosiusculis,
petiolis subciliatis, pedicellis terminalibus demum alaribus folio
paulo longioribus, capitulis ovato-conicis radiatis, involucri
squamis exterioribus circiter 5 oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis ecili-
atis, ligulis ovalibus emarginatis involucro paulo longioribus,
achzeniis vix ciliolatis calvis.

Has. Near Villa de Arrayas, Province of Goyaz. March, 1840.
Herba subbipedalis. Folia 3 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata. In-

volucrum 13 lin. longum. Flores lutei. Ligule basi pilose.

Corolle disci basi glabræ.

Near S. Lundii, DC., from which it is distinguished by its
deeply inciso-dentate leaves, and nearly glabrous achzenia desütute
of aristæ.

GLOSSOGYNE, Cass.
4253. G. Brasiliensis; caule demisso lignoso ramoso, ramis con-

fertis dense foliosis, foliis ternatim biternatimye sectis, seg-
mentis acerosis compressis striatis, pedunculis terminalibus

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 409

solitariis valde elongatis ad medium 1-squamosis, involucri

squamis ?-seriatis, exterioribus lineari-lanceolatis intimis plus

duplo brevioribus, intimis oblongo-lanceolatis margine mem-

branaceis ciliolatis, paleis oblongis obtusis, achzeniis linearibus

exalatis margine ciliolatis biaristatis, aristis tenuibus scabris.
Has. Dry upland Campos near Nossa Senhora d' Abbadia, Pro-

vince of Goyaz. May, 1840.

Herba basi fruticulosa, subpedalis. Folia ad ramos confertis-
sima, 13 poll. longa, segmentis angustissimis acutis: petioli basi
dilatati. Pedunculi 6-8 poll. longi, striati. Involucrum cam-
panulatum, vix 3 lin. longum. Ligule ignotæ. Corolle. disci
tubulosæ, 5-dentatæ, basi pilose. Styli rami in appendicem
teretem elongatam hispidam producti. Achenia 2 lin. longa,
aristis parum divaricatis scabris nec retrorsum setosis.

I had at first referred this plant to the genus Zsostigma, but now
find that it is more nearly related to Glossogyne. From the former
it differs in habit, in the wingless achænia, and scabrous, not
glabrous, aristæ; while with the latter it agrees in habit, and in
having wingless achenia, and only departs in the ariste being
simply scabrous, not retrorsely setose.

Enuypra, DC.

5522. E. Anagallis ; caule hispido, foliis breviter petiolatis lineari-
oblongis obtusis basi biauriculatis serrato-dentatis glabriusculis

` membranaceis, capitulis ad axillas solitariis sessilibus, involucri
squamis exterioribus late ovatis obtusis parallele nervosis sub-
hispidis, paleis radii obovatis 3-dentatis, dentibus obtusis
pilosis.

Has. In ditches at the Laranjeiras, near Rio de Janeiro. Jan.

1841.

Herba perennis. Caules basi ad nodos radicantes demum ad-
scendentes, ramosi. Folia 23 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata. Involueri
squamæ exteriores 71 lin. longæ, 6 lin. late.

From the very short and imperfect characters which are given
of the species of this curious genus in De Candolle’s Prodromus,
it is quite possible that the three species which I here consider as

410 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

new, may belong to already described ones. This point, however,
can only be determined by those who have access to authentic
specimens. The present species seems more nearly related to
the Asiatic than the American section, and but for its much
broader leaves agrees in many respects with E. paludosa, DC.

1976. E. rivularis ; caule hispido, foliis breviter petiolatis longe

lineari-lanceolatis apicem versus attenuatis basi obtusis vix

auriculatis distanter subdenticulatis supra scabridis subtus ad

nervos piloso-pubescentibus membranaceis, capitulis ad axillas
solitariis sessilibus, involueri squamis exterioribus late ovatis

acuminatis reticulatis glabriusculis, paleis radii obovatis 4—5-

dentatis, dentibus acuminatis pilosis.

Has. In slow running streams near Barra do Jardim, Province

of Ceara. Dec. 1838.

Herba perennis. Caules basi ad nodos radicantes, demum
adscendentes, bipedales, ramosi." Folia 4 poll. longa, 6-9 lin.
lata. Involucri squame exteriores 5 lin. longæ, 44 lin. late.
1053. E. integrifolia; caule glabro, foliis sessilibus lineari-lanceo-

latis acuminatis basi subauriculatis margine revolutis integer-

rimis supra scabridis subtus pubescentibus membranaceis, capi-
tulis ad axillas solitariis sessilibus, involucri squamis exterio-
ribus rotundatis obtusis reticulatis glabris, paleis radii inæqua-
liter 3-dentatis acutis pilosis.

Has. In saline marshes in the Island of Itamarica, Province of

Pernambuco. Dec. 1837.

Herba perennis. Caules basi ad nodos radicantes, demum
adscendentes, ad apicem ramosi, bipedales. Folia 21-3 poll.
longa, 3—4 lin. lata. Involucri squamæ exteriores 3 lin. longe,
3 Im. circiter late.

The stems and leaves of this apparently very distinct species
become black when dry.

PoroPHYLLUM, Vaill.

4259. P. (Euporophyllum) angustissimum ; suffruticosum glabrum `
dichotomo-ramosum, foliis alternis linearibus integerrimis
acutis eglandulosis, involucri cylindriei squamis linearibus
acutis, achzeniis scabris.

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 411

Has. Dry upland Campos between Arrayas and San Domingos,

Province of Goyaz. May, 1840. .

Suffrutex 3-pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, angustissima.
Pedicelli brevissimi, ad apicem incrassati, striati. Involucrum
cylindricum, 9 lin. longum, squamis 3-nerviis, margine mem-
branaceis, 14 lin. latis, achænium 33 lin. longum.

This comes very near P. dineare, DC., of which I possess
numerous specimens from different parts of Brazil, but may be
distinguished from it by its numerous leaves, shorter pedicels,
narrow cylindrical, not oblong, capitula, involucral scales a third
longer, its very much narrower, shorter achænia, and longer and
less scabrous pappus. The involucrum is almost that of P. pre-
nanthoides, DC., but shorter; while the leaves are like those of
P. lineare, only narrower.

AMPHICALEA. Genus Novum.

Char. Gen. Capitulum 4-florum homogamum. Lnvoluerum cylin-
dricum, squamis pluriserialibus adpresse imbricatis siccis, exte-
rioribus ovatis obtusis, intimis oblongis obtusis. Receptaculum
parvum, conicum, nudum. Corolle tubulosæ, 5-fidæ. Anthere
ecaudatæ, exsertæ. Styli rami apice truncati, subcapitati, his-
piduli. Achænia lineari-oblonga, tetragona, resinoso-punctata,
villosa. Pappus uniserialis, paleis circiter 12 scariosis enerviis
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis ad apicem lacerato-pilosis. —
Herbæ aut frutices Bracilienses; caulibus erectis ad apicem

corymboso-paniculatis glabris vel velutino-tomentosis; folus. ae ce

alternis vel oppositis (?), sessilibus, elliptico-oblongis aut subro- —

tundatis, integris aut erenato-dentatis, subtriplinerviis, reticu-

latis; capitulis pedicellatis, ad apices ramulorum. ternis, in
corymbum amplum compositum. dispositis; floribus luteis.

This genus is established for the reception of two plants, one
of which was collected by myself in Brazil, the other is Calea ?
gentianoides, DC. : The latter, indeed, I have not seen, but,
judging from De Candolle’s description, I have no hesitation
in considering it a congener of my plant. The latter has very
much the habit of Lemmatium, DC., and of some species of

VOL. VII. C8

412 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Calea, but both the species differ not only from them, but from
the division to which they belong, in having a naked receptacle.
This character, together with the want of ligulate florets, refers
them to the subdivision ZuZeleniez, but in it I can meet with no
genus to which they are naturally allied. They seem to con-
stitute a connexion between the subdivisions Huheleniee and

Eugalinsogeea. De Candolle accounts for the absence of paleæ in

Calea? gentianoides, by supposing that the central florets are

deficient, the few which exist being marginal ones; and such most

likely is the case. I retain the sectional name given by De Can-
dolle to his plant for that of the genus.

4925. A. fruticosa; fruticosa, caulibus angulato-sulcatis fulvo-
velutino-tomentellis ad apicem ramosis, foliis alternis sessilibus
subrotundatis basi subcordatis crenato-dentatis penniveniis vel
junioribus subtriplinerviis utrinque scabris subtus puberulis et
valde reticulatis.

Has. Open bushy places on the Serra das Araras, on the confines
of the Province of Minas Geraés with that of Goyaz. June,
1840.

Frutex 3-pedalis. Caules plures ex eadem radice. Folia 23-3
poll. longa, 2-23 poll. lata, subtus pallida. Capitula breviter
pedicellata, subcylindrica. Involucrum 6 lin. longum, glabrius-
culum, stramineum. Achenia 21 lin. longa, squamellis 14 lin.
longis.

A. gentianoides, Gardn.—Calea ? gentianoides, DC. Prodr. vol.5.
p. 671.

De Candolle does not state whether the leaves are opposite or
alternate in this plant.

Meryeria, DC.

4244. M. teuerufolia; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis
hirtellis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis acutis basi
subcuneatis triplinerviis grosse crenato-serratis, serraturis
utrinque 3—4 utrinque hirtellis, capitulis terminalibus breviter
pedicellatis solitariis, involucri squamis exterioribus obtusis
fohaceis hirtellis brevibus, intimis oblongis obtusis glabris,

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 413

paleis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, acheniis scabriusculis,

pappi paleis 15 circiter spathulato-oblongis obtusis achænio

iriplo brevioribus.

Has. Dry, sandy, bushy Campos between San Domingos and
Capella da Posse, Province of Goyaz. May, 1840.

Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 6-8 lin. longa, 3-4 lin. lata. In-
volucrum campanulatum, squamis interioribus 5-6 lin. longis
striatis margine scariosis. Corollæ ignotæ. Achænia 23 lin. longa.
2904. M. microphylla ; fruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus pubes-

centibus, foliis parvis petiolatis ovatis acutis triplinerviis margine

revolutis crenato-dentatis, dentibus utrinque 2-3 supra sca-

bridis subtus hirtellis, capitulis terminalibus breviter pedicellatis

solitariis, involucri squamis exterioribus ovato-rotundatis sub-

foliaceis pubescentibus, intimis ovalibus obtusis glabris, paleis

oblongis acutis subtridentatis, acheniis acute quadrangulatis

glabris, pappi paleis 12 circiter ellipticis obtusis achænio multo
' brevioribus.

Has. On the banks of the Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco.
Sept. 1839.

Frutex 2—3-pedalis. Folia 3-31 lin. longa, 14-2 lin. lata. In-
volucrum ovato-campanulatum, squamis interioribus 31 lin. longis
striatis margine scariosis. Ligule oblongæ, glabræ, obtuse 3-den-
tate. Corolle disci tubulosæ, profunde 5-fide, glabre. Styli
rami exappendiculati. Achænia 14 lin. longa.

With the last this species agrees exactly in habit, but is dis-
tinguished by its smaller leaves, smaller capitula, and by the
different paleæ, achænia, and pappus.

3855. M. hypericifolia; fruticulosa ramosa, ramis tetétibus
striatis puberulis, foliis vix petiolatis oblongo-linearibus utrinque
obtusiusculis triplinerviis integris vel subdentatis utrinque gla-
briusculis subtus impresso-punctatis, capitulis terminalibus
breviter pedicellatis solitariis, involucri squamis exterioribus
ovato-oblongis obtusis subfoliaceis basi ciliolatis, intimis oblongis
obtusis glabris, paleis anguste linearibus acuminatis, achæniis
obscure quadrangulatis glabris, pappi paleis 12 circiter parvis
subrotundis. 4

352

414 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

- Has. Bushy, gravelly places near Villa de Natividade, Province
of Goyaz. Feb. 1840.

Suffrutex bipedalis, ramosissimus. Folia 8-104 lin. longa,
2—3 lin. lata, subpuberula. Involucrum ovatum, squamis inte-
rioribus 3 lin. longis. Ligule oblongz, obscure bidentate,
glabre. Corollz disci tubulosæ, profunde 5-fidæ, glabre. Styli
rami truncati. Acheenia 14 lin. longa. |
3282. M. angustifolia ; suffruticosa ramosa, ramis teretibus striatis

puberulis, foliis sessilibus longe linearibus obtusis uninerviis

margine revolutis integris, capitulis pedicellatis solitariis, mvo-
lucri squamis exterioribus ovatis obtusis parum foliaceis glabris,
interioribus oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis glabris, paleis anguste
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, achszmniis glabris, pappi paleis

12 circiter minutis rotundatis.

Has. Bushy places near Villa de Natividade, Province of Goyaz.
April, 1840. |
Suffrutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 13-2 poll. longa, lineam circiter

lata, subtus punctata. Involucrum ovatum, squamis interi-

oribus oblongis striatis, 3 lin. longis. Ligulz ovate, obscure
2-dentate, glabræ. Corolle disci tubulosæ, 5-fidæ, glabree. Styli
rami truncati, subcapitati. Achænia 14 lin. longa.

This species is well distinguished by its long narrow leaves,
narrow capitula, and very minute scales of the pappus.

2903 et 4242. M. Candolleana; suffruticosa ramosa, ramis tere-
tibus striatis scabris, foliis breve petiolatis oblongis vel ovato-
oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis trinerviis margine revolutis
serrato-dentatis utrinque scabridis subtus ad nervos pilosius-
culis, capitulis subcorymbosis paucis longe pedicellatis, invo-
lucri squamis exterioribus parvis ovatis obtusis ciliolatis scabri-
usculis membranaceis, intimis oblongis obtusis glabris, paleis
lanceolatis acuminatis subtridentatis, acheniis glabris, papp!
paleis 12 circiter minutis subrotundatis.

Has. In marshy Campos on the Serra da Batalha, district of the
Rio Preto, Province of Pernambuco, Sept. 1839 (2903), and
in similar situations near San Domingos, Province of Goyaz,
May, 1540 (4242).

FLORA OF BRAZIL. 415

Suffrutex 21-pedalis. Folia 13-2 poll. longa, 6-9 lin. lata.
Involucrum ovato-campanulatum, squamis interioribus oblongis
obtusis striatis 43 lin. longis. Ligule obovate, obscure 4-den-
tate, glabree. Corolle disci tubulosæ, 5-dentatæ, tubo pilosius-
culo. Styli rami exappendiculati. Achznia 1} lin. longa.

3856. M. elongata ; suffruticosa ramosa, ramis striato-subangulatis
scabris elongatis, foliis subsessilibus lineari-oblongis obtusis
trinerviis, nervis utrinque prominulis, subsinuato-crenatis
utrinque scabris subtus punctatis, margine revolutis capitulis
subcorymbosis paucis pedicellatis, involucri squamis exterioribus
parvis ovato-rotundatis margine scariosis scabris, intimis
oblongis obtusis scabriusculis, paleis lineari-lanceolatis acumi-
natis, achæniis glabris, pappi paleis 15 circiter parvis subrotun-
datis subdentatis.

Has. In boggy places on the Serra de Natividade, Province of
Goyaz. Jan. 1840.

Suffrutex 3—4-pedalis. Folia 11-2 poll. longa, 3-5 lin. lata.
Involuerum ovato-campanulatum, squamis interioribus striatis
ciliolatis, 44 lin. longis. Ligulæ obovato-oblongæ, obtuse 3-den-
tate, glabræ. Corolle disci tubulosæ, 5-dentatz, glabra, styli
rami exappendiculati. Achzenia 13 lin. longa.

CALEA, A. Br.
Secr. Discocauza, DC.

4247. C. subrotunda ; fruticosa, ramis oppositis villoso-tomentosis,
foliis petiolatis late ovato-subrotundis obtusis basi cordatis tri-
plinerviis margine revolutis obtuse crenatis supra hirtellis sca-
briusculis subtus villoso-tomentosis, corymbis terminalibus et
axillaribus confertis 5-8-cephalis, capitulis ovatis discoideis
6—8-floris, involucri squamis membranaceis, exterioribus ovato-
rotundatis obtuse mucronatis ciliatis, intimis ovato-oblongis
obtusis glabris, paleis ovato-lanceolatis 3-dentatis, dente medio
lato obtusissimo lacerato, lateralibus minoribus acutis, achæntis
hispidis, pappi paleis linearibus acuminatis serrulatis.

Has. Dry bushy places near San Pedro, Province of Goyaz.
May, 1840.

416 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Frutex 2-3-pedalis. Folia 11-2 poll. longa, 18-21 lin. lata.
Involuerum 31 lin. longum. Corolle tubulose, profunde 5-fide,
luteæ. Styli rami exappendiculati. Paleæ pappi 20, achænio
duplo longiores.

3853. C. /antanoides; caule suffruticoso erecto tereti striato
pubescente vix ramoso, foliis oppositis petiolatis ovatis obtusis
basi rotundatis triplinerviis margine revolutis crenato-dentatis
supra scabris subtus pubescenti-tomentosis, pedunculis axilla-
ribus terminalibusque ad apicem subfoliaceis folio brevioribus,
capitulis pedicellatis umbellatis ovato-oblongis 7 -floris, involucri
squamis exterioribus ovatis acutis, intimis ovato-oblongis
obtusis, paleis ovato-lanceolatis sub-3-dentatis, dentibus acutis,
achæntis hispidis, pappi paleis linearibus acuminatis serrulatis.

Has. Dry upland Campos near Villa de Arrayas, Province of
Goyaz. March, 1840.

Suffrutex 2—3-pedalis. Folia 3-31 poll longa, 13-2 poll.
lata. Involucrum 3% lin. longum. Receptaculum conicum.
Corolle tubulosæ, profunde 5-fidæ, luteæ, styli rami elongati ex-
appendieulati. Paleæ pappi 20, achænio plus duplo longiores.

This approaches very near to C. Berteriana, DC., from which,
however, it is distinguished by having tripli- not tri- nerved leaves,
which are besides obtuse, not acute, and a conical, not flattish,
receptacle.

3292. C. reticulata; caule suffruticoso erecto subsulcato pubes-
cente ramoso, foliis terno-verticillatis breve petiolatis obovato-
oblongis obtusis basi cuneatis triplinerviis margine revolutis
grosse serrato-dentatis supra scabris subtus ad nervos hirtellis,
capitulis pedicellatis terminalibus paucis plurifloris discoideis,
involueri eampanulati squamis exterioribus oblongis obtusis
foliaceis hispidis disco æquantibus, intimis oblongis obtusis
membranaceis ciliatis, paleis oblongis acutis ad apicem 3—5-den-
tatis, dentibus acutis lacerato-pilosis, achæniis angulatis pilo-
siusculis maculatis, pappi paleis linearibus acuminatis serrulatis.

Has. Dry upland Campos at the Mission of Duro, Province of
Goyaz. Oct. 1839.

Suffrutex bipedalis. Folia 4—44 poll. longa, 14-2 poll. lata,

FLORA OF BRAZIL. - 417

subtus reticulato-venosa, venis prominulis. Involucrum 5 lin.
longum. Receptaculum planiusculum. Corolle tubulosæ, 5-fidæ,
luteæ. Styli rami exappendiculati. Paleæ pappi 20, achænio
sesquiplo longiores.

Allied in some respects to C. fermifolia, H.B. K., but very
different.

Sect. CALEACTE.

4926. C. eupatorioides; caule suffruticoso erecto ramoso, ramis
6-angulatis piloso-pubescentibus, folis oppositis petiolatis
ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis basi subcordatis penniveniis serrato-
dentatis supra scabris subtus villoso-subtomentosis, capitulis
pedicellatis pauci-radiatis ad apices ramulorum umbellatis, invo-
lucri squamis exterioribus ovatis obtusis extus pilosiusculis
ciliatis, intimis oblongis obtusissimis ciliatis, paleis ovato-lan-
ceolatis acuminatis laceratis, achzniis teretibus glabris minute
resinoso-glanduloso-punctatis, pappi paleis anguste linearibus
acuminatis serrulatis.

Has. Bushy places near Morro Velho, Province of Minas
Geraés. Sept. 1840.

Suffrutex 6-pedalis. Folia 4 poll. longa, 15-18 lin. lata. In-
volucrum 5 lin. longum. Receptaculum conicum. Corolle
flavæ, radii ligulate, paucæ, anguste, oblonge, obtuse, subintegræ,
disci tubulose, profunde 5-fidæ, styli rami exappendiculati.
Paleæ pappi 20, achænio paulo longiores.

This will range along with C. pinnatifida, Less.

3859. C. angustifolia ; caule simplici erecto tereti striato pilosi-
usculo basi folioso superne longe aphyllo, foliis ternato-verticil-
latis sessilibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis trinerviis
distanter subdentatis utrinque pilosiusculis, capitulo terminali
solitario radiato, involucri campanulati squamis exterioribus
ovato-lanceolatis acutis striatis glabris, intimis ovalibus obtusis
striatis glabris, paleis anguste linearibus acuminatis serru-
latis.

Has. Dry upland Campos near the Villa de Arrayas, Province
of Goyaz. April, 1840.

418 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A

Herba perennis. Radix lignosa. Caules plures, sesquipedales.
Folia 23-5 poll. longa, 3 lin. lata, reticulata, venis utrinque pro-
minulis. Involucrum 6 lin. longum. Receptaculum planum.
Corolle flavæ, radii ligulate, ligulis 10 circiter late oblongis
obtusis 3-dentatis, disci tubulose, 5-fide. Styli rami exappendi-
culati. Pappi paleæ 20, achzenio paulo longiores.

Near C. uniflora, Less.

3289. C. longifolia ; caule simplici erecto tereti striato hirsuto
basi folioso superne longe aphyllo, foliis oppositis sessilibus
longe lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis trinerviis supra medium
dentatis utrinque villosis, capitulo solitario terminali radiato,
involucri campanulati squamis exterioribus ovatis obtusis striatis
glabris, intimis oblongis obtusissimis glabris, paleis anguste
linearibus acuminatis, acheniis angulatis hispidis, pappi paleis
anguste lineari-lanceolatis ciliatis.

Has. Dry Campos near Natividade, Province of Goyaz. Dec.
1839.

Herba perennis. Radix lignosa. Caules plures, sesquipedales.
Folia 4-+ poll. longa, 74 lin. lata, reticulata, venis utrinque pro-
minulis. Receptaculum planum. Corolle flavæ, radii ligulate,
ligulis lineari-oblongis 4-dentatis, disci tubulosæ, 5-fidæ. Styli
rami exappendiculati. Pappi paleæ 20, achænio paulo longiores.

This, it must be confessed, comes very near the last species,
agreeing with it in habit, but differing in its opposite, not verti-
cillate, leaves, which, besides, though very little longer, are nearly
three times broader, and coarsely dentate. The achænia and
pappus are also slightly different.

Sect. LEONTOPHTHALMUM.

4926 (bis.) C. tomentosa ; caule simplici erecto tereti striato vil-
loso basi folioso longe superne aphyllo, foliis oppositis sessi-
libus ovalibus obtusis basi euneatis trinerviis grosse crenato-
dentatis utrinque cinereo-hirtello-tomentosis, capitulo solitario
terminali radiato, involucri campanulati squamis exterioribus
late ovatis obtusis foliaceis hirtello-tomentosis, intimis oblongis
obtusis membranaceis glabris, paleis anguste linearibus acumi-

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 419

natissimis, achreniis angulatis pilosiusculis, pappi paleis anguste

lanceolato-linearibus serrulatis. ;

Has. Serra de Curral del Rey, Province of Minas Gerües. Sept.

1840.

Caules plures ex eadem radice, subpedales. Folia 2 poll. longa,
103-12 lin. lata. Receptaculum planum. Corolle flavæ radii
ligulate, ligulis oblongis obscure dentatis, disci tubulosæ, 5-den-
tat». Styli rami exappendieulati. Pappi paleæ 18 circiter,
achænio duplo longiores.

Allied to C. oZigocephala, DC., from which it seems to be dis-
tinguished by its unbranched stem, tomentose leaves, and angular,
not trigonous, achænia.

ACHYROCLINE, DC.

4935. A. rugosa ; caule suffruticoso cinereo-lanuginoso paniculato-
corymboso, foliis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis basi
rotundatis triplinerviis, supra rugosis glabris subtus dense
cinereo-araneosis, capitulis ad apices ramorum et ramulorum
fasciculato-corymbosis 5-floris, involucri squamis albidis nitidis
ovali-oblongis obtusis.

Has. Dry Campos on the ascent of the Serra da Piedade, Pro-
vince of Minas Gerües. Sept. 1840.

Suffrutex bipedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata.
Capitula oblonga, 13 lin. longa.

Near A. flaccida, DC., from all the varieties of which it is dis-
tinguished by its very broad rugose leaves, rounded, not atten-
uated, at the base, and the silvery-white involucre, which is
shorter and not so slender as that of the other. I possess a spe-
cimen of exactly the same species from Claussen’ s Minas Gerües
Collections.

ERECHTITES, Rafin.

3868 et 5527. E. (Neoceis) sulcata; caule herbaceo erecto ramoso
sulcato pilosiusculo, foliis sessilibus amplexicaulibus elongatis
oblongo-lanceolatis acutis grosse argute et meequaliter inciso-
dentatis aut profunde pinnatifidis utrinque sparse pilosiusculis,
VOL. VII. 3c

420 CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS

dentibus calloso-mucronatis, corymbo terminali 3-5-cephalo,

involucro late cylindrico bracteolis lineari-subulatis pilosis caly-

culato.

Has. Near Villa de Arrayas, Province of Goyaz (3868), and on
the ascent of the Corcovado, near Rio de Janeiro (5527).
Herba annua, 2-3-pedalis, Folia caulina 5-8 poll. longa, radi-

calia majora, subtus pallida. Involucrum 6 lin. longum,

squamis linearibus acuminatis pilosiusculis margine scabridis.

Capitulum multiflorum, floribus marginalibus multiserialibus

fcemineis tenuissimis 5-dentatis, centralibus hermaphroditis 5-den-

tatis. Receptaculum planum, nudum, minute subpapillosum.

Styli rami cono superati. Acheenia oblonga, 10-costata, inter

costas pilosa. Pappus albidus.

l have been unable to refer this plant, which seems, indeed,
a very variable one, to any described species. It appears to
come nearest the E. carduifolia, DO. In n. 3868 the leaves are
coarsely and irregularly inciso-dentate, while in the other number
they are deeply pinnatifid: in all other respects they are not
different.

5790. E. (Neoceis) Organensis; caule herbaceo erecto sulcato
ramoso pilosiusculo, foliis pinnatisectis, lobis utrinque 3-5
Imearibus aut rariter subdentatis supra glabris subtus pilostus-
culis, capitulis erectis in paniculam corymbosam laxam dispo-
sitis, involucri cylindrici squamis linearibus acutis flores sub-
æquantibus.

Has. Open places on the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of
about 3000 feet. March, 1841.

Herba annua bipedalis. Folia subcoriacea. Involucrum 44 lin.
longum. Achzenia oblonga, 10-costata, inter costas hispida.
Pappus roseo-hlacinus.

Near E. valerianafolia, DC., from which it is distinguished by
its hairy stem, more coriaceous leaves, having much narrower,
scarcely denticulate, segments, and considerably smaller capitula.
The achenia of E. valerianefolia are longer, and villous rather
than hispid, which they are in the present plant.

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 421

SENECIO, Less.

4938. S. friroides; fruticosus glaberrimus, caule erecto angulato
ad apicem paniculato-ramoso folioso, foliis alternis petiolatis
lineari-oblongis vel ovato-ellipticis utrinque acutiusculis apice
calloso-mucronatis integerrimis reticulato-venosis, venis utrinque
prominulis, corymbo «composito polycephalo, capitulis erectis
discoideis 5-floris, involucro oblongo 5-phyllo calyculato,
achzeniis hispido-villosis, pappo corollam subæquante.

Has. In Campos Cobertas near Formigas, Sertao of the Province
of Minas Gerües. July, 1840.

Frutex 4—6-pedalis. Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 44-12 lin. lata.
Pedicelli breves, bracteati, bracteolis lineari-subulatis. Involueri
squamee disco multo breviores, obtuse, margine scariosæ, ad
apicem ciliolatæ 3—34 lin. longæ. Flosculi lutei. Pappus sordide
albidus.

Of the two specimens of my own collecting which I possess,
one has the leaves oblong-linear, and somewhat curved towards
the base, while in the other, which is not otherwise distinct, they
are elliptical-ovate. They are connected, however, by a specimen
from Claussen’s collection, the leaves of which are of an interme-
diate shape.

4937. S. imbricatus; fruticosus glaberrimus, caule erecto ramoso,
ramis teretibus striatis dense foliosis, foliis alternis subsessilibus
imbricatis lanceolato- vel elliptico- oblongis utrinque acutius-
culis obscure triplinerviis integerrimis coriaceis, corymbo com-
posito compacto polycephalo, capitulis erectis discoideis 5-floris,
involucro oblongo 5-phyllo calyculato, achzeniis villosis, pappo
corollam subæquante.

' Has. In open rocky places in the Diamond District. July, 1840.

Frutex 3-pedalis. Folia 12-15 lin. longa 41-5 lin. lata,
obscure reticulata. Pedicelli 3-5 lin. longi, bracteolati, bracteolis
lineari-subulatis. Involucri squamæ disco subæquantes, lineares,
acuminate, margine scariosæ, apice pilosiuscule, 6 lin. longæ.
Flosculi lutei. Pappus sordide albidus.

3300. S. Goyazensis; suffruticosus glaberrimus, caule erecto

3c2 :

429, CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS

ramoso, ramis subangulatis elongatis foliosis, foliis alternis ses-
silibus lanceolatis subacuminatis basi longe attenuatis margine
revolutis calloso-serratis penniveniis, corymbo paniculato laxo
polycephalo, capitulis erectis discoideis 45-floris, involucro
12-phyllo calyculato, acheniis striatis glabris, pappo corollam
æquante.

Has. Bushy places near Villa de Natividade, Province of Goyaz.
Jan., 1840.

Suffrutex 3-5-pedalis. Folia 3 poll. longa, 9 lin. lata. Pedi-
celli 4-8 lin. longi, apicem versus bracteolati, bracteolis lineari-
subulatis. Involucri squamæ disco paulo breviores, lineares,
acute, margine scariosæ, 41 lin. longæ. Flosculi lutei. Pappus
albidus.

4939. S. grandis ; suffruticosus, caule erecto ramoso, ramis angu-
latis subarachnoideis, folis alternis petiolatis magnis ovato-
oblongis acutis basi cordatis penniveniis margine acute denti-
eulatis supra glabriusculis subtus cinereo- araneoso-tomentosis,
petiolis alatis, panieula magna puberula, capitulis pedicellatis
erectis discoideis 14-floris, involucro S-phyllo calyeulato,
acheniis acute 5-angulatis glaberrimis, pappo corollam sub-
æquante. ;

Has. Woods near Conceigao, Province of Minas Gerües. Aug.

..1840.

Suffrutex. 6—10-pedalis. Folia sesquipedalia, 5-6 poll. lata,
membranacea: petioli 5 lin. longi. Panicula sesquipedalia. Pedi-
celli 3—4 lin. longi, bracteolati, bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis acu-
minatis. Involueri squamæ disco breviores, lineares, acute, 4—6-
nervosæ, margine scariosw, apice pilose. Flosculi lutei. Pappus

. albidus.

This is very distinct from any of the other Brazilian species,
and remarkable for the great size of its leaves and panicles. The
achænia are so acutely angled as to be almost five-winged, and
alternating with them there are five much smaller ones.

4940. S. dumetorum; herbaceus, caule erecto simplici suleato
cinereo- araneoso- tomentoso basi folioso, versus apicem longe
subaphyllo, foliis alternis sessilibus, basi longe decurrentibus

A FLORA OF BRAZIL. 423

oblongis obtusis grosse dentatis aut sinuato-denticulatis utrinque

dense cinereo- arachnoideo-tomentosis, supremis gradatim mi-

noribus, panicula polycephala glabra, capitulis erectis radiatis

50—55-floris, involucro campanulato 12-13-phyllo calyculato,
acheeniis hispidulis, pappo corollam æquante.

Has. Elevated rocky places on a mountain range to the north of
the Diamond district. July, 1840.

Herba perennis, 4—8-pedalis. Folia 3-6 poll. longa, 1-24 poll.
lata. Pedicelli 3-6 lin. longi bracteolati, bracteolis parvis setaceis.
Involucri squamæ lanceolato-oblongæ, acute, margine late scariosze
ciliolate. ^ Flosculi lutei, radii 8, ngulati. Pappus sordide
albidus.

4941. S. camporum; herbaceus, ane crasso erecto simplici
sulcato araneoso folioso, foliis alternis sessilibus basi auriculatis
lineari-oblongis elongatis apice obtusis mucronatis grosse sin-
uato-dentatis fere pinnatifidis, dentibus latis mucronatis, supra
glabriusculis subtus lanuginoso-tomentosis cinereis, corymbo
composito polycephalo, capitulis pedicellatis confertis erectis
radiatis 9—10-floris, ligulis 1-2, involucro 8-phyllo calyculato,
achzeniis glabris, pappo corollam æquante.

Has. Upland Campos on an elevated mountain range to the north
of the Diamond District. July, 1840.

Herba perennis, bipedalis. Folia 6 poll. longa, 13 poll. lata.
Pedicelli 3 lin. longi, tomentosi, bracteolati, bracteolis linearibus ©
obtusis. Involueri squamæ disco multo breviores, lineari-
oblonge, acutiuscule, glabriuscule, margine scariosæ, apice
pilosiusculæ, 3 lin. longæ. — Flosculilutei. Pappus albidus.

This seems to come near S. adamantinus, Bong., to the original -
description and figure of which I regret that I have not access,
and I should not be surprised if it proves to be the same. In
my specimen, however, the leaves are certainly not glandular on
the upper surface, nor are the capitula racemose, but they form a
very large compound corymb.

The following is a list of those species of Composite, belonging
to the sub-tribe Senecionidee in my Brazilian Collections, which
have already been described :—

424

6050
3273

3277

793, 3845, 6052

1051 :
869, 1345, 3842

3297

2902

524
6056
5526
4921
3857
4932
6054
879, 1050 -
605

1969, 1970, 1911, 6055

1348
501, 3851

878, 1742, 2222, 4956.

508 :
2235, 3298, 5520
2224

3299

4252

1746

1743, 2023, 2423
505, 1975

3867

4260

4258, 4920
4931

5524

4934

4261, 4933

513, 4262, 5789

A FLORA OF BRAZIL.

Elvira biflora, DC.
Ichthothere latifolia, Gardn. Latreillea lati-
Jolia, Benth.
Clibadium rotundifolium, DC.
Scolospermum Fougerauviæ, DC.
Melampodium divaricatum, DC.
Acanthospermum hispidum, DC.
hirsutum, DC.
zanthoides, var. a. obtusi-
folium, DC.
Xanthium macrocarpum, DC.
Ambrosia microcephala, DC.
artemesiæfolia, Linn.
polystachya, DC.
Wedelia Vauthieri, DC.,
scandens, Gardn.
radiosa, Ker.
paludosa, B. vialis, DC.
Ogieria triplinervis, var. y. Portoricensis, DC.
Wulfia stenoglossa, DC.
platyglossa, DC.
Bidens leucantha, Willd.
bipinnata, Linn.
Verbesina helianthoides; H. B. K.
Spilanthes Lundii, DC.
oleracea, B. fusca, DC.
urens, Jacq.
B. hispidula, DC.
—— — ewasperata, Jacq.
Chrysanthellum Swartzii, Cass.
Tagetes glandulifera, Schr.
Porophyllum ellipticum, Cass.
prenanthoides, DC.
—— lineare, DC.
Meyeria myrtifolia, DC.
Calea pinnatifida, Less.
Achyrocline saturejoides, DC.
vauthieriana, DC.

————— flaccida, DC.

———

———

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 495

49396 . . . . . . Gnaphalium Gaudichaudianum, DC.
6818. . . . ee spicatum, var. B.interrupta, DC.
1747. :: eee Americanum, Mill.

5528 . . . . . . Erechtites valerianefolia, DC.

1055, 6057 . . . . Emilia souchifolia, DC.

4942 . . . . . . Senecio Brasiliensis, Less.

504 ellipticus, DC.

Kandy, Ceylon,
6th Oct., 1847.

Prodromus Monographie Ficuum; seripsit F. A. G. Mravzr,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis.
(Continued from page 236.)

62. Ficus Toka Forsk. Arab. p. 219, foliis distichis sca-
bris ovato-lanceolatis. Arabia.

63. Ficus aspera Forst. Pl. escul. Aust. p. 31. Thunb.
diss. n. 4. Ramulis petiolis foliisque junioribus subtus pubes-
centibus sensim scabrescentibus et glabrioribus, his breviter
petiolatis membranaceis supra asperulis oblongis acutis vel sub-
acuminatis basi obtusis vel leviter excisis inzequalibus, junioribus
versus apicem presertim extrorsum denticulatis sensim integerri-
mis, trinerviis eostulisque utrinque 4-5, receptaculis axillaribus
solitariis (an semper?) pedunculatis globoso-urceolatis tomentoso-
pubescentibus basi pedunculoque sparse bracteatis, apice bracteis
linearibus erectis numerosis connatis.

Has. insula Zanna (Forst.), in sylvis umbrosis ad f. Brisbane,
15-25 pedum alta, (Cunningh.!), in parte austr. Colonia (an Nov.
Holl. ?—Hb. Hook.) :

Folia rigida, subtus pallida, «tate subscrobiculata, 8-16 cent.
longa, 3-6 lata. Pedunculi petiolum æquantes vel superantes.

Forma pube molliore, receptaculis rubiginoso-villosis— Picus
Muntia Link Enum. II. p. 450. (Cf. Kth. in Ind. Sem. Hort.
berol. 1846. p. 21.)

Hb. in Nova Holl.; Maitland N. S. W. (Backhouse! in Hb.
Hook.)

426 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

64. Ficus orbicularis (? Cunningh.) MSS in Hb. Hook. Ra-
mis leviusculis, ramulis petiolisque pilis parcissimis verruculisque
asperiusculis, foliis ovato-rotundatis, apice rarius acutiusculjs, basi
subtruncatis, marginibus repandulis brevi-setuloso-aculeolatis, tri-
nerviis et parce venulosis, supra verruculis vitreis asperis, subtus
glabriusculis glaucis, sub lente tenere reticulatis, stipulis lineari-
lanceolatis glabriusculis, receptaculis axillaribus breviter peduncu-
latis depresso-globosis asperulis.

Has. in littore boreali-occidentali (Nove Hollandie ?) in ru-
pestribus sterilibus, frutex 4—pedalis (Hb. Hook. !)

Petioli antice lato-excavati 1-1 cent., folia 34-5 cent. longa,
24-3} lata. Receptacula piso paulo majora, basi tribracteata.

65. Ficus indecora n. sp. Ramulis petiolis pedunculis scabri-
uscule puberulis, foliis alternis ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis apice ob-
tusiusculis vel acutis, basi truncatis vel subprotractis repando-sub-
denticulatis trinerviis costulisque venosis utrinque circiter 3, supra
verruculoso-asperulis, subtus glabris pallidis leviusculis, recepta-
culis breviter pedunculatis subturbinato-globosis asperulis basi 3-
bracteatis.

Has. ad Cascening-bay (Cum.! in Hb. Hook.)

Precedenti proxima. Petioli 2-5 mm., folia 24-44 cent. longa,
2-25 lata. Receptacula pisi magnitudinis.

66. Ficus aculeata (Cunningh.?) MSS. im Hb. Hook. Ramis
glabris, ramulis petiolis pedunculis molliter hirtellis, foliis alternis
lato- vel ovato-ellipticis rotundato-obtusis, basi emarginatis, acu-
leolato-dentatis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter 6-costulatis, supra
verrucis centro vitreis pilisque rigidis diaphanis asperrimis sub-
aculeolatis, subtus pallide glaucis puberulis, receptaculis axillari-
bus pedunculatis solitariis ovatis scabris ore prominulo bracteis gla-
bris membranaceis pluribus, basi bracteis 3.

Has. In Ora boreali (Nove Holl.?) Hb. Hook.!

Petioli 4-1 cent., folia 7-9 longa, 44-6 lata rigide coriacea.
Stipule caducæ laniculatæ puberule. Receptacula piso minora
puberula et hispidula, pedunculi petiolo duplo breviores. Pili foli-
orum rigidissimi e verruca crenulata vitrea,

67. Ficus opposita, n. sp. Ramis glabris, petiolorum cicatri-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 427

cibus tuberculatis, ramulis petiolisque hirtello-pubescentibus, fo-
his oppositis ovatis obtusiusculis æquilateris, basi leviter cordatis
vel concavatis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter tri-costulatis, integer-
rimis, supra asperrimis in nervis puberulis, subtus luteo-tomentoso-
pubescentibus, rigide coriaceis; receptaculis axillaribus geminis,
breviter pedunculatis, subturbinato-globosis, puberulis et aspero-
punctatis, basi in stipitem brevem constrictis, bracteisque 3, ore
prominulo, bracteis parvis obtusis ciliolatis, cæterum glabris.

Has. in Nova Hollandia, ad Bremer River (a. 1829, Fraser,
n. 101! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 1, folia 6—8 cent. longa, 44-5} lata. Pedunculi 3 mm.
longi. Receptacula 11. cent. in diam.

68. Ficus pisifera, Wall. Inst. n. 4504. (Ficus asperifolia,
Hook. Herb.) Foliis alternis brevissime petiolatis inæquilateri-
subovato-oblongis, latere interiore versus basin multo angustato,
acuminatis, apicem versus presertim, extrorsum grosse et inæqua-
liter serrato-dentatis, cceterum repandis, basin versus integerrimis,
trinerviis et utrinque 3—4-costulatis, subtusque (lutescenti-) reticu-
latis, utrinque pilis rarissimis, in nervo medio supra versus basin
paulo crebrioribus punctulisque asperrimis ; receptaculis lateralibus
confertis ad rami partem inferiorem aphyllam breviter peduncu-
latis sublz vibus punctulatis, ore hiante, bracteis verrucæformibus,
_ basi stipitatis bracteisque tribus.

Has. Prince of Wales island. (Hb. Hook.!) ——? (Wall.!)

Petioli 2-3 mm. longi, hispiduli; folia 14-17 cent. longa, 6-7
lata.

Rectius forsan ad Subsect. C.

69. Ficus purpurascens, Desfont. Catal. H. Par. ed. 3. p. 412.
(? Blum. Bydr. IX. p. 471.) *Ramulis teretibus rectis, petiolis
gemmisque terminalibus conico-subulatis, foliisque utrinque seca-
briusculis; his breviuscule petiolatis, late elliptico-oblongis acumi-
natis, basi obtusis, trinerviis, obtuse dentatis, nervis primariis re-
motis, costamque subtus convexo-prominentibus, rigidulo-mem-
branaceis, epunctatis, pellucido-reticulatis, supra opacis viridibus,
subtus purpurascentibus; receptaculis axillaribus, solitariis, pedun-

VOL. VII. 3D

428 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

culatis, subrotundo-ellipticis, obtusis, scabriusculis.” Kth. L
e. ps ZL.

Has. In Java? Colit. in H. Amstelod.

* Folia, 33-83 pollicaria, 2-24 lata. Petioli 5-1 lim. longi.
Receptacula magn. grani piperis, viridia.

Species dubia.

70. Ficus Symphytifolia, Lam. Encycl. IT. p. 498. Vahl Enum.
IT. p. 198, excl. syn. Rheede (tab. 62 legendum).

Has. In Java.

71. Ficus ampelos, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 226. excl. syn. Rheeder,
plantam Rumphianam tantum spectat (Herb. Amb. IV. tab. 63),
et speciem ab Indicis (F. asperrima, F. heterophylla, F. parasitica)
quibuscum sepe male consociata, diversam sistit.

b. euspidate. Folia oblonga, abrupte longe acuminata, inte-
gerrima vel infra acumen grosse dentata vel serrata, aut sinu unila-
terali excisa, scabra vel glabriuscula. Receptacula in stipitem
constricta, sæpe basi nuda, hinc rectius sessilia dicenda.

19. Ficus cerasiformis, Desfont. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3. p.
413. (F. acuminata, Bot. Magaz. haud Hamilt. nec Roxb.) Ra-
mulis, petiolis, receptaculis, foliisque subtus molliter pubescenti-
bus, his inæquilateri-oblongis, longe abrupte acuteque acuminatis,
supra glabris nitidis, integerrimis, subtus 3—5-nerviis, utrinque
2—3-costatis, costulis reticulatis subtus convexo-prominentibus, |
petiolis pubescentibus, receptaculis axillaribus, vulgo solitariis glo-
bosis, in stipitem longum basi bracteatum constrictis, hispidulo-
pubescentibus, maturis aurantiacis.

Has. In Ind. orient. (teste Hook.) In hortis culta. :

Petioli breves. Folia 11-21 cent. longa. Receptacula cerasi
magnitudine.

7 73. Ficus radicans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. XII. Wight Icon. (E. acu-
‘minata, Herb. Hamilt. et Wall. List, n. 4478 Kunth, l c.
p. 21. F. euryæfolia, Hort. Berol. olim teste Kth. in Ind. Sem.
Hort. Berol. 1846, p. 21. F. caryophylla, Hort. Leydensis.)
Ramulis petiolisque subsquamuloso-scabris, foliis coriaceo-membra-
naceis rigidiusculis oblongis, vulgo angusto-oblongis vel minori-
bus, ellipticis, abrupte longe lineariter acute vel obtuse acuminatis,

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 429

basi vulgo acutis rarius obtusis, integerrimis, supra nitidis lævi-
bus, subtus 3-nerviis et utrinque 4-5-costulatis, crebro prominen-
ter pallide reticulatis, inter reticulationes punctulatis, glabris; re-
ceptaculis axillaribus geminis et solitariis, obovato-globosis, in sti-
pitem longum basi 3-bracteatum constrictis, pubero-hispidulis.

Has. In Ind. orient. variis locis; communis ut videtur species,
ex Roxb. descriptione ægre recognoscenda, sed ex icone ejus exi-
mia quam maxime certa.—Assam (Hb. Hook.!); Gwalpam, Silhet
(Ham.!); Ins. Philippine, forma recept. maturis glabris alioquin
non diversa (Cuming, n. 1942!)

Folia 9-15 cent. longa. -

74. Ficus urophylla, Wall. List, n, 4483. Ramulis petiolis-
que subsquamulosis, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis, ellipticis vel
obovato-ellipticis, abrupte suboblique longe argute obtusiuscule
acuminatis basi acutis, integerrimis, supra levissimis nitidis, sub-
tus (in sicco fuscescentibus) trinerviis paucicostulatis reticulatis,
utrinque glabris; receptaculis axillaribus geminis vel deorsum later-
aliter subfasciculatis globosis vel ellipsoideis in stipitem longiuscu-
lum constrictis et 3-bracteatis cum stipite hispidulo-pubescentibus.

Has. Penang (Wall. n. cit.!), Prince of Wales Isl. (Dr.
Hunter! in Hb. Hook. “F. marginalis”). A precedenti, cui
arcte affinis, foliorum forma distinctissima. Folia 7-10 cent.
longa. Receptacula pisi magn., stipite breviora.

75. Ficus rostrata, Lam. Encycl. IL. p. 498, Vahl Enum. IT.
p. 200, descr. optima.

Has. Javam (Commers., Spanoghe! Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Receptacula brevissime stipitata.

76. Ficus cuspidata, Blume Bydrag. Nederl. Indie. Folus
elliptico-lanceolatis longissime acuminatis, acumine + folia longi-
ore recto vel leviter curvato lineari obtuso, integerrimis vel versus
apicem repandis, aut infra acumen utrinque unidentatis, basi acutis
æquilateris, supra nitidis, subtus patule costulatis tenuiter reticu-
latis fuscescentibus punctulatis subasperulis ; receptaculis axillari-
bus vel ad axillas veteres subfasciculatis globosis ore perviis basi
in stipitem brevem basi bracteatum constrictis.

302

430 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLE FICUUM.

Has. Javam (Blume; Lobb! in Hb. Hook.).

Petioli 1, folia 8-12 cent. longa, 2-24 fere 3 lata. Recepta-
cula nune seminis coriandri magni, glabra, leviuscula.

TT. Ficus raridens, n. sp. Ramis levigatis, ramulis petiolis re-
ceptaculis foliisque subtus asperulo-punctulatis, his supra lævissi-
mis nitidis breviter petiolatis oblongis abrupte acuminatis, acu-
mine lineari obtuso, basi acutis, integerrimis vel infra apicem in-
æquilateris vel unidentatis, quandoque lateraliter sinuatis; recepta-
culis axillaribus geminis vel solitariis globoso-urceolatis ore brevi-
tubuloso crenulato hiante, basi in stipitem uni- vel ad basin pauci-
bracteatum constrictis,

Has. Sumatram (Hb. Hook.!)

Petioli 1—fere 1 cent., folia 12-17 cent. one 4—5 lata, sub-
tus pollide à venulis patulis 6-8 utrinque ante marginem confluen-
tibus.

78. Ficus trachycarpa, n. sp. Ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus
asperulis et pilis teneris scabriusculis fugacibus inspersis mox gla-
bris, foliis modice petiolatis oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis in-
æquilateris, abrupte lineari-acuminatis, basi subæquali acutis, præ-
sertim versus apicem repando-dentatis, trinerviis et utrinque 4—5-
costulatis, supra leviusculis; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis bre-
viter pedunculatis ovatis, scrobiculato-verrucosis basi constrictis
tribracteatis.

Has. In India boreali, Bheem val. Apr. 1844. (Dr. Thomson
in Hb. Hook.!)

Petioli +, vix 1, folia 10-14 cent. longa, 4-41 lata. Recep-
tacula 13 longa, ore bracteis imbricatis occlusa.

Var. paucidentata, foliis quibusdam repandis vel akris,
recept. junioribus lævibus. Assam (Hb. Hook!)

19. Ficus pulchra, Wall. List, n. 4571. Glabra; foliis oppo-
sitis (an semper?), modice petiolatis, oblongis vel lanceolato-ob-
longis, æquilateris, abrupte anguste acuminatis, basi acutis, apicem
versus remote dentatis, supra lævibus glabris, subtus (in sicco)
fuscescentibus, nervo medio costisque utrinque 6-8, venulisque
reticulatis, receptaculis ......

Has. Singapur (Wall.!)

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 431

"Petioli semiteretes 13-21, folia 15-20 cent. longa, 5-6} su-
pra medium longa.

80. Ficus clavata, Wall. n. 4495. Glabra; foliis breviter pe-
tiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, abrupte longe anguste acuminatis,
integris vel subrepandis, quibusdam infra acumen uni- vel bi-den-
tatis, rigido-membranaceis, trinerviis et utrinque 4-costulatis, haud
reticulatis; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis
obovatis, basi stipitatim constrictis, tribracteatis, ore bracteis erec-
tis ellipticis obtusis puberulis ......

Has. In Nepalia (Wall.!)

Similis omnino et verisimiliter conspecifica lecta est a cl. Griffith
in Khasiga, foliis infra apicem sepe dente acuto, et receptaculis
solitariis et geminis globosis, itaque a specie diversis, sed proba-
biliter ætatis causa. Folia 7-12 cent. longa, 13-2 lata.

81. Ficus acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. TIL. p. 538, nimis brevi-
ter descripta, precedenti certo quidem affinis.

82. Ficus salicifolia, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, pedunculis asperu-
lo-puberulis; foliis breviter petiolatis, lanceolatis vel oblongo-lance-.
olatis, acuminatis, acumine anguste lineari summo apice aliquid dila-
tato, basi acutis, integerrimis vel repandulis, utrinque glabris, triner-
viis et utrinque 5—6-costiveniis; receptaculis axillaribus geminis sub-
globosis in stipitem basi vulgo tribracteatum apice unibracteatum
constrictis, ipsis apice pluribus bracteis, lateraliter paucis instructis.

Has. Assam (Hb. Hook.!)

Rami teretes, leves. Petioli 2-5 mm. Folha 7-12 cent. longa.
Stipulæ lineari-lanceolate, membranaceæ, filiformi-attenuate. Ke-
ceptacula nunc semine coriandris minora.

83. Ficus caudata, Wall. List, n. 4494. Glabra; foliis alter-
nis brevissime petiolatis, elongato-sublineari-lanceolatis, longissime
angusteque acuminatis, infra acumen utrinque 2—3-dentatis, cœte-
rum integerrimis, rigide membranaceis, tactu quidpiam asperulis;
receptaculis axillaribus solitariis?

Has. montes Sithet (Wall.!)

Folia trinervia, nervulis lateralibus venulas conjungentibus, 10—
12 cent. longa, 14 lata.

84. Ficus uniglandulosa, Wall. List, n. 4479. Glabra; foliis

^

432 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM.

breviuscule petiolatis cuneato-obovato-oblongis, abrupte lineariter
obtusiusculo acuminatis, integerrimis, supra levibus, subtus palli-
dis, costulis utrinque 4 patule adscendentibus, parce reticulatis;
receptaculis ad axillas defoliatas vel axillaribus solitariis, geminis
vel glomeratis parvis globosis in stipitem tenuem constrictis, ore
fere nudis.

Has. Penang (Wall.!)

Petioli 5—10 mm. Folia 10-16 cent. longa, 4-54 lata.

85. Ficus grandifolia, Wall. List, n. 4525. Ramulis, petiolis,
foliisque scabriuscule pubescentibus; foliis breviter petiolatis ob-
longis æquilateris vel inæquilateris, apice obtuso-rotundatis (?),
basin versus paulisper attenuatis, integerrimis, ad 4 fere altit.
trinerviis, costisque utrinque 3—4 adscendentibus transverse reti-
culatis, supra levissimis nitidis adultis glaberrimis, subtus fusces-
centi-pallidis, costis venulisque convexo-prominentibus . . :...

Has. Penang (Wall.!)

Sp. imperfectum; species spectabilis, habitu ad F. radicantem
accedens. Petioli 1-14, folia 27-38 cent. longa, 9-14 lata, .
coriacea.

Species in Sect. dubia.

86. Ficus tenuiramis, Kunth et Bouché, in Ind, Sem. H. Berol.
1846, p. 91. (F. cuspidata, Desfont. Cat. ed. 3. p. 413, nec
Blume). “Ramulis gracilibus subflexuosis teretibus, scabriuscu-
lis; folis breviter petiolatis, lanceolatis, acuminato-cuspidatis,
basi oblique acutis, trinerviis, integerrimis, nervis primariis remo-
tis, patentissimis, subtus vix prominulis, costa supra prominula,
subtus prominente, membranaceis, epunctatis, glabris, supra opacis,
subtus pallidioribus; gemmis terminalibus subulatis, recep-
taculis: ..:..

“Has. ? verisim. in Jnd. or.

“Folia 4-43 poll., 11-12 lin. lata. Petioli 2 lin. longi."

87. Ficus reticulata, Thunb. Fie. p. 12. Val Enum. IL.
p. 199.

Has. In India orientali.

F. radicanti affinis videtur; et nisi omnes partes glabras dix-
isset Thunb., ad eam retulissem.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 433

e. pallide. Folia oblonga integerrima, inæquilatera, costive-
nia, integra, in quibusdam dente uno alterove grossiusculo, scabra,
puberula vel sæpe levia et glabra. ÆReceptacula in stipitem nudum
ima basi tantum bracteatum, constricta, globosa, vel subturbinato-
globosa, scabriuscula vel levissima. Phylla perigonii hyalina
ciliolata.

88. Ficus parasitica, Kenig MSS.; Willd. Dissert. Fic. p. 25,
tab. 3; Vahi Enum. ll. p. 188; Wallich List. 4476. F. am-
pelos, Kenig Serins MSS. (Hb. Russell.); Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p.
553; Wight Icon. IL. tab. 652.—(? F. excelsa, Vahl Enum. II.
p. 195, haud Roxb. Fl. Ind.; Vahlii sp. a Konig missum, itaque
etiam ex peninsula Indie, dum pl. Roxb. est Moluccensis.)—
Rheede H. Malab. tom. III, tab. 56 et 58 que formam grandio-
rem refert. (F. ampelos, Lam. Encycl. Teregam, Rheede III, tab.
60 ab hac diversa.)

Foliis alternis modice petiolatis, oblongis, ovato-vel obovato-
oblongis inequilateris integerrimis acutiusculis vel breviter obtuso-
apiculatis basi plerumque lata vulgo aliquid protracta subtrinerviis
costulisque utrinque paucis patulis ante margines reticulato-con-
fluentibus utrinque glabriusculis et presertim. subtus asperulis;
receptaculis axillaribus geminis globosis in stipitem basi tribracte-
atum constrictis. |

Has. in regionibus montanis, Assam, &c. (Hb. Hook.!
Wight!)

Species admodum variabilis, mox foliis minoribus magis æqui-
lateris, mox majoribus valde inæquilateris, nunc glabris et lævius-
culis, nunc subtus scabro-hirtellis, asperioribus insignis; ita ut
arbitror intuenti plures species distinctas differre videretur.

Omissis aliis nunc indicare sufficiat formam peculiarem denta-
tam, folis alis integerrimis, alis angulato-sinuato-dentatis.
(Wight! in Hb. Arnott.)—N um ad hane F. rhomboidalis, Vahl
Enum. IL. p. 199, ex Zzdia or. a Ruttler missa?

89. Ficus pervia, n. sp. Ramis levigatis cinerascentibus; ra-
mulis junioribus et petiolis fuscescentibus punctato-asperulis, his
modice petiolatis, alternis, subcuneato-oblongis vel anguste ellipti-
cis, æquilateris vel mæquilateris, obtusiuscule acuminatis vel api-

434 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

culatis, integerrimis trinerviis, et utrinque 4—5-costulatis, utrinque
glabris et levibus, subtus subasperulis (in sicco lutescentibus);
receptaculis axillaribus geminis, globosis, longe stipitatis, asperis,
oris margine circulari mox subdeciduo, hiantibus; stipite basi
bracteis 3 involucrato.

. Has. Assam (Hb. Hook.!)

Foliorum forma a F. parasitica et affinibus distinguitur. Pe-
tioli À cent. fere æquantes. Folia 7-10 cent. longa, 3—4 lata;
nervo, costis, venulisque parcis subtus prominentibus. Recepta-
cula pisi magnitudinis. Perigonia hyalina

90. Ficus angustata, n. sp. Glabra, sublævis; ramulis, peti-
olis, foliisque sub-asperulis, his breviter petiolatis, coriaceis
oblongo-lanceolatis, plerumque inæquilateris obtusiuscule acumi-
natis vel apiculatis, basi cuneato, subtrinerviis et utrinque
4-costulatis, costulis arcuato-patulis, subtus reticulatis; recepta-
culis axillaribus geminis globosis glabris in stipitem constrictis.

Has. Ind. or. (Wight!)

Partes nascentes tenera pube inspersæ. Folia 53-8 cent.
longa, 2-21 lata.

91. Ficus tuberculata, Rosb. Fl. Ind. IIl. p. 554; Wight
Icon. tab. 651.

Has. in montibus Coromandelia. (Roxb.)

92. Ficus hederacea, Roab., I. c. p. 538; Wight, 1. c. tab. 653.

93. Ficus sclerophylla, Roxb. l. c. p. 546, mihi prorsus
dubia, ex Chittagong, alterius inquirenda; ex phrasi brevissima ad
sequentem fere accedens.

94. Ficus cuspdifera, n. sp.? (F. excelsa, Wall. List, n.
4477, haud Vahl. Ramulis, petiolis, reeeptaculis pube tenera
appressa fugaci inspersis; foliis modice petiolatis, lanceolato- vel
inæquilateri-oblongis, anguste anteque acuminatis, basi acutis,
integerrimis vel sursum repandis, membranaceis, glabris, lævibus,
subtrinerviis, et utrinque 5-8-venosis; receptaculis axillaribus
globosis, in stipitem longum basi bracteatum constrictis.

Has. Nepaliam. (Wall.!)

Rami leves, teretes. — Petioli 4-1, folia 7-15 cent. longa.

3-44 lata. Recentacula nunc pisi magnitudinis.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 435

Observ. F. Chincha, Roxb. Fl. Ind. HI. p. 544, dubia
species, hujus fere loci esse videtur.

95. Ficus Altimeraloo, Roxb. MSS. —(F. excelsa ejusd. Fl.
Ind. III. p. 552, excl. syn. —Rheed. Hort. Malab. haud Vahl.)
—Wight. Icon. tab. 650 (errore Al/ameeraloo); F. terminalis,
Roth.? 1. c. p. 392 ex descr. satis convenit.

Ex ins. Moluccis in H, Caleutt. introducta; in peninsula ipsa
sponte crescere haud videtur. Rheedei enim Alti Meer Alou rec-
tius omnino ad F. parasiticam pertinet.

Synonymo hoc male citato factum est, ut hzc sp. sæpe cum F.
parasitica confusa fuerit, a qua glabritie statim differt. Huc
Cum. n. 19921ex ins. Philippinis. Num huc etiam Cum. n. 1923?

96. Ficus reticulosa, n. sp. Glabra, levis; folis breviter
petiolatis, inæquilateraliter oblongis, brevissime acuto-apiculatis,
basi abrupte acutis, supra petiolum subemarginatis, integerrimis,
rigide coriaceis, trinerviis et utrinque patule multinerviis subtus- _
que crebro reticulatis; petiolis transverse rimoso-scabris, antice
sulcatis; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis, rigidis, scabriusculis; recep-
taculis axillaribus, globosis, in stipitem basi tribracteatum constric-
tis, leeviusculis.

Has. In India or. (Wight! n. 29 et 11 bis). Precedenti prox.
sub F. ezce/sa a D. Abel ex Ind. or. vidi in Hb. Hook.sp. grande.

7 91. Ficus philippinensis, n. sp. Glabra; ramulis trigonis;
foliis brevissime petiolatis, subcoriaceis ovato-oblongis, plerumque
inæquilateris, longe acuminatis, ima basi in petiolum subdecurren-
tibus, integerrimis, levissimis, glabris, utrinque sub lente sub-
punctatis, ima basi tenuiter trinerviis, costulisque venosis utrinque
10-15 patulis, ante marginem complectentibus venulisque tenui-
oribus; receptaculis axillaribus, solitariis et gamle in stipitem
constrictis.

Has. ins. Philippinas (Cuming! n. 1937).

F. Altimeraloo affinis, sed bene distincta. Folia 10-16 cent.
longa, 4-5 lata. Stipule anguste lanceolate, convolute, filiformi-
attenuate, rigide, 14-2 cent. longe.

98. Ficus insularis, n. sp. Glabra, levis; foliis breviter peti-
olatis, submembranaceis, subtus pallidis, ellipticis vel oblongis,

VOL. VII, 3E

436 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

sub-abrupte acuminatis, basi obtusiuscula æqualibus vel ea parum-
per dilatata inæqualibus, integerrimis, planis, venulis patentibus
utrinque 8-10, aliisque tenuioribus; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, strictis, complanatis; receptaculis axillaribus globosis
in stipitem longiusculum ima basi bracteatim constrictis.

Has. ins. Zoo-Choo (Hb. Hook.! sub F. pumila?)

Petioli 2-4 mm.; folia 7-10 cent. longa, 34-4 Flata; sépule
1-12 cent.

Forma minor? ibid. (Hb. Hook.! sub F. septica?) Species
affinis videtur Cuming, e Philipp. n. 1943.

99. Ficus tinctoria, Forst. Prodr. n. 405. Guillemin in
N. Ann. d. Se. Nat. tom. VII. p. 185. (Tab. nostr. VI. B.)

Has. in ins. Societatis (Forst.); Tahiti (Hb. Hook.!)

A precedenti foliis latioribus et non acuminatis distinguitur.
Receptacula brevissima pedunculata, longe stipitata.

Tab. VI. B. Ficus tinctoria, F., n. m. cum a. recept.; a., fl.
masc. cum pistillo fere normali, a. m.; 0, stamen; c et d, genitalia
florum aliorum; e, fl. fœm. alabastrum; /, pistillum; g, stigma.

100. Ficus septica, Rumph. Amboin. III. p. 153, tab. 96;
Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 226; Vahl Enum. IT. p. 186, excl. syn. Rheed.

Has. in ins. Moluccis.

Præcedentibus arcte cognata, sed illæ omnes petiolis suis brevi-
bus jam distinguende.

101. Ficus undulata, Hamilt. in Linn. Soc. Trans. vol. XV. p.
133. excl. syn. Rheedei n. sp. videtur, cujus specimen sub n. 2416
Biblioth. Soc. Anglo-Ind. Lond. exstant, autopsis examinanda.

$5. Plagiostigma. (Plagiostigma, Zuccarin. in Abh. d. Math.
phys. classe d. Bayer Akad. d. Wissensch. I. (1844). Tenorea
Gasparr. nov. gen. p. 6; Ricerche, p. 81. tab. VIII. fig. 22-31.)
Receptacula pyriformia intus bracteolata et sæpe pilosula. Sessilia
vel pedunculata basi tribracteata. Fl. monoici. Perig. phylla 4 et
plura (colorata). Stamina 2-5. Stigma oblique truncatum. Fo-
lia integra, integerrima, glabra vel pubescentia.

Observ. Genera a cl. Zuce. et Gasp. proposita. Speciebus simi
mis intermediis cum Ficus genere confluunt.

102. Ficus Gasparriniana, n. sp. Ramulis levibus, foliis al-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 437

ternis oblongis acuminatis, basi acutis obtusis vel emarginatis tri-
nerviis et costulatis integerrimis vel versus apicem serrulatis
utrinque punctulatis, sæpe scabrido-ciliolatis, receptaculis axillari-
bus plerumque solitariis pedunculatis pyriformibus basi attenuatis,
ore constricto bracteatis, floribus vix bracteolatis.

Has. Assam (Hb. Hook.!)

Folia dissita. Petioli semiteretes presertim superne antice
hirtelli. Folia 12-24 cent. longa, 5-8 lata, costulis utrinque 5-6.
Pedunculi triangulares 1 cent. ima basi quandoque bracteati pube-
ruli. Receptacula 1-2 cent. longa, preter stipitem glabra, ore
bracteis fuscis coronato. Perigonia 4—6-phylla, stamina 2-5.

103. Ficus Beecheyana, Hook. et Arn. ad Beech. Voy. Ra-
mulis petiolis receptaculis junioribus foliisque subtus presertim in
nervis hirtello-puberulis, foliis densis modice petiolatis ellipticis
breviter acuminatis basi leviter cordatis vel subemarginatis integer-
rimis supra fugaciter puberulis subcoriaceis trinerviis et utrinque
patule 4-veniis, receptaculis axillaribus pedunculatis ellipticis de-
mum subglobosis basi brevi-stipitato-constricta tribracteatis.

Has. Loo-Choo. (Beechey! in Hb. Hook.)

Rami glabri leves; juniores pilis teneris inspersi. Pefioli sub-
teretes antice anguste sulcati hirtelli glabrescentes 1-14 cent.
longi. Folia provectiore setate fere glabra, supra saturate viridia,
subtus glaucescentia, demum fusca et sub lente punctata in acu-
men breve acutiusculum vel obtusiuseulum desinentia, æquilatera
5-9 cent. longa, 21-81 lata, tenere venulosa vix reticulata. SZi-
pula lanceolate carinatæ membranaceæ appresse puberule 1 cent.
vix æquantes. Receptacula juniora eum pedunculis X cent. lon-
gis puberula, state glabrata, juniora elliptica, basi tribracteata, ore
bracteis erectis membranaceis obtusis ciliolatis in sicco fuscis coro-
nata, adulta globosa, 1 cent. crassa, ima basi in stipitem con-
stricta, ore prominulo apiculata.

104. Ficus umbonatu, Wall. List. n. 4548.

Has. Sidhet. (Wall. !)

105. Ficus pyriformis, Hook. et. Arn. ad Beechey Voy. ¥o-
liis alternis breviter petiolatis cuneato-lanceolatis acutis vel sub-
acuminatis integerrimis subtus cum petiolo ramulis receptaculisque

3x2

438 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

scabriuscule pubescentibus, nervo medio subtus cum petiolo ru-
bescente patule venuloso; receptaculis axillaribus solitarüs (an
semper?) pyriformibus basi 3-bracteatis, intus inter flores sparse
puberulis. (Tab. VI. A.]

Has. China. (Abel! in Hb. Hook.)

Rami levigati; petioli 1-4 mm.; folia 5-6 cent. longa, 1-14
supra medium lata. Pedunculi 1, receptacula nunc 14 cent. longa,
ore prominulo bracteis glabris clauso. Fores densi, fem. et mase.
mixti. Perigonium rigidum coriaceum rubro-fuscum nitidum pe-
dicellatum, péyllis vulgo 4-lanceolatis concavis imbricatis in api-
cem teneriorem excurrentibus, haud prorsus æqualibus. Fem.
Pistilla sepe 2, unum nanum, obovatum in stylum rectum trun-
catum terminatum, alterum normale majus, obovatum, stylo late-
rali parvo, s¢igmate obliquo lineari-filiformi basi concavato, quan-
doque cruris nani rudimento instructo. Achænium gynophoro longo
nitido sustentum oblique obovatum fuscescens siccum stylo vulgo
rostratum. Mase. pauci, perigonii magis globosi, phyllis 4. Sta-
mina 4, 3 vel sæpius 2, perigonii phyllis opposita inclusa, fila-
mentis semiteretibus, antheris ovatis, loculis antice unitis, connec-
tivo dorsali adnatis, dorso sub lente sæpe ciliolatis. Inter sta-
mina pistilli rudimentum, in fl. tetrandris globosum, stylo abortivo
rostratum, in triandris et diandris sæpe vix ullum. Ad basin sin-
guli fl. masc. bracteola concolor lanceolata carinato-navicularis.—
In sp. culto f. nascentium perigonium 4-dentatum et stigma inæ-
qualiter bicrure. (Tab. VI. A. F. pyriformis, Hook. et. A. fructif.
a. m. æ, fl. masc. triandr. cum pistilli rudimento; 4, fl. masc.
diandr. cum bracteola; c, anthera a dorso; d. e. f, fl. fem. varii; g,
fl. fem. alterius pistilli rudimento; 4, pistilla juniora; i, ache-
nium; #, apex pistilli nani, omnes varie auctæ.]

106. Ficus Millesi, n. sp. Ramulis petiolisque minute hir-
tellis, foliis alternis breviter petiolatis lanceolatis tenuiter acumi-
natis æquilateris, integerrimis basi trinerviis et patule costiveniis,
subtus pallidis, joke punctatis glabris; receptaculis axillaribus
vel subterminalibus ovato-pyriformibus pedunculatis, basi in stipi-
tem angulatum sparse irregulariter paucibracteatim SE
subglabris.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 439

Has. China (Millet! in Hb. Hook. sub F. pyriformi.)

Petioli 1-3 mm., folia 4—5 cent. longa, l lata. Stipule lan-
ceolatæ 2 mm. longæ diutius persistentes. Receptacula cerasi
magnitudinis rubicunda, ore prominulo vulgo dracteis 4 parvis
subvalvatim clausa, intus sub ore bracteis parvis occlusa, ceterum
vix bracteolata. Fores quos vidi omnes feminei, sessiles, peri-
gonii phyllis 4 ovalibus acutis concavis junioribus ciliolatis parvis,
demum acheni basi arcte applicatis. Ovarium sessile. Achenia
majuscula densa ventre dorsoque fere cristatim incrassata, pericar-
pio pulposo rubescente.

107. Ficus Fieldingà, n. sp. Glaberrima; foliis alternis
longiuscule petiolatis oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis longe an-
guste acuteque acuminatis, basi cuneatis, integerrimis vel repandis,
coriaceis, trinerviis et utrinque 6—8-venosis; receptaculis axillari-
bus, solitariis?, brevissime pedunculatis, basi tribracteatis ellipsoi-
deis glabris, acheniis subtrigonis vel semi-ovatis, pallidis, phyllis
perigonii parvis.

Has. Assam (Hb. Hook.!); Simla (Fielding!)

Petioli 14-24, folia 10-12 cent. longa, subtus in sicco fusces-
centi-reticulata. B

108. Ficus stipulata, Thunb. diss. de Ficu, n.T. (Plagio-
stigma stipulatum, Zuccar. l. c. in nota. Tenorea heterophylla, Gas-
parr. Ricerche, p. 81.) Ramis radicantibus, junioribus hirtis,
foliis oblique ovatis acutiusculis, glabris subtus pallidis nervisque
albidis prominentibus, ramulorum fructiferorum majoribus ovato-
oblongis obtusis, basi subcordatis et fere æqualibus, stipulis deci-
duis ovato-triangularibus subtus appresse pilosis; receptaculis mag- -
nis pyriformibus vel turbinatis setosis, serius glabris subviolaceis.

Has. China, Japonia (Thb.); China (Millet!)

109. Ficus pumila, Thunb. l. c. n. 10. Linn. Syst. vegetab.
p. 774. (Ficus sylvestris procumbens fol. simpl. Kempf. Am.
ex. p. 803 cum icone. Syn. Rumph. a Linn. et Burm. cit. huc
non pertinet.) |

Has. China, Japonia (Kempf. Thb.)

110. Ficus erecta, Thunb. l c. p. 5. (Ficus pumila, 8
Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 83.)

440 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM.

Has. Japonia (Thb.)

111. Ficus punctulata, Thunb. Fic. p. 9. Glabra; foliis ob-
longis obtusis obsolete emarginatis integerrimis glabris, margini-
bus leviter reflexis, subtus impresso-punctatis, brevissime petiolatis;
receptaculis obovatis (magnitudine fere Caricæ).

Has. India orientalis (Thunb.) An Synæciæ species?

112. Ficus disticha, Blume Bydrag. 458. — Glabra; foliis mo-
dice petiolatis cuneato-obovatis ellipticisve apice rotundato retusis
vel emarginatis basi cuneatis vel acutis coriaceis levibus, margi-
nibus integerrimis leviter revolutis, trinerviis et paucivenosis haud
reticulatis subtus punctatis (sub lente scil. inter venularum reticu-
lationes elevatis) ; receptaculis axillaribus geminis vel solitariis, ses-
silibus vel brevissime pedunculatis, pyriformibus basi substipita-
tim attenuatis, 3-bracteatis.

Has. Javam (Lobb!); Ceylon (Walker, n. 1179!)

Habitu Syneciam diversifoliam refert. Rami leves; ramuli
in sicco cum petiolis et receptaculis fusci (in vivo rubescentes?).
Petioli subteretes, mox rimoso-squamulosi i-fere 1 cent. longi.
Folia supra saturate viridia, subtus pallidiora 3-5 cent. longa, 2—
2x lata, supra levissima, nervo medio tantum versus basin sul-
cata, subtus venulis utrinque 3-4 patulis notata. Stipule parvæ
rigidulæ subulato-convolutz. Receptacula juniora 1 cent. longa,
pedunculo brevi 1-3 mm. longo, subinde fere nullo, basi bracteis
3 circumscisse deciduis instructa, glabra, ore semigloboso-promi-
nulo 3 bracteis concavis parvis glabris occlusa, intus sub ore
bracteata, ceterum parvis setulis instructa. FZ. fem. perigonio
4—phyllo fusco, ovario sessili, stylo brevi, stigmate obtuso
perforato.

113. Ficus elliptica. Glabra; foliis breviter petiolatis ellipti-
cis subæquilateris basi obtusis raro acutis, apice rotundato-obtusis,
raro retusis, trinerviis et pauci venulosis, subtus punctatis (sub
lente inter reticulationes elevatis), coriaceis marginibus integerri-
mis leviter revolutis, stipulis parvis rigidis lanceolato-linearibus
acuminatis convolutis glabris, receptaculis

Has. Philippinas (Cuming! n. 1927.)

Precedenti proxima et simillima; parasitica repens. Ramuli

Soie a. s

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 441

subsemiteretes. Petioli 2-5 mm.; folia 31-44 cent. longa, 2—
23 vix 3 lata. Stipule 1-1 cent. long.

114. Ficus spathulata. (Ficus retusa, Herb. Madrasp. Wallich,
n. 4530. An et B. et sp. Wight? que non vidi.) Glabra, foliis
modice petiolatis cuneato-spathulatis, apice rotundatis, versus ba-
sin valde attenuatis, integerrimis, subcoriaceis, subtrinerviis, ner-
vis lateralibus ad marginem adscendentibus in venularum arcus
continuatis, medio ad 2 alt. vel prope apicem bifido venulisque
parce reticulatis subtus prominulis ; receptaculis axillaribus solita-
riis (an semper), longe pedunculatis ovato-urceolatis, basi tribrac-
teatis, verticis constricti ore bracteis plurimis parvis dense repleto.

Has. Madras (l. c.)

Habitu et foliorum nervatione Synæciam diversifoliam refert,
floribus autem generice differt. Petioli X cent. longi; folia 33—5
cent. longa, $—12 supra medium lata. Pedunculi tenues 1 cent.;
receptacula pisi fere magn. basi dracteis 3 concavis obtusis cilio-
latis suffulta, intus nunc repleta acheniis pallidis angulato-globosis
phyllis fuscis perigonii interpositis. Ovaria quaedam adsunt ses-
silia semi-ovata, s¢ylo abbreviato, stigmate perforato.—Num hue
F. ovoidea, Kth. in Ind. Sem. H. ber. 1846. p. 20, haud Jack ?

115. Ficus diversiformis, n. sp. Ramulis fuscis, nascentibus,
petiolis foliisque utrinque pilis minutis inspersis, foliis alternis bre-
viter petiolatis, ellipticis ovatisve obtusis vel acutiusculis, plerum-
que æquilateris, basi leviter cordatis, integerrimis, integris vel tri-
lobis, subtus pallidis, trinerviis et parce venosis, supra demum as-
periusculis vel lævibus, stipulis lanceolatis fuscis membranaceis.

Has. Ceylon, alt. 1600 ped. (Walker, n. 9!, 368!, 1338! in
Hb. Hook.)

Repens radicans ad instar Synecie ‘felonies Folia 1i-fere 3
cent. longa; obliqua vel æquilatera, elliptica, alia integra, alia la-
teribus subsinuata, plura triloba.

116. Ficus barbata, Wall. List, n. 4576. Repens, radicans,
ramis subretrorse villosis, foliis disticho-alternis breviter petiolatis
ovato-cordatis ante apiculatis integerrimis trinerviis et utrinque 4
costulatis, supra glabriusculis vel sparse pilosis, subtus villosis.

Has. Penang et Singapore, (Wall.!)

449 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

Folia 10-5 cent. longa. In H. Amst. species sponte in cal-
dario enata, ab hac vix diversa. Num ex hac § F. sagittata,
Vahl Enum. ll. p. 185 a Kænigio ex Ind. or. missa, quam inter
Roxburgianas species frustra quæsivi.

Species dubia: F. callosa, Willd. diss. fic. p. 25, tab. IN.

§ 6. Podosycea. Folia alterna vel subopposita, oblonga, in-
tegerrima, trinervia et costulata, pubescentia; receptacula axillaria,
gemina, yel ramulo inter ea continuato infraramulina, pedun-
culata, basi in dongum stipitem constricta, tribracteata; flores fus-
cescentes, monoici; 4—5-phylli; mase. superiores; stamina 2-3,
filamentis abbreviatis, antheris bilocularibus, oblongis, utrinque
emarginatis. Fem. stylus brevis, stigmate inæqualiter bicruri vel
oblique subpeltato.
2 117. Ficus macropoda, n. sp. Molliter subincano-pubescens;
foliis alternis vel summis suboppositis, oblongis vel angusto-oblon-
gis, basi quandoque subemarginatis, integerrimis, irinerviis et
utrinque venuloso-costulatis; receptaculis axillaribus vel infra-ax-
illaribus, pedunculatis, geminis, suburceolato-globosis, in stipitem
longissimum tenuem constrictis, pubescentibus.
Has. ins. Philippinas. (Cuming. n. 1933!)
Petioli 14-2; folia 9-10 cent. longa, 444 lata. Gemme
ovate, parve, incane. Pedunculi 5 mm. longi, cum stipite 2
cent. longo, fere continui, sed dracteis 3 parvis serius deciduis in-
terstincti. Receptacula pisi magn.
7 118. Ficus pedunculosa, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, peduncu-
Mis foliisque nascentibus subtus in nervis parce puberulis; his al-
ternis et suboppositis, oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, obtusiusculis,
basin versus subattenuatis, integerrimis, coriaceis, levibus, triner-
vis, utrinque pauci-costatis; receptaculis axillaribus, geminis,
pedunculatis, demum glabriusculis stipitem summo æquantibus.

-Tas. VIL. 4. Ficus peduneulosa, n. m. a. fl. mase. cum
bracteolo; 4, stamen; c. et d, fl. fem.; e, pistilla; a. m.

(To be continued.)

443
BOTANICAL INFORMATION. |

Area Novi Zevanpia. By Dr. Hooxer AND Dr. Harvey.

(Supplementum primum.)
(Continued from vol. 4. p. 531.)

(Since the list of New Zealand Alge was published in this

Journal, Vol. 4, p. 521, a small collection, of which the fol-
lowing is a notice, has been received by Sir. Wm. J. Hooker
from the Rev. Mr. Colenso.)

10.

. Sargassum plumosum, A. Rich.

Colenso, No. 644. 886.

. Sargassum ———— ?

Colenso, 629. The specimen is insufficient.

. Marginaria Boryana, Mont.

Colenso. Two leaves only.

. Phyllospora quercifolia, Harv.

Palliser Bay, Colenso, No. 631.

. Carpophyllum Maschalocarpus, Hook. fil. et Harv.

Colenso, 648. 887. 888.

. Blossevillea retorta, Mont.

Colenso; 646.

. Carpomitra Cabreree! Kiitz.—Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 14.

Colenso, 636.—This is identical with European specimens,
and its discovery at New Zealand throws some doubt on
our C. Haliseris, which differs, chiefly, in having a much
broader frond.

. Zonaria flava, Ag.

Colenso, 890.

. Epineuron Colensoi, Hook. fil et Harv.—Harv. Ner.

Austr. p. 26. t. 10.
Colenso, 637. Magnificent specimens, a foot long. _
Polysiphonia aterrima, Hook. fil. et Harv. Parasitical on
Phyll. quercifolia. Colenso, 634.

VOL. VII. 3F

444 BOTANICAL INFORMATION,

11. Laurencia filiformis, H. and H. (n. sp.) Caule elato filiformi
setaceo flexuoso pinnatim ramosissimo, ramis alternis longis
virgatis simplicibus iterumve ramosis, ramulis horizontalibus
alternis secundisve brevibus elongatisque cylindricis capitatis.

Hawkes Bay, Colenso, 650.—Allied to L. obtusa, but very slen-
der, with flexuous stems and branches, and alternate or secund
ramuli. The ramuli are either a line in length, or drawn out to

6-8 lines or more.

12. Rhodymenia Palmetta, Grev.

Colenso, 645. These specimens are undistinguishable
from some European forms in our Herbaria.

13. Rhodymenia ——— —- ? n. sp. (?) fronde membranacea rosea
cuneata dichotoma, laciniis furcatis patentibus lineari-cune-
atis, axillis acutis.

Colenso, 877.—An imperfect specimen, perhaps belonging
to anew species.

14. Gracilaria? torulosa, H. and H.— Gigartina torulosa, nobis,
in Journ. 4. p. 546.

Colenso, 873.—Mr. Colenso's specimens are much more
perfect than our former ones. The colour, which had com-
pletely faded in the specimen from which we originally de-
scribed the species, is dark purple, changing to various
tints of red in fresh water. The structure of the stem is
intermediate in character between that of Gracilaria and
Gigartina; the centre being that of the first of these Genera,
the circumference that of the latter.

15. Iridæa micans, Bory.

Colenso, 880.

16. Melanthalia abscissa and Jaubertiana.

Colenso, 627. 882.—Splendid specimens, which confirm Dr.
Harvey in the opinion already expressed (ante, Vol. 4. p-
548) that the M. Jaubertiana is not distinct from the ori-
ginal abscissa of Turner.

17. Gelidium lucidum, Harv.

Colenso, 647. 649. 877. 879. 884.

18. Ctenodus Billardieri, Kütz.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 445

Colenso, 874. 891.

19. Griffithsia setacea, Ag.
Colenso, 633,

20. Ptilota formosissima, Mont.
Colenso, 632. 638. 875. 889.

21. Ceramium virgatum, Hook. fil. and Harv. (n.sp.) Filis stric-
tissimis virgatis indivisis ramosisve ramis similibus, ramulis
dichotome multifidis appressis axillis, angustissimis apicibus
incurvis, articulis concoloribus glabris ramorum diametro
equalibus ramulorum brevissimis, favellis subterminalibus
involucro polyphyllo suffultis.

Parasitical on Carp. Maschalocarpus, Colenso, 881. The
. exceeding straightness of the stem and branches, and the
appressed ramuli, well distinguish this species.

HERBARIUM and LIBRARY of the late Dn. Tuomas TAYLOR.

The Herbarium comprises 8138 sheets (the number of species
being something less) with an average of 4 specimens on each
sheet, and for the convenience of purchasers it will be disposed of
in families ; viz.—

Filices (= 123 sheets.)

Musei (= 2306 sh.)

Hepatice (= 2168 sh.)

Musci and Hepatice, wnarranged, (= 332 sh.)
Lichenes (= 2251 sh.)

Alga (= 681 sh.)

Fungi (= 277 sh.)

The Musei, Hepatice and Lichenes are mounted on sheets 95 by
6 inches. They include nearly every known species, with several
hitherto unpublished, and are rich in contributions from the most
celebrated cryptogamists and travellers of the present century;
besides comprising original specimens of the species described by
their late eminent possessor in the Muscologia Britannica, Flora
Hibernica, Flora Antarctica, &e. The 4/7 contain an interest-
ing collection made by the late Miss Hutchins. The whole is

3 ¥2

44.6 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

illustrated by numerous magnified drawings and manuscript
observations.

There are, besides, several parcels of duplicate specimens, an
unarranged collection of flowering plants and Ferns, and fine
copies of Drummond’s Musci Americani, Funck’s Deutschlands
Moose, Spruce’s Musci Pyrenaici and Hepaticee Pyrenaice, Drum-
mond’s (Js.) Swan River Mosses, Me. Ivor’s British Hepaticæ, &c.

The Library includes many valuable works, chiefly on Crypto-

gamic Botany.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Works of the late Wit11am Grirrrru, Esq. F. L. S. &c. Pos-
thumous Papers, bequeathed to the Hon. the East India Com-
pany, and printed by order of the Government of Bengal;
viz.—

l. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bootan, Affghanistan,

and the neighbouring countries. Vol. I. 8vo. Calcutta, 1847.

2. Icones Plantarum Asiaticarum. Parr I. Development of

Organs of Phanerogamous Plants. 4to. Calcutta, 1847, Plates.

3. Notulæ ad Plantas Asiaticas. Parr IL. Development of Or-

gans of Phanerogamous Plants. 1 vol. Svo.

The whole arranged by John M‘Lelland Esq., F. L. S., Surgeon,
Bengal Service,

It is well known to every reader of this Journal, that Mr.
Griffith was one of the most promising Naturalists that ever
visited our Indian territories. During his brief career in those
regions, he was indefatigable in collecting, drawing, and deserib-
ing; and his vast collections, drawings, descriptions, and journals
were bequeathed to the Honourable the Directors of the East
India Company, with a firm hope that this distinguished body,
which had already rendered such services to science and in particu-
lar io Botany by their liberal and judicious distribution of the
vast collections formed by Dr. Wallich, Dr. Roxburgh, &c., and

by the powerful assistance they gave towards the publication of

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 447

the discoveries of those eminent Botanists, would not be tardy in -
affording publicity to the collection. Nor was this a vain expecta-
tion. We have now before us the first volume of the Journals, the
first Part of the Icones, and the first Part of the Notule; all
and each displaying the varied knowledge and untiring activity of |
the Author.

Mr. M'Lelland has been charged with the publication of all
the MSS. and drawings at Calcutta; and we think he has done
well in giving them to the world in the state in which Mr. Griffith
left them. Doubtless, had the latter lived to publish them, they
would have appeared under a very different aspect;—but it might
have been difficult, even in Europe, to find an editor competent to
carry out fully the author's views. The works must now be consi-
dered as merely his private notes, the results of his own daily obser-
vations and fac-similes of the contents of his portfolio:—all des-
tined for his ownimmediate advancement in his favourite science,
and from which, had Providence prolonged his life, he would have
selected what he deemed fit for the information of the scientific
world,

It is as a physiological botanist that Mr. Griffith shone pre-em-
inently; and he has given ample proof of his deep research into
the anatomy and physiology of plants in the volume of plates
above alluded to, and in the “Notule” which are explanatory of
the plates and of his views of the organization, metamorphoses,
&e., of vegetables. The first part alone of the Icones contains 62
large quarto plates, crowded with more or less highly magnified
figures and analyses of the parts of the flower, fruit, &c. These
are executed in the same bold and rather rude, but faithful, man-
ner, for which the elder Richard was distinguished, and which are
here copied on stone, we presume by native artists. .

When the work is completed, and we believe it will extend
to many volumes, it will be seen that hardly any naturalist,
though privileged to attain a much greater age, has done more
to advance the cause of Systematic, and especially Physiolo-
gical, Botany than Mr. Griffith. The public is greatly indebted to
Mr. M‘Clelland, for the pains he has bestowed on the prepara-

448 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

tion of the Journals, &c., for the press: the labour of which
must be of no ordinary kind; and by performing which he has
only fulfilled a sacred duty, imposed upon him by Griffith him-
self in his dying hour.

The vol. of the Journals is illustrated by a portrait of the
author, and by several well executed views of the country, which
are lithographed by his sister in Europe, and add considerably to
the interest of the volume.

Even were this the place for it, we could not attempt an analy-
sis of these works. They are for attentive reading and study, and
should be found in the hands of every botanist, but particularly
in those of every student of Indian Botany.

The following information, on the subject of Griffith’s MSS.
and drawings, may not prove uninteresting. It is communicated
from Calcutta, by one well competent to judge.

“Mr. M‘Clelland is here, engaged in the arduous duty of editing
poor Griffith’s journals, botanical drawings, and descriptive
matter. The expences of the publication are nobly defrayed by .
the E. I. Company, who take 250 copies; and the proceeds from
the sale of the remainder are generously put aside, by Mr.
MClelland, for the benefit of Mr. Griffith’s orphan boy. The
materials are left in admirable order, and are so copious, and
many of the drawings so well executed, that I am perfectly amazed at
their author’s ability. His exertions were all but superhuman ;
and he was a far better artist than I had imagined: the hand-
writing is good, and the references to all his plates correct, down
to the smallest detail. Mr. M‘Clelland is printing Griffith’s notes,
just as they were left, and lithographing fac-similes of the draw-
ings, which I have examined and found quite accurate, for where the
lithographer has made unintelligible work, the original is the same.

“The Kast India Company proposes to distribute the 250 copies
at home, so giving every one the opportunity of working up
Griffiths materials. The drawings are however of unequal merit,
for they were chronologically arranged, from 1833 to 1845, and
all are copied.

“The portion first published contains Griffiths Travels and Jour-

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 449

nal; but I find no trace of explanatory notes upon various Indian
names and terms, or chart or map of his solitary wanderings
through regions previously laid down in no map. This latter is
a serious deficiency. The Journals are rough, but full of ma-
terials which would have formed a glorious book in the author’s
own hands. This part is complete, in an 8vo. vol., of about 500
pages, price 32s. The first Botanical part is purely physiological:
it is a large 4to. vol., containing 62 coloured plates, crowded
with figures and accompanied by an 8vo. vol. of descriptive mat-
ter of 250 pages. The Mosses are all extremely well drawn, dis-
sected, and described, with MS. names: they, together with the
Hepatice, will constitute a second Part, of about 50 plates and
about 100 pages of letter-press. The Grasses and Cyperacee are
to form a third Part, the plates similarly in 4to., and the des-
criptions 8vo.; while the remaining Phanerogame compose the 4th
Part. This last consists of excellent delineations of new, curious,
or beautiful plants, well drawn by Griffith's own hand, and some
are well coloured too.

“There is no MS. of Ferns: the specimens of this Tribe I under-
stand were bequeathed to you. It seems to me that, now Mr.
M ‘Clelland has performed the first and most difficult Botanical
Part, and done it well (so far as accurately rendering the original
drawings and notes), and thus ensured the gratis distribution of
the book to 250 botanists, and also arranged that a fund should
be raised for the deceased author’s child, it were a pity he
should not carry the work to its conclusion. Nobody can read
Griffith's handwriting with equal facility, or copy the notes with
such care and patience. Mr. M‘Clelland is also busy arranging the
collections for distribution, and lithographing with his own hand
a Wallichian Catalogue, not only of the Numbers, Names and
Stations, but of the botanical remarks and often detailed charac-
ters attached to each species; and this will be distributed with
the specimens.”

450 NOTICES OF BOOKS,

Journal of an Expedition into the interior of TROPICAL AUSTRA-
LIA, in search of the Gulf of Carpentaria; by Lr. Cor. Sır
Tuomas L. Mrromerx, Kr. D. C. L. Surveyor General of
New South Wales. 1 vol. London, 1848.

There is in this volume a valuable contribution to Australian
Botany, given in such a way as not to trouble the reader
of the more popular “Journal” with the dry details of
Natural History. During the important survey a very consider-
able collection of plants was made by Sir Thomas Mitchell and
his assistants. They were all numbered according to the locality,
and correspondmg numbers were kept in the Journal. The speci-
mens, previous to the appearance of the volume of travels, were
consigned to Messrs. Bentham, Hooker, Lindley, and De Vriese ;
and such as were deemed new, or otherwise worthy of notice,
were named and characterized in a brief phrase, of which the
generic name alone appears in the body of tlfe work, while the
specific name and character and any short remark to assist in the
identity are given in a note, which may be passed over or not, as
the reader thinks proper. Then at the end of the volume is an
Index of all the plants noticed in the work, arranged according
to the natural orders, with a reference to the page of the work.

One of the most remarkable plants here described is a new
Sterculiaceous Genus, Delabechea rupestris, Lindl., of which a
figure is given. Its trunk bulges out like a barrel; or rather,
judging from the figure, it is shaped like a turnip, with the branches
springing directly from the top, yet it constitutes a tree, “arbor
grandis, trunco in dolii speciem intumescente.”

While many of the plants in this collection prove to be undeseribed
species, it is but justice to the late Mr. Allan Cunningham to
say that a large portion of them exist in his collection, which, it
is to be regretted, he did not live to publish.

Although scarcely bearing on botany, except as exhibiting vege-
tation en masse, we cannot help expressing our satisfaction at the
beautiful execution of the views of landscape scenery.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 451

Prodromus Monographie Ficuum; scripsit F. A. G. MIQUEL,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis.

(Continued from page 442.)

$ 7. Trematosycea. Folia oblonga integerrima, villosa, vel
pubescentia vel glabra; receptacula axillaria vel ad axillas defoli-
atas conglomerata, sessilia vel breviter pedunculata, globosa vel
basi in stipitem constricta, tribracteata, parva, hirta vel glabrius-
_cula, ore margine elevato subcrenulato cincta, serius in ejus fundo
bracteata, Flores 3—4-phylli, fusci.

119. Ficus villosa, Blume in Bijdrag. Fl. Nederl. Ind. p. 441.
(Ficus hirsuta, Hook. Herb.) Ramulis, pedunculis, receptaculis,
petiolis, foliisque subtus fulvo-tomentosis; his ovato-oblongis,
acuminatis, integerrimis, marginibus presertim basim versus
revolutis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, 3—5-nervis et
utrinque 5—7-costulatis, subtusque reticulatis, supra levibus in
nervo medio subhirtellis; receptaculis breviter pedunculatis, basi
in stipitem constrictis.

Has. Java (Blume, Lobb! in Hb. Hook.); Prince of Wales
Island. (Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 14, folia 11-18 cent. longa, 5-7 lata.

120. Ficus villipes, n. sp. Ramulis junioribus, petiolis, foliis-
que subtus in nervis molliter appresse villoso-pubescentibus; his
modice petiolatis, elliptico-oblongis, obtuso-apiculatis basi æquali-
truncatis vel leviter cordatis, marginibus, presertim versus ba-
sin leviter revolutis, integerrimis, tri- vel subquinquenerviis, et —
utrinque 3—4-costulatis, subtus reticulatis, fusco-pubescentibus,

serius glabratis et scabriusculis, supra in nervis parce hirtellis sen- — me

sim glabrescentibus, mox utrinque pustulatis; receptaculis 2-6-
glomeratis, sessilibus, obovatis, glabris, basi bracteis 3 dorso me-
dio strigillosis.

Has. Javam. (Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 1, folia 9-14 cent. longa, 5-6 lata.

121. Ficus Spanogheana, n. sp. Ramulis junioribus, petiolis,
foliisque subtus in nervis appresse villosulo-pubescentibus; his

. VOL. VII. 3

452 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHLE FICUUM.

modice petiolatis, elliptico-oblongis vel subovato-oblongis, brevi-
ter obtusiuscule acuminatis, integerrimis, leviter revolutis, basi
acuta vel obtusiuscula, 3- vel sub-5-nerviis, et utrinque 3—2-cos-
tulatis, subtus reticulatis et fulvescenti-pubescentibus, dein glabra-
tis, supra in nervis parcissime hirtellis ; receptaculis 2-6-glomera-
tis sessilibus, subglobosis, glabris, basi tribracteatis.

Has. Java. (Spanoghe! sub F. villosa in Hb. Hook.;)
Zolling. n. 253! (a Moritz. sub F. obtecta, Wall.)

Var. fol. ovato-ellipticis (Zolling. n. 766 !)

Species abludens.

192. Ficus lancifolia, n. sp. Ramulis petiolisque fusco-hir-
tellis, foliis brevissime petiolatis, lanceatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, basi inæqualiter cordatis, trinerviis atque costulatis,
denticulatis, utrinque scabro-pubescentibus, supraque asperulis;
receptaculis axillaribus, sessilibus, conglomeratis, 2—4-globosis,
pubescentibus.

Has. ins. Philippinas (Cuming, n. 1944!)

Folia 15—14 cent. longa, 4-31 lata, membranacea, subnitida.

§ 8. Kissosycea. Folia integerrima, glabriuscula, coriacea;
receptacula pedunculata, subglobosa, basi brevi-constricta, tribrac-
teata. Perigonii phylla fusca nitida. Stigma obliquum.

123. Ficus scandens, Roxb. Fl. Ind. l. c. p. 536 ; Wight,
Icon, XX. tab. 643; F. fruticosa (Roxb.); Wall. List. n. 4501.
haud Roxb.

Has. Silhet (Roxb.—Wall.!) ; Assam (Hb. Hook.!)

Formam puberulam alioquin haud diversam vidi ex Assam.

124. Ficus fruticosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. c. p. 583 ;° Wight, Icon.
tab. 654.

Has. Chittagong. (Roxb.) Num cum precedenti conjungenda?

125. Ficus pyrifolia, Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 226 ; Vahl Enum.
LIL. p. 187.

Has. in India or.

An hujus loci? Num Urostigma ovoideum, ex Rheedii — a
Burm. citata.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 453

$ 9. Erythrogyne. (Erythrogyne Visian. in litt. Gasparr.
Ricerche, p. 86).

126. Ficus lutescens, (Parment.) Desfont. Cat. ed. 3, p. 418.
(F. pisiformis, Hort. Berol 1846.—Erythrogyne lutescens,
Vis. 1. c.)

* Glabra; ramis levissime flexuosis, transverse rimulosis ; foliis
breviter petiolatis, oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, obsolete trinerviis,
integerrimis, nervis primariis remotis costaque subtus prominulis,
coriaceo-membranaceis, supra vix nitidulis, subtus subtilissime im-
presso-punctulatis; gemmis terminalibus conico-acuminatis ; re-
ceptaculis axillaribus, solitariis et geminis, longe pedunculatis,
subpyriformi globosis, pallide aurantiacis, basi trisquamulosis, um-
bone prominulo, squamulis 5 clauso."

Has. Java? Colit. in hortis.

Folia 21—3-pollicaria, 1 poll. lata. Pefioli bilineares. Fl. struct.
eximie exposuit cl. Vissiani 1. c.—Num rectius ad Pogonotrophes
genus ?

$ 10. Thamnosycea. Folia integerrima, glabra, costivenia.
Recept. pedunculata, globosa, basi bracteis 3 subconnatis, monoica.
Perigonii fusci phylla 4-38. Fem. ovarium sessile; stylo brevi,
deciduo; stigmate simplici, clavato-capitellato, colorato. Mase.
stamina 2, filamentis brevissimis, antheris oblongo-linearibus,
utrinque emarginatis, bilocularibus, loculis appositis.

(Pharmacosycee inter Americanas et Ficus sect. Podosyce
quoad flores affinis.)

197. Ficus nemoralis, Wall. List. n, 4517. Foliis brevius-
cule petiolatis, oblongis vel ellipticis, æquilateris, longiuscule
anguste acuminatis, basi rotundatis, integerrimis, subcoriaceis,
subtus pallidis, glabris, venis patulis utrinque prominulis,
utrinque 10-15; receptaculis ad axillas defoliatas, solitariis —
vel geminis, pedunculatis, levibus, glabris.

Has. Nepaliam (Wall!) ; Himalaya (Lady Dalhousie !)

Petioli 1-11, folia 11-16 cent. longa, 44-6 lata. Pedunculi
5-10 mm. ; receptacula obovato-globosa.

128. Ficus densa, n. sp. Glabra; folis modice petiolatis ad

862

454 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHL® FICUUM.

ramorum apices confertis, oblongo-lanceolatis lanceolatisque, longe
suboblique et acute acuminatis, integerrimis membranaceis, venu-
lis utrinque 6-10 tenuibus, patulis, versus margines adscendenti-
bus vix prominulis; receptaculis ad axillas defoliatis, solitariis vel
geminis, pedunculatis, obovatis vel ellipsoideis basi involucri
tripartita.

Has. Rynee—Ral, Indie borealis. (Dr. Thomson in Hb. Hook.)

Rami subteretes foliorum cicatricibus sæpe valde confertis tu-
berculati. Petioli 14-1 cent. longi, colorati. Folia 8-11 cent.
longa, 2-4 lata, subtus pallida. Stipule 14 cent. longæ, lineari-
lanceolate, glabræ, membranaceæ, caducæ. Receptacula piso
paulo majora, pariete ut in precedente tenui; pedunculi 4 mm. longi.

§ ll. Zeiosycea. Folia alterna, oblonga, integerrima, costive-
nia, coriacea, glabra. Receptacula gemina, pedunculàáta, globosa,
basi brévi-stipitata, tribracteata. ores dimorphi, btacteolati;
majores tuberculis insidentes ; minores foveis. Perigonia 4-phylla,
fusca; stigmata majorum bicrura, minorum simplicia. Mase.
nondum observati.

129. Ficus vasculosa, Wall. List. n. 4482. Adulta glabra;
foliis modice petiolatis, ellipticis vel oblongis, attenuato-obtusis
vel rotundatis, basi acutis integerrimis, nervo medio infra apicem
delitescente, costulis venosis utrinque 8—10 aliisque tenuibus ante
marginem junctis, subtusque reticulatis; receptaculis axillaribus
geminis pedunculatis obovato-globosis, ore arcte occlusis, basi in
stipitem brevem abrupte constrictis, bracteis 3, parvis, deciduis.

Has. Tavoy, Penang. (Wall!)

Petioli 1-1}, folia 8-11 cent. longa, 444 lata. Receptacula
piso majora.

§ 12. Didymophora. Folia alterna, oblonga, integerrima, gla-
bra; receptacula sessilia, urceolata; basi tribracteatà. Æores mo-
noici, ebracteolati, mixti, mase: longe pedicellati, perigonio tri-
phyllo, fuseo. Stamina 2, monadelpha, antheris ovatis biloculari-
bus. Fem. brevius pedicellati, perigonio consimili. Stylus brevis,
stigmate bicruri.— Rectius fortassis genus proprium.

130. Ficus gemella, Wall. List. n. 4576. Glabra; foliis mo-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 455

dice petiolatis, oblongis, vel lanceolato-oblongis, longe acuminatis,
inéquilateris vel æquilateris, basi acutis, integerrimis vel vix
repandulis, subcoriaceis, glabris, costulis utrinque 8-12 ; recep-
taculis solitariis vel geminis, ad axillas defoliatas sessilibus, basi
tribracteatis, obovato-cuneatis, glabris, intus tuberculatis.

Has. Ind. or. (Wall. !)

Petioli 4-1, folia 10-16 cent. longa, 3-6 lata. Receptacula
1-14 cent. longa, ore constricto, subannulatim marginato, bracteis
numerosis, prominulis repleto.

§ 13. Zriosyeea. Folia alterna, longe vel breviter petiolata,
serrata, integra, vel lobata, vulgo serrata, hirta vel presertim sub-
tus tomentosa aut pubescentia. Receptacula axillaria, sessilia vel
brevissime pedunculata, glabra vel hirta, gemina, intus bracteolata
vel et pilosula. F7. sessiles vel pedicellati, plerumque tetraphylh,
Phyllis fuscis, angustis vel latioribus, et tunc concavis. Stamina
2 vel 1 cum alterius rudimento, vel 1 cum ovario nano. Stigma
obliquum tubuloso-truncatum vel cochleariforme. Achænia lenti-
culari-ellipsoidea vel globosa, levia, verrucosa, pericarpio delites-
centi, testa dura. :

Species Asiæ australis vel sub-temperate.

181. Ficus gossypina, Wall. List. n. 4488. Foliis longe peti-
olatis, ellipticis, ovatis, actitis vel breviter acuminatis, serratis, in-
tegris vel trilobis vel quinquelobis, et tune basi leviter cordatis,
supra petiolis tamulisque pilis sparsis glabrescentibus, subtus præ-
cipue nervüm costasque albido-lanatis; receptaculis globosis gla-
bris brevissime pedunculatis, basi bracteis 3, parvis, puberulis,
suffultis. €

A. Forma integrifolia.

Has. Penang, Singapur, et Pulo Dinding (Wall.!); Prince of
Wales Island, (Hb. Hook.! “F. bicolor.”)

Caules leves, glabri. Petioli 4-10 cent. longi, fuscescentes.
Folia 10-26 cent. longa, 4—15 lata, membranacea, dentato-serrata, -
trinervia, costulisque utrinque 3-4 !

B. Forma lobata.
Has. Prince of Wales Island. (Hb. Hook.! “F. bicolor.")

456 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

132. Ficus Rozburghiü. (F. hirsuta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. TI. p.
528, haud Schott.; Wight, Icon, tab. 670.—F. hirta, Roxb. L c.

p. 531; Wight, eee tab. 672, [bona, excepta florum analysi, |
haud Vahl.—F. hispida, Roxb. MSS. teste Wall., haud Linn. fil.
—F. triloba, Hb. Ham.; Wall. n. 4491.) Ramulis, petiolis, re-
ceptaculisque fulvo nein foliis modice petiolatis ovato-rotunda-
tis, subcordatis, subacuminatis, serratis, ciliatis, supra substrigosis,
subtus incano-tomentoso, tri-5-nerviis costulatisque, integris vel
trilobis ; receptaculis geminis, sessilibus, ovato-urceolatis.

Has. Si/het (Roxb. Wall.!), Assam (Hb. Hook.!), Goa/para (Ham.)

Observ. F. hirta et hirsuta Roxb. non nisi fol. lobatis vel in-
tegris diverse, omnino consociandæ videntur.

133. Ficus kirta, Vahl, Enum. IL p. 201. (F. setosa, Hook.
et Arn. Beech.) Ramulis, receptaculis, petiolis, foliisque subtus
hirtis, his breviter petiolatis, oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, acute
vel submucronato-acuminatis, indivisis trilobisque, basi leviter cor-
datis vel truncatis, serratis, ciliatisque, trinerviis et utrinque 4—6-
costulatis ; receptaculis axillaribus globosis, sessilibus, lutescenti-
setoso-hispidis.

Has. in China (Incarville apud Vahl, Barclay in Hb. Hook.)

Sp. Hb. cit. integrifolia. ^ Pefioli 1-1, folia 10-14 cent.
longa, 41—6 supra medium lata, membranacea, supra sparse setu-
losa, pilosa. Receptacula juniora piso paullo majora

134. Ficus setosa, Blume in Bijdrag. Fl. Med. India, p, 411.
(F. setifera, Steud. Nomencl.) Ramulis petiolis receptaculis fo-
liisque subtus in nervis hispidulo-setosis, his breviter petiolatis e
basi truncata vel leviter concava, subpanduræformi-oblongis et
supra medium trilobis, serratis, supra setuloso-scabriusculis, sub-
tus molliter pubescentibus; receptaculis axillaribus, globosis, seto-
sis; basi 3-bracteatis, vel bracteis glabriusculis, occlusis.

Has. Javam (Blume, Zolling., n. 208 !)

Petioli 1-1, folia 12-14 cent. longa, alia integra, lateribus
panduræformi-sinuats, pleraque vero simul triloba, lobo medio
lateralibus duplo longiore atque latiore. a:

Hujus loci verisimiliter F. hirte specimen e Java, a Vahlio

commemoratum.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 457

135. Ficus Reinwardti, Link et Otto, Icon. Rar. X. p. 6. tab.
91. (F. fulva, Reinw. in Blum. Bijdr. p. 478 haud Sprengel.)

Has. Javam. (Blum. in Zoll. n. 651 !)

Forma integrifolia adest, verisimiliter species distincta.

136. Ficus Malabarica, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, foliisque
utrinque “in nervis primariis appresse subsericeo-hirtellis ; foliis
breviter petiolatis, supra medium trilobis, basi attenuatis vel acuto-
integerrimis, lobis sinu lato diremtis, obtusiuscule acuminatis, in-
tegerrimis vel serrulatis, coriaceis supra levibus, nitidis, subtus
pallidioribus, subscabriuscule pubescentibus, utrinque 10-12-
costulatis, stipulis elongato-lanceolatis, dorso . sericeo-villosis;
receptaculis axillaribus, sessilibus, globosis, pubescentibus, basi
iribracteatis.

Has. Malabariam, Courtallum. (Wight in Hb. Arnott.)

Folia 20-30 cent. longa, coriacea, lobo medio latissimo. Petioli
1-11 cent. longi; receptacula cerasi magn.

Observ. E præcedentium affinitate videtur Lewkosyke Javanica
Moritzi System. Verzeichniss der von H. Zollinger in Java ges.
Pflanzen, p. 76, cujus characteres eo loco conferendi.—Num
stigma sessile dictum revera tale ?

Has. in Java (Zoll. n. 692, a me non visum).

Species quoad. sectionem dubia,
a me nondum vise.

137. Ficus cornifolia, Kth.-et Bouch. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol.
1846, p. 19. (F. javanica, Blume in H. Berol. 1844; F. coarc-
tata, H. Berol) ^Glabra; ramulis rectiusculis, subtrigonis ;
foliis longiuscule petiolatis, obovato-oblongis, acuminatis, basi ro-
tundatis, leviter cordatis, trinerviis, integerrimis, nervis primariis
remotis costaque subtus prominentibus, membranaceis, pellucido-
punctulatis et reticulatis, supra satiate viridibus opacis, subtus
letioribus ; gemmis terminalibus conico-subulatis rectis; recepta-
culis axillaribus solitariis longe pedunculatis subglobosis."

e Has. Java?

“Folia 61-6} pollicaria, 36-38 lin. lata. Petioli 1-14 pol-

licares." -

458 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM.

138. Ficus myxefolia, Kth. et Bouch. l. e. p. 18. “RBamulis
rectis, teretibus, ad nodos sericeo-pilosiusculis; foliis longe petio-
latis, subrotundo-ellipticis, apice acutis vel cum basi rotundatis,
leviter cordatis, quinquenerviis, integerrimis, nervis primariis re-
motis, costaque subtus prominentibus, membranaceis, pellucido-
punctulatis, supra opacis, glabris, nigro-punctatis, subtus pallidi-
oribus, junioribus ad nervos pilosiusculis; gemmis terminalibus
conico-acuminatis, sericeo-pilosis, receptaculis. ....... 2

Has. P

“ Folia 7 poll. longa, 53 lata. Petzoli 34 poll."

/

VI. CoverzrA, Gasparr. Nov. Gen. p. 10 (1844). Ricerche, p.
85, tab. viii, fig. 36-42. — (Sycomorphe, Mig. in Ann. des Se. Nat.
3 ème Sér. tom. I. Janv.)

Flores in receptaculo turbinato vel subgloboso-turbinato, mo-
noici vel dioici, ebracteolati. Fem. nudi vel serius perigonio mi- -
nuto, 3-5-partito instructi. .Ovariwm obovatum vel dimidio-obo-
vatum lenticulari-compressum; s¢y/o primum subterminali, dein
laterali; stigmate tubuloso-infundibuliformi vel oblique truncato.
Mase. in superiore receptaculi parte infra bracteas pauci, monan-
dri, perigonio tripartito

Frutices arboresve Indici, foliis oppositis aut alternis integris,
serratis, dentatis vel integerrimis, scabro-pubescentibus vel glabris,
in quibusdam deciduis; receptaculis pedunculatis axillaribus geminis
vel solitariis, sepe supra ramos aphyllos e trunco vel ad radicem
protrusos aphyllos bracteatos rameosis, turbinato-rapiformi-costatis
aut fere globoso-turbinatis, basi bracteis 8 verticellatis vel irregu-
lariter spiraliter dispositis, similibusque haud raro in pedunculo et
receptaculi superficie dispositis; ore depresso vel prominente, brac-
teis pluriserialibus imbricatis oeclusis, adultiore setate vulgo
superne dilatatis concavatis, perpendiculariter costatis, verrucosis,
hispidis, pubescentibus vel glabris, intus sub ore bracteis pluribus
arcte imbricatis, ezeterum prorsus nudis vel inter flores puberulis ;
floribus (in sicco) fuscescentibus minutis, quandoque oculum fugi- e
entibus, densis, ob minutiem receptaculum raro implentibus, sed
ejus superficiem internam tantum obducentibus ; stigmatibus juni-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 459

oribus (lutescentibus) pallidis, ample hiantibus, provectiore ætate
extenuatis; s/ylis initio glabris, provectioribus, haud raro patentim
pilosis; acheniis globosis brunneis, gynophoro longo vel fere nullo
sustentis, et nunc receptaculum implentibus, epicarpio tenuissimo
sicco.

Observ. Generis characteres certi ac faciles; foliorum forma
varia, inflorescentia plerumque Sycomori, habitus Ficuum.

Nomen a me antea datum Gasparriniano postpono, cum hic auc-
tor magis accurate generis characteres exposuerit, et analysibus
ilustraverit. Attamen adjectis nunc pluribus speciebus characte-
rem genericum ex unica Ficu oppositifolia derivatum mutare de-
bui. Cl. Gasp. stigma etiam setate nimis provecta investigabat.

$ 1. Folia alterna, basi inequalia, serrata
vel dentata, scabra.

1. Covellia Cunia. (Ficus Cunia, Buch. in Roxb. L. c. p. 561.
Wight, Icones, tab. 648. F. conglomerata, Wall. List, n. 4531,
partim, hand Roxb.; specimina rec. pedunculatis huc referenda.)

Has. Nepal (Buchan. l. c.); Raymul, Nepalia, Toong Dang,
Moolmyne et ad rupes Phane (Wall.! partim ad Seq.) ; Bengalia
et ex Horto Caleutt. (Hb. Hook.)

Stigma in icone citata haud accurate pictum.

2. Covellia conglomerata. (F. conglomerata, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
l. c. p. 559. Wight, Icon. tab. 669. Wallich, l. c. partim.)

Dignoscitur, przeter alia, foliis brevioribus et recept. sessilibus
à precedenti.

Has. Chittagong. (Roxb.—partim huc loci nat. ad praeced. ex
Wall. laudati.)

3. Covellia inequaliloba, n. sp. Foliis basi valde inzquali semi.
cordatis lanceolatis attenuato-acuminatis, repando-acute-denticu-
latis, supra asperis (in sicco fuscescentibus), subtus petiolo, ramu-
lis, et nervo medio supra scabro-puberulis, stipulis petiolaribus
geminis lanceolatis membranaceis puberulis, deciduis, ........

Has. Mergui (Griffith! Hb. Hook.)

Folia subtus ochracea, 20-24 cent. longa; wefiolus 1 cent.

VOL. VII, 3 H

460 , PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

Lobus baseos rotundato-quadrangularis, petiolum multo superans.
Præcedentibus alioquin adeo similis, ut de genere equidem nullum
dubium.

4. Covellia cyrtophylla. (F. cyrtophylla, Wall. List. n. 4532.)
Scaberrima ; foliis alternis breviter petiolatis, oblongis sub-dimidi-
ato-inæquilateris, acuminatis, basi valde inæquali dimidiato-corda-
tis, repando-dentatis, junioribus sursum subserratis, bi- vel tri-
. nerviis et utrinque 3—4-costatis, supra aspero-punctatis, subtus
ramulis, petiolis, receptaculisque scaberrime pubescentibus; recep-
taculis axillaribus, geminis vel supra ramulos subaphyllos, racemo-
sis, pedunculatis, turbinato-globosis.

Has. Set. (Wall. 1. c.)

Pubescentia et habitu C. oppositifoliam et C. scabram æmalat. —
Receptacula basi bracteis 3 fugacibus, parvis, puberulis et circa
orificium subpervium, bracteis exiguis pubescentibus obvallata.
Flores prorsus nudi, feminei; ovarium gynophoro sustentum di-
midiatum compressum fuscum, séylo brevi, stigmate tubuloso-in-
fundibuliformi. Vidi paucos fl. mase. in sup. parte receptaculi
tripartitos monandros inter bracteas supremas latentes.

5. Covellia dasycaula. F. obscura, Blume, Bydrag. p. — teste
Moritzi ad Zolling. Pl. Jav. exsice. n. 578). Ramulis petio-
lisque (aurantiaco-) tomentellis; foliis alternis oblongis, acumi-
natis vel obtusatis, haud valde inæquilateris, basi inæquali subcor-
datis, subdentato-serratis, trinerviis et utrinque 7-costulatis et
molliter pubescentibus, supra asperis inque nervis pilosulis; re-
ceptaculis (axillaribus) pedunculatis, turbinato-globosis in stipitem
constrictis, pubescentibus.

Has. Javam (Zoll. ! in Hb. Hook.) -

Rami leves, glabri. Petioli + cent. longi. Folia 16-20 cent.
longa, 7-81 lata, acumine et serraturis ætate deliquescentibus ob-
tusata et fere integerrima, basi haud valde inzequalia. Pedunculi
1-2 cent. longi; receptacula juniora ima basi minute bracteata,
magnitudine nuclei cerasorum.

6. Covellia Zollingeriana, n. sp. (haud F, coronata, Reinw.—
Bl.—ut opinatur cl. Moritzi, l. c. ad n. 532* qui male etiam F.
cyrtophyllam, Wall. huc ducit). Ramulis foliisque subtus in ner-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 461

vis sparse, receptaculis et petiolis paullo densius pubescentibus ;
foliis membranaceis, supra sublævibus, nascentibus rarissimis pilis
inspersis, inequilateris, oblongis abrupte angusteque acuminatis,
basi oblique rotundatis, repando-denticulatis, versus basin subin-
tegerrimis, trinerviis vel nervo in latere majore accedente 4-nerviis,
et utrinque 5—6-costulatis; receptaculis axillaribus solitariis obo-
vato-turbinatis glabrescentibus.

Has. Javam (Zolling.! l. c.)

Petioli 4-1 cent.; folis 22-25 cent. longa. Flores prorsus
nudi, feminei.

7. Covellia Barclayana, n. sp. Petiolis, pedunculis, recepta-
culis junioribus pilis teneris fugacibus inspersis; folis alternis
breviter petiolatis inæquilatero-ellipticis, attenuato-subacuminatis ;
acumine lato obtuso, basi inzequali subcordatis, denticulato-repan-
dis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter 5-venuloso-costulatis, supra gla-
bris levibus, subtus pallidis sublzevibus rarissimis hic illie pilis in-
spersis; receptaculis axillaribus (solitariis) pedunculatis ovatis
dein globosis, basi nudis, bracteis parvis supra pedunculum spar-
sis. (Tab. VIL. B.)

Has. Nukalan, Feejee Islands. (Barclay! in Hb. Hook. “Ficus
aspera,” Forst., quæ diversa.)

Flores feminei prorsus nudi. Stylus patentim pilosus, longus.

Tab. VII. B. Covellia Barclayana, n. m. a—e, pistilla varia
diverse cetatis.

§ 2. Folia opposita, scabra, serrata, vel dentata.
* Omnia opposita. i

8. Covellia oppositifolia, Gasp. l. c. p. 85. (Sycomorphe, Rox-
burghii Miq. l. c. F. oppositifolia, Willd. sp. IV. p. 1151.
Roxb. Coromand. IT. n. 124. Flor. Ind. l. c. p. 561. Wight, Icon.
tab. 638. F. scabra (?), Jacq. —— ? F. toxicaria, Hb. Madr.)

Has. in Ind. or. contin. ad rivulos et locis humidis, cirea Cal-
cuttam (Roxb.); variis locis Bengaliz (Hb. Hook. !)

Folia subtus in axillis glandulosa, magnitudine forma et indu-
mento valde variant.

3H2

462 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIZ FICUUM.

9. Corgllia hispida. (F. hispida, Linn. fiL Suppl. p. 442;
Thunb. Fic. n. 24; Vahl, Enum. IL. p. 198.) Ramis glabriuscu-
lis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis brevi-acuminatis, basi leviter
excisis vel subcordatis, quandoque repando-serrulatis, trinerviis et
utrinque 4—5-costatis, supra asperulis, subtus pellucidis scabro-
puberulis; receptaculis axillaribus et racemosis, villoso-hispidis,
basi tribracteatis.

Has. Java (Thunb. l. c. Zolling. n. 280!)

Immerito a plerisque auctoribus eum C. oppositifolia conjuncta;
foliis subtus tantum puberulis; receptaculis ipsaque florum struc-
tura distinguenda.

10. Covellia setulosa, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis junioribus,
nervoque medio subtus setulis fuscis nitidis appressis instructis ;
foliis oppositis modice petiolatis oblongis anguste acuminatis sub-
æquilateris basi æquali leviter emarginatis versus eam leviter at-
tenuatis integerrimis, sursum repando-serrulatis, ` serius integerri-
mis, submembranaceis, supra nitidis preter nervum medium gla-
bris, subtus scabriuscule puberulis ad lentem punctatis, trinerviis
costulisque utrinque circiter 6; receptaculis ad ramos aphyllos op-
positos solitariis et geminis ex axillis bractearum triangulari-lance-
olatarum, dorso hirtellarum, pedunculis globosis, basi tribracteatis,
pubescentibus, zetate glabratis, floribus nudis.

Has. Ind. or. (Wight, n. 17!)

Petioli 13—3, folia 18-19 cent. longa, 64—74 lata.

ll. Covellia demonum. (F. dæmona, Komig MSS. in Roxb.
Fl. Ind. l. c. p. 462. Wight, Icon. II. tab. 641. Ficus
Demonum, Vahl, Enum. II. p. 198 vix Roth.) Ramulis, petiolis,
foliisque subtus in nervis, supra parce setuloso-hirtellis; foliis op-
positis elliptico- vel subobovato-oblongis, acuminatis, æquilateris,
basi obtusiusculis, obtuse dentatis 3-nerviis et utrinque 3—4-cos-
tulatis, demum scabriusculis subtus ad lentem punctatis. (Sec. sp.
Wight.)

Has. Tanjore, locis maritimis (Roxb.); i5id. (Wight! 1836,
943.) Species hzc cum icone cit. melius quam cum Roxb. des-
criptione congruit. C. hispidæ accedit.

Petioli 2 cent., folia 16-18 cent. longa, membranacea. *

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 463

Ejusdem forma major; folis 28 cent. longis; receptaculis sub-
globosis pubescentibus.

Has. Courtallum, (Wight! Hb. Arnott).

Observ. Ad hane vel sequentem F. Goolereea, Roxb. L c. p.
538, paucis verbis tantum descripta accedere videtur.

12. Covellia Courtallensis, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, foliisque
subtus in nervis pilis fuscis setulosis nitidis appressissimis sericeo-
hirtellis; foliis oppositis ovato- vel elliptico-oblongis, acutis (?),
basi leviter cordatis, æquilateris, apice serrulatis vel integerrimis,
trinerviis costulisque utrinque 3—4 patule adscendentibus, crebro-
reticulatis, subscabro-pubescentibus, sub pilorum insertione eleva-
to-punctatis, supra nitidis glabris; ramis receptaculiferis nudis,
elongatis, (terrze immersis,) racemosis, ramulis quasi dentato-annu-
latis; receptaculis breviter pedunculatis turbinatis, pubescentibus.

Has. Courtallum, (Wight, n. 944)

Species spectabilis. Folia 25 cent.—Huc forsan Perin Tere-
gam, Rheede Mal. III. tab. 61; nisi folia in icone alterna picta
essent.

13. Covellia Wightiana, n. sp. Ramulis fistulosis, petiolis foliis-
que, subtus in nervis primariis pilis setulosis basi tumidulis, appres-
sis, subhirtellis; foliis oppositis, longe petiolatis (petiolis cujusvis
jugi inæqualibus), ovato-oblongis, ovatisque acuminatis æqui-
lateris, basi rotundatis, trinerviis et utrinque 4-5-costulatis, sub-
tus reticulatis, serrulato-denticulatis, membranaceis, supra raris
setulis inspersis sublævibus; receptaculis axillaribus vel supra ra-
mulos subaphyllos dispositis subglobosis, pedunculatis, basi nudis
vel irregulariter bracteatis puberulis.

Has. Ind. or. (Wight! 1. c.)

Prope C. Courtallensem. Petioli 5-13, folia 25-32 cent.
longa. Flores fem. nudi.

* Folia opposita et simul alterna.

14. Covellia congesta. (F. congesta, Roxb. l. c. p. 560. Wight,
Icon. t. 644. Wallich List, n. 4510. Sycocarpi sp. mihi olim 1. c.
Stigma a Roxb. male sessile dictum.)

Has. in Amboina, in H. Caleutt. introducta.

464 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIA FICUUM.

15. Covellia Volkameriæfolia. Y. Volkameriæfolia, Wall. n.
4549. F. cuneifolia, Hook. Herb.) Glabriuscula; foliis oppo-
sitis et alternis modice petiolatis, subcoriaceis, subovato- vel lance-
olato-oblongis acuminatis vel acutis, versus basin attenuatis, utrin-
que 6—8-costatis, subtus fugaci-puberulis, supra in nervo medio
subhirtellis, stipulis lanceolatis carinatis, glabris; receptaculis ax-
illaribus subsessilibus, basi bracteatis subgloboso-turbinatis, ver-
tice depressis, intus sub ore bracteatis, cæterum nudis.

Has. Penang. (Wall. l. c!)

Præcedenti similis. — Pefioli 1-14, folia 12-18 cent. longa.

Tab. VITI. 4. Covelliu Volkameriefolia, cum recept. a. n. m.;
b, fl. fem. cum 2 nanis appositis; c, d, fl. fem. alii sessiles a ven-
tre et latere; e, stigma; ommes a. m.

16. Covellia rapiformis. (F. rapiformis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. c. p.
551. Wight, Icon. tab. 637.) `

Has. Amboina; in H. Calcutt. introducta.

17. Covellia Assamica,n. sp. Ramis petiolis, pedunculis, foliis-
que presertim subtus scabro pubescentibus, his modice petiolatis
alternis vel superioribus omnibus oppositis lanceolato-oblongis vel
sublanceolatis attenuatis, apice ipso acuto vel obtusiusculo, æqui-
lateris, basi acutis, sursum denticulato-repandis vel fere integerri-
mis, utrinque 5—6-costulatis, subcoriaceis, supra setulis sparsis
verruculisque aspero-scabris, subtus pallidis, reticulatis, punctu-
latis; receptaculis axillaribus pedunculatis, solitariis, subglobosis,
obsolete costulatis.

Has. Assam. (Hb. Hook!)

Petioli 1-4, folia 7-14 cent. longa.

Observ. F. laminosa, Harder. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. III. p. 531,
breviter descripta, omnino Cove//ie species videtur, Auie vel C.
Volkam. affinis. (Conf. Asiat. Researches, VI. p. 379.)

$ 3. Folia alterna, latiuscula, equalia,
serrulata, vel dentata.

18. Covellia dasycarpa. Ramulis scabro-puberulis, foliis alter-
nis oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, breviter acuminatis, basi subæ-
quali vel æquali rotundatis vel leviter excisis, obtuse dentatis tri-
nerviis et utrinque 4—5-costulatis, supra sparse scabriuscule pube-

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 465

rulis dein asperiusculis, subtus molliter incano-pubescentibus et
reticulatis; receptaculis supra ramos breves e basi ramorum pro-
trusos bracteisque latis vel lanceolatis, appresse hirtis dense im-
bricatis, tectos conferte racemosis obovato-turbinatis dense tomen-
tosis basi vulgo minute tribracteatis, pedunculatis.

Has. “on the trunks of water-courses and other moist soil;”
Ind. orient. (Hb. Hook! *F. repens.")

Petioli 1-3 cent. longi. Folia 10-14 cent. bas 5-8 lata;
glandula viridis subtus hic illic in axillis. Receptacula cerasi
magnitudine, fere uti in C. oppositifolia, ore bracteis obvallato.
Flores nudi; ali basi perigonit rudimento instructi. Stylus fere
nullus, séjgmate tubuloso-hiante. Achenia pedicellata, globosa,
fusca, nitida.

19. Covellia macrophylla. (F. macrophylla, Roxb. 1. e. p. 556.
Wight, Icon. tab. 673; haud alior. auct. ; F. Roxburghii,
Wall. cat.)

Has. Nepaliam, Silhet, Chittagong; v. s. ex H. Calcutt.

20. Covellia racemifera. (F. racemifera, Roxb. l. c. p. 560.
Wight, Icon. tab. 639.)

Has. in Sumatra, in H. Caleutt. introducta.

§ 4. Folia alterna, angusta; receptacula
sepe racemosa.

* Hee turbinata.

21. Covellia glomerata. F. glomerata, Willd. Sp. IV. p. 1148.
Roxb. Pl. Coromand. II. tab. 123. Flor. Ind. l. c. p. 558.
Wight, Icon. tab. 667.)

Has. locis humidis India orient. (Roxb.— Wight.)

22. Covellia lanceolata. (F. lanceolata. Buch. in Roxb. l. c. p.
557. Wight, Icon. tab. 645.)

Has. Chittagong (Dr. Buchanan, l. c. ); Ind. orient (Abel!
in Hb. Hook.)

23. Covellia prostrata. (F. ENS Wall. List, n. 4536.)
Glabra; foliis lanceolatis vel lanceolato-oblongis, acute longiuscule
acuminatis membranaceis, integerrimis, utrinque circiter 10-costu-
latis, versus basin subinæquilateris, subtus fuscescentibus; recep-

.

466 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

taculis supra ramulos aphyllos racemosis, geminis, pedunculatis,
ex axillis bractearum lanceolatarum, basi bracteis 3 concavo-
carinatis.

Has. Goalpara (Wall.!); in Bengalia (Hb. Hook.!)

Petioli 1-2, folia 14-18 cent. longa. Perigonium fl. fem.
distinctum.
** Receptacula subglobosa, levia.

24. Covellia cuneata, n. sp. Ramis, petiolis, inflorescentia,
receptaculis, foliisque subtus in nervis appresse puberulo-hirtellis,
glabrescentibus; foliis breviter petiolatis, obovato- vel rhombeo-
oblongis acuminatis, basi cuneatis, præsertim sursum crenulato-
repandis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter 5-venosis; receptaculis
supra ramulos aphyllos paniculatis globoso-turbinatis, basi bracteis,
8 ellipticis dense pilosis, suffultis, intus dense setulosis.

Has. Ins. Philippinas. (Cuming, n. 1938!)

Tas. VILL B. C. cuneata, ramulus cum infl. a,n.m.; 4, fl.
masc. cum perigonio; €, stamen; d, fl. fem. nudi; omnes a. m.

25. Covellia microcarpa, m. sp. Foliis breviter petiolatis, ob-
longo-lanceolatis, longiuscule acuminatis, basi cuneatis parum in-
æquilateris, sursum repandis, membranaceis, petiolis nervoque
medio subtus parce appresse pilosulo; receptaculis supra ramulos
aphyllos fugaciter bracteatos puberulos paniculatos dispositis sub-
fasciculatis, breviter pedunculatis, basi bracteatis, globoso-turbi-
natis, obsolete costulatis.

Has. Ins. Philippinas. (Cuming! n. 1939.)

Accedit etiam ad C. Volkameriafoliam et prostratam. Folia
9-14 cent. longa.

Tas. IX. 4. C. microcarpa, cum infl. a, a. m.; 6, fl. fem.; c,
diagramma, a. m.

96. Covellia mollis, n. sp. Foliis alternis vel summis suboppo-
sitis, modice petiolatis, lanceolato-oblongis oblongisve utrinque
acutiusculis vel basi subobtusis, integerrimis vel repandis membra-
naceis trinerviis et utrinque venosis, presertim subtus; ramulis,
petiolis, pedunculis, receptaculisque molliter pubescentibus, supra
glabriusculis; receptaculis solitariis vel geminis subturbinatis basi
minute bracteatis.

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIE FICUUM. 467

Has. Javam. (Zolling. n. 573! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli dense hirto-pubescentes 24-1, folia 14-18 cent. longa.

27. Covellia paniculata, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, foliisque `
subtus in nervis appresse hirtellis; his breviter petiolatis, plerum-
que inæquilateris oblongis ellipticisve longe acuminatis, basi sub-
æquali acutiusculis, versus apicem crenulato-repandis, utrinque
glandulose punctulatis, 6-8 venulosis; receptaculis pedunculatis
supra ramos aphyllos geminato- vel fasciculato-racemosis; racemis
paniculatim dispositis; fl. femineis basi perigonio tubuloso vagi-
natis, stylo piloso.

Has. in Java (Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 2-5 mm., folia 8-12 cent. longa.

§ 5. Species a congeneribus recedens.

98. Covellia Webbiana, n. sp. Ramulis, petiolis, pedunculis
puberulis; foliis alternis versus ramulorum apices confertis modice
petiolatis, lanceolatis, vel cuneato-lanceolatis, attenuato-obtusis
vel retusis subcoriaceis integerrimis, margine subundulatis, supra
glabris levibus, subtus fuscescentibus, sub lente punctulatis; re-
ceptaculis axillaribus geminis (P) breviter pedunculatis subgloboso-
turbinatis, glabris, basi in stipitem brevem pedunculum æquantem
constrictis, basi bracteis 3 membranaceis puberulis sustentis, ore -
umbilicato marginatis.

Has. Austro-Caledoniam (Webb! in Hb. Hook.)

Petioli 1-14 cent., folia 6-12 longa. Genitalia nondum bene
nota.

§ 6. Species receptaculo extus bracteis adnatis
sparse-squamato insignis. |

29. Covellia Grifithii, n. sp. Ramis laxis repentibus, ramulis
tenerrime puberulis ; foliis alternis longe petiolatis oblongis vel obo-
vato-oblongis subacuminatis, basi truncatis vel subemarginatis,
subinzquilateris, grosse serrato-dentatis, tenuiter membranaceis,
utrinque in nervis petioloque appresse hirtellis, subtus pallidis et
minute punctulatis vix asperulis; receptaculis axillaribus pedun-
culatis obovato-turbinatis, basi stipitato-constrictis, 3-bracteatis,

VOL. VII. 31

468 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

obsolete costulatis et ubique bracteis obtusis crassis dein tubercu-
liformibus subsquamosis, apicem versus densioribus, tenere
puberulis.

Has. Mergui. (Griffith! n. 1143 in Hb. Hook.)

Species admodum singularis, a genere autem non separanda.
Stirps videtur seandens vel repens, ramis fistulosis teretibus fuseis
striatulis, ramulis tenere puberulis. Folia dissita, petiolis tenui-
bus 3-5 cent. longis sustenta, trinervia et utrinque paucis costulis
venosis instructa, haud perspicue reticulata, 10-15 cent. longa,
5-8 lata. Séipule membranacez diutius persistentes lanceolate
acuminate subglabræ 5-8 mm. longe. Peduneulus À cent. vix
æquans. Receptaculum 1 cent. paullo superans, ob bracteas ad-
natas singulare, pariete tenui, intus sub ore bracteis fusculis occlu-
sum, cæterum nudum. Z7. fem. nudi, ovarium gynophoro susten-
tum dimidiato-ovatum, s/j/o brevi, stigmate tubuloso. Achenia
globosa stipitata vel sessilia, basi perigonio tubuloso instructa (?).

§ 7. Cystogyne. (Cystogyne, Gasp. Nov. Gen. p. 8. Ricerch.
p. 84. tab. VIII.) Perigonium floris fem. monophyllum in mo-
dum vesicæ pistillum obducens, dein lateraliter dehiscens.

30. Covellia venosa. (F. venosa, Willd. H. Berol. p. 36. tab.
36, haud Ait. F. leucantatoma, Poir. Enc. F. leucotoma, R. et
S. vol. I. p. 501. F. leucosticta, Spr. Syst. Cystogyne leucosticta,
Gasp. l. ¢.)-

Has. Ind. or.—In sp. culto H. Amstel. video perig. fl. fem.
nullum.

Species in genere dubia.

31. Covellia (?) costata, n. sp. Glabra; foliis alternis oblongo-
ovatis æquilateris, obtuso-acuminatis, basi cordatis, sinu lobisque
rotundatis, subintegerrimis, trinerviis et utrinque circiter 12-cos-
tatis, nervo costisque patulis (in sieco) rubescentibus prominenti-
bus vix reticulatis, mox sub lente subpuberulis, mox glaberrimis,
stipulis lanceolatis glabris; receptaculis axillaribus pedunculatis
globosis basi 3-bracteatis. puberulis.

Has. Ind. orient. contin. (n. 872. Hb. Wight !)

PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM. 469

An Urostigma? Petioli semiteretes 2-4 cent., folia 25 longa,
13-14 lata.

Observ. Hujus generis videntur: F. squamosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind.
LII. p. 531, ex Rohileund Yndiæ, a cl. auctore brevius descripta,
hujus generis vel vera Ficus. F. costata, Ait, Hort. Kew. III. p.
452.—Num cum Cov. macrophylla conjungenda? an cum Cor.
leuconeura? F. racemosa, Linn. Syst. Veg. p. 922. Vahl, Enum.
II. p. 188. Atty-Alow, Rheede, Malab. I. p. 43. tab. 25.

F. auriculata, Lourier, Fl. Cochinch. IT. p. 666.

Has. in Cochinchina (Low.); hujus pin videtur propter
receptaculorum situm.

VIL. Synecia. Flores in receptaculo pyriformi vel stipitato-
ovato ebracteolati, prorsus nudi, monoici, mieti. Stamina pistillis
interposita, pro singulo pistillo circiter 3—4, filamentis brevissimis,
antheris linearibus vel elongato-ellipticis, longis, bilocularibus,
connectivo tenui, loculis antice confluentibus, rimis lateralibus.
Ovarium sessile dimidiatum compressum; s/ylo laterali, in stigma
longum inæqualiter bicrure vel fere simplex terminato, cruribus
filiformibus albis intus submuriculatis. Achenia (magna) dimidi-
ato-orbicularia vel semilunaria lenticulari-compressa.— "uices
indici humiles erecti vel alte scandentes, foliis alternis obovatis
vel ellipticis cuneatisve, integerrimis glabris vel glabriusculis,
levibus, receptaculis vel axillaribus vel lateralibus basi tribracte-
atis, ore bracteis imbricatis occluso, intus sub ore éracteis parvis
carnosis, cæterum preter pilos minutissimos paucos in unà specie -
obvios, prorsus nudis, maturis, aurantiacis, pulposo-mollibus.
Flores in 8. diversifolia presertim in inferiore + receptaculi parte
pauci dissiti, in S. falcata quam confertissimi, numerosissimi,
utrinque sexus organis adeo mixtis uti dubium fere sit, num fl.
monoici vel hermaphroditi statuendi sint. In 8. divers. herma-
phroditi fere videntur, cum non solum 3—4 stamina singulo-ovario

"eireumposita videantur, sed in sup. receptaculi parte flores abortivi
adsint, in quibus stamina 2-3 basi in stipitem connata rudimen-
tum pistilli inter sese includunt.—Anthere succulentæ rubescentes,

312

470 PRODROMUS MONOGRAPHIÆ FICUUM.

serius aurantiacæ, apice rubro-maculatæ, utrinque parvis pilis
instructæ.

Pre reliquis hoc genus ad Dorsteniam accedit, si ad flores
prorsus nudos respicias.

1. Synecia diversifolia. (Ficus diversif. Blume Bijdrag. l. c.)
Foliis dilatatis subtriangulariter obovatis, basi cuneato-acutis,
receptaculis solitariis et geminis preter bracteas ciliolatas glabris
pedunculis tenerrime puberulis. (Tas. IX. A.) Java (BL, v.
v. in Hort. Amst. e Java introduct, et s. a cl. Lobb lect. in Hb.
Hook.) Frutieulus sempervirens et semperflorens. Folia alterna
breviter petiolata, coriacea, saturate viridia 2-3 cent. longa, apice
rotundato, truncato vel fere retuso, nervo medio bifido subtus
reticulato-ramoso. Stipulæ lanceolate. Pedunculi 14 cent. longi
tenues viridescentes tenerrime puberuli. Receptacula suburceo-
lata vel pyriformi-turbinata, 11-14 cent. longa glabra, nascentia
viridia carnosa, adulta aurantiaco-flavida, pulposa, basi dracteis 3
ciliolatis latis appressissimis sustenta, ore similibus paucis occlusa,
mtus in vertice bracteis carnoso-succulentis obtusis instructa,
cæterum preter pilos tenerrimos nuda levia. Pores pauci, circi-
ter octo dissiti. Ovarium dilute viridescens, stylus albidus.
Stigmatis crura valde inzequalia tenerrima. Ovulum unicum pari-
eti styligere appensum, serius fuscescens. Anthere succulentæ,
in nullo flore hiantes, loculis connectivo plano concoloribus. Aw-
dimenta florum abortivorum in sup. receptaculi parte pauca, stipi-
tata, viridula, antheris abortivis semiglobosis vertice rubicundis.
Achenia obliqua obovato-clavata, vel qusedam (fertilia P) semilu-
nata magna viridescentia coriacea. In sp. culto folia duplo majora
et magis dilatata, reliqua autem omnia congrua.

Tas. IX. B. Synecia diversifolia, Mig. n. m.

2. Synœcia falcata. (Ficus falcata, Thunb. diss. Fic. p. 5. F.
macrocarpa, Blum. Bijdrag. p. 459.) Repens radicans, ramis gra-
cilibus ramulisque junioribus puberulis, foliis breviter petiolatis
(petiolis glabriusculis vel subpuberulis) dimidiato-oblongis obtu-
sis integerrimis uninerviis et tenere patule subvenulosis, glabris, ©
levibus subtus punctulatis, receptaculis magnis ad ramos laterali-
bus (?) ovato-globosis in stipitem basi tribracteatum abrupte con-

ON SOME NEW CHINESE PLANTS. 471

strictis cæterum subsessilibus, apice subattenuato bracteis exiguis
clauso, puberulis glabrescentibus.

Has. Java (Lobb! in Hb. Hook.)

Caulis digitum minorem crassus angulosus cortice pallido levigato.
Rami elongati graciles, ramuli breves fere pinnatim dispositi, pefío- `
lique (breves 1-2 mm. longi) ferrugineo-puberulo-hirtelli. Folia 21
—3+ cent. longa, latere uno convexo, altero concavo vel recto, basi
bi- vel sub-trinervia et venulis 2-4 utrinque subprominulis in-
structa, 6-10 mm. supra medium lata, nitida. Stipule geminæ
parvæ fuscæ glabræ lanceolate. Receptacula (florentia) 4-5 cent.
longa, ovata apice subattenuata, in stipitem 2-23 cent. longum
basi óracteatum constricta, pedunculo genuino fere nullo. Flores
quam maxime densi, prorsus nudi, parieti levissimo et glaber-
rimo inserti, pistilla scil. et stamina mixta, quorum dispositionis
norma erui nequit. Plura stamina ad unum pistillum pertinere,
e majori illorum numero concluderem. Filamenta brevissima —
plana, anthere lineares longe fuscæ glabræ, connectivo angusto,
loculis tenuissimis antice subconfluentibus. Ovarium sessile par-
vum dimidiato-ovatum compressum uniovulatum, s/7/o longo, stig-
mate albido filiformi, uni- vel inæqualiter bicruri.

Thunbergii descriptio bene quadrat. Vahdius autem (Enum.
IL. p. 189) caules glabros dicit, quare ejus synonymon dubium
videri posset.

Varietas glabrior ; foliis brevioribus paulo latioribus basique
extrorsum magis productis. Ficus stipulata, Thunb? Wallich n.
4574.

Has. Penang.

Tas. XI. Synæcia falcata, Mig. n. m.

(To be continued.)

*

On some new Chinese Plants; By H. E. Hance, Eso.

Dr. Lindley has obligingly handed to us the following notes
on some new or little known Chinese Plants, from the pen of a
gentleman resident at Hong-Kong, and who we trust will do
much to advance our knowledge of Chinese Botany.

472 ON SOME NEW CHINESE PLANTS.

STROPHANTHUS DIVERGENS, Grah.

Obs. Folliculi ovati, obtusiusculi supernè plani, demüm lignosi.
Semina oblonga compressa, coma reliquo semine quadruple lon-
giore, apicem fructüs spectante.

Dranraus Morristt ;

Caulibus decumbentibus ramosis paniculatis paucifloris, floribus
subgeminatis squamis calycinis senis ovatis acuminatis calyce
triplo brevioribus, petalis fimbriatis tubo calyce duplo brevioribus,
foliis lanceolato-subulatis.

Has. in arenis insule Lintin legit clar. Morris—Flores vio-
lacei (odori ?).

D. fragranti, Bieb. valdè affinis. (v. v. sp.)

Exacum ($ PsEUDOCHIRONIA) BELLUM ;

Caule tetraptero subsimplici, foliis sessilibus ovatis acuminatis
3-nerviis margine levibus, calycis 4-partiti segmentis ovatis acu-
minatis subalatis, corollæ cœruleæ tubo calyce incluso lobis rhom-
boideo-ellipticis tubo plus triplo longioribus.

Has. ? in insulà Hong-Kong Sinensium ad cacumina mon-
tium. Fl. Aug—Oct.— Herba erecta pedalis. Folia 3—1 poll.
longa. Floris diameter pollicaris. Corolla siccitate lutescens.

.... Capsula erecta, ovoideo-subglobosa.

Erota, Adans. (Pursh). [char. emend.]

Sepala 5 persistentia subæqualia imbricata. Petala 5. Sta-
mina 00; filamentis in adelphiis 3 penicilliformibus altissimé coa-
litis. Glandule calceoliformes adelphiis alternantes. Styli 3

Capsula 3-locularis maturitate tegumentis floralibus cincta. Semina
12-16 samariformia.

Eropza CHinensis ; *

Caule erecto, ramis teretibus glabris purpurascentibus, foliis
elliptico-lanceolatis oblongisve acutis basi in petiolum brevem

* Probably the Ancistrolobus ligustrinus of Spach :—Hypericum Chinense, Retz.? Ed. —

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 473

angustatis nigropunctatis coriaceis, floribus axillaribus peduncu-
latis 2-4-6 Gomes sepalis ovatis obtusis, petalis oblongis
rubris.

Has. Frutex 6-8 pedalis, in insula Hong-Kong copiosissimus.

Desmopium. $ PreuroroBrum, DC. Prod. ii. 326.
* Prpropopa, DC. loc. cit.

Drsmopium ACROCARPUM 5

Caulibus adscendentibus diffusis triquetris angulis subhirsutis,
foliis ovato-lanceolatis subcordatis acuminatis marginibus venisque
hirsutis petiolo alato quintuplo vel interdum octuplo longioribus,
stipulis ovato-cordatis acuminatis scariosis leguminibus adpressé

- pubentibus apiculatis, articulis 6-9 subquadratibus.
- Has. In ins. Hong-Kong Chinensium.

Sur la Famille des Liners; par J. E. ae Docteur-ès-

Sciences.
(Continued from p. 186.)

27. L. Berlandieri, Hook. L. perenne (et primo anno florens !)
glaberrimum ; caule sæpius a basi in ramos ascendentes apice
paucidivisos soluto; foliis approximatis alternis linearibus
crassiuseulis summis seta brevi inferioribus mucrone tabescente

X apiculatis; pedicellis floridis conferte corymbosis fructiferis in à
cymas unilaterales racemiformes digestis calyci fructifero sub- =
æqualibus capsula ovata acuta 10-loculari subduplo breviori- -
bus; sepalis ovatis v. lineari-lanceolatis trinerviis aristatis
bracteisque margine glanduliferis ; floribus magnis; stylis supra `
medium connatis.

Has. in ditione Texas, Americe sept. prope Bezar; Berlandier.
—Rio Brazos; S. Felipe, Drummond ; insula Galveston, Lind-
heimer, n. 22 in Hb. Hook ; etiam in prov. Connecticut, prope
Newhaven, Oakes, Nuttall in Hb. Hook.; in Carolina sept.,
Schweinitz; et in Georgia, Dr. Botkin, fide Torr. et Gray.

474 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

L. Berlandieri, Hook. Bot. Mag. tab. 3480, (ubi sphalmate
Berendieri)—Engelm. et Gray, pl. Lindh. no. 22.

L. rigidum B (P) Berendieri, Torr. et Gray, Fl. of N. Am. I. p. 204.
Specimina quzdam constant e ramo simplici erecto, 4-5
pollicari, radici tenui continuo, apice corymbo 6—9-floro termi-
nato; alia contra e caule primario crassiusculo, e basi et supra
basim caules plures, 7—9-pollicares, ascendentes agente. Folia
majora 7—10 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata, crassiuscula. Characteribus
omnibus, si amplitudinem florum excipias, cum L. rigido infra
fusius describendo convenit, attamen facie distincta videtur.
Capsula in utraque specie basi lata; receptaculo seu melius
fructus ipsius parte basilari carnosa, stellæformi-pentagona,
angulo singulo (stelle s. pentagoni carnosi) intra interstitia
valvularum carpellorum crustaceorum locato et inde valvulas.
basi sibi invicem agglutinante; unde advenit ut si cap-
sulam aqua immerges, valvule carpellorum ab apice versus
basim dehiscentes, gradatimque divergentes, basique carnosa
tantum conjunctæ, in stelle modum expanduntur. Septa spu-
ria carpelli cujusvis completa, attamen pars dorso loculi affixa,
falciformis, crassior, septoque incompleto Linorwm fere omnium
respondens, dum pars antica columelle admota fenestramque
alterius elaudens e membrana tenuissima constat.

28. L. rigidum, Pursh.—L. glaberrimum, caule infra et supra

.. medium in ramulos plures iterum corymboso-furcatos diviso ;
ramulis pedicellisque profunde suleatis; foliis alternis crebris
erecto-patentibus linearibus apiculatis summis marginibus in-
volutis et glanduloso-serrulatis ; glandulis stipularibus 0; pedi-
cellis sub calyce leviter dilatatis; sepalis lanceolatis setaceo-
cuspidatis margine glanduliferis ; stylis fere ad apicem connatis,
capsula ovata acuta tertia parte longioribus.

Has. in ditione Missurensi a flumine Platte ad flumen Saskat-
chawan, et in California; in planitiebus elevatis secus flumen
Platte infra junctionem brachiorum forks dictorum ; Geyer, no.
169 in Hb. Hook.; secus flumen Missouri, Nutt., Dr. James
ex Torr. et Gray; secus flumen Saskatchawan, Richardson in
Hb. Hook.; California, Nutt. ex Torr. et Gray.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 475

Planta tota 4—15-pollicaris. Radix simplex, verosimiliter peren-
nans. Caulis spatio 2—6-pollicari simplex, (nisi casu abscissus,
quum ramulos fere a basi profert) teres, foliis denudatus.
Rami crebre divisi, fastigiati. Folia conspicue laxiora quam in
L. multicauli et L. hudsonioidi, patenti-erecta, internodia sem-
per superantia, longiora 2-6-pollicaria, vix 1 lin. lata, crassius-
cula, uninervia, mucronulo sepius brevissimo. Ramulorum et
pedicellorum anguli lzevissimi. Cymarum rami sæpius conferte
divisi. Pedicelli flore breviores, calycem fructiferum æquantes
v. eum duplo superantes, sub flore articulati, articulo superiore
nodiformi-prismatico, a basi ad apicem incrassato, sub calyce
in marginem pentagonum dilatato cujus anguli cum sepalorum
basibus alternant, inde quasi calyculum sub calyce efformante.
Sepala lanceolata, trinervia, nervis prominentibus, margine glan-
dulis crasse stipitatis ornata, sub fructu 2—5 lin. longa. Petala
expansa non vidi, sed flos totus illo L. Berlandieri conspi-
cue minor. Capsula et styli illis L. Berlandieri conformia. |

29. L. Bootii, Planch.—L. caule stricto brevi ramulisque crebris
sulcato-striatis ; foliis linearibus alternis; glandulis stipulari-
bus geminis; racemis subunilateralibus cymosis; sepalis lan-
ceolatis acutis capsula subglobosa vix longioribus; stylis cir-
citer ad medium concretis.

Var. a, humilior; radice exili; caule solitario ; inflorescentiis lax- _
ioribus ; floribus capsulisque majoribus. F

Var. 8, elatior; radice crassa (perenni?); caulibus geminis; in-
florescentiis Daaih capsulisque minor.

Has. in America septent.—var. a verosimiliter in Prov. confed-
eratis, D. Boot in Hb. Hook.—var. 8 in ditione Texensi prope
Houston, Lindheim.

Species characteribus et imprimis glandulis stipularibus ab omni-
bus Boreali-Americanis distinctissima, cæterum inter L. rigidum
et L. Virginianum quasi media. Priori accedit habitu, ramis
crebris fastigiatis profunde striatis, foliis margine scabris et
stylorum concretione; posteriori sepalis brevibus, capsulaque
subglobosa vix magnitudine grani Piperis nigri. Mirandum
ergo quo fato species adeo distincta præstantissimos botanicos
VOL. VII. 3 x

476 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Torreyum et Grayum fugerit; imo var. 8, quæ inter plantas
Lindheimerianas (saltem in Hb. Hook.) sub no. 118 occurrit,
in enumeratione specierum hujus collectionis a cll. Engelman-
nio et Grayo edita plane desideratur.

30. L. strictum, L.—L. perenne? (primo anno florens) glabrum ;
folis linearibus uninerviis margine et subtus secus nervum
medium scaberrimis; pedicellis ante et post anthesin erectis
(attamen ramulis inflorescentiæ ante anthesin interdum nutan-
tibus,) fructiferis brevissimis incrassatis v. gracilioribus et capsula
duplo et ultra longioribus; sepalis inæqualibus e basi ovata in
acumen linearem latiuseulum viride rigidum productis ; stylis
a basi liberis.

Var. a capitatum, Benth. corymbulis densis in corymbum com-
positum foliosum collectis, pedicellis brevissimis v. fructu
longioribus.

An L. sérictum, L. herb. ad hanc vel ad sequentem varietatem
spectet in schedulis me non notavisse doleo.

L. strictum var. capitatum, Benth. in Hb. Hook.—L. strictum
Reich. Icon. fig. 5170.—L. abyssinicum, Hochst. in Pl.
Schimp. Abyss. (ann. 1840,) no. 70, (forma corymbis paulo
laxioribus).

B. corymbulosum,—gracilius; corymbo composito laxiusculo, pedi-

; cellis calyce 2-3-plo longioribus.

(Lk. eorymbulosum, Reich. 1. c. fig. 5170. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ.

(ed. 2).

y L. alternum, Reich.—pedicellis fructiferis brevibus in racemos
secundos corymbosos digestis, sepalis minoribus.

L. alternum, Pers. ex Benth. Cat. Pl. Lang. 96.—L. strictum
B alternwm, Reich. l. c. fig. 5170, b.

8. spicatum, Reich.— corymbulis densis in racemum spiciformem
densum collectis; pedicellis brevissimis v. fructu duplo longi-
oribus.

L. spicatum, Pers. ex Reich.—L. strictum y spicatum, Reich. |. c.
fig. 5170. c.—L. inequale, Presl. (monente cl. Reichenb.)

Has. ab insulis Canariensibus, per regionem mediterraneam fere
totam, in Orientem usque ad regnum Cabulicum et in Abyssi-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 471

niam diffusa; Insule Canarienses, Webb, Despréaux, Bourgeau

in Hb. Hook.; Mauritania, Oran, Alger, Bové, ibid.; Lusi-

tania, Brotero; Hispania, prov. Granatensis, Boiss.; Asturiæ,

Durieu; Gallia, Monspelium, Benth., et ipse olim; Corsica,

Soleirol ex Moris ; Sardinia, Moris; Sicilia, Parlatore in Hb.

Hook.; Istria, Benth. ibid. ; Creta, Sieb. herb. Cret. ; Insulæ

Archipelagi, ibi frequens ex Sid¢h.; Persia australis, dAucher,

no. 4273; Regn. Cabulicum, Griffith, no. 1621 in Hb. Hook. ;

Abyssinia, mons Schodola regionis Adoensis, Schimp. (ann.

1840,) no. 70. (Varietates a et 8 fere semper una in locis enu-

meratis commixtæ crescunt.) Species in Flora Rossica cl. Lede- —

bourii non enumeratur ; an igitur et provinciis Rossi austra-
lis et Caucasicis exul?
—var. B. Istria, Benth., in Hb. Hook.; Dalmatia, R. C. Alex-
ander.
—var. y. in maritimis Monspelii ipse legi interdum insigniter
proceram ; nunc planta sub oculis non adest: verosimiliter alibi
crescit.

Obs. J'ai dà hésiter à réduire le L. corymbulosum, Reich. au
rang de variété, puisque M. Koch l'adopte comme espéce dans son
Synopsis. Cependant, comme la présence d" une ligne de pubescence
sur la partie de laxe florifère opposée à chaque pédicelle du L.
corymbulosum est aussi communément observée chez les formes -
ordinaires du L. rigidum, la distinction de ces espèces ne reposerait
plus que sur l' habitus un peu grèle de l’une et la longueur émi-
nemment variable des pédicelles. M. de Notaris (Linnæa 18, p. ———
158) cherche, il est vrai, à fonder cette distinction sur un petit —
denticule subulé qu’ on observerait (fort souvent, persepe) de
chaque coté de la base des feuilles supérieures ou florales du L.
eorymbulosum, et qui manquerait à celles du L. rigidum. Mais
ce caractère pour être valable aurait besoin d'une première con-
dition essentielle, celle d’ être constant et général, ce qui n’est
pas le cas, du propre aveu de |’ auteur. a e
31. L. corymbiferum, Desf.—L. perenne elatum preter scabritiem —

. marginum. foliorum glaberrimum ; caule simplici stricto in co-
rymbum foliosum amplum diviso; foliis ovato- vel lineari-lan-
3x2

478 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

ceolatis acutissimis planis; pedicellis fructiferis capsule sub-
æqualibus, sepalis ovatis acuminatis in sicco nitentibus; stylis a
basi liberis.

Has. in Mauritania, mons Atlas prope Mayane (i. e. Milianah,
ex cl. Mumby), Desf.; Alger, Bové in Hb. Hook., Mumby.

L. corymbiferum, Desf. Fl. Atl.

Obs. Specimen hujus speciei ex ipee! in herb. Linnæi inno-
minatum exstat.

.89. L. setaceum, Brot.——“ L. annuum, cile dichotomo-paniculato
sub anthesi erecto, foliis acuminatis setaceis subserrato-scabris
congestis subverticillatis, calycis foliolis ovato-lanceolatis infra
medium ciliatis, corolla lutea." Brot.

L. setaceum, Brot. Phyt. Lusit. I. no. 22, tab. 6.

B (P) dicolor—ramis paniculæ plerisque insigniter flexuosis, corolla
lutea, fundo cæruleo, striis purpureis.

L. bicolor, Schousb. Maroc. p. 135. (hue ex auctorit. cl. Benth.
in Bot. Reg. sub folio 1326 refertum.)

Has. Stirps typica in Lusitania, prope Conimbrigam (Brotero ) ;
Hispania australi (Boiss. Voy.), et regno Maroccano, Brousson.
et Saltzmann ex Boissier, (sed valde suspicor stirpem Saltzman-
nianam acl. Boissiero citatam esse L. décolorem hujus collec-
ionis, ideoque ad variet. 8 referendam) ; in Mauritania, Durand
in Hb. Smith.

Var. 8 prope Tingidem, Saltzmann in Hb. Hook. (sub nomine Lint
bicolori) ; e Mauritania in Hb. Gouan, nunc Hook. sub nomine L.
tenuifolii, et revera cum specimine L. tenuifolii veri commixtum.

33. L. Mulleri, Moris.—L. perenne, ramis gracilibus ascenden-
tibus alternis vel oppositis inferne pilosulis; foliis inferioribus
oppositis v. alternis obovato-elliptieis v. lanceolatis glabrius-
culis ciliolatis superioribus auguste linearibus alternis; corymbo
paucifloro ; sepalis ovatis acuminatis capsulam ovatam acutam
subæquantibus.

Has. Sardinia, in collibus aridis inter frutices prope Iglesias,
Mull. Herb. Un. It. (in Hb. Hook.)

L. Mulleri, Moris. app. ad Elench. Stirp. Sard..(anno 1828)

-p. 1. et Flor. Sardoa, I. p. 358, tab. 23.—L. Sardoum, Mull.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 479

Obs. Species habitu, foliis inferioribus oppositis, floribus et cap-
sula ad L. tenwem accedens, a quo tamen egregie differt stigmati-
bus capitatis, caule perenni, pedicellis fructiferis paucis corymbo-
sis, nec pluribus in racemos secundos dispositis.

34. L. gallicum, L.—annuum gracile preter margines foliorum et
sepalorum Leve glaberrimum ; foliis linearibus; ramulis inflo-
rescentiæ ante anthesin cernuis ; sepalis lineari-subulatis, corolla
parva vix duplo brevioribus.

L. gallicum, L. sp. p. 401, (cum diagnosi quoad inflorescentiam
erronea a Sauvagesio mutuata) et herb.!—Reich. Icon. Fl.
Germ. tab. 5168.—L. aureum, W. et Kit. Pl. Rar. Hung. tab.
177 (monente cl. Reichenb.)

B Sieberi—elatum gracillimum ; pedicellis inferioribus fructiferis
capsula 3—4-plo longioribus. (In forma vulgari pedicelli variant
nunc brevissimi quales Brotero in Fl. Lusit. descripsit, vel in eo-
dem racemo capsula 2-plo longiores.)

L. gallicum, Sieb. Hb. Cret. y (?) Abyssinicum,—sepalis capsula
vix longioribus; an sp. distincta ?

L. Abyssinicum, Hochst. in Schimp. pl. Abyss. sect. 2nda, no.
1107, nec sect. prima. -

Has. ab insula Madera, per regionem mediterraneam totam (excl.
Ægypto), in provincias Caucasicas ad mare Caspium, inque Abys-
siniam (?) extensa; etiam in ditione Parisiensi occurrit ex cll.
Cosson et Germain. Madera, Lowe in Hb. Hook; Algeria,
Bové, ibid. ; Asturie, Durieu, ibid.; Lusitania, Brotero; Gal-
lia australis et occident., Duby; ditio Parisiensis, Coss. et
Germ,; Monspelii, Benth. et ipse olim; Italia, Lucca, Hb.
Hook.; Sardinia, Moris; Macedonia, peninsula Hagion Oros, et
prope Pandocratoras alt. 0/—1200', Griseb.; prope Byzantium,
Aucher, no. 822; Tauria, Iberia, Cachetia, Somchetia, ter-
ritor. Elisabethpol, prov. Schirwan et insula Sara maris Caspii,

— Ledeb. Fl. Ross.—Var. 8 in Creta, Sieb.; var. y in monte
Schodola Abyssiniæ, Schimper.

Obs. L. gallicum, Fl. Grec. tab. 303 (e Laconia et insulis Ar-
chipelagi) ob habitum rigidum, ramulos crassiuseulos, flores

430 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

capsulasque multo majores vix huc spectans, ad var. à L. sfricf

propius accedere videtur, vel forsan speciem propriam sistit.

35. L. Mysorense, Heyne.—“L. glabrum erectum; folis alternis
oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis; floribus paniculato-corym-
bosis; sepalis ovatis acutiusculis margine subciliatis; petalis
(flavis) calycem breviter superantibus; stylis basi connatis ;
stigmatibus globosis; capsula acuta mucronata.” Benth.

Has. a Ceylona ad fines supremos ore Malabarice Pen. Ind. or.
extensa; Ceylona, Domina Walker in Hb. Hook. ; ditio Mysore,
Ind. or. Heyne ex Wall. et Benth.; montes Neelgherries,
Gardner in Hb. Hook.; prope Bombay, Hd. Hook., ex Hb.
Lambert.

L. Mysorense, Heyne MSS. in Wall. eat. (at ibid. etiam L.
humile, Heyne ex Benth.)—Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub folio
1326.

36. L. Virginianum, L.—perenne glaberrimum ; caulibus e collo
radicis 1-8 strictis superne paniculatis et plus minus sulcatis
levibus; foliis membranaceis margine levibus inferioribus
oppositis obovato-oblongis intermediis lanceolatis planis
acutis; glandulis stipularibus 0;' pedicellis fructiferis laxe
cymoso-racemosis capsule subæqualibus v. ea longioribus;
sepalis l-nerviis margine glandulosis; stylis a basi liberis;
capsule parve depresso-globosæ semiseptis fere completis.

Var. a microcarpum,—elatius, ramulis fructiferis divaricato-paten-
tibus; calyce capsula minuta depresso globosa obtusa subbre-
viore; fenestra loculorum subclausa.

L. Virginianum, L. herb. (specimine e Kalmio accepto)—Reich-
enb. icon. exot. IT. tab. 198.

Var. 8 mediwm,—humilius, ramulis fructiferis strictis erecto-
patentibus, calyce capsulam (precedenti paulo majorem) paulo
superante; fenestra loculorum lineari-angustissima.

Var. y (?) Floridanum,—elatum ; ramis panicule crebris arrecto-
fastigiatis fructiferis confertioribus ; capsulis ovatis subacutis
calyci æqualibus; fenestra loculorum semielliptica demum
seminibus viam præbente. An sp. distincta ?

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 481

Var. 8 (P) Texanum—habitu var. a, sed floribus majoribus, laciniis
calycinis valde inzequalibus, majore pedicellum brevem et cap-
sulam (non plane maturam) obtusam fere duplo superante. An
sp. distincta ?

Has. in America Sept. a Canada ad Floridam (?) et ditionem
Texanam (?).—-Var. a, Georgia, ad fossas aquosas, Hb. Hook. ;
prope Covington, Drummond, ibid—Var. 8, Canada, lacus
Huron, Dr. Todd in Hb. Hook.; Kentucky, Dr. Short, ibid. ;
alibi verosimiliter in Prov. confederatis.—Var y, Florida. Dr.
Chapmann, ibid.—Var. 8, in ditione Texana, prope S. Felipe,
Drummond, no 38. coll. tertize.

Descriptio var. ,.— Caulis in specimine inferne abscissus, 3-pedalis,
teres, basi crassitiæ penne corvinæ, subexsulcus, ramulis longe
supra medium crebris, alternis, patenti-erectis, 3—4-pollicaribus,
apice paucidivisis. Folia caulina (saltem partis illius caulis quæ
nobis suppetit) alterna, internodiis longiora, erecta, pollicaria,
late linearia, mucronulato-sphacelata, interdum acutata, margine
sub lente puncticulis minutissimis obsessa, (attamen tactu lævia,) —
uninervia, avenia, crassiora quam illa forme vulgaris L. virgi-
ici, siccitate glauca et obscure viridia; ramealia et floralia
auguste linearia vel subulata, marginibus plus minus involuta.
Fructus pedicello adjecto internodiis racemi subduplo breviores,
interdum remotiores vel confertiores. Pedicelli 11—2 lin. longi,
5-angulati, infra medium articulati, articulo superiore subcla-
vato. Sepala anguste lanceolata, parum inszqualia, recurvo-
acuminata. Capsula grano piperis minor, ovata, acutiuscula.

37. L. Guatemalense, Benth.^—L. glabrum; caule angulato vir-
gato superne paniculato ; foliis alternis lanceolatis vel lineari-
lanceolatis acutis; glandulis stipularibus geminis; floribus ad
apices ramulorum paucis pedicellatis ; sepalis lato-ovatis apice

. glanduloso-ciliatis capsula acutiuscula brevioribus, petalis lu-
teis calyce vix triplo longioribus ( filamentis staminum fertilium
basi edentulis, Planch.) ; stylis liberis." Benth.

Has. in Guatemala, Skinner in Hbb. Benth. et Hook.

L. Guatemalense, Benth. Bot. of the Sulphur, p. 67, in annot.

- Obs. Cette espèce se distingue du L. Mexicanum auquel elle

482 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

ressemble beaucoup, par ses feuilles toutes alternes, plus étroites,
à bords roulés en dehors, par ses fleurs plus petites, ses anthères
elliptiques plus courtes de moitié, ses styles libres presque dès
leur base, et surtout par l' absence de denticules accessoires à la
base des filets de ses étamines. Il n'est pas impossible que ce
soit la même que le L. Æypericifolium, Presl., dont elle parait
cependant différer par ses feuilles subitement retrécies mais non
aigues à la base, et par ses pédicelles toujours plus courts que
la fleur.

38. L. hypericifolium, Presl.—“L. suffruticosum, glabrum ; cau-
libus erectis angulatis; foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutis
sparsis oppositis ternisve ; panicula ampla; sepalis ovatis acu-
minatis uninerviis; capsulis mucronatis.” Presl.

Has. in Mexico, Haenke ex Presl.

Flores albi, unguibus petalorum flavescentibus ex auct. (nonne
potius flores lutei, ut in omnibus affinibus, exsiccatione decolo-
rati?). Styli a basi liberi et stigmata capitellata.

39. L. Mezicanum, H. B. K.—L. glabrum elatum; caulibus levi-
bus superne paniculato-divisis ; foliis intermediis oppositis
lanceolato-ellipticis vel ovatis acutiusculis membranaceis mar-
gine tenui revolutis; glandulis stipularibus geminis; corymbis
multifloris ; sepalis ovatis breviter acuminatis margine glandu-
loso erosis; filamentis staminum fertilium basi utrinque den-
ticulo auctis ; stylis ad medium connatis.

Has. in regno Mexicano, in sylvis prope Sta. Rosa, altit. 1300
hexap., Humd. et Bonpl.; in sylvestribus prope Xalapam, S.
Andrez, San Miguel del Soldado, Schiede; in sylva inter Mine-
ral del Monte et Huazalote, Zrez. ex Cham. et Schl.; ditio
Zimapan, Dr. Coulter, no. 159 in Hbb. Harvey et Hook.

L. Mericanum, H. B. K. nov. gen. et sp. vol. 6. p. 31.—Benth.
in Bot. Reg. tab. 1326.

40. L. Orizabe, Planch.—L. glabrum, caule simplici elato apice
corymbose-ramuloso; foliis (intermediis et superioribus) alter-
nis basi in petiolum brevissimum abrupte contractis lanceolatis
acutis mucronulatis margine subcrispulis; glandulis stipularibus
geminis; floribus laxe corymbosis breviter pedicellatis parvis;

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINERS. 483

sepalis brevissime acuminatis margine glandulis paucis sessili-
bus ornatis; staminum filamentis edentulis; stylis brevibus a
basi liberis; capsula ovato-subglobosa, calyci subæquali.

Has. in regni Mexicani prov. Vera Cruz, in monte Orizaba,
Galeotti, no. 821.

Habitus L. Mericani et L. Guatemalensis. Caulis gracilis, teres,
lineis e basi petioli utrinque decurrentibus leviter angulatus,
lucidus, rubescens. Folia in ramo circiter pedali (parte infe-
riore abscissa) sparsa, inferiora internodiis longiora, cauli semi-
adpressa, superiora magis distantia, erecto-patentia, ommia res-
pectu caulis plus minus oblique versa, majora 7-8 lin. longa, 3
lin. lata. Corymbuli florum laxi ramulos graciles, ascendentes,
inferne nudos terminantes. Flores eis L. Mexicami multo, eis |
L. Guatemalensis paulo minores. Sepala ovata, 1—14 lin. longa,
brevissime acuminata, herbacea, margine integra, glandulis
nigris, sessilibus aucta. Petala lutea, calyce vix duplo longiora,
late obovata, supra unguem latum, basi truncatum, glabrum
triplinervia, venis tenuissimis. Urceolus filamentorum brevis ;
glandulis 5, cuneatis, cum staminibus fertilibus alternantibus,
substantie urceoli semi-immersis. Filamenta stylis subæqua-
lia. Antheræ brevi-ellipticze, utrinque emarginatæ. Capsula à
grano Sizapeos albe subæqualis, calyce adpresso tecta. Í
Obs. Cette espèce est très voisine du L. Guatemalense; mais elle

s'en distingue à l'extérieur par ses fleurs plus petites et ses

sépales moins acuminés ; ceux-ci sont d’ ailleurs munis de glandes `
qui manquent à ceux de la plante de Guatémala (l' expression —
glanduloso-serrulatis qui entre dans la diagnose de cette dernière
serait mieux remplacée par eroso-denticulatis). Ses pétales ont un
onglet trés large, tronqué à la base, et trois nervures à peine
marquées; ceux du L. Guatemalense ont V onglet attenué en
pointe et cinq nervures trés distinctes.

41. L. Organense, Gardn.—“L. glabrum; caule suffruticoso ra-
moso; foliis oppositis brevissime petiolatis exacte ellipticis ;
floribus (paucis) axillaribus capitatis; capsula ovata obtusa
valvulis dorso planis." Gard».

VOL. VII. 3L

484 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINERS.

Has. “in Brasiliæ montibus Organensibus, versus summitatem,
in dumetis siccis." Gardn. no. 5683.

L. Organense, Gardner in Hook. Lond. Journ. of Bot. vol. IV.
p. 100. l

Suffrutex ascendens, ramosissimus, glaber. Rami teretes, striati,
lineis 4 elevatis, inter alias minus conspicuas notati, inde inter-
dum subtetragoni. Folia 5-6 lin. lata, 3 lin. longa, membra-
nacea. Glandulæ stipulares utrinque geminæ. Sepala glan-
dulis marginata. Semen tenuissime punctulatum, ex Gardn.

42. L. palustre, Gardn.—“L. glabrum; caule suffruticoso ra-
moso, ramis oppositis angulatis ; foliis oppositis vel ramulorum
alternis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis acutis; floribus termi-
nalibus (solitariis) ; sepalis ovatis acutis ciliatis pellucido-punc-
tatis; petalis flavis; stylis basi liberis; capsula globosa, valvu-
lis dorso planis.” Gardn. :

Has. “versus summitatem montium Organensium, in graminosis
humidis." Garda. no. 5682. (Specimen in Hb. Hook. deflo-
ratum.)

L. palustre, Gardn. l. c. p. 99.

*Suffrutex pedalis, adscendens, ramosissimus. Rami teretes,
(tenues,) angulati. Folia sessilia, 2 lin. circiter longa, vix l
lin. lata. Glandulæ stipulares 0. Capsula subglobosa, 5 valvis.
Semen complanatum, fulvum, tenuissime punctulatum.” Gardn.

43. L. liftorale, A. S. HiL.—*L. glabrum, multicaule; caulibus
erectis; folis linearibus, acutis, angustis, inferioribus paucis
oppositis ; floribus paniculatis, petalis calyce 3-plo longioribus,
vix crenulatis." A. 8. Hil. ~

Var. 8 glandulosa; “caulibus minoribus, subcrassioribus, magis
angulosis; foliis cauli magis adpressis, glandulis 2 nigris basi
stipatis; panicula minore; floribus paulo majoribus." A. 8. Hil.

Has. in Brasiliæ prov. Rio de Janeiro, in arenosis maritimis prope
lacum Araruama, haud longe a littoribus maris, 4. 8. Hi/.—
Var. B inter gramina rasa in loco maritimo. arenosoque dicto
Ararangua, ad fines provinciarum S. Catharine et Rio Grande

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 485

“Caules plures, subfastigiati, 10-18-pollicares, basi suffruticosi,
tenues, striati, superne complanati; rami alterni, erecti, cauli
consimiles. Folia 6 lin. longa, vix + lin. lata, nervo unico in
caulem decurrente. Foliola calycina coriacea, a medio usque
ad acumen utroque margine glandulosa vel subglandulosa, dorso
costata, exteriora 2 majora, ovato-lanceolata, cuspidata, interiora
obovata, cuspidata. Styli graciles, longi, lutei. Capsula vix
crassitudine seminis Cannabis, obsolete 5-loba, Semina subirre-
gulariter ovata, complanata, tenuissime punctulata.” A. &.
Hil. (ex descr. fusiore excerpt.)

L. Jttorale, A. S. Hil. Fl. Bras. merid. I. p. 133.

44. L. erigeroides, A. S. Hil.—* L. glabrum, erectum, caule sub-
simplici; foliis alternis, subconfertis, linearibus, acutissimis,
basi biglandulosis (2. e. glandulis stipularibus geminis); panicula
corymbosa; petalis calyce duplo longioribus, vix crenulatis.”
A. S. Hil.

Has. “in Brasile prov. Cisplatina, prope predium dictum
Estancia de Suarez, haud longe a vico S. Josephi." 4. S. Hil.

L. erigeroides, A. S. Hil. 1. c. p. 132.

“Caulis erectus, 12-17-pollicaris, inferius crassitudine circiter
penne Corvi vel tenuior, angulosus, basi lignosa vel sublignosa,
sæpeque albido lutescente, teres vel teretiusculus. Folia 12-15
lin. longa, circiter 1-2 lin. lata, uninervia, nervo medio subtus
prominente, supra impresso. Foliola calycina circiter 2 lin.
longa, coriacea, acuminata, superius infra acumen glanduloso-
serrata, glandulis atro-purpureis, exteriora ovato-lanceolata, in-
teriora suborbiculari-lanceolata. Petala 4 lin. longa, obovata,
obtusa. Stamina calyce subbreviora, dentibus filamentis inter-
jectis longiusculis. Styli lutei, liberi. Stigmata parvula."

45. L. junceum, A. S. Hil.—“L. glabrum, erectum ; foliis cau-
lium adultorum alternis, remotis, cauli adpressis, linearibus, acu-
tis; floribus laxe paniculatis, subglomeratis; petalis calyce 3—

4-plo longioribus." A. S. Hid.

Has. in Brasiliæ prov. Minas Geraés; in paludosis prope præ-
dium vulgo Fazenda do Hiberaó, haud longe ab urbe 8. Joad

| 312

486 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

del Rey, et ad rivulum. preedii dicti Fazenda do Capitad Joze
Caetano de Mello; A. S. Hil.

L. junceum, A. S. Hil. Fl. Bras. merid. I. p. 134, tab. 24.

“Planta facie fere Buplewri, tenuissima. Caulis fruticosus, circi-
ter 14-23 poll. longus, basi circiter crassitudine pennze Corvi,
angulosus, subsimplex vel parum ramosus, striatus, ramis erec-
tis. Folia novellorum sterilium et quandoque inferiora ramorum
debilium juniorumve opposita, per paria distantia, circiter 3-

- 4 lin. longa, 1-1 lin. lata, sessilia, lanceolata, acuta, 3-nervia ;
pleraque (adultorum et fertilium caulium) alterna, valde distan-
tia, caulique adpressa, et ideo, primo intuitu, vix manifesta, circi-
ter 2-6 lin. longa, 2-14 lin. lata, gradatim minora, sessilia,
basi haud attenuata, sæpe subtrinervia. Panicula valde laxa,
parum ramosa, (pauciflora). Foliola calycina circiter 12 lin.
longa, lanceolata, acuminata, infra àcumen superrus glanduloso-
serrata, 5-nervia. Petala circiter 5-6 lin. longa, obovato-ob-
longa, integerrima. Stamina pistilo breviora, lutea; dentes
interjecti minimi. Styli tenues. Stigmata parva, subpur-
purea. Capsula globosa, obsolete 5-gona, diametro circiter 23
lin.,sæpe subpurpurea, dissepimentis spuriis incompletis. Semen
circiter + lin. longum, valde complanatum, fulvum." 4.8. Hul.

46. L. brevifolium, A. S. Hil. et Naud.—* L. foliis alternis, subu-
latis, eglandulosis, inferioribus brevissimis, distantibus; floribus
in ramis panicule simplicis suberectæ spicatim dispositis, sub-
sessilibus, conferte bracteatis."

Has. in Brasiliæ merid. prov. Rio Grande do Sul; herb. Mus.
Paris. ex auct.

L. brevifolium, A. S. Hil. et Naud. in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 2ème
sér. vol. XVII. p. 30..

47. L. oligophylium, Willd TX caulibus axcnato-escendentibus,
basilignosis; foliis inferioribus paucissimis latiuscule lineari-
bus suboppositis ceteris multo minoribus lineari-subulatis ;
glandulis stipularibus minutis geminis vel solitariis; floribus
terminalibus solitariis; sepalis abrupte brevique acuminatis
capsulam nie colore badiam subæquantibus ; ; stylis
brevibus a basi ima liberis.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 487

Has. in regno Quitensi, prope pagum Paute, alt. 7000 ped.;
Prof. Jameson in Hb. Hook.—verosimiliter in regione eadem
stirpem typicam legerant olim cll. Humboldt et Bonpl., sed
hanc in opere a cl. Kunthio digesto frustra quæsivi.

L. oligophyllum, Willd. Herb. ex R. et Sch. syst. VI. p. 758.
Schiede in Linn. I. p. 68 (exclus. var. 8 et y).

Obs. Comme je ne puis guère avoir un doute sur l’ identité
de la plante que j’ ai sous les yeux avec celle que Willdenow reçut
de P illustre Humboldt, j’ ai cru pouvoir en étendre la diagnose,
enla dégageant des traits qui, dans la phrase caractéristique de
Schiede, appartiennent sans aucun doute à des espéces différentes.
Le vrai L. o/igophyllum justifie en effet son nom. On voit quelques
feuilles de 5 ou 6 lignes de long sur la partie inférieure de ses
rameaux ; toutes les autres sont subulées et trés aigües. Les fleurs
sont solitaires à 1’ extrémité des rameaux.

48. L. Polygaloides, Planch.—L. caulibus e caudice multicipiti
pluribus ascendentibus vel subprostratis ; foliis linearibus con-
fertis inferioribus suboppositis superioribus alternis ; glandulis
stipularibus 2; pedicellis terminalibus vel oppositifoliis calyce
longioribus; stylis jas? breviter connatis; petalis flavis calyce sub-
triplo longioribus; capsula subglobosa parva calyci subæquali.

Has. in Peruvie montibus Cerro Pasco, Mathews, no. 615, in
Hbb. Hook. et Lindl; et loco dicto Purruchucha ; Cuming,
no. 586, ibid.

Habitus Polygale amare ; radix crassa, tortuosa, alte descendens ;
rami crebri 4—5 poll. longi, graciles, duri, inferne denudati, api-
cem versus parum divisi; folia majora, 5-6 lin. longa, 1-13
lata, summa sensim minora, in bracteas subulatas abeuntia.
Pedicelli raro alares et tunc calyce fructifero duplo longiores;
plerique terminales vel subterminales et oppositifoli, calyce
dimidio longiores. Flores L. oligophylli. Styli inferne breve
connati (in L. odigophyllo plane liberi !). Capsula grano Piperis
minor, obtusiuscula, calyce arcte pini stylorum basi per-
sistente mucronulata.

Obs. Cette plante tient en quelque sorte un milieu entre le L.
— prostratum etle L. oligophyllum, Willd. Le caractère des styles

488 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

la distingue trés bien de l^ une et de l’ autre. Je soupgonne que
c’est la plante de Hænke que Schiede cite comme la forme type de
son L. oligophyllwm. Mais comme la vraie plante de Willdenow est
venue, à peu prés sans aucun doute, des collections de Humboldt, et
que je puis parfaitement la reconnaître dans les échantillons re-
cueillis à Quito, c? est à elle qu’ il faut laisser le droit incontestable
de représenter le L. oZigophyllum.

49. L. prostratum, Lamk.—L. glabrum ; caulibus (ex uno abbre-
viato) pluribus adscendentibus vel prostratis (?), fertilibus
apice pluries dichotomo-divisis foliosis ; foliis lanceolato-linea-
ribus vel lineari-lanceolatis acutiusculis caulinis basi attenu-
atis, membranaceis ; glandulis stipularibus geminis vel solitariis -
vel obsoletis; floribus oppositifoliis ; pedicellis calyce (sæpius)
brevioribus; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis conspicue
inæqualibus majore capsulam depresso-ovatam subobtusam
superante. i

Has. in Peruvia, prope Limam, in collibus siccis, Dombey ex
Lamk. et in Hb. Hook. ex. Hb. Gouan.

Facies Polygale vulgaris. Caulis primarius vetustus, apice ab-
scissus, vix sesqui-pollicaris, tortuosus, crassitie penne corvine,
sieut bases caulium lateralium, epidermide semidetersa flavescenti,
nitida tectus. Caules secundarii graciles, aliis sterilibus debilibus,
glaucis, fertilibus subpedalibus, crassitie fili emporetici, striatis,
rubescentibus. Folia in caulibus omnibus alterna, secus partem
indivisam lateralium crebra, internodiis multo longiora, erecto-
patentia, unguicularia, 13—2 lin. lata, consistentia illa Zuphorbie
peplus referentia, basi longe et sensim angustata; ramealia et
floralia rachidi oblique adpressa, rigidiora, minus conspicue at- —
tenuata. Ramuli inflorescentiæ sat crebri, breves. Pedicelli
fructiferi 1-2 lin. rarissime infimo 3 lin. longo. Sepala mar-
gine subglandulosa, rigida, uno ex exterioribus interdum inte-
riorem subduplo superante. Capsula sepius colore plus minus
fusca. Flores expansos non vidi.

50. L. Chamissonis, Schiede.—“ Caulibus adscendentibus basi lig-
nescentibus, ramis alternis; folis lanceolatis basi eglandulosis
inferioribus suboppositis superioribus alternis; floribus opposi-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 489

tifoliis terminalibusque; petalis flavis; stylis a basi ima

liberis; stigmatibus capitatis; capsulis acutiusculis valvulis

dorso planis."

Has. in “ America meridionali sub 37? grad. lat. aust. et quidem
in regno Chilensi in clivis ad flumen Biobio,” De Chamisso ex
Schiede (indieatio loci natalis prioris valde ambigua; an ora
orientalis et tunc ditio Platensis? an igitur stirps orientalis
vere eadem ac occidentalis ?)

L. Chamissonis, Schiede in-Lann. I. p. 69.

L. ramosissimum (?), Claud. Gay, hist. fis. Chil. I. p. 463. (ex
diagnosi nimis brevi). Hæc in maritimis prov. septentrionalium
crescit.

* Caules e radice lignosa plures basi lignescentes, circiter : quim-
quepollicares, superne in ramos alternos soluti. Flores pedun-
culati. Folia integerrima, uninervia, nervo marginibusque
foliorum striis elevatis per caulem decurrentibus. Calycina
foliola ovata acuminata denticulata trinervia. Corolla flava
magnitudine L. perennis, obtusa. Filamenta linearia inferne
paulum latiora, sterilia a me non observata." Schede.

Obs. L'auteur cité rapporte a cette espèce avec un point de
doute le Linum. aquilinum, foliis alternis lanceolatis, pedunculis
bifloris Molina, hist. nat. Chili, ed. germ. p. 126, qu’il dit être le
méme que le L. perenne, luteum, polygonifolium, vulgo Nuancu
Laguen, Feuillée, Journ. ILI. tab. 22. M. Claude Gay de son
côté adopte le nom de L. aquilinum, avec les mémes synonymes,
pour une espèce qui, d' aprés une description. peu satisfaisante,
parait. se rapporter au Linum Macraei, Benth. Du reste, comme il
est question, dans cette description, de styles en général (et par
conséquent pas toujours) soudés, et que la soudure ou la liberté de
ces organes est un caractère des plus constants chez les Lins,
on doit présumer que M. Gay a confondu lui-même deux espèces
sous le nom de L. aquilinum. Les synonymes en question
sont donc bien loin d’être fixés et méritent d'ailleurs. de
tomber. dans |’ oubli, au lieu d’ encombrer plus: qu; Sd nos
e d? espèces.

. L. Macraei, Benth,—* Glabrum; caulibus basi fruticosis ;

490 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

foliis oppositis alternisve lanceolatis (sepius lanceolato-lineari-
bus) acuminatis rigidis (glandulis stipularibus 0); sepalis
ovatis acuminatis, petalis calyce duplo longioribus; stylo
corollam subæquante apice breviter 5-fido; stigmatibus globo-
sis; capsulis acuto-mucronatis.” Benth.

Has. in regno Chilensi prope Valparaiso, Me. Rae in Hbb. Lindl.
et Hook. ; Cuming, no. 127; prope urbem Conception, Beechey
in Hb. Hook.

L. Macraei, Benth. in Bot. Reg. (anno 1830) sub folio 1326.

L. Cumingii? Lodd. Bot. Cab. tab. 1996? (icon rudis minime
stirpem Cumingianam referens).

L. aquilinum, Cl. Gay, Hist. fis. Chil. p. 462, (saltem quoad stir-
pem stylis connatis donatam.)

Quoad synonymon L. aguilini Mol. conf. annotationem ad speciem
precedentem.

Species distinctissima. Caulis primarius (?) vetustus pennam
corvinam vel anserinam v. ultra crassus, denudatus, epidermide
arida, flavescente, in longum sponte fissa vel profunde striata
indutus, secundariis (interdum nullis) 1-3 poll. longis, denuda-
tis, conferte ramulosis. Ramuli floridi ascendentes v. erecti, _
stricti, 3—4 poll. longi, apice tantum in corymbum pauci- vel
pluriflorum divisi, angulato-striati. Folia conferta, sepius
erecto-imbricata et cauli semi-adpressa, plus minus oblique
versa, rigida, lanceolato-linearia, acutissime cuspidata, interdum
faleata, sessilia, intermedia unguicularia, 14-2 lin. lata, pau-
cissimis ex infimis oppositis, cæteris conferte alternis; floralibus
subulatis, sæpius oppositis. Corymbi terminales sæpius compo-
siti (nune simplices vel ad pedicellos geminos v. subsolitarios
reducti), ramis brevibus, confertis, apice 3-2 v. unifloris. Se-
pala acutissime cuspidata, margine glandulosa. Petala magni-
tudine eorum L. tenuifolii.

..59. L. Æéhiopicum, Thunb.—L. suffruticosum glaberrimum ;
foliis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis (nunc lineari-oblongis) oppositis
decussato-imbricatis paribus superioribus internodiis breviori-
bus acutis rigidis; glandulis stipularibus geminis; corymbis

. compositis contractis sepius multi- et densifloris; stylis ad me-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 491

dium connatis, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, glanduloso-
ciliatis capsula sub-globosa obtusa longioribus.

Has. in Africa Capensi; Houtniquas, Thunb.; districtus Viten-
hage, Zeyh. no. 399 in hb. Hook. ; ibid. inter Soomtesvlakte et
Boschzemans river in sabulosa planitie, infra altit. 500 ped.
Octob., Drége (sub nomine L. Æthiopici, b. in Hb. Hook.)

L. Aithiopicum, Thunb. Prod. p. 57 et ejus Fl. Capensis (ed.
Schult.) p. 277. (Specimen hujus plantæ e Thunbergio accep-
tum in herb. Linnæano asservatum est, quod fere absque dubio
authenticum, quamvis tantum a Smithio nec ab inventore
nomine L. Æthiopici sit insignitum.)

Species habitu robustiore quam affines. Caulis primarius (?) (in
specimine inferne abscissus) crassitie penne anserinæ, sicut
secundarii, cortice excoriato flavescente tectus. Caules secun-
dari sepius ramos virgatos erectos, oppositos, 2—6-pollicares
agentes. Rami teretes, lineis quatuor elevatis e basi foliorum
decurrentibus striati, laterales interdum longi, graciles, flagelli-
formes, curvato-ascendentes, ramulis sterilibus vel passim flori-
feris crebriusculis ornati. Folia in parte inferiore ramorum
conferta, in superiore magis dissita, nempe internodiis sæpius
breviora, erecta vel patenti-erecta, (vetusta infima sæpe deflexa),
omnia 3—4 lin. longa, 1-2 lin. lata, rigida, nitida, margine sæ-
pius plana et levia, mucronulata. Corymbi e cymulis simpli-
cibus vel pluribus dichotomis, contractis, 3- vel pluri-floris con-
stantes, inde 7—20-flori. Pedicelli floriferi calyce subduplo
breviores, versus medium articulati. Sepala sepius ovato-lan-
ceolata, acute cuspidata, 3-nervia, capsulam grano Piperis sub-
æqualem paulo superantia.

53. L. pungens, Planch.—L. fruticulosum glaberrimum; Géalibus
(v. ramis) virgatis sulcato-angulatis ; foliis oppositis v. in parte
superiore ramorum alternis anguste linearibus v. subulatis
pungentibus margine obsolete involutis; glandulis stipularibus
geminis ; corymbis dichotomis laxis v. contractis; sepalis line-
ari-lanceolatis eximie cuspidatis conspicue glanduloso-ciliatis
capsula ovata acuta longioribus ; stylis fere a basi liberis.

Has. in Africa Capensi, Burke in Hb. Hook.; Zeyh. no. 202,
VOL. VII. 9M.

492 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

(coll. 1846.) (Hæc a cl. Drège in Linn. XTX. p. 609 male ad
L. thesioidem, Bartl. referta est.)

Caulis primarius, more affinium denudatus, mox in ramos (vel, si
velis, caules) virgatos, 12-16-pollicares, simplices vel iterum
ramosos divisus. Rami lineis 6 elevatis striati, e quibus qua-
tuor ex lateribus paris singuli foliorum, duo ex eorum nervis
mediis decurrunt. Folia infima conferta, opposita internodiis
5—6-plo longiora, 5 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata, intermedia et superiora
anguste linearia v. subulata, opposita v. alterna, internodiis bre-
viora v. parum longiora, hzc patenti-erecta, 5-8 lin. lata, 1—3
lin. longa, omnia rigida, crassiuscula, pungentia, uninervia. In-
florescentia L. Æthiopici. Pedicelli fructiferi calyce duplo
breviores, apice articulati. Sepala 2—4 lin. longa, petalis du-

. plo (?) breviora, trinervia, nervis lateralibus apice tantum con-
spicuis. Capsula ovata, grano Piperis subæqualis, calyce sub-
duplo minor, acuta, styli basi. brevi mucronata.

54. L. Africanum, L.—L. fruticulosum glabrum; caule (v. ra-
mis) striatis ; foliis oppositis (superioribus alternis) lanceolato-
vel anguste-linearibus pungentibus; glandulis stipularibus 2 ;
corymbo cymis demum laxis, fructibus (nempe distantibus)
composito; sepalis exterioribus ovato-lanceolatis (interioribus
ovatis) acuminatis brevi glanduloso-ciliatis capsulam breviter
ovatam acutiusculam subæquantibus vel parum superantibus ;
stylis inferne connatis.

Has. in Africa Capensi, Forster in-hb. Hook. ; J. D. Hook, ibid. ;
in Monte Tabular, prope urbem Cap, Eckl. herb. un. itin.
no. 477, wid.

L. Africanum, L. Mant. p. 360, et herb!—Jacq. coll. III.
p. 218, et Icon. rar. tab. 353.—Curtis, Bot. Mag. tab. 403
(icon mediocris).

Species a L. pungente cui habitu valde accedit caute distinguenda:
sepalis minoribus, brevius cuspidatis, minus conspicue glandu-
loso-ciliatis, capsulam breviorem et latiorem subæquantibus,
nec multo superantibus, presertim stylis inferne connatis.

55. L. adustum, E. Mey.—L. fruticulosum elatum glabrum;
caule (v. caulibus?) stricto supra medium in corymbum laxum

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 493

amplum abeunte ; foliis alternis cauli semiadpressis longe line-
aribus pungentibus glaucescentibus; glandulis stipularibus 2 ;
pedicellis fructiferis capsule ovate acute subæqualibus v. ea
paulo longioribus; sepalis lanceolatis cuspidatis conspicue glan-
duloso-ciliatis capsula longioribus; stylis longis ad ers
connatis.

Has. in Africa Capensi, Zeyh. coll. anno 1846, no. 201; district.
George inter Bergvalei et Langevalei (prope Zwartbastkraal) in-
fra altit. 1000 ped., Novemb.; Drège.

L. adustum a, E. Mey. MSS. in herb. Hook. (L. adustum, E.
Mey. 8 mihi ignotum.)

Species a L. Africano et affinibus certe distincta. Caulis adest
(secundarius? nempe verosimiliter ab altero basilari primario
avulsus) 11—2-pedalis, (corymbo adjecto), inferne longe denuda-
tus, ibidem teres et tenuiter pluristriatus, (nec angulatus), su-
perne in ramos plures solutus alternos, aphyllos (nempe tantum
ad furcationes vel ad florum insertionem foliis minutis, subu-
latis instructos), tenuiter sulcato-angulatus, spatio 3—6-pollicari
nudus, apice in ramulos alternos vel rarius oppositos, remote
paucifloros divisus. Folia (in speciminibus duobus) omnia
alterna, 12-15 lin. longa, 1-14 lin. lata, sessilia, parte inferiore
cauli adpressa, superiore sepius oblique versa, recurvo-patentia,
in sicco glaucescentia, consistentia rigida; nervo unico utrin-
que prominulo et basi in caulem decurrente. Corymbus semi-
v. subpedalis, ramis erecto patentibus. Fructus dum rami
inflorescentiz alterni sunt, (quod semper in inferioribus accidit)
bracteæ oppositi, (inde revera terminales, quamvis laterales -
appareant); superiores sæpius alares vel ramulos extremos inflo-
rescentiæ terminantes, bracteolis tunc oppositis vel suboppositis.
Flores illis L. Africani majores, illis L. ¢enwifolit paulo mino-
res, ante anthesim sepe cernui. Sepala 23 lin. longa, trinervia,
nervis lateralibus obsoletis. Petala calyce plus quam duplo longi-
ora, siccitate pallide flava. Styli petalis subæquales. Stigmata
minuta, capitellata. ^ Pedicelli fructiferi 2 lin. longi, apice
articulati. Capsula grano Piperis paulo major, Piso minor,
poem. onse 10-locularis, fenestra semiseptorum semilanceolata.

3 M2

494 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Obs. M. Drége (Linnæa, vol. XIX, p. 609) donne le nom de
L. adustum, E. Mey, var. c. comme synonyme du L. juniperinum,
Eckl. et Zeyh. enum p. 34. Les deux plantes en question m’ étant
inconnues, et celle que je viens de décrire ne s’ accordant pas avec
la diagnose imparfaite du L. juniperifolium, j’ ai dà adopter pour
elle le nom qu’elle porte dans la collection de Drége, et rejeter la
plante d? Eckl. et Zeyh. parmi les espèces douteuses.

56. L. thesioides, Bartl.—“ L. suffruticosum glabrum; folis
sparsis linearibus acutis basi-eglandulosis ; panicula corymbosa
erecta; floribus breviter pedicellatis ; sepalis ovatis acutis pec-
tinato-ciliatis fructum æquantibus; petalis flavis calyce duplo

— longioribus." Bartl.

Has. in Africa Capensi, in locis lapidoso-arenosis ad radices mon-
tium Lewenberg et Winberg prope urbem Cap.—Eck. et Zeyh.
Enum.

L. thesioides, Bartl. in Linn. vol. VIL. p. 540.

Huc fere absque dubitatione refero specimina stirpis cujus diag-
nosin et descriptionem fusiorem subjicio.

L. fruticulosum glabrum; caulibus secundariis crebris virgatis,
superne subnudis et in corymbum multi- et confertiflorum abeun-
tibus; foliis alternis crebris erecto-imbricatis anguste lineari-
bus pungentibus ; glandulis stipularibus 0 v. solitariis v. gemi-
nis; floribus fructibusque parvis ; stylis fere a basi ima liberis;
sepalis anguste ovatis breve acuminatis bracteisque glandu-
loso-ciliatis, illis capsulam ovatam acutiusculam subsequantibus.

Has. in Africa Capensi, Mundt et Villette in Hb. Hook.

Caules e caudice abbreviato fruticoso plures, ascendenti-erecti, co-
rymbo adjecto, 6—12-pollicares, crassitie fili emporetici, basi
foliis denudati, superne subnudi v. foliis distantibus adpressis
prediti, infra medium dense foliosi, lineis e foliorum lateribus
et e nervis mediis decurrentibus elevato-striati. Folia 4-8 lin.
longa, vix semi-lineam lata, margine planiusculo levia, nervo
unico utrinque (presertim subtus) prominente. Rami corymbi
alterni, supremi tantum oppositi, inferiores 1-2 pollicares, in
cymam fere regulariter dichotomam, floribus alaribus instructam
desinentibus. Pedicelli fructiferi 1-2 lin. longi, capsulæ æqua-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 495

les v. eam superantes, apice articulati. Sepala capsule magis
adpressa quam in sp. affinibus, sicut bracteæ, ciliis glanduli-
feris longiusculis ornata, vix ultra lineam longa. Petala flava,
non rite observata, sed evidenter illis L. 4fricani minora. Cap-
sula ovata, acuminata, grano Piperis fere minor, septis semisep-
tisque piloso-ciliatis.

57. L. Thunbergii, Eckl. et Zeyh.—“L. suffruticosum suberectum
glabrum ; foliis alternis oppositis verticillatisve ellipticis v. lan-
ceolato-oblongis mucronulatis, margine involutis; floribus co-
rymbosis breviter pedicellatis; sepalis ovalibus carpella æquan-
tibus; petalis flavis calyce duplo longioribus." Eek. et Zeyh.

Has. in Africa Capensi et in Cafraria; prope Constantiam et Tokay,
latere orientali montis Tafelberg, prope urbem Cap; in colli-
bus ditionis Adow (district. Uitenhage) ; ad montem Winterberg
(Cafraria) ; Eck. et Zeyh.

L. Thunbergu, Eckl et Zeyh. Enum. p. 35.

L. quadrifolium, Thunb. fl. Cap. (ed. Schult.) p. 277 ex auct.
Huc dubitanter refero specimina stirpis cujus diagnosis et de-

scriptio sequuntur :

L. Reichenbachii, Planch., MS. olim.—L. fruticulosum; caulibus
-secundariis pluribus simplicibus v. trifureato aut alterne ramosis
inferne teretibus puberulis cæterum glaberrimis; foliis inferio-
ribus sparsis oppositis et quaternis anguste oblongis interme-
diis linearibus v. oblongo-linearibus, summis floralibusque sub-
ulatis omnibus mucronato-pungentibus; corymbi laxi v. sub-
conferti ramis unilateraliter fructiferis v. in cymam dichoto-
mam divisis; pedicellis fructiferis capsula ovata acuta breviori-
bus; sepalis ovatis breviter acuminatis glanduloso-ciliatis capsu-
lam subæquantibus ; stylis distinctis.

Has. in Africa australi, ultra coloniam Capensem, versus Cafra-
riam, secus amnem Caledon River, Burke in Hb. Hook.; et
verosimiliter in colonia Capensi.

L. Africanum, Reich. icon. exot: I. tab. 46? (certe non Z.
Africanum, L.)

Planta tota circiter pedalis. Folia inferiora 5-8 lin. longa, 2 lin.
lata, fere semper internodiis breviora, interdum omnia alterna v.

496 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

opposita, verticillis semper raris, rigide membranacea, glabra,
uninervia. Petala calyce plus quam duplo longiora. Capsula
grano Piperis subæqualis, semiseptis margine pilis paucis
ciliatis. Semina oblonga, compressa, linea breviora, pallide ful-
va, nitida, lævissima.

58. L. gracile, Planch.—L. fruticulosum glaberrimum ; caulibus
secundariis simplicibus v. parum ramosis gracilibus tenuiter
angulatis; folis oppositis v. alternis anguste oblongis acutis
rigide membranaceis inferioribus basi attenuatis; glandulis sti-
pularibus 2; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis eximie cuspidatis capsu-

lam breve ovatam superantibus, margine glanduloso-ciliatis ;
stylis longe supra medium connatis. :

Has. in Africa Capensi, herb. Hook.

Species ab affinibus L. Zhunbergit et L. quadrifolio stylis longe
connatis facillime dignoscenda. Rami steriles undique, fertiles
a basi supra medium foliosi. Folia internodiis longiora v. bre-
viora, fere omnia erecta, unguicularia, circiter 2 lin. lata, breviter

- mucronulata, rigida, attamen minus crassa quam in L. Africano
et affinibus, marginibus haud involutis, tactu levibus, nervo
unico subtus prominente, venis nullis, superficie utraque punc-
ticulis centro depressis, sub lente valida, particulas salinas refer-
entibus conspersa, summa subulata cauli semi-adpressa, floralia
margine glanduloso-ciliata. Inflorescentiz sepius paucifloræ,
ramis alternis, secundariis apice trifloris v. dichotome-cymosis.
Pedicelli fructiferi erecti, 11—2 poll. longi, paulo supra medium
articulati. Flores ante anthesim sepius nutantes. Sepala tri-
nervia, nervo medio prominente. Petala ........ (in speci-
mine imperfecta). Styli pars indivisa calyce plus duplo longior.
Capsula grano Piperis paulo minor, apice obtusiuscula, septis
margine piloso-ciliatis semiseptisque glabris, fenestra lata semi-
elliptica. Semina compressa, pallide fulva, lævia, nitida.

59. L. quadrifolium, L.—L. fruticulosum glabrum ; ramis secun-
dariis (sepius) acute tetragonis; foliis inferioribus 4—5-nis. v.
oppositis, v. rarius alternis, sepius patentibus v. subdeflexis
ellipticis v. oblongis utrinque acutis rigide membranaceis supe-
rioribus sparsis alternis oblongis v. linearibus ; glandulis stipu-

SUR LA FAMLLIE DES LINEES. 497

laribus 2 ; corymbo composito plurifloro ; sepalis ovato-lanceo-

latis acuminatis minute glanduloso-ciliatis capsulam ovatam

obtusiusculam subæquantibus, stylis fere a basi liberis.

Has. in Africa Capensi, verosimiliter prope urbem Cap;—in monte
Paarlberg (district. Stellenbosch) alt. 1000-2000 ped.—Nov.
Decemb., Drège, secus amnem K/ipriver, prope Kewrebooms
river (district. George) in collibus scopulosis, alt. 2000-3000
ped.; Novemb. ; Drège.

L. quadrifolium, L. sp. p. 402, et herb!

Caulis primarius (v. uno e secundariis ?) sæpius elongatus, gracilis,
decurrentia foliorum oppositorum v. dorsi medii foliorum qua-
ternorum quadristriatus, inde plus minus manifeste tetragonus,
fere semper ramulos oppositos, laterales agens, interdum apice
in ramos 4, umbellatos divisus. In frustulo speciminis horten-
sis, duo ex his ramulis lateralibus. video flore unico intra folia
sesSile terminatos; sed speciminibus sylvestribus contra, ut in
hortensibus melius evolutis, rami, superne foliis paucis ornati, in
corymbum plus minus laxe divisum abeunt. Flores videntur
magnitudine eorum L. tenwis, Desf. Pedicelli fructiferi calyce
breviores, supra medium articulati. Capsula grano Piperis sub-
æqualis, semiseptis glabris, septis ciliatis.

Obs. L. quadrifolinm B paniculatum, E. Mey, in herb. Hook.,
qui foliis inferioribus oppositis v. alternis lineari-oblongis, sicut
basis caulis, utrinque pilosulis, superioribus oppositis distantibus —
linearibus v. subulatis rigidis glabris capsulaque acuta gaudet,
a stirpe typica certe differt et forsan ad L. Thunbergii (nostrum)
spectat, quod tamen ex specimine unico fructifero et sil
affirmare noluerim.

60. L. Æmirnense, Bojer. —L. herbaceum glabrum ; pti tenello
erecto; foliis parvis suboppositis superne confertis subimbrica-
tis linearibus v. lanceolatis sessilibus uninerviis ; glandulis sti-
pularibus 2; floribus terminalibus solitariis v. laxe paniculatis
pallide luteis ; petalis calycem duplo cpm a staminibus
fere liberis; capsulis globosis acutis.

Has. in pratis pascuis vallibusque humidis prope provinciam Emir-

498 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

nam insule Madagasear, Bojer in herb. Hook. (Specimina

imperfecta.)
L. Emirnense, Bojer in Ann des Sc. Nat. 2ème sér. vol. XX,
. p. 99.

Sepala basi glandulis 2-nigris, illis foliorum consimilibus, aucta,
quo charactere stirps ab affinibus eximie distinguitur. —

61. L. Schiedeanum, Cham. et Schlecht.—“L. perenne glabrum ;
caulibusque e radice sublignescente pluribus gracilibus teretius-
culis obsolete quadrinervibus subsimplicibus ; foliis pseudo-ver-
ticillatis (4-nis) pseudo-oppositisque fere semper alternis ex
obovato-lanceolatis et lineari-lanceolatis basi attenuatis sessili-
bus apice mucronulatis margine scabridis tenuiter 1- et; tripli-
nerviis; cymæ fastigiatæ ramis primariis alternis; bracteis -
sepalisque ovato-lanceolatis acutis glanduloso-serrulatis et fim-
briatis, illis capsula parva acuta longioribus."

Has. in sylvaticis prope Jalapam, San Andres, regni Mexicani ;
Aug., Schiede ex Cham. et Schl.

Diagnosis ex descriptione auctorum.—Folia ad summum 7 lin.
longa, 2 lin. lata. Rami inflorescentiz primarii axillares, alter-
ni, in cymas abeunt pluries exacte dichotomas, ramis inæqualiter
unilateraliter evolutis, post primam—quintam dichotomiam flo-
ribus abortu alterius rami solitariis bibracteatis ornati. Brac-
tec lineares acute. Flores pentameri, flavi, parvi, brevissime
pedicellati. Sepala connata. Fructus quam ille Lint cathartici
paulo major.

Obs. Diagnosim et descriptionem subjicio stirpis Coulterians a
me dubitanter huc refertæ.

L. Coulterianum, Planch. (olim).—L. fruticulosum glaberri-
mum; caulibus (v. ramis?) gracilibus suleato-angulatis; foliis
inferioribus 3—4-nis intermediis oppositis superioribus alternis
omnibus lineari-oblongis acutiusculis rigide membranaceis ;
glandulis stipularibus 2; eymulis paucifloris corymbosis longe
peduneulatis; pedicellis fructiferis alaribus v. oppositifoliis (vel
terminalibus) calycem æquantibus (infimo interdum triplo
longiore); floribus parvis; sepalis lanceolatis bracteisque glan-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 499

duloso-ciliatis, illis capsulam parvam ovatam acutiusculam pa-
rum superantibus.

Has. in regni Mexicani ditione. Zimapan, Dr. Coulter, no. 758,
in herb. Hook. a cl. Harvey comm.

Species L. 4-fo/io affinis, a Schiedeano, imprimis glabritie inflores-
centiz, foliis magis dissitis et minus frequenter verticillatis, et
corymbis multo amplioribus forsan distinguenda. Caules (v.
rami) duo adsunt a sese invicem et a caule (primario?) avulsi, sub
inflorescentia circiter 7-pollicares, inflorescentiis ipsis 5—6-polli-
caribus. Folia haud crebra, rarius verticillata, internodiis semper
breviora, 5—7-lin. longa, 2-21 lin. lata, inferiora basi attenuata
erecto-patentia. Inflorescentiz rami primarii circiter 3, alterni,
spatio 2—3-pollicari plane nudi, superne bifurci, cum flore unico
alari, ramulis circiter 2-pollicaribus, nudis, apice in cymulam
3—9-floram, contractam abeuntibus. Bracteze opposite, subula-
tæ, glanduloso-ciliatæ, sepius utrinque denticulo setiformi auc- -

‘tee. Pedicelli fructiferi graciles, striatuli, apice tantum articu-
lati, fere omnes 1-12 lin. longi, infimo interdum 4 lin. longo.
Flores illis L. gallici subæquales. Stylos non vidi. Sepala
acuta, cuspidata, 1—13 lin. longa, trinervia, nervo medio promi-
nente. Capsula grano Piperis multo minor, semiseptis mar-
gine glabris.

62. L. Cruciata, Planch.—L. fruticulosum elatum inflorescen- :
tize ramis exceptis glabrum; caule primario elongato laterali- — —
bus fere ad apicem usque foliosis ; foliis crebre verticillatis (4—
5-nis) elliptico-lanceolatis utrinque acutis margine glanduli-
feris summis angustioribus alternis; corymbi floriferi parvi
ramis apice cymoso-floriferis pedicellisque patenti-pilosulis ;
floribus parvis breviter pedicellatis confertiusculis; sepalis ovato-
lanceolatis cuspidatis bracteisque glanduloso-ciliatis ; stylis a
basi liberis.

Has. in regni Mexicani ditione Tepic, Dr. Sinclair in herb. Hook.
a cl. Bentham comm.

L. Schiedeanum, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 411; Benth. Bot.
of the Sulphur, 67 ; non Cham. et Schlecht.

Habitus Gali. Caulis (primarius ?) 4-10-pollicaris, haud crassus
VOL. VII. 3N

500 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

rectus, teres, obsolete striatus, relliquias inflorescentiarum vetus-
tarum ramis flavidis interspersas exhibens. Rami floriferi gra-
ciles, simplices v. bi- aut tri-furcati, ramo intermedio tunc iterum
bifurcato, glaberrimi, acute pluristriati. Folia crebra, fere om-
nia verticillata et internodiis breviora, erecto-patentia v. paten-
tia aut subdeflexa, 3-5 lin. longa, 1-11 lin. lata, exacte elliptico-
lanceolata, basi leviter angustata, apice breviter acuminata, sphacc-
lato-mucronulata, margine vix eroso et hine inde glandulis brevi-
et crasse-stipitatis ornato, unde interdum exserte subdenticulato,
uninervia, crassiuseule membranacea, siccitate rigida, fragilia,
saturate viridia. Glandule stipulares pro folio quovis geminæ
vel interdum quaternæ, una paris singuli altere tunc superpo-
sita, nigre. Corymbi (floridi) rami 3—4, alterni v. suboppositi
aut umbellato-terni, 1-3-pollicares, apice cymoso-paucidivisi,
ramulis brevibus, 1-5-floris. Pedicelli florum alarium 1-4 lin.
longi, terminalium breviores, omnes tenues, apice articulati.
(Inflorescentize vetustæ, que post capsularum occasum secus
caulem persistunt, ramulos exhibent pluries dichotome et alterne
divisos, et longitudine fere tota pedicellis 2 lin. longis unilater-
aliter versis ornatos.) Flores illis L. Gallici fere minores. Se-
pala ovato-lanceolata v. lanceolata, glabra, 3-nervia, nervo medio
prominente. Petala fugacia non vidi. Stigmata capitellata.
Obs. À L. Schiedeano evidenter differt habitu, vegetatione, foliis
crebrius verticillatis, latioribus, margine glanduliferis et inflores-
centiæ ramis, sicut pedicelli, pilosulis.

63. L. tenellum, Cham. et Schlecht.—L. perenne undique villis
patentibus crispulis subviscosis hispidulum ; caulibus gracilibus
superne in cymas laxiusculas abeuntibus ; foliis obovatis et lan-
ceolatis v. ellipticis alternis v. passim oppositis aut 3—4-nis ;
glandulis stipularibus geminis; pedicellis capsule ovate subæ-
qualibus v. ea duplo longioribus apicem versus articulatis; sty-
lis a basi liberis; semiseptis capsule margine glabris.

Has. in sylvaticis prope Jalapam regni Mexicani, Sekiede et Deppe
ex Cham. et Schl.; ibid, Galeotti, no. 7071 et 4042 in herb.
Hook.; prope Miradores, prov. Vera Cruz, Linden, no. 822,
ibid.

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 501

L. fenellum, Cham. et Schl. in Linn. V. p. 234.
Planta tota 6—8-pollicaris, gracilis. Folia ad extremum 5 lin. lata.
Flores et fructus circiter magnitudine illorum L. cathartici.
ied be Lena

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

“The British Desminiez,” by Joux Rarrs M.R.C.S., &e.
The Drawings by EDWARD Jenner, A.L.S. London: Reeve,
Benham, and Reeve. 1848.

We can scarcely speak in too high terms of commendation of
this charming book, which is a most valuable contribution to
British Botany. Although the talented Author had previously, in
various papers, read at the meetings of the Edinburgh Botanical

Society, and subsequently published in the Annals of Natural .—

History, made us acquainted with many of the interesting species
figured in the present Work, still the numerous forms, now for
the first time described, testify to the value of this addition to
Botanical literature. The Naturalist in taking up the volume -
will recognise many species which have been figured and described
as infusory animalcules by Dr. Ehrenberg, in his splendid work
“Die Infusionthierchen,” but he will find the question as to their
Animal or Vegetable nature well treated in the introductory
pages of the present volume ;—the opinions of those who have
written on the subject in a philosophic manner are here brought
fairly before the reader, and the author has succeeded, we think,
in establishing satisfactorily the claim of these beautiful structures
to a place in the vegetable kingdom.

To the physiologist the facts brought forward with reference to
the growth and multiplication of cells, are of the highest interest.
The author has clearly shewn that each separate frond of the
Desmidiee is a single vegetable cell, and he has described the ap-
parent changes taking place in this during the growth of the
Species, in a very excellent manner :—“ In the Desmidice the
multiplication of the cells by repeated transverse divisions is full

3N2 l

502 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

of interest, both on account of the remarkable manner in which
it takes place, and because it unfolds, as I believe, the nature of
the process in other families, and furnishes a valuable addition to
our knowledge of their structure and physiology. The compressed
and deeply restricted cells of Huastrum offer most favorable oppor-
tunities for ascertaining the manner of the division; for although
the frond is really a single cell, yet this cell in all its stages ap-
pears like two, the segments being always distinct, even from the
commencement. As the connecting portion is so small, and neces-
sarily produces the new segments, which cannot arise from a
broader base than its opening, these are at first very minute,
though they rapidly increase in size. The segments are separated
by the elongation of the connecting tube, which is converted into
two roundish hyaline lobules. These lobules increase in size,
acquire colour, and gradually put on the appearance of the old
portions. Of course, as they increase, the original segments are
pushed further asunder, and at length are disconnected, each
taking with it a new segment to supply the place of that from
which it had separated. It is curious to trace the progress in de-
velopment of the new portions. At first they are devoid of colour,
and have much the appearance of condensed gelatine, but as they
increase in size the internal fluid acquires a green tint, which is at
first very faint, but soon becomes darker; at length it assumes a
granular state. At the same time the new segments increase in
size and obtain their normal figure; the covering in some species
shows the presence of puncta or granules; and lastly, in Xanthi-
dium and Staurastrum the spines and processes make their appear-
ance, beginning as new tubercles, and then lengthening until they
attain their perfect form and size; but complete separation fre-
quently occurs before the whole process is completed. This sin-
gular process is repeatede again and again, so that the older
segments are united successively, as it were, with many gene-
rations.”

The mode of reproduction in these minute plants, seeming as it
does to throw much light upon the same process in the higher
tribes of plants, is another part of the subject of especial interest

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 503

to the Physiologist, and we will allow the author to speak in his
own words. He states (at p. 9 to 11.) :—‘ The spontaneous divi-
sion of the frond is included by some writers amongst the modes
of reproduction; but this is not strictly correct, for it is rather
the manner in which the individual plant grows, since all the cells
arrive at maturity nearly at the same period and terminate their
existence about the same time. The Zesmidiez, are most probably
reproduced only in two modes; one by the escape of the granu-
lar contents of the mature frond, and the other by the formation
of sporangia, the result of the coupling of the cells. When the
cells approach maturity, molecular movements may be at times
noticed in their contents, precisely similar to what has been de-
scribed by Agardh and others, as occurring in the Conferve. This
movement has been aptly termed a swarming. It has been seen
by numerous observers,—in this country by Messrs. Dalrymple,
Jenner, Thwaites, Sidebotham, Dr. Dickie and others. The cause
of this sudden commotion cannot be ascertained ; but I have met
with it more frequently in specimens that have been kept some
days than in fresh gathered ones. When released by the opening
of the suture, the granules will still move, but more rapidly and
to a greater distance. With the subsequent history of these gra-
nules I am altogether unacquainted, but I conclude that it is simi-
lar to what has been traced in other Algæ. The second mode of
reproduction is by coupling, and the formation of sporangia. A
communication is established between two cells, and a seedlike
mass is formed in the same manner as in the Conjugate. This is |
green and granular at first, but soons becomes of a homogeneous
appearance and of a brown, or even reddish colour. There are -
however some variations in the process in the two families which
require notice. In the Conjugate, the cells conjugate whilst still
forming parts of a filament; but in the Desmidiee, the filamen-
tous species almost invariably separate into single joints before
their conjugation, and in most of the species the valves of the
cells become detached after they are emptied of their contents. In
many genera the sporangia remain smooth and unaltered; in
others they become granulated, tuberculated, or spinous; the spines

504 NOTICES OF BOOKS. `

being either simple or forked at the apex. In fact a sporangium
may pass successively through all these stages, and hence may so
change its appearance that its different states are liable to be taken
for sporangia belonging to different species. In Tiresias also we
sometimes meet with sporangia bearing spines, but in that genus
they are arranged like the spokes of a wheel, and not seattered as
in the Desmidiee. What is the nature of the sporangia and why so
complicated a process is necessary, since the species is also propa-
gated by means of the granules or zoospores which escape from
the ruptured cell, are questions to which we cannot, in the pre-
sent state of science, return a satisfactory answer. The sporangia
I consider capsules ; and this view seems to be confirmed by the
experience of Mr. Jenner, who informs me that the covering of
the sporangium swells, and a mucus is secreted, in which minute
fronds appear and, by their increase, at length rupture the atten-
uated covering. That some purpose, distinct from that performed
by the zoospores, is served by the coupling of the cells and forma-
tion of the sporangium cannot be doubted; for where we can
trace the operations of nature, we find that nothing is useless or
in vain; nor is it reasonable to suppose that this complicated pro-
cess should fulfill no other purpose than one already provided for
without it. The sporangia are most abundant in spring before
the pools dry up; and I would suggest, as no improbable conjec-
ture, that the zoospores may be gemme, analogous to those present
in Marchantia polymorpha and Lunularia vulgaris, and that they
possess merely a limited vitality, which is destroyed unless they
are at once placed in circumstances favourable to their growth,
whilst on the other hand, in the conjugated cells, some important
change takes place during the commingling of their contents and
the formation of the sporangium, like what happens in the pro-
duction of seeds in general, which renders the sporangia capable
of retaining the vital principle uninjured throughout long periods
of drought.”

We quite agree with Mr. Ralfs, in considering the contents of
the sporangium as the real reproductive matter of the species; we
-re also, with him, much disposed to view the zoospores as probably

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 505

gemmæ, in which however we should consider the function of
the latter to be that of multiplying the individual plant, rather
than of reproducing the species,

The following extracts (pages 12 and 13,) will be interesting
to the Geologist, since they relate to bodies coming under his ob-
servation not unfrequently, and respecting the nature of which
much uncertainty has been felt, though the matter seems now, by the
researches of Mr. Ralfs and others, to be set completely at rest:—
“That the orbicular spinous bodies so frequent in flint are fossil
sporangia of Desmidiee cannot, I think, be doubtful when they
are compared with figures of recent ones. Indeed one celebrated
geologist, Dr. G. Mantell, who, in his “ Medals of Creation,”
without any misgiving, had adopted Ehrenberg’s ideas concerning
them, has changed his opinion, and in his last work regards them
as having been reproductive bodies, although he is still uncertain
whether they are of vegetable origin. Ehrenberg and his fol-
lowers describe these bodies as fossil species of Xanthidium, but
no doubt erroneously, since their structure is very different. For
the true Xanthidium has a compressed, bipartite, and bivalved
cell, whilst these fossils have a globose and entire one. The fos-
sil forms vary like, recent sporangia, in being smooth, bristly or
furnished with spines, which in some are simple, and in others
branched at the extremity. Sometimes too, a membrane may be
traced, even more distinctly than in recent specimens, either cover-
ing the species or entangled with them. Some writers describe -
the fossil forms as having been siliceous in their living state, but
Mr. Williamson informs me that he possesses specimens which
exhibit bent spines and torn margins, and thus wholly contra-
dict the idea that they were siliceous before they were imbedded
in the flint.”

We must not omit to bear testimony to the great beauty a
perfect accuracy of the drawings which illustrate the work; they
do credit to the pencil of the Author’s able coadjutor Mr. Edward
Jenner, whose valuable assistance has been fully and properly ac-
knowledged by Mr. Ralfs in the preface to the volume: and we
have great pleasure in taking this opportunity of expressing the

506 NOTICES OF BOOKS. i

satisfaction we have experienced in finding throughout the book
that spirit of fairness towards others, whose researches have been _
made use of, which always adds so much to our esteem for an author, :
and to our confidence in what he advances on the result of his own
investigations.

The value of the work to them who would wish to examine for
themselves the numerous beautiful structures therein described
and figured, is much increased by the full directions given for find*
ing and securing specimens, and for preserving them for sae
microscopical examination.

Many have expressed to us a wish that the jue c
equally interesting and beautiful group of minute plants, may be
illustrated, in a similar manner with the Desmidiee, by the same
talented pen and pencil, and we feel quite sure that the author’s
reputation would insure for such a work a favourable reception by

. the public. We could have wished that the introduction to the
present volume had not been put into type until the last possible
moment, since the views therein expressed by the author with
reference to the Diatomaceæ must have undergone some modifi-
cation when he became acquainted with Mr. Thwaites’s discoveries
as to their mode of reproduction, announced some months ago in
the “ Annals of Natural History;" we trust, however, soon to
hear that Mr. Balfs is again devoting his particular attention to
this tribe of plants, with a view to the production of such a work
as has been suggested; when we doubt not that his excellent
powers of observation will bring to our knowledge many interest- |
ing phenomena of vegetable life of the highest physiological
importance. i

. PrawrEs NOUVELLES ou Rares d’ AMERIQUE; par STEPHANO

Moricanr. Geneva: 1846, 4to.

This work, containing outline figures, and occasionally a few dis-
sections, of new or rare plants of S. America, chiefly of Drazil, is
brought to a conclusion in one vol. 4to., with 173 pages of letter-
press and 100 plates. We could wish from so rich a field, that
more interesting subjects had been chosen than those that appear -
here, for such would have much increased the value of the work-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. ` 507

Sur la Famille des Linens; par J. E. PLANCHON, Docteur-ès-
Sciences.
(Continued from page 501.)

64. L. scabrellum, Planch.—L. undique cinereo-scabrellum ;
caule (secundario?) stricto superne in ramos plures fastigiatos
apice paucifloros diviso; foliis parvis conferte alternis erecto-
imbricatis linearibus acutis; glandulis stipularibus 2 ; floribus
breviter pedicellatis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis cuspidatis capsulam
ovatam acutam superantibus; petalis flavis cuneato-oblongis
apice truncatis calyce plus duplo longioribus; stylis a basi
liberis.

Has. in regni Mexicani ditione Zimapan, Dr. Coulter, no. 754 in
herb. Hook. a cl. Harvey comm.

Caules in specimine simplices, (sed verosimiliter e basi communi
avulsi), circiter 7—8-pollicares, graciles, lignescentes, foliis arrec-
tis undique tecti. Folia sessilia, linearia, 3—4 lin. longa, semi-
lineam v. ultra lata, sepius semitorta et apice acuto leviter in-
curvo-faleata, superiora ad basim ramulorum sepius latiora,
cæterum sensim in bracteas subulatas abeuntia. Flores sat
conferti, eis L. Gallici subæquales. Pedicelli superiores calyce
breviores, inferiores et præsertim fructiferi longiores. Sepala
acutissima trinervia. Stigmata capitellata. Capsula grano
Piperis minor.

Ser. ****Halolinum, vide vol. VI., p. 598.

65. L. tenue, Desf.—L. annuum glaberrimum ; caule levi sæpius
sulcato; foliis anguste-linearibus v. lineari-lanceolatis 1-3-ner-
viis acutissimis, margine vix scabriusculis; corymbi compositi
ramis apice cymiferis, pedicellis fructiferis demum unilateraliter
cymoso-racemosis calyce paulo brevioribus (infimis interdum
duplo longioribus); sepalis cuspidatis corolla triplo breviori-
bus, capsulam acutam superantibus.

Has. in Lusitania, Hispania australi, et Mauritania.— Lusitania,
eirca Thomar et in Sierra da Arrabida, Brotero flor.—* Hispania,
VOL. VII, ee

508 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

in arenosis regionis calidze provincie Granatensis, rarius in re-
gionem montanam ascendens; circa A/hawrin copiose, circa
Marbella, Estepona, San Roque, ad radices Sierra Nevada prope
pagum Ja Subia alt. 0— 3000," Boiss.; Sierra Nevada, Hb.
Hook. a cl. Kunze. comm.; Mauritania, in collibus incultis
Algerie, Hö. Hook.; in regno Maroccano, Schousb.

L. tenue, Desf. Fl. Atl. vol. I. p. 280, tab. 81.

L. melianthum, Brotero, Fl. Lusit. vol. I. p. 484 (monente cl.
Doiss.)

L. virgatum, Schousb. ex Saltzm.

L. scabrum, Kunze in Hb. Hook.

Sepala 1-3-nervia margine ciliato-glandulifera. Stigmata longi-
uscule lineari-clavata.

66. L. maritimum, L.—L. perenne glaberrimum leve glaucescens;
folis elliptico-lanceolatis v. linearibus, inferioribus oppositis,
pedicellis fructiferis capsula triente v. duplo longioribus; sepa-
lis ovatis breviter cuspidatis petalis plus triplo brevioribus,
capsule ovato-globosæ, subobtusa parum longioribus v. subæ-
qualibus. :

Has. in maritimis v. submaritimis Europ: australis, occidentalis,
et Mauritanize.— Gallia occidentalis, prope Nantes (Loire infé-
rieure), Lat. circit. 47°. 12’. fide cl. Mutel. Fl. Frang. (Locus
natalis, dum mappam geographicam distributiones Linearum
exstruxi, mihi ignotus.)—Gallia australis, prope Monspe-
lium (semper in maritimis); se olim; Delphinatus, prope
Seuze et Courteizon; 3/7. ex Mut.—Italia, prope Nice; ex Mu-
tel; Istria, prope Tergesti; Benth. Mull. in herb. Hook.— —
Sardinia; Mull. in herb Hook. Moris.—Corsica; Soleirol.
—Hispania, in paludosis maritimis (provincie Granaten-
sis), Malaga en la Dehesilla ; Haenseler ex Boiss. et ad rivulos
regionis montane inter Granada et Guejar de la Sierra, alt.
0—3000'." — Boiss.— Mauritania, prope Za Calle ; Bové in herb.
Hook. (forma sepalis longioribus et magis acuminatis a stirpe
gemina paululum recedens.) |

L. maritimum, L. sp. I. p. 400. et herb. no. 14. (specimen ex hort.
Ups.)—Reichenb. icon. Fl. Germ. fig. 5172 et 5173. 8. (sub.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 509

nomine J. Davurici Schult. que species in plantam hortensem
exstructa verosimiliter in Davuria non provenit.)

Subgen. IV. Syllinum, Griseb. spicil. p. 115— vide supra, p. 598.

Ser. I, Limoniopsis, Planch. vide supra, ibid.

67. L. aretioides, Boiss.—'*L. perenne dense pulvinato-cæspitosum
glaberrimum ; caudiculis dense foliorum vetustorum relliquiis
fibrillosis vestitis apice foliosis unifloris; folis ad apicem
caulium fasciculatis anguste linearibus subsetaceis brevibus
acutiusculis uninerviis albo marginatis floralibus apice dila-
tato-subspathulatis; floribus in cespite sessilibus; calycis
lobis ovatis acuminatis albo marginatis serrulatis eglandulo-
sis; petalis obovatis luteis calyce duplo longioribus, capsula
flavescente rotunda calyce longiore." „Boiss.

Has. “in regione alpina summa, in cacumine montis Cadmi
supra Geyra, et Tmoli, supra vallem Bozdag.” Boiss. in Hb.
Hook.

68. L. Cariense, Boiss.—“L. perenne basi suffruticosum multi-
caule totum sub lente parce puberulum glaucescens; caulibus
humilibus simplicibus acute augulatis foliosis; folis lineari-
subspathulatis uninerviis carinatis obtusis breviter mucronula-
tis margine ciliatulis infimis minimis imbricato approximatis
ceteris majoribus sparsis; floribus paucis ad apices caulium
laxe corymbosis; sepalis glabris, anguste lanceolatis ciliatulis
corolla lutea 3-plo brevioribus; staminibus longitudine calycis;
stylis eo longioribus: capsula calyce paulo breviore." Boiss.

Has. in Caria. C. Pinard in herb. Hook. a cl. Boiss. communicat.

L. Cariense, Boiss. diagn. pl. nov. or. V. p. 86.

69. L. flavum, L.—L. fruticulosum glaberrimum ; ramis (7-12-
pollicaribus) profunde sulcato-angulatis ; foliis spathulato-ob- -
longis (superioribus lanceolato-linearibus) 1-3-nerviis florali-
bus subulatis oppositis ; glandulis stipularibus 2; cymæ fasti-
giatæ ramis primariis subæquilongis ; sepalis i tis brevi-
ter cuspidatis corolla campanulata 3—4-plo brevioribus capsu-
lam acutam æquantibus v. vix superantibus.

Var. 8. Ucranicum, Griseb.—omni parte minus; cyma pauciflora
(ex specimine imperfecto mihi non satis notum).

302

510 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Has. forma typica in Europa australi-orientali, a Carinthia in
Rossiam Australem et in provinciis Caucasicis.—Germania, a
Carinthia per Styriam in Austriam, Bohemiam, et Moraviam,
nec non prope Ulm. “Koch. syn.—Thracia: Friwaldsky, Griseb.
—Rossia; ad Djomaflur et ad Volgam ; Pallas in herb. Hook.
(sub nomine L. campanulati.)—Rossia media, Volhynia, Kursk,
Tambou, Pensa, Simbirsk, et alibi; ad Volgam mediam prope
Ufa, Orenburg.” Ledeb. Fl. Ross.—Ross. australis: Kiev.,
Podolia, Cherson ad Tanaim." Ledeb. l. c. Odessa; Besser in
herb. Hook. (sub nomine L. Taurici)— Provincie Caucasice,
promont. Cauc. occid. prope acidulam Narzana alt. 500 hexam.
C. A. Mey; Iberia, Wilkems; prope Helenendorf; Hohe E
ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

Obs. Stirps in variis locis Galliz australis sub nomine Z. flavi a
cl. Mut. (Fl. Frang., p. 184.) indicata mihi plane ignota.

Var. 8. in Thracia, Griseb. in herb. Hook. (an non etiam in Ucra-
nia, ut nomine intelligitur.)

L. flavum, L. sp. 1. p. 279. et herb! Reich. icon. Fl. Germ. f.
5175. et 5175. B. (hæc sub nomine Z. tawrici Willd. seu Zini
flavi var. uninervis Roch. forma augustifolia, humilior et graci-
lior stirpis typicæ.)

L. glandulosum e, D. C. prod. I. p. 425.

70. L. capitatum, Kit.—L. fruticulosum humile glabrum; foliis in-
fimis rosulatis spathulatis margine glabris (rectius levibus?)
superioribus lanceolatis acutis acuminatisque margine scabris ;
glandulis stipularibus 2; cyma 3-10-flora in capitulum con-
tracta; sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis subserratis.

Has. in alpe Croatica P/issivieza ; Kit. ex Schult. etiam prope
Ulm; Petitpierre in herb. Smith.

L. capitatum, Kit. ex Rem. syst. vol. VI, p. 751.— Reich. icon. Fl.
Germ. f. 5174.

Species mihi plane dubia. Specimen quod in herb. Smithio
vidi a L. favo diversum censui; sed nunc hoc mihi non adest,
et igitur ex descriptione Schultesiana et icone Reichenbachia
diagnosim exstruere coactus sum.

(L. capitatum, Griseb. in herb. Hook. (ut synonymon ad Z.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 511

flavum var. Alpinum Griseb. (MSS. ?) refertum foliis superi-
oribus margine erispo fimbriiferis, et habitu ad L. Curiense
accedit.)

(L. serrulatum, Bertol. a cl. Reich. in textu ad icon. 5174, ad
L. capitatum refertum, mihi plane ignotum est; nec flora Italica
preclari auctoris mihi suppetit.)

71. L. Pamphylicum, Boiss. et Heldr.—L. fruticulosum glabrum
humile; caulibus virgatis tenuiter lineato-angulatis; foliis
alternis lanceolato-linearibus acutissime cuspidatis glauco-viri-
dibus uninerviis margine leviter scabris floralibus suboppo-
sitis; glandulis stipularibus 2 minutis; cymis paucifloris ter-
indies contractis; floribus subsessilibus; sepalis e basi
ovata lanceolato-cuspidatis margine minutissime denticulatis
petalis plus duplo brevioribus.

Diagnosis e specimine Kurdistanico (in herb. Lindl.) olim a me
in schedulis descripto et fere absque dubio ad stirpem Heldrei-
chianam spectante. Hsec ultima tamen (quam vidi) sub oculis
non adest.

Has. in Pamphylia. ; Heldreich in herb. Hook. et in regno Kur-
distano. Brandt in herb. Lindl.

Caudiculi abbreviati lignosi denudati, tortuosi, epidermide grisea
vestiti, vix pollicares caules 6-7-pollicares virgatos agentes.
Folia (in parte infima caulium sub anthesi nulla) erecta, inter-
nodiis longiora, a basi ad apicem caulis sensim majora, suprema
vix 1-poll. longa, 2 lin. lata, omnia plane sessilia, apice acutissi-
me subfalcata. Cyma circiter 7-flora, ramulis secundartis oppo- —
sitis. Petala pallide flava.

Obs. Species inter Z. flavum et L. campanulatum quasi media,
a priore distineta foliis lanceolato-linearibus, acuminatis, nec sub-
spathulatis et trinerviis, floribus paucioribus, densius congestis ;
a posteriore floribus paulo minoribus et corymbo contracto.

12. L. campanulatum, L.—L. fruticulosum glabrum vix glauces-
cens; folis inferioribus spathulatis confertis supremis lanceo-
lato-linearibus oppositis; glandulis stipularibus 2; cymæ ramu-
lis paucis inæqualibus demum sparsifloris ; sepalis lanceolato-
linearibus cuspidatis ultra 4 lin. longis margine membranaceo

512 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

vix erosulis corolla infundibuliformi campanulata subtriplo bre-
vioribus capsulam anguste ovatam acuminatam superantibus.
Has. in Gallia australi—prope Monspelium; Benth. in herb.

Hook. et ipse olim.—in Delphinatu prope Ventavon; Villars

—in Pyreneis prope Villefranche; Lapeyr ex Mutel. Fl. Frang.

(hiloci natales mihi dubii.)

L. campanulatum, L. sp. p. 400.—Reich. icon. Fl. Germ. f. 5175.
(an igitur stirps Germanica? sed cl. Koch illam e synopsi ex-
cludit, nec Fl. Germanica cl. Reichenbachii mihi suppetit, ut du-
bia solvere possim.)

13. L. Simsii, Planch.—L. fruticosum 2-8-pedale (et ultra ?) ;
ramis pluries divisis denudatis ramulis floridis longiusculis,
foliosis superne in cymam laxam demum remotifloram abeun-
tibus; foliis anguste spathulato-oblongis inferioribus subcon-
fertis; cymæ ramis alternis demum elongatis ; sepalis lanceolato-
linearibus corolla 3—4-plo brevioribus; petalis flavis concoloribus.

Bak. usu ex Oriente in hortos Anglie a Sibthorpio (ann.
1788) introducta. In horto Kewensi vidi ipse stirpem cultam
sub nomine Z. arborei, in omnibus cum icone Simsiana, sed
minime cum illa Z. arborei, Fl. Græca tab. 305, congruentem.
Specimina hujus mihi non suppetunt, et ideo ex icone Simsiana
character specificum exstruxi.

L. arboreum, Sims. Bot. Mag. tab. 234. exclus. syn. Linn? non
. Sibth. et Sm. Fl. Greece.

Obs. Il suffit de jeter un coup d’ceil sur la figure du Z. arbo-
reum du Botanical Magazine et sur celle du Z. arborewm du Flora
Greca pour voir qu'elles représentent deux plantes différentes.
Le nom d’ arboreum ne convient pas plus à l une qu’ à |’ autre,
et devrait probablement être rejeté, d’ autant plus que Linneus
n’ ayant fait cette espèce que sur I’ autorité d’une figure proba-
blement grossière (je n’ ai pas sous les yeux |’ ouvrage de Prosper
Alpin ou elle se trouve), il est sans doute difficile de savoir quel en
est le vrai type. J’ ai conservé le nom d? arboreum à la plante du
Flora Greca à cause de la localité, qui est explicitement indiquée,
tandis que celle de la plante de Sims est comprise sous le
terme vague d' Orient.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 513

74. L. arboreum, Sibth. et Sm.—L. fruticulosum 3-pedale gla-
brum leve; caulibus ramosis denudatis; ramis floridis longius-
culis erassis a basi ad apicem subæqualiter foliosis; folis re-
curvo-patentibus alternis internodiis multo longioribus recur-
vo-patentibus spathulatis obtusiusculis trinerviis; cymulis plu-
ribus paucifloris in paniculam basi foliosam multifloram termi-
nalem collectis; floribus congestis breviter pedicellatis; sepalis
obovatis acuminatis corolla duplo brevioribus; petalis obovatis,
flavis lineis aurantiacis vittatis. (Charact. ex icone Fl. Greca et
e descript.)

Has. in montibus Sphacioticis elatioribus Crete. Sith. et Sm.

L. arboreum, Sibth. et Sm. Fl. Greca. vol. 4. tab. 305. excl. syn.
Sims. et Ait. ?

Obs. Corolla ex icone magnitudine ille Z. flavi, illa IL. Sim-
siz conspicue brevior, imprimis ob tubi brevitatem. Charactere
illo stirps pre Z. flavum sese habet, ut Lin. Simsii pre L. cam-
pauulatum. Styli ex Smithio variant inter numerum quinarium
normale et binarium. Glandule stipulares in icone desiderantur,
sed fere absque dubio in natura observandæ.

15. L. cæspitosum, Sibth. et Sm.—L. fruticulosum glaberrimum
glaucescens; ramis (v. caulibus) e caudice crasso multicipiti
pluribus abbreviatis basi rosulato-foliosis apice in cymam
paucifloram abeuntibus; foliis acutis infimis ramealibusque
spathulatis floralibus oblongo-linearibus alternis; floribus in
cyma 5-2 v. subinde solitariis; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis capsu-
lam subglobosam acuminatam subequantibus; stylis a basi
distinctis. |

B? Siebert: elatius, caule fruticoso crasso ramisque lateralibus
numerosis sæpius intricato-tortuosis denudatis ramulis extre-
mis 2—4-pollicaribus (cyma adjecta) foliis-ramealibus oblongo-
linearibus summis basim cymæ stipantibus oppositis v. sub-
oppositis v. alternis; cyma contracta; sepalis eximie cuspidatis.
An sp. distincta ?

Has. forma typica in montibus elatioribus Crete. Sith. ef Sm.
(an locus natalis certus ?)—var. 8. in Creta, ad Therisk. Sted.

L. cespitosum, Sibth. et Sm. Fl. Græca, tab. 306.

514 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Var. 8. L. arboreum, Sieb. non Sibth. et Sm.

An. ad varietatem 8. tradendum L. globulariefolium, Poir. Encycl.
supp. III. p. 754, quamvis calyces obtusi et flores peduncu-
lati obstare videantur, quum descriptiones Poiretianze sepius
fallaces et minime accuratæ.

Descriptio var. 8.—Fruticulus habitu /Aeridis nina 1-1}-
pedalis (?). Caulis (in speciminibus Sieberianis inferne abscissus)
diametro circiter 2-2}, sæpius tortuosus, hine inde ramos late-
rales, alternos, denudatos, divaricatos, v. patenti-erectos agens,
mox iterum trifurcato v. umbellato-ramulosus. Ramuli extremi
14-4-pollicares, aliis sterilibus, aliis apice cyma subcapitata
3-7-flora terminatis, lineis e foliorum lateribus decurrentibus
foliorum striatis. Folia in parte inferiore ramulorum sat con-
ferta alterna spathulata circiter pollicaria, 2-3 lin. lata, acu-
tiuscula v. subobtusa sphacelato-submucronulata crassa avenia
nervo medio utrinque prominulo, in facie supera infra apicem
evanescente; ramealia internodiis 9—5-plo longiora, patenti-
erecta, seepius oblongo-linearia, nune apice paulo latiora, rarissime
spathulata 3—4 lin. longa, 1-lin. lata, acuta v. brevi acuminata,
summa duo ad basim corymbi opposita v. subopposita v. alterna,
floralia linearia v. subulata calyee breviora. Glandulæ stipu-
lares 2, nigræ. Flores in cyma regulariter semel v. bis trifurca,
aut subalterne divisa, brevissime pedicellati, illis Z. campanu-
lati, ut videtur, paulo minores. Sepala inæqualia, exteriora 9
lanceolata in cuspidem acutissimum subrecurvum producta, in-
teriora 2 ovata, abrupte cuspidata, margine scarioso minute
erosa, cæterum omnia herbacea membranacea, siccitate viridia,
nervo dorsali longe infra apicem evanescente. Pedicelli fructiferi

1-2 lin. longi, alterni v. oppositii cum altero interjecto, supra
medium articulati. Capsula calyci subæqualis? Piso paulo
major, subglobosa, brevi acuminata; fenestra semiseptorum
latissima.

Obs. En comparant avec la figure citée du Flora Greca la
plante que je viens de décrire comme une variété du L. cæspito-
sum, on doit croire que cette dernière constitue une espèce dis-
tincte. Cependant est-ce un simple ramuseule de cette plante que

SÛR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 515

porte dans P? herbier de Smith le nom de L. cespitosum ; et quoi-
que cet échantillon tronqué ne laisse pas deviner s’il a été pris
sur un buisson d’ un pied et demi de hauteur, ou sur un dont les
branches inférieures s? élevaient à peine d? une pouce, mes souve-
nirs me représentent le fragment en question comme identique en
tous points avec un des nombreux ramuscules de la plante que
j'ai décrite. Celle-ci ne saurait être le L. arboreum du Flora
Greca, mais c'est probablement à elle que se rapporte la phrase
caractérisque de Tournefort: Tinum Cretieum fruticosum, foliis
Globulariæ, fore luteo. Si Poiret a fait entrer dans la diagnose
de cette dernière plante (qu'il a décrite sous le nom de L. Globu-
lariefolium) V expression de Zaciniis calycinis obtusis, c^ est peut-
étre parceque ces parties ont été tronquées par quelque accident
dans ? échantillon qu’ il avait sous les yeux; car le caractère en
‘question serait insolite et inattendu dans aucune espèce du genre.
J’ ai décrit avee détail la plante de Sieber, parcequ' elle pour-
rait bien être distincte de celle du Flora Greca. Je vois, en effet,
une plante* récoltée par Aucher sur le Mont Athos (oà Sibthorpe
a herborisé), et qui parait ne différer du Linum cæspitosum, Fl.
Greca, que par ses feuilles inférieures le plus souvent compliquées
(complicata), et celles des rameaux qui sont moins attenuées à la
base, et cette espèce quelle qu'elle soit diffère certainement de
mon Lin. cespitosum B Siebert. Malheureusement |’ échantillon
d" Aucher est fort imparfait, et ne peut être identifié avec entière
certitude avec aucune autre. Mais n'est-il pas possible que la :
figure du L. cæspitosum se rapporte en effet à elle, et que la loca-
lité de Créte aura été plus tard substitué par erreur à celle du
Mont Athos? Ou bien I’ espèce serait-elle commune aux deux
endroits? Voilà des questions qui sont pour moi insolubles, mais
que de meilleurs matériaux que ceux qui sont à ma portée ren-
dront peutêtre facile à M. Boissier, ou à tout autre des botanistes.
qui jettent tous les jours une nouvelle lumière sur la flore si riche
de ces contrées.

76. L. nodiflorum, L.—L. annuum glaberrimum, caulibus ramis-
- que profunde suleatis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, inferioribus
* C" est le E. iberidifolium, Auch. MSS. no. 837.

VOL. VII. 9r

516 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

basi plus minus attenuatis, glandulis stipularibus 2, cymæ di-
chotome ramis demum remotifloris, pedicellis fructiferis brevis-
simis, sepalis longe linearibus corolla dimidio brevioribus cap-
sulam ovatam acutam longe superantibus.

Has. ab Istria versus orientem usque ad Euphratem et mare Cas-
pium extensa.—Istria, prope Tergestem; Benth.in herb. Hook.—
Dalmatia; Petter, ibid—Insula Cherso; Noe, ex Koch.—
Grecia, prope Athenas, Swainson in herb Hook.—Creta; Sieber,
ibid.—Insule Cyprus et Zacyntha; Sidth.—Insule Archipe-
lagi Græci et Asia minor, Auch. no. 821.—prope Odessam; Auch.
no. 827.—in regione calida Chalcidicis sparse ad viam inter
Galatzista et Salonichi, in campis alt. 0-400’; Griseb. spicil.—
Karakoba, Pallas in herb. Hook.—Tauria; Pall. M. Bieb. ex
Ledeb. Iberia, territor. Elizabethpol et prov. Talisch, alt. 500
hexap. ex Ledeb.— Montes ad mare Caspium; Awcher, no.
4273. A.—Mons Taurus; Kotschy, secus Euphratem; Ches-
ney, no. 186.

L. nodiflorum, L. sp. p. 401.—Reichenb. icon. fl. Germ. 5171.

L. campauaceum, L. herb.

** Floribus albis.

TT. L. album, Kotschy, MSS.—annuum?, glaberrimum, glau-
cescens ; caulibus ascendentibus, inferne ramuliferis, superne in
cymam laxam pauci- et remotifloram abeuntibus, obtuse sulcato-
striatis, albidis, nitidis, lævissimis ; foliis obovato-oblongis, uni-
et obsolete triplinerviis, margine albido vix erosulo scabriuscu-
lis; glandulis stipularibus 0; floribus subsessilibus, magnis ;
sepalis lanceolato-linearibus, anguste albo-marginatis, erosulis.

Has. in Persia australi; inter segetes in collibus prope urbem
Sehiraz; Kotschy, no. 347 in herb. Hook.—Maio 1842.

Habitus Z. nodiflori, sed planta magis glaucescenti-albida, (in
sicco) ; glandule stipulares 0; corolla alba, magna; infundi-
buliformi-campanulata. A Z. Persico, cui valde similis, differt
radice annua? cyma ramosa et sepalis angustioribus, anguste
nec late marginatis.

78. L. Persicum, Boiss.—fruticulosum glaberrimum glauces-
cens, caulibus virgatis, simplicibus v. supra medium bifurcis,

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 517

ramis (v. caulibus) apice unifloris ; foliis raris, oblongis, com-
plicatis, recurvis; glandulis stipularibus 0; sepalis ovatis, cus-
pidatis, late pellucido-marginatis, capsule subæqualibus ?

Var. 8. Aucheri.—Folis linearibus, planiusculis, erectis, sepalis
angustioribus.

Has. in Persia Australi; in convallibus ad radices montis Kuh-
Daéna; Kotschy, no. 729 in herb. Hook.—Julio, 1842.—
Var. B. in Persia Australi; Awcher, no. 4276 ibid.

L. Persicum, Boiss. in Pl. Kotsch.

Specimina stirpis typicæ quse video imperfectissima et deflorata
Aplophylla queedam referunt; Aucheriana perfectiora sed aliis
notis indicatis recedentes. Corolla in illis infundibuliformi-
campanulata alba, calyce 3—4 plo longior.

19. L. Zeucanthum, Boiss. et Sprunn.—L. basi fruticulosum, gla-
berrimum, glaucescens; caulibus ascendentibus, brevibus, angu-
latis; foliis inferioribus rosulatis, spathulatis, caulinisque line-
aribus alternis; summis floralibus oppositis et suboppositis ;
glandulis stipularibus 2; cymis semel v. bis bifurcis, pauci- et
demum remotifloris; pedicellis fructiferis brevibus ; sepalis li-
nearibus, longe subulato-cuspidatis capsula ovata acuta multo
longioribus.

Has. in Grecia; “in rupibus calcareis aridissimis Hymetti, prope
Athenas et in promontorio Sunio,” Boiss.—Hymettus ; Boiss.
in herb. Hook.

L. leucanthum, Boiss. et Sprunn. diagns pl. or. nov. I. p. 55.
Habitus Z. flavi, a quo florum colore eximie differt.

80. L. velutinum, Steud. fruticulosum, pilis simplicibus velutino-
cinereum ; foliis spathulatis (inferioribus rosulatis), uniner-
viis; glandulis stipularibus 0; cyma (forsan in specimine de-
pauperato) 2—4-flora contracta; petalorum unguibus in tubum
longum connatis; stylis basi ima connatis; sepalis eglandulo-
sis e basi ovata in cuspidem capsulam duplo et ultra superantem
contracta.

Has. in Kurdistania; in fissuris rupium caleareorum montis Gara;
Kotschy, pl. Mesop. Kurdist. (ete.) no. 356. (sub nomine
adoptato.)

3 Pp 2

518 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Habitus quodammodo 4/yssi orientalis. Rami vetusti abbreviati,
denudati, cortice cinereo, suberoso, puberulo vestiti. Ramuli
floridi 3—4-pollicares, parce foliosi, floribus 3—4 intra folia su-
prema brevissime pedicellatis; capsula parva, ovata, acuta, semi-
septis margine glabris.

Color florum ignotus; ideo inter Linos albifloros ob defectum
glandularum stipularium collocatum ; an recte? Certe ad sect.
Limoniopsidum pertinent.

Ser. **Dasyiinum, Planch. vide supra, vol. VI. p. 598.

81. L. Olympicum, Boiss. “ perenne, suffruticulosum, humile; cau-
diculis ramosis, basi nudis; foliis parvis, elliptico-lanceola-
tis, acutis, obsolete uninerviis, parce et adpresse hirsutis; cau-
libus foliosis brevibus, simplicibus, breviter hirtellis; calyci-
bus adpresse hirsutis, laciniis lanceolatis acuminatis glanduloso-
ciliatis; corolla violacescente calyce triplo longiore." Boiss.

Has. “in excelsis Olympi Bithynici.” Boiss.—Aucher, no. 838 in
herb. Hook.

L. Olympicum, Boiss. diagn. pl. or. nov. I. p. 56.

82. L. hirsutum, L. perenne, caulibus pube brevi crispula v. pa-
tente indutis; foliis caulinis oblongis v. oblongo-linearibus,
3—5-nerviis, superioribus margine glanduliferis v. nudis; cymæ
(floriferæ conferte corymbosæ) ramis fructiferis elongatis; se-
palis ovato-lanceolatis longe cuspidatis, adpresse villosis cap-
sula ovata acuminata longioribus. Corolla campanulata, cæru-
lescens.

Var. a. foliis utrinque plus minus villosis.

L. hirsutum, L. sp. 378.—Mautel, fl. Franc. p. 182. (excl. syn. fl.
Greeca.)—Reichenb. icon. fl. Germ. tab. 5166.

— g. foliis utrinque glabriusculis, angustioribus, 3-nerviis.

— y. foliis fere omnibus calycibusque margine glanduliferis.

L. Anatolicum, Boiss. diagn. pl. nov. or. fasc. 1. p. 56. monente
cl. Grisebachio.

Has. a Nicæa et agro Badensi per Europam australi-orientalem in
Asiam minorem, Syriam et provincias Caucasicas.—Gallia ; Gal-
loprovincia? Mutel, fl.—Ditio Rhenana, prope Baden, Vawter
ex Mutel.—Styria, Moravia, Austria inferior; Koch, syn.—

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 519

Thracia prope Philippopolin et in Hæmo, Frivaldsky; ex Gri-
seb.—Rossia australis; Podolia australis; Besser in herb.
Hook.—prope Odessam; Aucher, no. 832, ibid.—Ucrania,
gubern. Cherson, Yekatarinoslav, Provinciæ Caucasicæ, Ledeb.
fl.—Armenia Rossica. Koch, ex Ledeb.—Pisidia, ad laeum
Egirdib ; Heldreich in herb. Hook.

Var. 8. in pratis Hungarie ; Dr. Pfendler in herb. Hook. et vero-
similiter alibi, cum forma vulgari.

Var. y in Phrygiæ, Cariæ et Lydiæ collibus argillosis, Boiss.—Bi-
thynia prope Brousse; Auch. no. 830, bis.—Syria; Auch. no. —
830.—Lycania; in arenosis volcanicis montis Karadagh, ad
Larenda; Heldreich, in herb. Hook.

83. L. viscosum, L. perenne, pilis crispulis v. patentibus pubes-
cens; foliis oblongis v. oblongo-lanceolatis, 3-5-nerviis, utrin-
que glabriusculis v. pilis paucis longis sparsis, superioribus
floralibus sepalisque glanduloso-ciliatis, cymæ ramis fructiferis

` demum elongatis; pedicellis fructiferis inferioribus haud crassis
capsula longioribus ; sepalis lanceolatis, breve cuspidatis, par-
cissime pilosulis, capsulam ovatam acuminatam paulo superan-
tibus; corolla campanulata rosea subtriplo brevioribus.

Has. in Gallia? Italia superiore et Germania inferiore.— Gallia ;
Pyrenæi, Sedella de la Manera et Sin; Zapeyr. ex Mutel; Gal-
loprovincia? Mut.—lItalia; Ager Nicæensis, Duby, Mutel;
Friuli; Benth in herb. Hook.—Carinthia, Tyrolia australis ;
Koch, syn.—Bavaria superior, prope Monachum; Schultz ex
Mutel; J. Gay in herb. Hook.

L. viscosum, L. sp. p. 398.—Mutel, fl. Franc. 1. p. 183.—Rei-
chenb. icon. fl. Germ. F. 1567.

84. L. pubescens, Russell. L. annuum ; caulibus teretibus, levi-
bus, superne corymboso-divisis, inter folia densa patenti-pilosu-
lis; foliis alternis, intermediis ovato-oblongis, basi obtusis, apice
acutiusculis, 5-nerviis, preter villos raros submarginales v. in
disco sparsos glabrescentibus supremis glanduloso-ciliatis ;
cymæ composite ramis apice confertifloris; sepalis e basi lan-
ceolato-lineari, in acumen lineare longum, basi subconti-
nuum et multo longiorem herbaceum productis, piloso-ciliatis,

520 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

subeglandulosis ; antheris ovato-oblongis basi profunde emar-
ginatis; stylis ad medium connatis; ovario stipitato glabro.

L. pubescens, Russ. Alep:

Var. 8. Sidthorpianwm: humilius, foliis caulinis oblongis, 3-ner-
viis, corymbi floriferi ramis laxioribus, minus ramosis. Hec
variat caule gracili, simplicissimo, 3—4-pollicari, vel caulibus
pluribus e radice gracili ascendentibus, intermedio 7-pollicari ;
pilis albis v. ramis passim nigrescentibus.

L. piliferum, Presl. fl. Sic. p. 171.

L. Sibthorpianum, Reuter, ex Boiss.—Reut. in Mem. de Gén.

8. p. 283. tab. 3. ex Walp.

L. decoloratum, Griseb. spicil. fl. Rum. I. p. 117.

L. hirsutum, Fl. Græca, tab. 302. non L. monent. Reut. et
Grisebach.

Has. Forma typica in Syria prope Aleppum, Dr. Russell in herb.
Banks. (ubi vidi spec. authent.) et in Libano, herb. Hook.

Var. g. in Sicilia prope Kephaloidim in pascuis apricis regionis
colline; Presl, flor. Sic.—in Creta; Sieb. (sub nomine L. Žir-
suti,) monente Presl.—in Macedonia et Bithynia; sparse in
umbrosis regionis Quercus Cerris prope Vodenam alt. 1500'—
1700'; in herbidis Olympi Bithynici; Griseb. Spicil.—in agro
Eliensi et insule Cypri campestribus; 85444. et Sm.—in fruti-
cetis montis Torniki Argolidis ; Heldreich in herb. Hook.

Descriptio speciminis Libanotici:— Herba pedalis. Caules e
collo radicis simplicis 4, e quibus 2 fertiles, inæquales, alteri
steriles stoloniformes, foliis angustioribus tecti. Folia infima,
cito collabentia, anguste obovata, obtusa, basi attenuata, spira
pauciseriali disposita, intermedia (caulium fertilium) ovato-ob-
longa, v. subovata, erecto-imbricata, cauli semiadpressa, circiter
pollicaria, dimidio lata, basi sæpius oblique subamplicata et
ibidem obtusissima v. subcordata, omnia viridia, herbacea, sublæ-
via, pilis albis raris præsertim versus marginem sparsa. Cyma
(caulis centralis) quinquies-sexties dichotome divisa, ramis inferi-
oribus (infimo excepto) flore alari subsessili et versus furcati-
onem foliis 2 ovatis, v. oblongis, oppositis v. suboppositis in-
structis ; supremis conferte cymoso-floriferis. Flores subsessiles-

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 521

Sepala linearia (in cuspidem basi continuum includens), 4-5 lin.
longa, basi vix lin. lata et ibi elevato-trinervia, nervis albidis,
cuspide basi triplo et ultra longiore, acutissimo, viridi, glan-
dulis stipitatis ciliatis, pilisque paucis sparso. Petala calyce
plus duplo longiora.

Species dubia sedis.

85. L. carneum, A. S. H. “ glabrum, caule basi suffruticoso, foliis
oppositis, superioribus paucis alternis, erectis subimbrica-
tis, lanceolato-linearibus acutissimis, basi obtusis glaucescenti-
bus; panicula subcoarctata, petalis calyce 3-5-plo longioribus.”

Has. in campis herbosis prope prædium vulgo Estancia de Suarez,
haud longe a vico S. Josephi, prov. Cisplatina. 4. S. H.

L. carneum, A. S. Hil. fl. Bras. mer. I. p. 133. Folia basi eglan-
dulosa. Calycis foliola subglanduloso-serrata. Flores carnei,
vix L. tenuifolii et L. perennis similes. A. S. H.

Species non satis note.

86. L. £rinervium, Roth, “calycibus obtusis, tricostatis, cap-
sulis globosis, mucronatis; foliis alternis linearibus, 3-
nerviis.”

Has. in India orientali. Heyne ex Roth. “Caulis teres, filiformis,
lineatus, glaber. Folia alterna tamen densa, erecta et quasi im-
bricata sessilia lineari-acuminata, integerrima glabra trinervia,
semiunciam longa, vix ultra semilineam lata, floralia angustis-
sima. Pedunculi terminales alterni, solitarii, subangulosi, gla-
bri, subfoliosi. Floresignoti. Capsula globosa, glabra, mucro-
nata, magnitudine Pisi majoris.”

L. trinervium, Roth, nov. pl. sp. p. 187.

87. L. Pallasianum, R. et Sch.—* L. Calycibus glabriusculis,
acutis margine lacero albo, foliis linearibus acutis, cano-pubes-
centibus."

Has. in Chersoneso Heracleotico; Pallas in herb. Willd.

L. Pallasianum, R. et Sch. syst. p. 758.

L. pubescens, Willd. herb. non Russ. ^ Radix lignosa, multiceps.
Folia radicalia cæspitosa, obtusiuscula vix pollicaria. Caulis

foliis triplo longior, pubescens. Folia caulina radicalibus simi-

522 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

lia, sed summa glabriuscula. Corolle calyce triplo majores."
- De Schlecht. in litt. ad Reem. . |

Species plane dubie et oblivione digne.

L. verticillatum, L. “foliis verticillatis” L. Boccon. Mus. Fl.
p. 49. tab. 42.—Barrel. icon. tab. 1226.

L. striatum, Walt. Car. p. 118.—fere absque dubio ex ordine ex-
cludendum, an Hypericinea? v. Gentianea? vix inquirendi

dignum.

Gen. III. RervwanprIA. Dumort enum. 19. ex Endl. non Spreng.
nec Blume.

Macrolinum, Reichenb. Handl. p. 306. (ann. 1837) ex ipso in
iconograph. fl. Germ. vol. V. p. 67.

Lini species. Roxb.—Endl.— Benth. et plurim. auct.

- Obs. Character generis essentiale e stipellarum presertim et im-
primis ex appendiculis externis (!) petalorum extruendum. Hos
appendiculos supra perperam internos dixi, quia flores nullos per-
fectos examini subjicere licuerat, et in icone Roxburgiana inedita
dorsum petali nulla nota ab ejus facie distingui potueram. Hodie
tamen floribus Reindwardtia trigyne examinatis, appendiculos
lineares in tergo petalorum sitos, ut sane beatus Roxburgius de-
scripsit, vidi.

1. R. /rigyna.—'' Foliis ovato-oblongis, integris, majoribus
apicem versus minutissime serrulatis, glabris; floribus soli-
mie: i paucis umbellato-congestis?); stylis 3 a un

Has. in India Or. trop. Roxb. (qui plantam vidit ioni in
hort.)

L. trigynum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 11. p. 110. et icon ined. (in Museo

. Cet. Hon. Mercat. Angl. Ind. or.) cujus facsimile a cl. Hook.
delineatum video. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1100 (forma floribus in-
terdum 3—4-fasciculato-congestis.) “Frutex circiter 2-3-pedalis,

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 523

suberectus. Stipule minute. Folia aristato-mucronata. Un-
gues petalorum in tubum conniventes, versus apicem intus
denticulis 2 erectis aucti. Filamenta e basi lata subulata,
sterilia, setiformia. Antheræ sagittate. Styli staminibus multo
longiores. Stigmata capitata. Capsula globosa, Piso majori
æqualis, 6-locularis, (revera 3-locularis, loculis incomplete

bilocellatis) 6-valvis. Semina reniformia." Rozb. fl. Ind. 2.

p. 110. et 111. ex Angl. versus.

2. R. repens.—** R. foliis cuneato-ovatis mucronulatis glabris cre-
nulatis; floribus solitariis pedunculosis, foliolis calycinis lan-
ceolatis mucronulatis, margine denticulatis, caule fruticoso re-
pente." Don.—“ Stylis 3 circiter ad medium connatis."
Benth.

L. repens et L. semitrigynum, Hamilt. MS. ex Don.

Var. B, Cieanobum,—' foliis elliptico-oblongis acuminatis serratis,
umbellis terminalibus simplicibus multifloris, foliolis calycinis
oblongis acutis, caule fruticoso.” Don.

L. Cicanoba, Hamilt. MS. ex Don. i

L. trigynum, Smith, exot. bot. p. 31. tab. 17. suadente cl. Benth.
(Forma ut videtur inter stirpem typicam et var. 8 media.)

Has. Forma typiea in Napalia ad Narainhetty, Hamilt. ex Don.
—var. 8, ibid. Hamilt.—Napalia, Dr. Wallich (anno 1821) in
herb. Hook.—in montibus ditionis Sirenagur, Col. Hardwick
ex Smith. (Vidi specimina authentica in herb. Hook. et
Smith.) ;

Obs. Varietas 8 huc, auctoritate cl. Benthami, referta. (Conf.
Bot. Reg. sub folio 1826 pagina aversa.) Specimina plurima que
vidi in Museo Soc. Linn. Londin. omnia imperfectissima et cum
fragmentis speciei subsequentis commixta. —

3. R. éetragyna.—“ R. glabra fruticosa ramosa, foliis elliptico-
oblongis aeuminatis serratis, basi attenuatis, petiolatis; flo-
ribus capitato-corymbosis ; pedunculis bracteatis ; sepalis ova-
tis breviter acuminatis, margine subciliatis, petalis calyce duplo
longioribus; stylis 4 liberis; stigmatibus globosis; capsulis
obtusis." Benth.

Has. in Napalia et ditione Silhet, Wallich ex Benth.

VOL. VII. 3e

524 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

Linum tetragynum, Coleb. MS. ex Wall. cat. herb. Ind. no. 1506.
Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub folio 1326.
Flores flavi, illis Reinw. trigyne paulo minores.

Sect. II. HUGONIEZÆ, Planch.
(Vide supra, vol. V1. p. 593.)
Gen. I. Hvcox1a, L. gen. no. 831.—Endl. gen. no. 5404.

Obs. Cirrhos singulares hujus generis interdum bracteolis mi-
nutis donatos video, unde patet eos esse pedunculos inflorescenti-
arum semper abortivarum.

1. H. Mystaz, L.—H. ramulis cirrhis pedicellis calycibusque
dense lutescenti-pubescentibus v. subtomentosis; foliis lan-
ceolatis v. lanceolato-obovatis, basi acutis, apice breve acumina-
tis glabriusculis, reticulato-venosis; stipulis subulatis indivisis,
floribus ad apicem ramulorum paucis breve pedicellatis.

Has. in insula Ceylona et in peninsula Ind. or.—Ceylona, Domina
Walker, no. 1012 in herb. Hook.—Peninsula Ind. or. (ora
utraque), Wight, no. 394, ibid.

Hugonia Mystax, L. sp. 954.— Wight, Ill. of Ind. Bot. t. 32.

Hugonia obovata, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. p. 205 ex W.
et Arn. - i

2. H. serrata, Lamk.—H. ramulis inflorescentiis bracteis ca-
lycibusque ferrugineo-sericeis ; foliis oblongis breve acuminatis v.
obtusatis, glanduloso- et obtuse serratis glabriusculis; stipulis
subulatis indivisis ; qui paucifloris bracteolatis axillaribus et
terminalibus.

Has. in insula Mauritii, Commerson ex Lamk.—Sicber, no. 83;
Bojer, Gardner in herb. Hook.—necnon in insula Borboniæ;
Aublet in herb. Banks., nunc Mus. Brit. sub nomine plante
sudorifique de la Chine.

Hugonia serrata, Lamk. dict. TII. p. 149.

Hugonia Mystax, Cav. diss. IIL. p. 177. tab. f. 1., non L. ex
Lamk.

Cirrhi validi, semper oppositi.

SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES. 525

Hugonia tomentosa, Cav.—H. ramis foliisque utrinque albido-
tomentosis, his oblongis, apice subrotundatis obsolete dentatis ;
stipulis ovatis, 9—3-fidis; cymis in axillis foliorum superiorum
pedunculatis.

Has. in insula Mauritii, Commers. ex herb. Lamk.

Hugonia tomentosa, Cavan, |. c. f. $.—Lamk. L c. p. 150. Diag-
nosis ex descriptione Lamarckiana.

4. H. Afzelü, Rob. Br. MS.—H. ramis foliisque subtus tomen-
to denso cano-flavescente indutis; his magnis, oblongis,
acutis, repando, et remote crenatis, v. sudenticulatis; stipulis
pinnatipartitis, laciniis subulatis; cymis 3—4-floris, axillaribus,
folio brevioribus; floribus brevissime pedicellatis; calycibus
dense sericeis, corolla subduplo brevioribus; staminibus
exsertis.

Has. in Sierra Leone, Afric. occid. trop. ; Afzel. in herb. Banks,
nunc Mus. Brit.

Folia majora 6-7 poll. longa, 2—3 poll. lata, omnia breve et crasse
petiolata, rigide chartacea, crenis obsoletis nunc obtusissimis,
nune mucronulatis, adulto preter nervum medium, supra gla-
brata, novella supra tomento detersibili albido tecta. Stamina
5, majora stylos longe superantia.

5. H. ferruginea, W. et Arn.—H. “foliis oblongo-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, integerrimis, demum supra glabratis, subtus to-
mento flavescenti-ferrugineo nitentibus; spiris (cirrhis) oppo-
sitis." W. et Arn.

B? Gardneri; foliis minutissime v. obsolete denticulatis.

Has. in Peninsula Ind. or. Wight.; 8, in insula Ceylona, no. 90
in herb. Hook.

Hugonia ferruginea, W. et Arn. prod. pen. Ind. or. I. p. 72.

Ex diagnosi nimis brevi non patet an var. 8. non sit species dis-
tincía; quare descriptioneni ejus subjicio:—

Rami inferne teretes, v. subcompressi, hinc inde ramulosi v. indi-
visi, secus longitudinem totam foliosi novelli ferrugineo-sub-
sericeo-tomentosi, adulti inferne subglabrati. Folia sepius in-
ternodiis cirrhi oppositi multoties longiora, oblongo-lanceolata,
breve petiolata, basi acutiuscula, apice breve et acute cuspida-

3Q2

526 SUR LA FAMILLE DES LINEES.

tia sæpius margine denticulis minutis hinc inde aucta, nunc
subintegerrima, novella supra tenuiter sericea, nervo medio
tantum discolori, nempe ferrugineo-splendente, subtus tomento
sericeo persistente adpresso ferrugineo splendentia, adulta de-
mum supra glabrata 2-3 poll. longa, 12-15 lin. lata, nervis
utrinque 7-12, in pagina utrinque prominulis. Stipulz petio-
lis subduplo longiores, subulatæ, in lacinias paucas fissæ, sicut
pedicelli et calyces ferrugineo-sericezm. Pedunculi in specimine
axillares, solitarii, 1-3-flori, fructiferi 2—4 lin. longi, bracteo-
lis 1-8 stipulis conformibus eaducis ornati; pedicellis brevis-
simis sub flore articulatis. Petala oblongo-obovata, lacinias ca-
lycis ovatas......... superantia, apice erosa. Drupa globosa,
obtusissima, glabra, Piso paulo major, calyce longior, 5-locularis.

Semivalva (endocarpii) pyrene cujusvis a semivalva adjacente

(ejusdem carpelli) facillime secedens, crustacea, extus rugosa,

intus levis, sub apice, ubi funiculus columellæ affixitur, levi-

ter emarginata, (prorsus ut in Zuo.).

6. H. Planchonii, Hook. fil. MSS.—Ramis petiolisque fer-
rugineo-pubescentibus; folis lanceolato-oblongis, cuspidatis,
utrinque acutis, remotiuscule serrulatis, glabris, nitidis, rigide
chartaceis, pulchre reticulato-venosis; stipulis bracteisque pinna-
tipartitis laciniis subulatis; cymis axillaribus, brevibus, 1-5-
floris ; stylis staminibus longioribus,

Has. in Africa occid. trop.—Sierra Leona; Afzelius in herb.
Mus. Brit.; Vogel in herb. Hook.—Acra; Vogel ibid.

Species distinctissima et pulcherrima, facie Smeathmannias refer-

ens. Folia 3-5 poll. longa, 10-20 lin. lata. Cirrhi sæpius
alterni v. subnulli.

pa

Gen. IL Roucueria, Planch.
(Vide supra, vol. VI. p. 141, and 594.)

1. R. calophylla, Planch, (supra, vol. VI. p. 142.)

Has. in Guyana Gallica, Schomburgk, no. 988. in hb. Hook.

2. R. Schomburgkii—Ramulis rufo-velutinis; foliis lanceolatis
cuspidatis acutis supra nitidis glaberrimis, subtus præser-
"tim secus costam mediam pubescentibus; spicis compositis ab-

SUR LA FAMLLIE DES LINEES. 527

breviatis densifloris sessilibus petiolos breves 2-4-plo super-
antibus.

Has. in Guayana Anglica, R. H. Schomburgk, no. 801, 1362, in
herb. Benth.

Facies omnino Roucherie calophyllæ a qua differt indumento ra-
mulorum, foliis minoribus (14-23 poll. longis, 3—10 lin. latis)
et inflorescentiis petiolos superantibus. Flores in specimine
desiderantur, sed in illis cl. Bentham observavit, petala 5, æs-
tivatione convoluta oblonga maculata obliqua; stamina circiter
15, inæqualia basi in tubum brevem circa ovarium connata ;
ovarium 3-loculare loculis 2-ovulatis? ovulis pendulis, stylos 3
distinctos.

3. R. Griffithiana, Planch. l. e. p. 143.

Has. in ditione Malaccensi, (dele igitur locum natalem KZasya,
olim perperam plantæ adscriptum.)—Malacca, Griffiths ; Singa-
pore, Lobb in hb. Hook.

4. R.? humiriifolia, Planch. l. c. p. 148.

Has. In Cayenna, Martin in herb. Hook.

Gen. DunANpEA, Planch.

(Supra, vol. VI. p. 594.)

Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis late ovatis obtusis, æstivatione quineun-
ciali imbricatis. Petala 5 calyce parum longiora, æstivatione
eonvoluta. Stamina 10, filamentis basi in annulum confluenti-
bus alternatim brevioribus; antheris parvis bilocularibus. Dis-
cus —? Ovarium ovatum 5-loculare, loculis 1-ovulatis, ovulis
anatropis ex apice anguli interni suspensis. Styli 5 fere a basi
distincti subulati. Fructus ——

Frutex Austro-Caledonicus glaberrimus, siccitate nigrescens, facies
Irionanthis. Folia alterna in petiolum attenuata oblonga basi
acuta apice complicata subincurva abrupte breveque acuminata,
adpresse obtuseque serrata rigida fragilia nec crassa penniner-
via retieulato-venosa; stipule minute dentiformes adpressæ,
lapsu præcoci cicatricem glanduliformem nudantes. Racemi ad
apices ramulorum 3 v. 4 approximati, vix ultra sesquipollicares
simplices v. subdivisi ; bracteæ lineares subulatæ pedicellis vix
+ lin. longis dimidio breviores ; flores inaperti eos Ardisiarum

528 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME PLANTS

quarundam simulantibus.—Dicatum memorie beat. Abbatis
Durand, Monspessulano, qui Floram Hispaniæ australis et
Mauritaniæ summa solertia exploravit.

Durandea serrata, Planch.

Has. in Austro-Caledonia, Labill. in herb. Hook. a cl. Webb
comm.

Folia cire. 2-22 poll. longa, 14-18 lin. lata, basi acuta; petiolus
gracilis, 3—4 lin. longus, supra leviter canaliculatus ; racemi
foliis breviores, rachi compresso-angulata, hinc inde ramulos
2-3 breves exserens, vel simplex; calycis laciniæ obtusissimæ
valde imbricate, nigrescentes, marginibus pallidioribus subsca-
riosæ ; petala in flore non plane evoluto, calyce non duplo-lon-
giora crassiuscula, siccitate nigro-rubentia.

Sect. III. ANISADENIEZÆ, Planch.
(Vide supra, vol. VI. p. 594.)
Gen. unicum : ANISADENIA, Wall. cat. no. 1510.
Meisn. Gen. comment. p. 96.—Fenzl. Darst. und Erlaxt. vier
POL Qa Pflanz. Gatt. (ete.) p. 21.

A. saratahs, Wall.

Has. in Napalia ad rupes montis Sheopore anno 1821. Wall in

herb. Hook. (cum charactere generico.)

Anisadenia saxatilis, Wall.—Fenzl.1. c. p. 22. tab. IIT. (icon opt.)

Descriptions of some plants new to the Berrisa Fiora; by
WiruiM Mirren, A. L. S. .

The plants now described, have not, so far as I am aware, been
noticed by any writers on British Botany, and I have here given a
somewhat more lengthened description of them than they perhaps
require, chiefly, that they may be investigated when growing in
different situations; for I have little doubt that some of them will
be found not very rare. It is only by careful observation of plants
when under the influence of different circumstances that a correct
judgment can be pronounced on their specific value; and I am

NEW TO THE BRITISH FLORA. 529

not satisfied that the characters here given, may be found to hold
good in all cases.

I cannot but expect that by some plant-gatherers, these plants
will be considered mere “ splits ;” but, commending them to the
examination of field-botanists, I will be content to say with Nees
ab Esenbeck : “ malo enim peccare in discriminandis quam in con-
fundendis rerum nature cognitionibus.”

To Mr. Borrer I owe the ability to determine with exantnens
most of the plants here described; for without the very valuable
assistance of his Herbarium and Library, I could not have been
positive that my plants were precisely those of foreign authors.

l. Potentilla mata [Nolte apud Reichenbach fl. Germ. exsicc.
no. 1743]; caulibus flagelliformibus prostratis superne ramosis,
foliis quinatis intermixtis ternatis, foliolis oblongo-obovatis ab
apice ultra medium serratis, subtus adpresso-pilosis, serraturis
ovatis, obtusiusculis, floribus solitariis plerisque tetrameris, car-
pellis. oso Koch, Synops. Fl. Germ. Ed. 2. v. 1. p. 239.
Reichenbach, fl. Germ. no. 1143 (specimen Noltianum.)

Has. On waste ground near Valebridge, in Keymer, Sussex,
in small quantity.

Root woody, producing several stems which take their rise be-
low the tuft of leaves. Stems procumbent at the base, ascending,
branched, seldom emitting rootlets from the nodes. Leaves
mostly ternate, a few of the lower ones quinate, nearly glabrous
above, beneath clothed on the veins with long appressed hairs ;
leaflets oblong-obovate, serrate, teeth ovate, about two or three on
each side, terminal tooth longer than the lateral (in the stem
leaves). Stipules lanceolate, entire, or with one or two teeth at
the sides. Pedicels about three times longer than the leaves.
Calyx with four, or less frequently, five divisions. Petals four or
five, as long again as the calyx, bright yellow. Carpels rugose.

This plant is undeniably very close to Potentilla reptans, Linn.
of which it may be but a variety. It is however readily distin-
guished at first sight by its habit, which is that of P. Tormentil/a,
Sibth. ; indeed it has so much the look of that species, that it
might be passed over as state of it, or of P. procumbens, Sibth.

530 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME PLANTS

It appears to differ from P. reptans, in its more erect, seldom
rooting stems, the different form of its leaflets, and its usually
four-petaled flowers; from P. Tormentilla and P. procumbens, it
may be readily known by its more obtusely toothed leaves, which
are also of a different outline. My specimens agree well with
that gathered by Prof. Nolte in Reichenbach’s Flora exsiccata.
Further and more extensive examination must however shew if
it shall be considered a species or a variety.

2. Filago Jussiaei, Cosson et Germain. Tige de 1-3 déci-
métr. rameuse presque dès la base, plus rarement, simple inférieure-
ment, plus ou moins irregulièrement di-trichotome, à rameaux ord.
étalés on divariqués. Feuilles couvertes d’ un tomentum soyeux,
blanchâtres, très rarement d" un blanc jaunâtre, légérement espa-
cées, plus ou moins étalées, oblongues-obovates ou subspatulées,
presque planes ou à bords un peu roulés en dessous. Gloméru-
les subhémisphériques, composés de 8-15 plus rarement 20 capi-
tules, munis à la base d' un involuere de 3-4 feuilles qui depass-
ent les capitules. Capitules ovoides-coniques, non plongés dans
un tomentum épais, distincts presque jusqu'à la base. Tnvolu-
cre à 5 angles aigus tres saillants séparés par des sinus profonds ;
à folioles pliées longitudinalement, profondément concaves surtout
supérieurement, longuement cuspidées à pointe subulée scarieuse
glabre jaunátre, les interieurs ord. obtuses ou à peine mucronées.
Cosson et Germain, Flore des Environs de Paris, p. 406. Illust.
flor. Paris. t. 26. A.

Has. On cultivated land at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex.

I have nothing to add to the above excellent description, except
the note at the foot of the page of the accurate work above quoted,
which is as follows: “L? involucre général des capitules du F. Jussi-
aei est formé par les feuilles des rameaux raccourcis qui constituent
le glomérule lui-même. Ces feuilles se développent normalement
dans cette espèce, et dépassent le glomérule. Dans le F. Germanica,
au contraire, toutes restent rudimentaires, ou une seule se déve-
loppe. Tl ne faut pas confondre les feuilles de cet involucre avec
celles qui se trouvent à la base des rameaux, et qui peuvent éga-
lement dépasser le glomérule.” My specimen accords with the

NEW TO THE BRITISH FLORA. 531

figure in the Atlas, in every respect, excepting that there is to-
mentum about the bases of the capitula, which is not the case in
the French plant. This species appears to differ from F. apiculata,
G. E. Smith, of which I have only seen cultivated specimens, in
the presence of the long spathulate involucral leaves, a character
by which it may at once be known both from X. apiculata and
F. Germanica. F. Jussiæi and F. apiculata, differ essentially
from F. Germanica in the form and arrangement of the scales of
the capitula, which are so placed as to form five sharp angles with
intermediate furrows, whilst in F. Germanica the scales are arran-
ged equally all round.

It is possible that this plant, of which I have preserved but a
single specimen, may have been introduced with foreign seed :
it is, however, equally probable, that it only requires looking
to be found in many other places.

3. Mercurialis ovata, Stud. et Hoppe; caule simplicissimo
foliis subsessilibus vel breviter petiolatis ovatis, floribus fœmineis
longe pedunculatis. Koch. Synops. Fl. Germ. Ed. 9. v. 2. p. 132.
Reichenbach, Fl. Excursoria, n. 4803. FI. exsice, n. 1783.

Has. Hedge-rows near Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. I have in-
troduced this plant chiefly on account of its exact correspondence
with the specimens given in Reichenbach’s Fl. exsicc. It is pro-
bably but a state of M. perennis, although its subrotundo-ovate
leaves give it a different appearance, which does not depend on
the sex of the plants. |

4. Carex paludosa, Goodenough.

Var. B, Kochiana. Carex Kochiana, De Cand. Fruit oblia à or.
oblong-ovate; glumes ending in a long cuspidate point. à

Has. Ditches in the level, near Littlehampton, Sussex. —

5. Lolium Jinicola (Sonder in litt.) ; “valva spiculam dimi-
diam superante vel vix æquante, spiculis oblongis ovatisve, flori-
bus breviter aristatis muticisve fructiferis ellipticis, radice fascicu-
lis foliorum sterilibus destituta." Koch, Synops. FI. Germ. Ed.
2. v. 2. p. 957.

“L. arvense, Schrad. Germ. p. 399. D. fl. 1. 715, et plurimo-

VOL. VII. 9 R

532 PLANTS NEW TO THE BRITISH FLORA.

rum auctorum." Reichenb. Ic. 1. f. 1. 1837.—39. Fl. Germ.
excurs. 65. Fl. exsice. no. 102.

L. remotum, Hoffm. D. fl. Ed. 2. 1. p. 63 (Koch).

Has. With L. temulentum, amongst various crops, on culti-
vated land about Hurstpierpoint, Sussex.

Root annual, without sterile shoots. Stems solitary, or more
or less branched below, erect, leaves glabrous. Spikelets pale-
green, remote, about 7-11 flowered, overtopping the valve by
about one third, or only equalling it; lower palea ovate-oblong ;
awn very weak, one third the length of the palea, or none.

Lolium linicola may be distinguished from ZL. perenne, L. and
L. Italicum, Alex. Braun, (L. multiflorum, Lam. but not of Gau-
din), by its want of sterile shoots about the root: from L. temu-
lentum and its forms, it may be readily known by its smaller size
and more numerous flowers. Z. arvense of British authors is,
so far as I can learn, a state of L. temulentum; Y cannot call it a
variety, having raised, from the seed of the short-awned plant, the
long-awned state of Z. temulentum: the roughness of the stem
appears also to be equally variable in cultivation.

L. linicola has maintained its characters under cultivation for
several years.

It may be objected to Z. linicola, that it has been introduced
with foreign seed, which may be true; the same objection must,
however, apply with equal force to L. temulentum, and it is doubt-
ful to what Flora they may be referred with the greatest propriety;
but it does not seem reasonable to exclude such species as these
altogether from the British Flora.

L. linicola may be expected to be found a weed in those dis-
tricts where Flax is cultivated.

6. Triticum diforum, Brignoli; spica disticha, spiculis 2- rari-
us 3-floris, valvis lanceolatis trinerviis, acuminatis, floribus arista- -
tis, arista flore subtriplo breviore, axe scabriusculo, foliis glabris
margine scabriusculis, radice fibrosa, ——

“Triticum biflorum, Brignoli, fase. plant. rar. Forojul. an.
1810." Koch, Synops. Flor. Germ. Ed. 2. v. 2. p. 953. Reichen-

ON A NEW KIND OF PHORMIUM. 533

bach, Fl. Germ. exsice. no. 2104. (Agropyrum) Kunth, Enum.
1. Pt. 1. p. 448. Triticum alpinum, nov. sp. Don in Herb.
Borrer. :

Has. Rocks on Ben Lawers, rare. Mr. G. Don.

Root fibrous, stems about two feet high. Leaves glabrous and
quite smooth beneath, the upper side with a few long scattered
hairs in all the specimens I have seen, rough only very slightly at
the margins. Spike about three inches long. Valves lanceolate,
acuminate, about three-nerved; flowers two to four, acuminate,
shortly awned; awn about one third the length of the palea, or
often scarcely perceptible.

The present is one of those plants gathered by the late Mr. G.
Don, which appear to have been overlooked by other botanists.
His label in Mr. Borrer’s Herbarium, runs thus: “Triticum alpi-
num, nova spec.—it differs from the caninum by its short arista
and upright spikes, and from the repens by not running at the
roots.” No date is mentioned. It is thus clearly evident that he
distinguished it as a new species; the only British Triticum with
which it can be confounded is 7. caninum, from which it may be
distinguished by its leaves smooth on both sides, its usually two-
flowered spikelets, and its want of the long awn; it also appears
to be a more slender plant with narrower leaves.

The British species of Zritieum are undoubtedly difficult plants.
T biflorum I found in Mr. Borrrer’s Herbarium, when examining
his specimens with a view to prove 7. acutum a Sussex plant. In
this, I believe, I have succeeded ; but as I did not observe it in a
living state, until too late to obtain entire specimens, I shall re-
serve any remarks upon it for future occasion.

On a new kind of Puormium, or New Zealand Flax; by M.
Aveuste Le Jours.

A very curious kind of Phormium, hitherto unknown in the
gardens of Europe, blossomed last summer at Cherbourg for the
first time. This red- and green-flowered plant, brought directly
from New Zealand, where it was gathered in August, 1839, in

3R2

534 ON A NEW KIND OF PHORMIUM,

Chaldy (Cloudy?) Bay (46° 30^* latit. 166° 23’ long.), is very dis-
tinct from the long known yellow-flowered kind ; but no description
of it has yet been published, and it has been completely neglected
by most botanists, who speak only of a single species of Phor-
mium. However, Capt. Js. Cook perfectly distinguished at first
two kinds of New Zealand flax, and made mention of both in the
following terms: “There is a plant that serves the inhabitants in-
stead of hemp and flax, which excels all that are put to the same
purpose in other countries. Of this plant there are two sorts;
the leaves of both resemble those of the Flags (ris); in one kind,
the flowers are yellow: in the other, they are deep red;" In the
French edition of the 2nd. Voyage, vol. 1. pl. 8, New Zealand flax is
figured, but the plate is so imperfect that it is very difficult to state
which of the two was represented; however, the inflorescence
is very similar to that of our kind of Cherbourg.

Anderson and Forster mention but a single yellow-flowered
species, which the latter calls Phormium tenax, and of which he
gave a description, transcribed by Mr. A. Richard, in his Wore de
la Nouvelle Zélande (Voyage del" Astrolabe, Botanique, page 153.);
but that description seems to have been made from several kinds,
since the characters described by Forster agree completely with
neither of the two I know. Indeed the characters concerning the
inflorescence, (the colour of the stem and peduncles being ex-
cepted,) agree with our red- and green-flowered kind; but the
flowers of the Ph. tenas are said by Forster to be yellow, and7con-
sequently identical with those of the kind hitherto cultivated in
Kurope ; then, the form of the ovary and the colour of the style,
belong again to our plant of Cherbourg. Forster appears to have
intentionally confounded several species in a single one, for he
knew a red-flowered plant, since it is found in his original draw-
ings. After Forster, most of the botanists considered but the
yellow plant, and a few only made a vague mention of the red
one, as a mere variety of PA. tenaz. At last, Dr. J. Dalton Hooker
distinguished again two species, and called one P4. Colensoi. On

that subject, I beg leave to transcribe here, a most interesting

_* Tt will be observed that this is very far south of where the Phormium tenaz,
hitherto cultivated in Europe, may be supposed to have come from. Ed.

OR NEW ZEALAND FLAX. 5385

letter, received from the celebrated Director of the Royal Gardens
of Kew :—“ Besides the common and well known large yellow-
flowered PAormiwm," says Sir William Hooker, “we have re-
ceived, from Mr. Colenso, a small red-flowered kind (in all proba-
bility the one to which you allude), and as Mr. Colenso was the
first to direct my son, Dr. Hooker’s, attention to this, he gave it
the MS. name of PA. Colensoi. He however further ascertained
that kind, figured by Forster, in his original drawings in the Brit-
ish Museum, to be the small red-flowered one. It may then be-
come a question which of the two ought to bear the name of
tenaz (a name, which in my opinion, ought on no account to be
abolished). It would appear that Forster considered there was
but one species, and that in reality he gave the name (tenaz) to
that which is in common use, and which, I suppose, is the
yellow-flowered one. If so, especially seeing that the yellow sort has
invariably been called PA. tenax, I think the name should be re-
tained to that. From further researches, I find, however, that Mr.
Colenso is not the first to distinguish the two. Capt. Cook, in his
Voyage, expressly says there are two species, one with a yellow and
the other with a red flower: and it would seem to me more just,
that the name of that distinguished navigator should be given to
the second species, since no description has been published of it
hitherto; but that matter I entirely leave to your judgment, as
well as the credit of publishing truly distinguishing characters,
which can only be done from the living plants: for even the yellow-
flowered one blossoms rarely with us. I do not think the red- -
flowered Phormium is in cultivation in England; I never heard of
it. I possess in my herbarium the fruit of a Phormium, which is
very different from that of Ph. tenax, (auct.) and which, if it does
not belong to the red-flowered kind (and I do not think it does),
must be that of a third species. It is five inches long, and the
valves very thin and membranaceous. I should be curious to
know which is the species of Norfolk Island?”

From what precedes, as several species appear to be confounded
together, and as I have no certitude that the red- and green-flower-
ed plant of Cherbourg is the same as the small red-flowered P4.

p.. J ON A NEW KIND OF PHORMIUM.

Colensoi, À think it proper to assign, at least provisionally, a name
to our species, and agreeably to Sir William Hooker's wish, I
propose to dedicate it to the most celebrated English Navigator,
who, first, discovered and made known the New Zealand Flax.
I will then give a comparative description of the two kinds that
are now in France; the diagnosis of the yellow-flowered one has
been digested after the notes and drawings made at Paris by M.
Decaisne, who had the kindness to communicate them to me;
the description of the Phormium of Cherbourg has been written
from the living plant.
Paormivm, Forster.

1. Ph. éenax; folis supra viridibus subtus glaucescentibus,
perigonii segmentis exterioribus aurantiaco-flavis, interioribus
luteis, stylo luteo, ovario angulatim triquetro sulcato rubro. Ph.
tenaz, auct. passim.

2. Ph. Cookianum; foliis subconcoloribus, scapo subangulato
glauco-virescente, perigonii segmentis exterioribus atro-sanguineis
interioribus viridibus, stylo badio, ovario obtuse trigono luteo-
virescente. An Ph. Colensoi, Hook. fil. MSS. ?

Folia reniformia, rigida, angustiora, basi conduplicata, a medio
ad apicem planiuscula, dorso carinata, integerrima, glabra, supra
viridia, subtus subconcoloria, pallidiora, leviter striata. Scapus
sub 4-pedalis, erecto-ascendens, subangulatus, apice subrugatus,
glauco-virescens, ramosus. Racemi alterni secundi, distantes,
glauco-virescentes, iterum racemosi, in spathis membranaceis ante
efflorescentiam erecto involuti, dein horizontaliter patentes. Spa-
the lanceolatæ, sagittatæ, acute, conduplicatze, carinatæ, membra-
naceæ, striate, luteo-virides, post efflorescentiam deciduæ. Pedi-
celli uniflori, articulati, nigro-brunnei, rugati, erecti. Peri-
gonii corollini limbus sexpartitus in tubum obtuse triquetrum sub-
arcuatum adscendentem pollicarem connivens; segmenta 3 exte-
riora paulo breviora, dorso elevatiora, atro-sanguinea, apice auran-
tiaca, subacuta, 3 interiora viridia apice rotundato-subreflexa con-
cava. Stamina sex exserta, inzequalia, filamentis coccineis. Anthe-
ræ sagittatæ, acute, aurantiacæ. Stylus ascendens, badius. Ova-
rium obtuse trigonum, luteo-viride, sæpe tortum. Capsula subte-

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 537

res, 3—4-pollicaris, nigrescens. Semina plurima, oblonga, compressa,
membranaceo-alata, aterrima, nitida.

During the anthesis, the tube of the perigone is filled with a
sweet and viscous liquid. This Phormium blossomed at Cher-
bourg, from the 15th of May, 1847, to the end of June; the
capsules took then a pretty large extension, but the ovules being
void of embryo, produced but barren seeds. The leaves are more
narrow, straight, stiff and pale, than those of the common Phor-
mium, which, in all our gardens, grows in luxuriant tufts, and
blossomed here in July, 1822, for the second time in France.

The introduction into Europe of this new kind of Phormium,
may prove very important with respect to industry ; it appears,
indeed, to produce the fine flax, to which Sir Joseph Banks and
Labillardiére called the attention of the economists, and is a fur-
ther instance of the importance of specific distinctions, when
they are laid down in the fields of practice.

Thus M. Decaisne demonstrated (Icon. agricult. pratiq. 1845,
p. 767.) that the Chinese employ two kinds of nettles for the fa-
brication of their clothing, &c., and that we have received hitherto in
France but a single kind, which produces a very inferior hemp.
The same fact has perhaps taken place again as to the Phormium ;
the flax obtained in France proceeds from the yellow kind, and has
proved to be of a bad quality, whilst the red-flowered plant pro-
duces the best flax used in New Zealand. Indeed, Dr. J. Dal-
ton Hooker says, “that the P4. Colensoi yields a very different and
much finer flax than the other." It will be then of great import- -
ance to make comparative experiments between the flax of the
two species we possess now in Cherbourg.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Extract from the “Innas News,” for April, 1848: North-West
Provinces.
Sometime in the year 1842, we entered at considerable length,
in three different issues, on the absolute necessity that existed for
the adoption of some immediate steps on the part of Government,

538 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

to prevent the gradual deterioration and ultimate extinction of the
forests still existing in these provinces, and which were rapidly
disappearing before the axe of the woodman, no measures being
in the meanwhile taken to replace the trees that were felled. We
quoted largely the opinions submitted to Government by Dr. Fal-
coner, Captain Cautley, and Mr. Neave, and also adduced the
reasonings embodied in a paper drawn up for a similar purpose by
the writer of the present article. We moreover took frequent op-
portunities of recurring to the subject, in the hope that repeated
agitation might at length open the eyes of the authorities to the
necessity of active interference, and were at one time so far suc-
cessful, that a subordinate officer was appointed to the charge of
the Dhera Dhoon forests, while Mr. Vansittart was superintendent;
but the severe sickness of the first incumbent, and the subsequent
occurrence of grave political events having intervened, the atten-
tion of Government was diverted from this very important sub-
ject. We are, however, happy to learn that the matter has been
revived, and that a committee has lately been appointed, consisting
of Colonel Boileau, superintendent engineer N. W. provinces,
Mr. Edwards, superintendent of Simla, and Dr. Jameson, super-
intendent of the Botanical Gardens, North-west Provinces, to
report on the forests in the Simla jurisdiction, as wood is be-
coming scarce in the neighbourhood of cantonments, and will of
course become daily more so, if Government do not take immediate
steps to remedy the evil. Dr. Jameson proceeds shortly to Simla,
to meet his colleagues, and we hope soon to hear of some effectual
measures being devised. In former days, the British Government
considered the Hills so useless, that they actually searched every-
where for the heirs of the former hill chiefs, who had been driven
from their possessions by the Goorkas, in order to re-instate them,
and the result is, that even a few miles of hill land are procurable
with the utmost difficulty, and that all the wood now supplied to
the hill sanitaria is purchased from foreign states. Ere long, a
large tract of hills, viz., the whole country between the Ganges
and Jumna, will lapse to the Government, as the present Teeree
Rajah is old and feeble, and cannot live much longer. On his

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 539

territory coming under British rule, as we hope it will, there will
be an uninterrupted tract of hill land in our possession, from the
Jumna to the Kalee, in Kumaon, with the snowy range as a
boundary to the north. It will be seen in the orders published
this day, that Lieut. Strachey of the Engineers, brother we believe
of the distinguished officer attached to the Thibet mission, has
been placed at the disposal of the Lieut.-Governor for special duty
in Kumaon. Lieut. Strachey is to make a physico-geographical
survey of that province, and will be assisted in this important
work by a number of naturalists, particularly those who have
studied the productions of the N. W.; among them, we believe,
are Majors Cautley and Madden, Messrs. Batten, Ramsay, Falconer,
Jameson, and M. P. Edgeworth. To illustrate the survey, a series
of maps, showing the distribution of plants and animals, will be
appended ; also sections showing the geological structure of the
Himalayas, of which little is at present really known, from their
their base to Thibet.

Botany (chiefly Economic) of Sons; by J. E. Stocks, Ese., M.D.

Assistant Surgeon, H.E.I.C.S.

(Among the most valued of my botanical correspondents I am
proud to number Dr. Stocks, of the Hon. the E. I. C. Service, and
Vaccinator at Scinde. His leisure time has been for a long while
devoted to the study of the Vegetable productions of Scinde, a
country peculiarly favorably situated for obtaining information re-
lative to such Gums and Drugs, and other specimens of the Materia
medica as are sent to Europe by way of the Persian gulph and
Bombay. One interesting notice of Scinde Botany, from the pen
of the same gentleman, has already appeared at p. 30, of the
suppl. to the 73rd volume of the Botanical Magazine (1847): and
now I am sure my readers will derive pleasure and information
from Mr. Stocks’ catalogue of objects, almost entirely of vegetable
origin, which he has most liberally sent for the Museum of the
Royal gardens of Kew.

Nos. I., IL, I11.—Bits of Seinde Counterpanes; they are sold

double, and wadded with cotton wool, and very comfortable in the v

VOL. VII. 3s

540 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

bitter cold of winter in Scinde. As both the materials and
dyes are Scinde vegetable productions, I add a short account
of the process of dyeing, with specimens of nearly all the sub-
stances employed.—Step 1st. Clean the calico with camel’s dung,
Scinde soap and Sujjee khar (vide nos. X. and XI.)—2nd. Steep
in water in which oil is suspended by Sujjee khar. ‘This fastens
the colours.—3rd. Steep in an infusion of Tamarisk galls (vide
no. XIIL., “Sakun”). Myrobolans may be used instead. In
the one case it is called Sakun jo kus, in the other Hureer jo kus.
—Ath. Stamp with the mordant for the reds. This is made of a
kind of alum (Pah), of Mayt (a saponaceous earth, no. VIIL.), and
Khoor (Scinde Gum—no. VII).—5th. Stamp with black compo-
sition where the black lines are intended to be. ‘This is made
with Catechu, Mayt (no. VIIL), and Khoor (no. VIL), mixed
with a paste made of Jowàri flour (“Sorghum vulgare") and
water in which old iron nails have been kept for a long time im
the sun, and to which a few dates have been added.—6th. Boil
with the madder wash. This takes in the places where the red
mordant (process 4) has been stamped.—7th. Now wash well
and clean.—8th. Apply the Kirrianah, or protecting paste, over
the places (such as the future white spots) which you want pro-
tecting from process 9th., viz: Turmeric wash. The Kirrianah is
made with lime, gum, and muttee (a soft earth, no. IX.)—
9th. Wash, for a ground, with Turmeric wash, which is made
by infusing Turmeric (no. XX1.), Pomegranate rind (no. VI.), and
Fitkee or Phitkee (a kind of alum). All the parts not protected
or not previously coloured red or black, now become yellow. If
the ground is wanted green, then indigo is added to the Turmeric.
—10th. Stamp the detached greens and blues (i. e. flowers, &c.,
not a ground colour).
Blues.—Indigo. (no. V.)

Greens, or
Rung | Indigo,
Chutto puk, Turmeric, make
Le Pomegranate, Green.
Parrot-feather Fitkee. |
colour. L

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 541

The above process is called **Madder style" or “Madder work.”

There is a finer style, called “Pen style” or “Pen work,” done
by the pen instead of stamps, but I can obtain no specimens at
present in the Bazaar.

Price of a Counterpane (double), about 8s. to a Sakib, i. e.
twice what they would charge to a native.

Dyes, &e., used in the above and sent in this parcel. .

No. IV. Madder. (Scinde.)
No. V. Indigo. (do.)
No. VI. Pomegranate Rind. (do.)

No. VII. Scinde Gum; Khoor; gum collected (indifferently?)
from Acacia Arabica, A. Farnesiana, and A. rupestris; and a
fourth tree which I have not yet seen. Used in ink, and paper-
making—in calico dyeing, &c., &c.

No. VIII. Mayt; an earth found in Scinde, used for cleansing
the hair (and in calico dyeing).

No. IX. Muttee; a saponaceous earth found in Scinde.

No. X. Scinde Soap; made of cocoa-nut oil and Sujjee khar.

No. XI. Sujjee khar; an impure carbonate of soda made from
a Salsola, of which I sent specimens in December. The plant is
burned and the fire is slaked towards the end of the process. An
inferior kind (no. XII.) from Salsola imbricata, (Fürsk.) is also
sold in the Bazaars. Both are used by the natives to wash their
clothes (an important ceremony, only occurring about once a year),
and, by the more civilized men of towns, to make soap with the
addition of oil. The country people and hill tribes, however, pre-

fer letting the oil accumulate in their clothes by constant use and ie

never changing. Then, by washing with Sujjee khar, a soap is -
made in the clothes (as it were), and the oily secretions and dirt
removed together. Salsolas are burned all over the world for this
end. Vide Fôrskall, p. 70 in Sued. Memoir. ; Ainslie, Mat. Med.
vol. L, pages 397 and note, and 398 and note; Winchester in
Bombay Geogr. Trans., whence it seems they burn Salsolas about
Bagdad. The salt plants in Scinde are called generically “Lanee”
with some prefix. They are Salsolas, Suedas, Xygophylla, &e.
No. XIII. Sakun; Tamarisk galls, got abundantly in Scinde,
352

542 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

from a free Tamarisk (T. orientalis?) ; whereas it is the bush Ta-
marisks (Tam. dioica and ........ ) which yield the Tamarisk
Manna, secreted abundantly in Scinde, and which I will send at
some future time.

No. XIV. Men’s Combs of the Khow wood, (block of wood,
no. XLII.)

No. XV. Women’s Combs of do. do.

No. XVI. Goafs Bell (metal), whose tinkle in the thick jun-
gle is by no means unpleasant.

No. XVII. Little wory box (stained), with capsules of Xygo-
phyllum album in it.

No. XVIII. Calico Stamp.

No. XIX.—XX. Henna leaves; by themselves, and made
into a paste, as used in dyeing the hair orange red. Indigo being
then added, it becomes the most magnificent black.

No. XXI. Haid, Turmeric; Turmeric used in dyeing calicoes
yellow, &c., &e.

No. XXII. Rawa; Turmeric root, steeped in strong solutions
of Tunkun khar (borate of soda), Pappur khar (carbonate of soda),
to which lime juice is added. It becomes red outside and purple
within, and when powdered is called Kookoo and Pinjur, and is
used to give the red forehead marks of the Hindoos.

No. XXIII. Heerakus; viz., impure Sulph. Iron, used in dye-
ing leather, &c.

No. XXIV. Pun; Typha elephantina (Roxb.), (T. angustifolia,
Herb. Schimper.); its flower-reeds, of which baskets, mats, and
roofs for movable huts are made. (I cannot get its baskets made
now, but wili send them.)

No. XXV. Twine made from it.

No. XXVI. Boor or Booree. Booratoo cakes made from its
pollen, kneaded with water. Much eaten.—The pollen grains can
be seen with a microscope. Sold in all bazaars. Difficult to keep
from ants and flies. It is made in July and August. The stock
here is just exhausted (March 15th), and these are stale and fly-
dunged specimens.

No. XXVII. Sur; Arundo Karka?? The slender flower-

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 543

stems make baskets (vide specimens now and previously sent). The
thicker reeds at the base of the stem are made into admirable
chairs and screens, bound together by ¢wime made from its flower-
ing stems well beaten out. (I wish I could send you a chair—
I can readily, if you don’t object to waiting for its passage round
the Cape.)

No, XXVIII. Its fibrous material (Moonyih), as beaten out to
form ropes.

No. XXIX. The ends of the flowering branches and their
leaves, from which the above Moonyih or fibre is made by beating.

No. XXX. Pfees ; Chanerops Ritchiana, (Griff.) Its leaves,
called pfurah. ;

No. XXXI. The same, somewhat beaten out.

No. XXXII. Common bazaar basket, in which natives carry
home their purchases, and shopkeepers keep their stock ;—e. g.
the druggists keep all their drugs in them, one piled over the
other.

No. XXXIII. Common Sandals, as used by the Hill tribes.
The foot passes below the string—and another string separates
the great toe from the others.

No. XXXIV. Twine made from its leaves.

No. XXXV. Tobacco; Shiraz.

No. XXXVI. — Kandahar.

No. XXXVII. — Hydrabad.

No. XXXVIII. — Onmerkote, and towards Cutch.
No. XXXIX. | — Shikarpoor.

No. XL. Rope from Croatularia juncea or the True “Sun,” el-
tivated in Scinde.

No. XLI. Paper from the same plant, used in native writings.

No. XLII. Small block of Khow wood, from which are made
the native combs—specimens of which (14 and 15) (male and
female) are added. It grows on the lofty Beloochistan hills. I
hope to see it next week. The wood seems almost equal to Box.

No. XLIII. Block of ZoAeero wood, which also grows on the
hills. It is very heavy: specimen sent is unseasoned.

544 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

No. XLIV. Mocheris; red gum from the Horse-radish tree,
Moringa pterosperma, Gertn.

No. XLV. Adéree ja déna; fruits of Solanum Jacquinii, used
in all affections of the chest, and (in fumigation) to remove “the
worm” which causes decayed teeth.

No. XLVI. Scinde Aloes; wild. Probably A. Socotrina.

No. XLVII. Ahoobér, Scindee.—Hoobér, Hindustani; fruit
of juniper tree (called Appurs,) which grows on the Beloo-
chistan hills. Sold in all bazaars in Scinde.

No. XLVIII. The well known Puneer berries—“ infallible”
in wind and all disorders of the bowels. Fresh are emetic, and
coagulate milk, whence the name of the plant “cheese maker.”
Dried sp. and drawings are sent.*

No. XLIX. Sénpat ; twigs and fruit of Antirrhinum glaucum;
for bleeding from the nose.

No. L. Gowzaban; cooling—well known in the East. Any
* Asperifolia” passes as Gowzaban.

No. LL Ruswul, Scindee; Rusoot, Hindustani; extract of a
Berberis—on which (Lycium of Dioscorides) vide “ Royle in Linn.
Tr., and Illust. Him. Bot."

No. LII. Chown; Scindee; used as an eye medicine in
Scinde, as all over the East, on which vide “ Royle in Ill. Him.
Bot.”—Cassia absus ; axakahs.

No. LIII. Bitter leaves of Rhazya stricta; drunk in infusion
by Scindees, as a cool potation in the 40 (110°—129° F. in shade)
weather.

No. LIV. Zalimkhana. Talibkhano. Vide Ainslie, 2. 236.
Seed of Asteracantha longifolia, a mucilaginous seed, in which
kind of medicine the Indian bazaars are rich; having Quince
seeds—Sweet Basil seeds——Plantain (Plantago Ispaghula) seeds—
&e., &e.

No. LV. Hingotey jo Pum; seeds of an Asafetida plant, and
probably (from Falconer’s description) 4e Asafætida plant which,
with two or three other Asafætida plants, grows near Khalàt with-
in hail (as it were) of Scinde.

* This plant forms a new genus of Solaneæ, soon to be published from drawings

and notes of Dr. Stocks,

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 545

No. LVI. “ Beelam,” Scindee ;—“ Bhilawa,” Hindustani ;
marking nut—Semecarpus Anacardium. Sold in all bazaars, for
its uses in medicine, and domestic economy.

No. LVII. “ Areetho,’? Scindee ;—“ Reetha,” Hindustani;
soap nut, used for washing silks.

No. LVIII. Chikakai, Shikakai; legume of Acacia concinna,
used for its saponaceous qualities.

No. LIX. Sañt Kundroo; collected on the lofty Beloochistan
hills from a tree, whose fruits are eaten, and from whose seeds an
oil is extracted. The tree is called “Gwen” by Brahosees—“Kun-
juk” by the Persians—“ Shurumna ” » the Pattans.—It is some-
times also called ** Gulungoor."

No. LX. Fruits of the above tree as sold in the bazaars.

No. LXI. Goor; or unrefined sugar of Scinde. | —

No. LXII. Mahlib; a fragrant seed, used to string into neck-
laces by women.—1t is called Gow/z in the Deecan—vide Ainslie,
2. p. 111. * Geula.”

No. LXIII. Gum, collected in the Scinde forests from Acacia
Arabica only.—The gum (no. 7) was bought in the bazaar and
from several trees (probably).—This was collected by Major Scott.

No. LXIV. Milhaytee, or Miltho Kathee (i. e. sweet wood) ;
root of Abrus precatorius, sold in bazaars. “Indian liquorice.”

No. LXV. Moodhéree ; twigs of Antichorus depressus—demul-
cent—sold in all bazaars.

No. LXVI. Drammahs; twigs of Fagonia Mysurensis, which —
seems identical with F. Arabica. Sold in all bazaars—and drunk
in infusion for itching of body.—You seldom see a low Scindee
not scratching himself: they are so E^

No. LXVIL “ Guggur,” Scindee ;—* Googul,” Hindustani ;
Bdellium of the Bible? Balsamodendron Rozburghü. Arnott.
Very common in Scinde and Beloochistan—Used as incense—in
medicine——and to strengthen mortar.

No. LXVIII. Kumur Kus; like kino. From the Butea
frondosa.

No. LXIX. Ramputtree, or False Mace. Name in Bombay

546 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Tariff. Mohjot,--Scinde name. Aril of a nutmeg, much used in
spicery—It is oily but not aromatic.

No. LXX. Musag; bark of Walnut. From Muscat and
Khelat.

No. LXXI. Beh; rhizome of Nelumbium speciosum. “ Pub-
nee” achenia of do. do. The queer receptacle is called “ Pa-
booro.”” The plant itself is called * Pubbun.” Rhizome, Achenia,
leaf, and flower-stalks are eaten. The Rhizome yields a large
revenue on lake Munchur. The NeZumbium and the Nymphaea
pubescens, whose root-tubers (Lorheon) I sent in Decr., are invalu-
able to the natives. They are enumerated along with jish as the
three things which the opening of a particular line of canal would
bring to a tribe on its banks—in an old Scinde prophecy :—

* Bhajay bund Arror
Hak wuhndo Hakro
Muchheon Lérhee Beh
Wenda Summay sookree.

Arror bund (dam) being broken

Always will flow the Hakro

Fishes Lorhee Beh

Will flow to the Summo as rare presents.

No. LXXI. * Wur Kathee,” Scindee ; “ Morad Sing," Mah-
ratta. Fruit of Helicteres Isora, which in “ typical medicine” is
regarded excellent against gripings and tormina.

No. LXXIII. Nimooree. Fruit of Azedarachta Indica. Tonic.
Sold in all bazaars.

No. LXXIV. Achenia of Nelumbium speciosum, as sold in
bazaars.

No. LXXV. Three boxes of the lacquered Hydrabad work.
Snuff box and snuff. ;

No. LXXVI. Scent box and scented wool, most grateful to
the black nose! to mine, perfectly disgusting—no wonder! the
Scindee name for Calamus aromaticus is Kinee Kathee, i. e. *sfin£-
ing wood.” !

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 547

No. LXXVII. Round box for keeping jewels or any little
articles. The coloured lac is put on in layers (sometimes four or
five distinct and differently coloured ones); and various patterns
are produced by cutting down to the layer of the particular colour
you wish to show out. The wood is Populus Euphratica, Béhôn
or Ban-wood of the Scinde forests. The lac is Scinde.

No. LXXVIII. Scinde lac—found on Acacia Arabica and Zizy-
phus Jujuba.

No. LXXIX. Jognee, or seed lac.

No. LXXX. Kalamdan, or Scinde Pen-box, of the lacquered
Hydrabad work.—The material is paper—the lac comes from the
forests. The ink is made of lamp-black and Scinde gum. The
pens are the stem or culm of Saccharum spontaneum, Roxb., very
common in Scinde. The boxes they make in Affghanistan are
very curious; the Cashmere ones are very beautiful; but the
Persian ones could not be surpassed by the best Parisian artists.
The Scinde ones are so-so. In the box is an inkstand, pens, cakes
of ink, paper-cutters (i. e. native scissors), penknife, and bone-
scoop to put water (when wanted) or ink (when fresh made) into
the inkstand.—N. B. This pen-box is a very common affair, and
such as a dandy Moonshee would be ashamed of. He would have
a beautiful Kandahar or Herat-box, a silver inkstand, ornamented
pens, &c. but it is sent as a specimen (entirely) of what Scindees
make and use.—I may offer the same remark on other articles.

Leather. oe

The tanners of Kurrachee are good ones, and the hides go
to Arabia and. Affghanistan in large quantities. They are a
low and despised caste, and live far from the town. Their tan-
yards are well worth seeing—a business like manner they have,
and a freedom from the sluttish way in which most Scindian manu-
factories are conducted. They take the hair off the hides
with common salt and the acrid juice of the Us or Calotropis pro-
cera, which grows in vast abundance near them. In Kurrachee
they use the Kunro bark, Rhizophora mucronata, which is brought
from the Delta of the Indus, mixed a /ittle with the bark of the
Kirruree or Chowree (Ceriops Candolleana). They seem to avoid

VOL. VII. 3 T :

548 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. |

the Timmer (Avicennia) and the Chawr (ZEyiceras), though these
grow in abundance. I think, however, they get bits of the He-
hor (Bruguiera Rheedii) mixed with the Rhizophora. They beat
up the Rhizophora and steep it in shallow (2-3 feet) vats with the
hides. They afterwards sew up the hides and make them into a
closed sac, into which they pour the strong Rhizophora liquor
and let it strain through. Then they dry in the sun. Next they
oil well, and afterwards rub in powdered Chowdee (Pomegranate
rind), which gives the upper surface a slightly orange tinge and
still further tans it. Then they stack.

No. LXXXI. Fibre of Calotropis procera, (C. Hamiltonii, Wight.)
of which they make very soft rope. Native name of plant, Uk.

No. LXXXII. Bands made of Leptadenia Jocquenvntians
Native name of plant, Kip.

No. LXXXIII. Bands made of the Crotalaria Burhia. Native
name of plant,—Lower Scinde, Drunnoo; Upper Scinde, Thoo-
mar. These two last are more like the hay-bands of England,
and are used for similar purposes—in binding straw—hut making,
&c., &. I cannot say with certainty, whether in some parts they
do or do not deat these two last, and make twine and small ropes
of them.

No. LXXXIV. Leather, tanned with Kunro, and surface rub-
bed with pomegranate bark.

No. LXXXV. Kunro (Rhizophora) bark.

No. LXXXVI. I don’t think this specimen has had the pome-
granate bark.

No. LXXXVII. Leather, tanned with Kunro, and which
afterwards has had turmeric rubbed on to give it a yellow colour.
N. B. About Beyla in Beloochistan, they tell me that they tan
with the Tamarisk. J am going there in a few days and will see.
Also, they say that in some parts they tan with Khairee chips
which come from the Khairo tree, which I rancy is the Catechu.
But I have not seen it. )

Acacia Tans.

No. LXXXVIII. Leather, tanned with the bark of Acacia

Arabica, which grows into a magnificent forest tree, with

ee

ECONOMIC BOTANY OF SCINDE. 549

wide spreading branches and a fine head, pleasing to the eye
with its elegant light-green foliage, to which the yellow flowers
are not a contrast, but (being in the same scale of colours)
a relief and a shade, as it were. Surely Scinde might supply
extracts useful to the English tanners, in its Mangrove forests and
Acacia groves.

No. LXXXIX. Leather coloured red with Scinde Jac, and
slightly tanned with Acacia. .

No. XC. Do., Do. Wukkum or Bukkum wood (Cæsalpinia
Sappan) being used instead of Lac—-Alum is also added.

No. XCI. Wakkum wood. This wood boiled with alkalies
(Pappur Khar—i. e. Carb. Soda and Alum) yields a red liquor,
much thrown about in the Hooly time (Hindoo Saturnalia).
Starch is also made red with the liquor, and the red powder thrown
over the clothes of those passing by. It is called Dattung in
Mahratta.

No. XCII. Blackened leather. Tanned with Babul (Acacia)
bark and Heerakus (impure sulph. iron) added. Heerakus is
found in the Beloochistan hills.

No. XCIIL Acacia bark.

Dyes.

I send a few bits of muslin with different colours.

No. XCIV. Plain.

No. XOV. Zurd; Yellow. Turmeric and lime juice.

No. XCVI. Sistakee; Pista-coloured. Turmeric, indigo, lime juice.

No. XCVII. Siyazee; Onion-coloured (to wit, the external
scales of an onion which are tinged pink). Safflower petals
and lime juice.

No. XOVIIL. Gélahee; Rose-coloured. Seb petals and
lime juice.

No. XCIX. Sudda-gilahee ; Everlasting-rose coloured. Saf-
flower petals and lime juice. These three have the same mate-
rials, but vary in the intensity and quality.

No. C. Kasnee; Chicory-flower-coloured. Safflower petals
and indigo, and afterwards rapidly passed through a weak solu-
tion of indigo.

372

550 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

No. CL. Soorkk; red. Safflower petals, turmeric, and lime
juice.

No. CII. Warinjee; Orange-coloured. Safflower petals, tur-
meric, lime juice, and a little indigo.

No. CIII. Nafurmanee ; Marvel of Peru coloured. Safflower
petals, lime juice, and some indigo.

- No. CIV. Wangunnee or Baingnee; Egg-plant coloured.
Safflower petals, lime juice, and much indigo.

No. CV. Safflower seeds, from which oil is obtained. -

No. CVI. Safflower petals. When gathered they are well
beaten with sticks to develope the colour, and made up and kept
in shops in this state.

No. CVII. The same, beaten up as done just before using.

ee eee

Notes written during a short botanical excursion to Suan BILA-
wuL,* by J. E. Srocxs, M. D. Vaccinator at Scinde.

Kurrachee, 20th April, 1848.

You will think my letters are not like angel’s visits: however,
I think it better to send you the plants as fresh and green as I
can. The present parcel is scarcely dry. I returned from Shah
Bilawul highly gratified with my “ proceeds.”

I left Kurrachee on the 17th March, after sending the box for
the Kew Museum, by that day’s steamer. I rode to Muggur
Peer, about 10 miles N. of Kurrachee, a pretty valley embosomed
in hills, about a mile in length and breadth, in which are pleasant
date-groves, with the white Musjids peeping above their feathery
crown. Here lived and died a Mussulman Hermit, whose holiness
and conduct tamed the ungainly alligators, and brought them to
dwell near him living, and continue near his tomb and Musjid
when he departed this life in the odour of sanctity.

* * Shah Bilawul, in Beloochistan, a hamlet of Lus, regarded with veneration by the
Mahometans, in consequence of its containing the tomb of a reputed saint. It is
situated in a narrow valley embosomed in the Hubb mountains, and watered by a
small stream flowing from a fine spring which never fails. Here is a mosque, with —
a cemetery attached to it, and the Beloochees believe that peculiar blessings attend the

souls of those buried there.” Lat. 25° 49’, long. 67° 5’. (Thornton’s Gazetteer of
the countries adjacent to India, on the north-west.)

EXCURSION TO SHAH BILAWUL. 551

In a swamp, dotted with tussacks of grass,—in the very centre
of the grove—fed by a hot spring, (110° F., yet in which flour-
ishes a Conferva,) welling from the white and dazzling chalk-rock,
—live 100 alligators of all sizes, from the Muggur King of 13ft.
to the comparatively pretty and active youngster who has just
chipped the shell. Torpid—inactive—they bask in the sun on -
the bank, or with their lower halves in the water, rest their broad
breasts on a cushion of grass and gape continuously, or slowly
swim, or ungainly waddle. If a sheep is killed and a shrill cry
uttered, they become alive, and swim, paddle, waddle, rush over
and against each other, and finally collect in a semicircle round
the distributor, who gives them large mouthfuls of the quivering
flesh, and raps them on the nose if they are unruly or impatient.

Here I just caught them in the act of fertilizing the date. A
man ascended the male and cut off the yet unopened spathe. He
split it open and took out the male inflorescence—white and con-
fert like the head of a cauliflower. Yet, with the pollen quite
ripe and falling in showers, if the inflorescence was shaken. On
being asked (intentionally) what was the meaning of this strange
and insane fit of cutting off the flowers which would yield him
dates :—

“No, Sahib,” said he, “these could never become dates—this
is the male," (Nur.)

“What palaver is this? male indeed! where is your female?”

“Yonder, Sahib—this is the male.” :

After more of this, he explained that one was male, one the
female (madee), “and this flour (ata) is the semen,” (shaking the
inflorescence and scattering the pollen.) He then ascended the
female tree by the stumps of the old petioles, and with his axe,
cleared away the old circle of leaves of 1847, and dressed up and
made tidy (as it were) for the bridal. He had previously cut the
male into little bits, some of which he gently shook over the
female, and opening out her inflorescence a little, inserted one or
two bits of the male in it, and descended.

I had a long talk with him after this, and he said God made
some plants without either male or female—pointing to the Jujube,

552 . BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

—on which I made him confess the jujube fri? must be the fe-
male:—and some he made with male and female, separate, as in
man, and he instanced the Date, the Puneer plant, and some
others. However, he had probably never thought of it before, in
doing what his fathers had done before him. But how did his
fathers first find it out? Probably just as the superintendent of
the commissariat gardens at Kurrachee, who noticed that Dodonwa
( female), never ripened its seed till this year, when accidentally he
transplanted another plant of it (which happened to be a male),
and brought it from a distant part of the gardens near the other.
(Vide the result in the boxfull of seeds I send you in this parcel.)
. Next day I got to the Hubb River, separating Scinde from
Beloochistan, where I found a Cafila from Affghanistan, just arrived
with Asafætida and Wool. The Asafætida being in skins induced
me to ask where it came from, (i. e. whether from Khelát, or He-
rat, or Kandahar,) remembering old Kempfer (Amon. Exoticæ)
had said, that Herat Asafcetida “utpote mollior pellibus ovinis invo-
luta,” whereas, Asa Larensis (Mekran and Belooch. Asafcetida,)
“aridior saccis e foliis palme involuta ;" which palm, by the way,
is just the Chamerops Ritchiana. I found it came from Herat,
and that wo Khelât Asafcetida is exported. They gave me a little
better idea of the /oo£ of the asafcetida plant, and told me it grows
sparingly, considerably S. of Khelât, and not so very far from
Kurrachee,—200 miles say. Casting another look of admiration
at their massive drayman-like figures, long beards, and manly
faces, I made my salaam, and left them to talk about the English
Hakeem. |

-. The next day I passed the defiles at the base of the lofty moun-
tain Lakan, and to my great joy was surrounded by new faces in
the plant line. I had hitherto seen but the old familiar features.
The grey Huphorbia, size of a haycock, just in flower, holding up
its thick and thorny branches like wax tapers in a chandelier,
crowded at the ends with the small fleshy flowers, looking like so
many rubies, and the Googul-stumps, and Balsamodendron-faggots
(withered sticks), and the large bushes of Capparis aphylla, glaring

EXCURSION TO SHAH BILAWUL. 553

like patches of flame even 100 yards off, so crowded are the
brilliant scarlet flowers on the twiggy leafless branches.

But crossing the Vehrab river, which winds round the base of
Lakan, the vegetation became profuse. Rain had fallen in abund-
ance, and the bed of the river was studded with deep pools, be-
tween which the smoothly-ribbed sand, and the rolled stones, and
the margin-bushes with straws and dirt entangled in their branches,
evidenced the late force of the current, swollen by torrents which
had poured down 2000—3000 feet.

How pleasant it was, proceeding onwards. Tufts of vents
Grasses, and vast patches of the Fan Palm, and masses of the
sweet smelling Gibsonia, filled up the little water-courses, and
every where was heard the faint tinkle of the goat’s bell, and the
deeper boom from the herds of buffaloes and oxen, and every now
and then, up the side of some tall hill, the white sheep and the
brown goats would commence their winding ascent, stopping at
each little tuft to browse, yet still ascending, till the broad hill-
side was one mass of life. The elegant Acacia Faruesiana (which
in the hills takes the place of Acacia Arabica of the plain,) filled
the air with perfume, and the very baggage camels snorted with
joy at seeing all kinds of food so plentiful, and especially did they
eye the Salvadora Indica, and stretch out their long necks in
the act of marching, and break off mouthfuls. Plantagos, Reseda,
Oligomeris, Ochradenus, Didesmus, Anticharis, Trichodesma, Evol-
vulus, Convolvulus, Gypsophila, Arnebia, &'c., commenced imme-
diately, and occupied me to Shah Bilawul. !

Shah Bilawul is a narrow ravine, 13 miles long, by from 40 feet to
40 yards wide, which expands at the upper end a little. Here it is, a
regular funnel, the rocks rising on the sides to 2000 feet (as I found
by boiling water,) and down their sides trickled cool springs of water,
which collected and formed a babbling brook down the valley. -
The Faqueers, with great taste, had planted all kinds of trees,
Mangoes, Tamarinds (25 feet round), Neem (Azadirachta), Albizeia
Lebbec, Cordia Myxa, Pomegranate, Parkinsonia, Babool (Acacia
Arabica), Baver (Ac. Farnesiana), Rottlera, Bahun (Populus Fu-
phratica), Pandanus odoratissima, Eugenia, Sweet. Lime and Date

554 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Palm: and the Vine, and the Cesalpinia Bonducella, climbing
up the trees. As at Muggur Peer, the Muggurs (alligators), so
here, the peacocks. Shah Bilawul, whose white Musjid was at the
end of the grove, had been fond of peacocks, and from 80 to 100
were here, screaming incessantly, and flying from tree to tree,
and spreading their tails of pride,—tame too, and were fed by call.

The trees here, (from the depth of the valley losing one hour’s
morning, and one hour’s evening sun,) had shot up high and
straight, as well as got portly in bulk. They had plenty of water,
of their own accord baring their roots, and sending them to meet

the streams, but also having little channels flowing among them,
one day in one direction, another day in another, by the care of
the Faqueers. I remained here seven days, and you will see by my
collection what was the nature of the Flora. I have not sent
every plant I collected—about 200—but all the good ones. Many
I knew in Guzerat, ( Evolvulus, §c.,) and many I have sent you in
other parcels. Oligomeris, Trichodesma, Anticharis, Didesmus,
Hyoscyamus, Forskelia, Picridium, Talinum, &e. There is here,
an evident beginning of the vegetation of the lofty hills of Beloo-
chistan. Caragana polyacantha, Chamerops, Umbellifere, Tecoma,
Olea, Punica, Lawsonia and Azadirachta, truly wild. Now all
this was in March. lam afraid I cannot get there in July, when
I should reap an abundant harvest, but I must go in Septem-
ber to see the close, as I saw now the opening of the Annus
Botanicus at Shah Bilawul.

One day I took an excursion to the mountain Lakin, where
was a cave with stalactites from the roof, and water continually
dripping, reminding me of Knaresborough, as the valley of Shah
Bilawul did, most forcibly, of Matlock. Here was a place where
Adam and Eve were said to have issued from the bowels of the
earth. However, I disgusted my guide by paying more attention to
Hyoscyamus muticus which grew hard by, than to his relation.
You know our Indian mode of marching? I think you would
have been amused with the sight of mine. For example: on eaving
Shah Bilawul, the sun fast. descending behind the lofty moun-
tains, leaving the valley half light, half shade, with the broad

EXCURSION TO SHAH BILAWUL. 555

shadows; the rippling brook (margined by large and picturesque
Acacias,) forming little falls, and expanding below into deep pools ;
the narrow footpath obstructed by large blocks of stone detached
from the sides of the hills, now crossing the brook, now winding
under the base of a tall rock, now ascending a little along its
steep sides. Then, “the goodly company.” First and foremost
my poodle-terrier, (fancying himself the guide, and most im-
portant person of the lot,) as happy as dog can be, looking back
whenever he has scrambled to the top of a big block of stone,
and saying: “ Why don't you folks get on as actively as I do?"
Then followed the camels, in Indian file: two with geological
specimens, three with my personal baggage and tents, one with
plants, drying boards, &c., and myself on the last. Two stone-
collectors, two plant-collectors, five camel-men, all armed with big
sticks, walk before and between, and by the side of the camels,
encouraging them on the rough road by a guttural and prolonged
grunt (like a cow lowing) : “ Ough—Ough—Ough—K übburdar,
Ough—Ough—Ough—Kubburdér.” The camel-men addressing
the camels every now and then as they slip or stumble: “Hey, buch-
ho! béo wuddo putthrs! Hey, buchho! Ho child! another big
stone! Ho child!” Last came my servant bearing a lanthern, (mark
of his office,) and the guide, a fine handsome Beloochee with match-
lock, belt, powder-horn, ball-bag, flint-case and sword.—NB.
His tinder was the scurf off the leaves of the Chamerops Ritchi-
ana dipped in saltpetre.— With these, trots a long-fleeced, long- -
horned Scinde goat, bleating incessantly, to avoid whom (if the
truth must be told), the dog always keeps a-head, as my lady
makes a point of rushing at him and rolling him over, wagging -
her tail rapidly as she does it and thinking it great fun. A great
pest, by the way, was this same impudent goat, who used to watch
when I was examining plants and slily eat the specimens out of
my hand, besides hunting out the half-dried plants, devouring
them and munching the paper.

I think, if I get to Shah Bilawul in autumn, which is most
likely—nay, I may get there twice before the end of the year,—I
might draw up a paper for your Journal of Botany, describing

VOL. VII. SU

556 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

the route to Shah Bilawul, and the successive changes of the
plants as in my notes, with a description of the road and the val-
ley, and notes at the end.

à J. E. S.

Notice of a Species of Fumaria new to Britain; by Mr. WILLIAM
Mirren.

Having found among the British Fwmarie in Mr. Borrer’s
herbarium, a plant not hitherto distinguished as a native of this
country, I have thought it worth while to offer a transcript of its
characters from Koch’s Synopsis, and of its synonyms from the
Monograffia delle Fumariaceæ of Parlatore, adding a few remarks.

Fumaria agraria (Lagasca); “fructibus subrotundis obtusis
crenula emarginatis tuberculato-rugulosis, sepalis ovatis acutis
dentatis corolla plus duplo brevioribus pedicello latioribus, brac-
teis pedicello fructifero brevioribus, racemis evolutis laxis, foliorum
laciniis oblongis obovatisve." Koch, Synopsis Fl. Germ. Ed. 2,
p. 1017.

Syn. “ Fumaria agraria, Lagasca! Elench. Pl. Hort. Reg. Bot.
Madr. Ann. 1816, p. 21, n. 282.— Boiss ! Voy. Bot. dans le midi
de Ü Espagne pendant V année 1891, ex specimine.

F. media Dec! Syst. Nat. v. 2, p. 184, et Prodr. v. 1, p. 130,
pro parte, ex ejus. herbario.—Guss! Fl. Sic. Prodr. 9, p. 354, et
PI. exsice. ex Neapoli.—Presl, Fl. Sic. v. 1, p. 37.—Tenore! Fl.
Neapol. v. 2, p. 118, ex specimine.— Bertol! Pl. exsicc. ex Liguria.

F. major, Badarro ! in Moretti, Bot. Ital. 1, p. 10, n. 34, ann.
1826, ex specimine.— Reichenh, Fl. Germ. exc. v. 9, p. 691. (ie. f-
1222.)— Gasparrini ! Pl. exsiec. ex Calabria, prope Rosarnum.

F. officinalis, 8, major. Moris! Fl. Sard. v. 1, p. 90, es
specimine.

F. officinalis, 8, grandiflora. Dec. Syst. Nat. sx 2, p. piod e
Prodr. v. 1, p. 130."

Has. Tintagel, Cornwall. Mr. Borrer.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF FUMARIA. 557

To the synonyms, which have been taken verbatim from Parla-
tore, I have not thought it advisable to add that of Fumaria
media, Loisel: Notices p. 101, et 102? and Reichenbach icon. f.
4455, both cited by Koch: for of the first, Koch observes: “ In
hanc ea que Loisel de sua F. media protulit magis quadrant quam
in ceteris hujus generis species Europæas, sed auctores dubitant
quin vera sit planta illius auctoris;” and Reichenbach’s figure
represents a plant so much like F. officinalis, that I know not how
it differs from that species.

The only British Fumaria, with which the mme handsome
species can be compared, is F. capreolata, which in size and gene-
ral appearance very much resembles it, from which, however, it
may be clearly distinguished by’ its more erect and rigid stems,
its smaller and more deeply toothed sepals, and its rough fruit.

Fumaria agraria appears to be found chiefly in the warmer
parts of Europe, and can therefore only be expected to occur in
the southern counties of England, where it may possibly haye
been overlooked for a state of F. capreolata; to which species
indeed Mr. Borrer tells me he had referred it.

A plant occurs in this neighbourhood, in garden-ground, of
which I find specimens from Germany, in Mr. Woods’s herbarium,
named Fumaria peregrina, Kübler, but which, at present, I am dis-
posed to consider a small-flowered state of F. capreolata.

Hurstpierpoint, June, 1848.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

De Vrese (W. H.); Descriptions et Figures des PLANTES Nov-
VELLES ef Rares du Janpiw Boranique de l’Université de
LxrpE e£ des principaux Jardins du Royaume des Pays Bas.
Ouvrage dedié à Sa Majesté la’ Reine. Livraison. 1. Imp.
folio. Leide, 1847. |
In this, the first Livraison of a very beautiful work, the talented

Professor of Botany of the University of Leyden has illustrated

BU?

ig dis c
E o0 UTE

558 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

with exquisite figures, and equally excellent descriptions, the four
following plants :—

l. Ficus fulva, Reinwardt; a Java plant, “remarquable par
l’elégance de son port, par la belle verdure de son feuillage, et les
belles couleurs des stipules et de ses fruits, lorsqu'ils sont parve-
nus à leur maturité."

2. Zamia muricata, (fem.) Willd.; native of Venezuela and
New Grenada.

3. 4. Encephalartos Altensteinii, LeAm. Two plates are de-
voted to this noble species, an inhabitant of the interior of south-
ern Africa. ‘Les recherches des savants et des voyageurs ont
été éminemment fructueuses aux jardins et aux collections botan-
iques. Les Hollandais, dans les tems anciens de leur domina-
tion aux Indes Orientales, oà la navigation, le commerce, et la
science de la nature marchoient déja de commun accord, ont in-
troduit ces belles et intéressantes formes dans leurs jardins, des
Indes et du Cap de Bonne-Espérance. Il y a lieu d’admettre, que
des individus de cette famille, qui, il y a environ un siécle, firent
déja I ornement des jardins Impériaux de Schoenbrunn, y ont été
apportés de la Hollande. De nos jours, dans nos jardins on ad-
mire les formes les plus gigantesques de cette famille, que jamais
on ait vues en Europe, et dont les troncs dénués de leur feuillage
et leurs racines, sans en éprouver aucun dommage essentiel, ont
essuyés toutes les chances d'un isolement total des conditions
nécessaires à la végétation, et surtout de la température élevée
propre aux terres tropiques, dont on les retire.

“ Dans les galéries Royales, ou les beaux arts et la nature font
le plus noble concours pour produire un effet vraiment enchanteur,
parmi ces magnifiques Palmiers, ces Musacées énormes, parmi les
Araucaires d’une rare grandeur, et ces centaines de Rhododen-
drons en arbre, on admire une Cycadée du genre Encephalartos,
d’un développement extraordinaire, qui vient de fleurir à trois
cônes mâles et que la bienveillance du Roi a daigné mettre à ma
disposition, s’il fut possible, au profit de la science.”

5. The last plate of this noble work, exhibits the analyses of
the preceding species, together with those of Bromelia Comme-

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 559

liniana, De Vriese, to be described doubtless in the succeeding
livraison.

The drawings are chiefly executed by M. P. W. M. Trap, and
do credit to the age and country.

PnrrzEL, G. A.; Taesaurus Lireratur# Botanica, &c.

We take pleasure in announcing the appearance of the fourth
fasciculus of this very useful book, which carries on the work, m
the alphabetical arrangement of author's names, as far as “Wessen,”
and to the number of titles of works, 1117. Thus the alpha-
betical order will soon be completed, and then pipe “les livres
anonymes etles publications périodiques ainsi qu'une table des
Renvoyez."

Prant# Pretsstanm; sive Enumeratio Plantarum, quas in Aus-
TRALIA OCCIDENTALI ef MERIDIONALI-OCCIDENTALI annis 1838—
41 collegit Lupovicus Preiss, Ph. Dr.: partim ab aliis partim
a se ipso determinatas descriptas illustratas, edidit CHRISTIANUS
Lenman. 2 vols, Hamburgh, 1844-1847.

We are glad to be able to announce the conclusion of this
highly useful work on the Botany of Western Australia; for the
editing of which, the botanical world is much indebted to Dr.
Lehmann. The second volume includes a considerable number of
Cryptogamiæ (though our English Herbaria are still rich in un-
published species of that colony,) and an appendix, together with
a double index : the first following the order of the numbers in the
distributed collections of Dr. Preiss; the second alphabetical.

Travtverrer, Dr. E. R.; PLANTARUM IMAGINES e? DESCRIPTIONES
FLoram Rossicam iJJustrantes. Monachii; 1844. Fasc. 1-8.

We have elsewhere noticed, and with commendation, this useful
Work. Each fasciculus, in small 4to, contains five neat outline

560 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

figures, with analyses, of the rare or little known plants of Russia,
accompanied by corresponding descriptions in Latin. A hundred .
such plants will constitute a volume. The vast extent of Russian
dominion in the northern hemisphere, and it is destined to include
species of the North American, as well the European and
Asiatic territories, render this work important to those engaged in
the study of the botany of all our temperate and northern regions,
both of the old and the new world. The students of the North
American Flora, and especially those of our own newly acquired
possessions in north-western India, as of the “countries adjacent
to this part of India,” so admirably described in the “ Gazetteer,”
recently published by Edward Thornton, Esq., will find this work,
along with Ledebour’s Flora Rossica, most useful in their botani-
cal researches : and all will tend to increase considerably our know-
ledge of the geographical distribution of plants. We trust this
work will meet with the encouragement it deserves.

Emerson, G. B.; Report on the TREES and SHRUBS growing na-
turally in the forests of Massacuuserts: published agreeably
to an order of the legislature, on the Zoological and Botanical
survey of the state. Boston. 1846.

It is worthy of a great nation, like that of North America, to
employ its scientific men, as it is now doing, in reporting on the
natural productions and resources of its vast continent. The present
volume concludes the work of the commission on the zoological
and botanical survey of the State. It has been prepared with
especial reference to the instructions of Gov. Everett, and direct-
ing the commissioners, “to keep carefully in view the economical
relations of every subject of their enquiry.”

Much on the subject was done by Michaux in his North Ame-
rican Sylva. But the progress of botany, and experience in the
uses and qualities of the objects under consideration, have thrown
a new light on the history of trees and shrubs: and Mr. Emerson
seems to have availed himself of the information to be obtained
from books, from personal friends, and from his own practical

NOTICES OF BOOKS. 561

knowledge. The work is accompanied by seventeen neatly executed
plates, of which, eleven are Oaks, four Hickories, one Nettle tree,
and one the Tupelo tree. :

We should have been glad also to have seen a synopsis of the
genera and species, by which their identity could have been at
once determined.

Tuckerman, Ewn. A. M.; LicugNEs AMERICA SEPTENTRIONALIS
Bxsiccati. Fasc. I. et IT. Cantabrigiæ, Nov. Angl., 1847.

Assuredly one of the most promising and enthusiastic botanists
at this time in North America, is Mr. Ewd. Tuckerman of Bos-
ton. Scarcely was our pen dry after writing the brief notice of
the “Synopsis of Lichens of the northern United States and British
America,” than we were gratified by the appearance of the two
(in one) beautiful fasciculi of dried specimens published by the same
author. The specimens are excellent, and they form a volume
of fifty species; the descriptions of which are of course given in
the synopsis.

The same parcel also brought us a Memoir from the same
author, extracted from Silliman’s Journal, on some interesting
plants of New England, in which the specific distinctions of seve-
ral new or dubious species, are treated of with much good sense
and judgment.

But the work in which Mr. Tuckerman is now particularly en-
gaged, is a Monograph of the Genus Potamogeton, a genus re-
quiring elucidation no less than Cuscuta, which has been so ably
illustrated by another North American botanist, Dr. Engelmann.
Botanists generally cannot do better than send to Mr. Tuckerman,
specimens of Potomogetons from all parts of the world, or the
loan of such as require to be returned.

Pappr, Dr. L.; List of SovrH AFRICAN INDIGENOUS PLANTS,
used as remedies by the colonists. Cape Town. 1847.

Under this modest title Dr. Pappe has given a catalogue, with

562 NOTICES OF BOOKS.

a notice of the properties of seventy indigenous plants, which
have been used as remedies by the colonists at the Cape of Good
Hope, arranged according to the natural system of De Candolle.
“Tn a country like South Africa,” says the author, “which is even
now but thinly populated, and where the inhabitants in some parts
are often deprived of medical aid, it is not to be wondered at that
they are obliged to try the efficacy of the different remedies with-
in their reach. Many a plant has thus been used here as a medi-
cine in various diseases, as well by the savage, as by the colonist
living in the more remote districts, and some of these drugs have
already found their way into Europe.” Such a little work from
the pen of an accomplished practitioner cannot fail to be of great
service to the colony, and it ought to be largely distributed, espe-
cially in the districts remote from towns.

Revisio Critica OASUARINARUM ; auctore F. A. G. MIQUEL, Insti-
tuti Regii Socio; cum tabulis xu. Amstelodami, 1848. 4to.

The able author here enters into a critical examination of the
Casuarina ; followed by a “Conspectus specierum," and then by
a full botanical history of thirty-three species, accompanied by a
great number of illustrative figures, analyses, &c., on twelve folio
plates. Dr. Miquel has spared no pains to render this mono-
graph as perfect as possible, and besides the specimens in his own
Herbarium, has had the use of the whole of the Hookerian col-
lection, so rich in ARR species.

FICUUM SPECIES NIGRITIANA. 563

Ficuum sPkores Nionrraw e ; illustravit F. A. G. MIQUEL,
Botanices Professor Amstelodamensis.

(Tas. XII. XIII. XIV. XV.)

[As the tropical western African species of Ficus, including
all those of the Niger Expedition, will be described in the
“ Flora” of that Voyage now nearly ready for publication, it only
remains for us to give the names of those here represented by the
pencil of Dr. Miquel, and their place in the Monography pub-
lished in this work.|—Ep.

Tas. XII.

A. Urostigma Vogelii, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et Mig. Prodr.
Monogr. Fic. vol. 6, hujusce op. p. 553.

B. Urostigma rubicundum, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et l c.
p. 558. |

Tas. XIII.

A. Urostigma elegans, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et in l. c. p. 551,
n. 87.

B. Urostigma ottoniæfolium, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et in
vol. 6, hujusce operis, p. 557, n. 88.

C. Urostigma Thonningii, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et in l c.
p. 557, n. 89.

Tas. XIV.

A. Sycomorus Thonningiana, Mig. in Hook. FI. Nigrit. et supra, |
im hoc vol. p. 112, n. 6. l
B. Sycomorus Guineensis, Mag. : in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et supra,
l. c. p. 112, 7. 8.
C. Ficus exasperata, Vahl, Enum. n. p. 197, ^k supra, p. 231,
n. 38.

Tas. XV.

A. Ficus ludens, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et supra, p. 224,
n. 14.
VOL. VII. 3 x

564 NOTE ON ANEMIA SEEMANNI.

B. Ficus asperifolia, Mig. in Hook. Fl. Nigrit. et supra, p. 231,
n. 39.

Nore on Anemia Szemannt, Hook.; by W. J. H.
Tas. XVI.

The Anemia, like other ferns, are difficult to discriminate, and we
should despair of characterizing many of them, except by the aid
of figures; and even then it behoves us to form new species with
great caution, and not to assert that they are such too positively.

The present individual sent from Taboga, near Panama, did
strike me on first sight as being not only a very beautiful but a
very distinct species, which I wish to dedicate to its discoverer,
now on a botanical voyage in H.M.S. Herald. It must not, how-
ever, be concealed that it is very closely allied to 4. humilis, Sw.,
(Osmunda humilis, Cav. lc. v. 6, p. 592, f. 3,) from the same
country, and to the Anemia pilosa, Mart, and Galeot. Fil. p. 19,
t. 2, f. 1, from the Cordillera of Oaxaca, and which I consider
identical with 4. humilis. It differs in the smaller size, in the
fewer, shorter, rounder, and less compound spikes.

Anemia SEEMANNI, Hook.

. Humilis, caudice repente villosissime paleaceo, frondibus cæspi-
tosis pilosis pinnatis, stipitibus brevibus, foliolis obovato-rotun-
datis sub-oblique cuneatis obscure lobatis minute crenulatis
approximatis, sterilibus 7-8, fertilibus sub-4, terminali cuneato-
flabellato, pedunculis binis (una cum fronde fertili) brevi-stipitatis
stipite 4-plo longioribus, spica anguste lineari-oblonga sub-sim-
plici. (Tas. XVL) i

Has. Taboga, near Panama, W. Seemann.

Tas. XVI. Fig. 1. Capsules :—magnified.

RANUNCULUS JAVANICUS. 565

Note on RANUNCULUS Javanicus, BL; by W. J. H.
Tas. XVII.

Beautiful specimens of this plant, in flower and in fruit, gathered
by Mr. Thos. Lobb, in Java, enable me to give a representation
of the species, and some further particulars than are contained in
Blume's * Bijdragen."

RawuwcuLUs Javanicus, Bi.

Parce pilosus, caulibus elongatis flagelliformibus, foliis omnibus
petiolatis (radicalibus magnis longissime) inferioribus oblongo-
cordatis obtusis crenatis superioribus remotis cordatis ovatisve
supremis lanceolatis incisis, pedunculis oppositifoliis unifloris, sepalis
patentibus hirsutis, fructus capitulis globosis, acheniis ovatis punc-
tatis stylo incrassato brevi terminatis.

R. Javanicus, Blume, Bijdr. 1, p. 8.

Has. By mountain rivulets in Java, Blume ; Thomas Lobo.

Professor Blume justly allies this to R. Bonariensis ; it belongs
to the same group, but it is a much larger and handsomer species,
sparingly and unequally hairy, or rather hispid with appressed
rigid leaves, most so on the young leaves and apices of the stems.
These stems are simple in all the specimens I have seen, weak,
flagelliform, a foot and a half long, rarely rooting. Radical leaves
4-5 inches long (upon petioles sometimes a foot in length),
oblong or ovato-cordate, obtuse, crenated, with a very deep and
narrow sinus at the base, the lobes of which generally overlap -
each other. Cauline leaves remote, on shorter petioles, the lower
ones broadly cordate, with a wide sinus, becoming gradually
smaller upwards, and narrower, till the upper ones are almost
lanceolate, and more or less incised. Sheaths of the petioles long,
membranaceous, hispid. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, inserted op-
posite the leaves, single-flowered. Petals obovate, about twice as
long as the hairy sepals; nectariferous scale near the base.
Head of fruit globose, as large as a good sized pea. Achenia |
rather numerous, ovate, slightly laterally compressed, dotted, ter-
` minated by a rather short, recurved, or uncinate style.

Tas. XVII. Fig. 1. Petal. f. 2, achenium :—magnified.

5*2

566 NEW SPECIES OF PENTAGONIA.

Notice of a new species of PENTAGONIA (Ord. Rubiaceæ), Benth.,
from Panama, discovered by Mr. Seemann; by W. J. H.

(Tas. XVIIL)

In Mr. Bentham’s “Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S.
Sulphur,” he has figured and described, p. 105, tab. 39, a very
remarkable new genus from Panama, under the name of Penta-
gonia, of the tribe of Rondeletiez, Fam. Rubiacee. One species
only was known to Mr. Bentham, P. macrophylla. Among a col-
lection lately made in the southern extremity of the isthmus of
Panama, by Mr. Seemann, is another plant, which, differing as it
does in some remarkable particulars from P. macrophylla, never-
less did at once so strike its discoverer as of that genus, that he
sent it home with the appropriate name of Pentagonia pinna-
tifida attached to it. A tolerably careful analysis of the speci-
mens, of which it is to be regretted the flowers are not in a

very perfect state, confirms the view taken of it by Mr. Seemann,
and I gladly adopt his name.

PENTAGONIA PINNATIFIDA. Seem. mst.

Hexamera, foliis maximis pinnatifidis longe petiolatis, petiolis
basi utrinque auriculatis, calycibus tubplosis apice 6-dentatis intus
pilosis basi squamis 6-ovatis pubescentibus instructis, corolla
tubulosa calycem vix superante apice 6-dentato. (Tas. XVIIL)

Has. Cupica, at the southern extremity, and on the Pacific
side, of the isthmus of Panama. W. Seemann.

Characters common to this and to P. macrophylla, and which
may be esteemed of generic importance, are the general aspect of
the two, the great size of the foliage, the very peculiar reticulation,
best seen on the under side of the leaf, as exhibited atf. 6 of our
plate; the size and shape of the stipules ; inflorescence with its
copious bracteas; the general structure of ovary, style and stigma,

with the cup-shaped epigynous disk ; the sou of the stamens
and hairyness of the filaments.

Our plant differs from Mr. Bentham’s, remarkably, in the pin-
natifid leaves, in the two great auricles, one on each side the base of

ON THE GENUS BENJAMINIA. 567

the petiole, in the hexamerous flowers, the very elongated free
position of the tube of the calyx, which, moreover, has six conspic-
uous scales in the inside near the base, and in the very elongated
cylindrical tube of the corolla, which, as well as the calyx, is
6-toothed rather than 6-lobed at the limb.

Notwithstanding the somewhat decayed state of the flowers,
the above characters may be relied upon ; and should future
observations discover marks sufficient to constitute of our present
plant a new genus, I cannot but wish it should have the name of
its discoverer, Seemannia.

Tas. XVII. Fig. 1, Bractea; and f. da fascicle of flowers,
nat. size; f. 3, vertical section of ovary; f. 4, calyx laid open
(and pistil) ; f. 5, corolla laid open; f. 6, portion of a leaf,
underside ; more or less magnified.

Note on the Genus Bunsamrnta, Mart. referred by Lupw. BENJA-
MIN to the family of UrR1icULARIEE; by G. Benruam, Esq.

The examination and determination of Utricularia, from dried
Specimens, is a matter of peculiar difficulty on account of the ex-
treme tenuity and delicacy of the flowers.. It is, therefore, highly
satisfactory to see it taken up by a young botanist who has evi-
dently bestowed great pains in the detailed examination of those
species of which he had specimens at his command, and the result
has already been a monograph of the Brasilian species in Endlicher
and Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis, a sketch of the order and descrip-
tion of many new species in the twentieth volume of the Linnea,
and an enumeration of tropical American species in the same
volume of that periodical. He has, however, added a genus to
the order (to which he had at first given the name of Quinguelobus, `
but which Martius requested, out of compliment to his exertions,
permission to publish under the name of Benjaminia), which struck
me at once as anomalous, from its opposite inflorescence, and other
characters ; and on looking into the species, I was surprised to

568 ON THE GENUS BENJAMINIA.

find that two of them (or at any rate specimens from the same
collections, with corresponding nnmbers) had been referred by
myself to the order Scrophulariacea ; viz. :—n. 4347 of Gardner,
which is the Benjaminia utricularioides, and my Herpestes reflexa,
and n. 2276 of Cuming’s Philippine island and Malacca collection
(from Malacca), which is the Benjaminia glabra, and which I had
considered as closely allied to, if not the same as Limnophila
gratioloides var. 8. myriophylloides. Tn the case of both of these
plants I had formerly examined flowers, and clearly ascertained
that the stamens were, in insertion and form, those of the genera
to which I had referred them ; my specimens do not admit of my
now re-examining these organs, but I have dissected another
capsule of each species, and again found it in. both cases to be
bilocular with axile placentation. Mr. Benjamin does not figure
or describe the placentation, nor does he specially refer to the
position of the stamens in either of these species, and I must
therefore conclude that they are both true Serophulariacee, and
not Utricularieg, and I see no reason for removing them from
the genera where I had placed them.

This is not, however, the first instance in which the reduction
ofthe foliage to capillary segments, by the action of water, has
oceasioned mistakes, by the similarity of aspect it gives to plants
belonging to families far removed from each other. It is not un-
common to find in herbaria, in the cover of Myriophyllum, speci-
mens of Ranunculus, Cabomba, Ceratophyllum, Limnophila, Dyso-
phylla, Anacharis, &c., and the Limnophila gratioloides had
been already described among Caryophyllee and among Primu-
lacee.

What the two remaining species of Benjaminie may be, I
cannot tell without seeing the specimens, but from Mr. Benjamin’s
description, I should guess the Benjaminia splendens to be Dopa-
trium lobelioides, and the B. minor to be Dopatrium nudicaule.

. A NEW BRITISH SAXIFRAGE. 569

Account of a new Brivish Saxtrrace; by W. H. Harvey, M.D.

&c., Professor of Botany to the Royal Dublin Society.

(With a Plate, Tas, XIX.)

The announcement of a new British Saxifrage carries, on the
face of it, a mark of doubt; especially as the one I have to intro-
duce belongs to the group of 8. umbrosa, a group almost pro-
verbially variable and uncertain in a variable and uncertain genus.
I must also admit that our new plant was not originally found in
a flowering state, and has produced the only flowers which have -
been seen after having been cultivated for three years in a garden.
This circumstance, for the present, may prejudice many persons
against receiving the new plant into the calendar; but if not a
good species, a point which I leave to botanists to decide, all
must admit that it is at least a very remarkable variety, and as
such, is worthy of being figured, and of having attention directed
to it. The shape of the leaves is very peculiar. They are much
longer and more spathulate than those of any other of the umbrosa —
group that I have seen, and almost remind one of those of
S. cotyledon and its allies. But distinctions derived from the
leaves are not those on which, in this genus, I am disposed to
place much reliance, for it must be owned that the leaves of
S. umbrosa, 8. Geum, and their allies vary extremely in outline ; in
the length of the petiole, in the crenatures of the margin, in pubes-
cence, in short, in all their characters. This new species (or .
variety), however, is chiefly characterized by differences in the
structure of the flower, and these are so marked, that it can
scarcely be placed in the same section of the genus as S. umbrosa,
but rather belongs to the group of S. nivalis. In the wmbrosa
group the calyx is parted to the base, the sepals are perfectly free
from the ovary, and are strongly reflexed soon after the expansion
ofthe flower. In our new species the calyx is gamosepalous, |
cleft two thirds of its length, the tubercular portion adheres to
the base of the ovary, and the limb, instead of being reflexed, is
simply spreading. Add to this, that the petals are much broader
and more elliptical than in any of the group, and are elegantly

dotted over the whole surface, and we have characters sufficient,

570 A NEW BRITISH SAXIFRAGE.

I should hope, to mark a species even among a set so proverbially
undefineable.

I propose to dedicate this plant to its discoverer, William
Andrews, Esq., of Dublin, who has paid much attention to the
Trish Saxifrages, particularly those of the umbrosa group, and who
deserves much credit for the patience and success with which he
has worked out this very puzzling set of plants. The following
are its characters :—

Saxifraga Andrewsii; caule brevi, foliis rosulatis patentibus

.spathulatis obtusis glabris crassiuseulis basi in petiolum subci-
liatum angustatis, obtuse dentatis margine tenui membranaceo,
floribus paniculatis, pedunculo pedicillisque longiusculis glandu-
loso-hirsutis, sepalis basi coalitis ovario adhærentibus recurvo-
patentibus (nec reflexis) oblongis obtusis glabriusculis margine
anguste membranaceis, petalis calyce triplo longioribus late ellip-
ticis vix emarginatis punctatis.

The history of the discovery I shall give in Mr. Andrews’ own
words :— With regard to my Saxifrage,” he writes, “I have but
little to say beyond the following. Professor Allman, on the 25th
of June, 1845, read a paper at one of the sectional meetings of
the British Association, held at Cambridge, conveying my views
of the Robertsonian Saxifrages. In the views, which were alto-
gether in opposition to those advanced by Mr. Babington,
and published by him in the Annals of Natural History for June,
1844, I stated, as my opinion, that all the forms of Geum and um-
brosa of Ireland, were identical with those of the Pyrennees, and
that forms of leaves of Gewm, equally as obtusely crenate as those
of the Pyrennees, were met with in Kerry. Further, that all these
forms passed so completely into each other, that neither Airsuta,
elegans, nor serratifolia had any pretension to specific difference.
This view of the subject has since been confirmed by Mr. Spruce,
as noted in the London Journal of Botany for July, 1846; but
Mr. Babington has not yet found time to correct any of the state-
ments in the Journal where they have been so positively asserted
by him. To strengthen still further my points, I assiduously, in
September, 1845, collected in my rambles in Kerry, every form — 2

ON A NEW BRITISH SAXIFRAGE. 571

of leaf of Gewm and umbrosa that I could meet with, and among
them found the very remarkable form of leaf of the plant that you
have so kindly undertaken to draw and describe. The specimens
of this last were collected, growing on moist cliffs in a mountain
at the extreme termination of Glen Caragh, either Cluan or Clara-
beg, I am not certain which. They were not in flower at the
time of gathering. I removed roots to my garden, where they
did not produce flowers till this season (June, 1848), when the
more remarkable characters were apparent. I may mention that
one of the most remarkable forms of S. serratifolia that I col-
lected was at the entrance of Dingle Harbour, growing within the
influence of high-water mark. So endless, however, are the forms
of leaf and growth, in this family, that unless some good distinc-
tion of- flower, or of fructification can be defined, and which I
have no doubt that the present plant presents, it would be vain
to attempt separation.”

It is altogether on a difference in the floral organs, such as
Mr. Andrews alludes to, that I propose to establish the present
species, but it would greatly strengthen its claims were specimens
flowering in a wild state collected and examined. So few persons
visit the Kerry mountains in the early spring months, when the
saxifrages are in blossom, that some time may yet elapse before
the point is settled. Meanwhile our figure, taken from a culti-
vated individual, will serve to keep the plant in memory.

As Lam on the subject of Kerry botany, I may add that Simethis
bicolor, Kth. (Anthericum planifolium, Vand.) which was detected
a year or two ago in Hampshire, has been found by Mr. Thaddeus
O'Mahony, growing in a perfectly wild situation on hills near
Derrynane Abbey, the seat of the O‘Connells. The hills where
this plant grows have probably never been turned up, and the
plant has certainly never been cultivated in a neighbouring garden.
A specimen, agreeing in all respects with a Portuguese one in the
University Herbarium, was sent to me in June last.

Tab. XIX. Fig. 1. Flower-bud; f. 2, petal; f. 3, anther ;
f. 4, bud from which the petals are removed ; f. 5, section of the
ovary :—all more or less magnified.

VOL. VII. - 3 Y

572

`- Decanes or Funct.

Decade XX. ; by the Rev. M. J. Berkezey, M.A., F.LS.
(With Two Plates. Tas. XX. and XXI. XXIL.)

Tasmanian Fungi.

191. Agaricus (Amahita) ananeceps ; n. s. ; pileo amplo convexo
glabro nitido, centro areolato ; areolis verruca conica obsessis ; mar- -
gine levi sed volva appendiculato ; stipite elongato marginato-
bulboso versus lamellas in stipitem porrectas incrassato; velo mox
obliterato. Gunn, No. 1777, 1805.

Has. Penguite; on the ground. March.

Pileus three and a half to four inches across, convex, quite
smooth and shining, areolate in the centre, each area producing
an angular conical wart; sometimes however, the divisions are
not distinctly marked, but there is simply a smooth space between
the warts; margin even, in half-grown individuals appendiculate.

Stem three inches or more high, half an inch thick in the
centre, strongly bulbous below, incrassated above, at first furfura-
ceous, but at length smooth. Veil soon vanishing.

Gills moderately broad, attenuated behind, and forming raised -
lines for a short distance on the stem.

Very nearly allied to A. nitidus, Fries, but differing in its
longer stem, and in well developed individuals in its distinctly
areolate surface, giving it the resemblance of a pine-apple, from
whence its name is derived, | |
. 199. A. (Pleurotus) phosphorus, n. s. ; pileis infundibuliformi-
bus glabris pallidis dense cæspitosis; stipitibus utplurimum
centralibus deorsum attenuatis subsericeis, supra e lamellis latius-
culis integris descendentibus lineatis. Gunn, No. 1361.

Has. On roots of trees. Oct., 1845, and abundant in the
succeeding January and February. i

Forming dense masses, or occasionally growing singly. Pilet
three to five inches across, infundibuliform pale, yellowish brown,
smooth or very rarely minutely cracked or virgate ; fleshy in the

DECADES OF FUNGI. 573

centre, thin at the margin, which is slightly lobed. Stem one to
two inches high, attenuated below, solid, slightly silky, lineated
above; or in solitary individuals, short and obtuse. Gills rather
broad above, attenuated and decurrent behind, and forming lines
on the stems; interstices even. Spores broadly ovate, white, or
when seen in a dense mass, tan-coloured.*

The solitary individuals present quite a distinct aspect, having a
short obtuse and less silky stem, and the gills, though much
attenuated at the base, ending abruptly. Occasionally a pileus of
a similar form occurs in the midst of a tuft. So phosphorescent,
that Mr. Gunn was able to read by its light, and it remained
luminous for six days or more after being gathered. It is cer-
tainly distinct from the two phosphorescent Australian species,
A. nidiformis, and A. lampas, described in my first Century.

A curious specimen, supposed to be of this species, or possibly
A. salignus, was found growing on Acacia dealbata, from the
cavity in which the caterpillar of a Cossus had been nursed, and
entirely filling up the shell of the Pupa with its mycelium, so as
at first sight to appear parasitic on the insect.

193. A. (Pleurotus) affizws, n. s.; latissime gregarius ; pileo
. demum latere affixo cyphellæformi plicato-striato ; stipite brevi

tenui reflexo ; lamellis adscendentibus arcuatis adnatis. Gunn,
No. 1788.

Has. On bark of a young tree of Æucalyptus amygdalina.
Penguite, Jan. 6, 1846.

Covering the bark in broad patches. :

Pileus one line and a half broad, reflexed and attached by the
side, cup-shaped, plicato-striate, smooth, membranaceous. Stems
short, smooth, recurved, adnate, with the gills rather distant and
thick, ascending, arched, attached to the apex of the stem only.
The matrix is here and there clothed with a thin, white, downy
mycelium. The colour of the species when fresh is probably white,
with a yellowish or rufous tinge on | e ca which, in the dry

> This perhaps arises from their being impregnated with the colouring matter of
the Pileus. See Tul. in Ann. des Se. Nat. 3 Ser. v. 5. p. 361.

3yr?

574 DECADES OF FUNGI.

plant, have a smooth shining hymenium. I do not see any gela-
. tinous stratum.

194. A. (Crepidotus) Aepatochrous, n. s.; gregarius; pileo
horizontali subcarnoso sinuato glabro hepatico ; stipite brevissimo
albo, primum basi disciformi affixo ; lamellis luteo-cinnamomeis
albo-marginatis. Gunn, No. 1787.

Has. On bark. May, 1845.

Gregarious, but scarcely crowded.

Pileus at first globose, with a short central stem, but soon ex-
tended on one side, and at length extremely eccentric, smooth,
rather undulated, one inch or more broad, slightly fleshy, not
gelatinous, of a deep liver-brown. Stem always extremely short,
white, attached by a round disc, the margin of which is byssoid.
Gills moderately distant, rather ventricose, rounded behind, of a
pale cinnamon, edged with white, not echinulate. Spores oval,
ferruginous.

Allied to A. mollis, from which, however, it differs in many
respects. Its spores are far smaller than in that species.

195. A. (Crepidotus) insidiosus, n. s.; pileo demum resupinato
adfixo membranaceo margine tomentoso, stipite tenui brevissimo ;
lamellis latiusculis postice attenuatis adnexis aquose luteo-umbrinis.

Has. Penguite, on bark. With No. 1787. May, 1845.

Gregarious.

Pileus three quarters of an inch to one inch broad, at length
quite resupinate and fixed to the matrix, membranaceous; edge
pubescent. Stem very short and slender. Gills watery yellow-
brown, attenuated behind ; adnexed. Spores yellow-brown, ovate.

Much resembling the last, with which it agrees in the colour
and size of the spores. The pileus, however, is resupinate and
membranaceous, the stem very slender; the gills not evidently
white-margined. The whole plant, when dry, is of a watery yellow-
brown.

196. Boletus /ruticicola, n. sp.; pileo amplo convexo glabrato
rubido ; stipite æquali glabriusculo levi e mycelio glebam fruti-

. colam formante oriente; tubis liberis compositis ore aurantio-
flavo. Gunn, No. 1775.

DECADES OF FUNGI. 575

Has. Penguite, attached to roots of Pleurandra riparia.

Solitary or slightly cæspitose.

Pileus fleshy, convex, at length occasionally cracked towards
the margin, smooth red, five inches across. Stem nearly smooth,
not reticulate, equal or slightly attenuated below, springing from
a mass of earth traversed by mycelium, and surrounding the roots
or base of the stems of Plewrandra riparia. Pores perfectly free,
leaving a deep pit round the stem, compound irregular pale orange-
yellow. Spores obovate, pointed below, of nearly the same size
and shape as in B. chrysenteron.

Allied to the above-mentioned species, but differing in several
particulars, and very remarkable from its peculiar habit, in which,
perhaps, B. su/fureus, Krombholz, alone agrees with it. In the
larger solitary specimens, the character of the free tubes is not so
strongly marked.

197. Polyporus pelliculosus, n. s.; versiformis, demum fibroso-
suberosus ; pileo badio-fusco strigoso ; margine albo; poris
inæqualibus parvis, dissepimentis tenuibus lacerato-denticulatis.

Has. On dead logs and roots of trees. Penguite. May, July.

Extremely variable in form and size, 1-6 inches across,
orbicular with the rudiments of a stem, dimidiate or spathulate.
Pileus, when dry, hard, composed of radiating fibres, some of
which go towards the pores, others to the surface, which is clothed
with rough, hispid, fasciculate hairs of a deep brown, with the
interstices paler, sometimes distinctly zoned; margin obtuse or
acute, white when fresh ; substance white towards the pores,
brownish towards the surface. Hymenium white; pores small 35
of an inch across, irregular, unequal; dissepiments thin; edge
toothed and lacerated.

This is evidently very closely allied to P. Weinmannii, Fr., but
the pileus has no rufous tinge, and it is very hard when dry. The
pores, as in that species, probably become brown when touched, -
as such an appearance is indicated in the specimens. The colour
is nearly that of dry specimens of P. resinosus. I have about
twenty specimens before me which exhibit great variety of form,
but agree in their principal characters.

576 DECADES OF FUNGI.

198. Geaster tenuipes, n. s.; peridio exteriore 2:5 multifido
réflexo; interiore longe pedicellato ovato subtus leviter plicato ;
ore prominente conico plicato suleato. Gunn. No. 1778.

Has. On the ground.

Outer peridium thin, reflected, split to the middle into about
eight lobes, marked with a circular pale disc, traces of which are
visible even after the inner coat has entirely vanished ; inner
peridium half an inch in diameter, obovate, slightly plicate at the
base, immarginate; peduncle two lines long, incrassated above,
slender in the middle; aperture conical, prominent, with a slight
depression round the base.

Nearly allied to the small form of Geaster striatus, but differ-
ing in its far longer peduncle, and slightly plicate base. The
folds proceed from a circular dise formed by the apex of the
stem.

199. Cyttaria Gunnii, Berk. ; receptaculo globoso-pyriformi
demum cavo; basi attenuatâ nec stipitiformi nec scabrà; cupulis
parvis. (Tas. XX. XXI.) Berk. in Hook. Antarct. Fl. vol. 2,
p.493. Gunn, no. 1375.

Has. On living branches of Fagus Cunninghamii. Oct.

Growing gregariously on knobs of greater or less size in pro-
portion to the branches on which they occur, at first pyriform,
simply attenuated below without any distinct stem or scabrous -
coat; at length more or less globose and hollow, 1-2 inches in
diameter more or less soft and flaccid when dry ; cups numerous,
with broad, irregular orifices. Asci rather short, cylindrical ;
sporidia, eight in each MODA, broadly elliptical. Hymenium soon
obliterated.

This species was characterized in the Antarctic Flora ; and I
have nothing to add to the analysis there given, except the
perfect sporidia. I am glad, however, of the opportunity of
figuring so interesting a species from a very complete series of
specimens.

Tas. XX. XXI. Fig. 1. Twig of Fagus Cunninghamii with
small knobs covered with Cyttaria Gunnii, nat. size.

2. Large knob with Cyttaria in various stages of growth,

DECADES OF FUNGI. 577

nat. size. 3. Vertical section, do. Fig. 4. Ascus with sporidia
highly magnified.

200. Sphæria (Cordyceps) Gunnii, n. s. Entomogena; carnosa,
capitulo cylindrico flavo sursum nigrescente ; stipite elongato albo.
Gunn, No. 1800. (Tas. XXII.)

On caterpillars of some Cossus or Hepialus, Franklin Village,
near Lancaster. April 29, 1846,

Growing from the neck of a caterpillar buried deeply in sandy
ground. Stem with caterpillar five to eighteen inches long, rarely
branched, flexuous, rugged below, cylindrical, white, solid, collect-
ing particles of sand by means of a few downy threads.

Head 2-3 inches long, 1— of an inch thick, perfectly cylindri-
cal or lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, sometimes compressed,
yellow below with the top of the stem, becoming black above.
Perithecia elongated, ostiola scarcely projecting beyond the sur-
face. Asci fusiform, flexuous ; inner membrane terminated by a
bipartite globe, which sometimes gives off a third membrane in
addition to the two which are always present. Sporidia short,
truncate, cylindrical, forming long threads at length detached.
The globe at the apex of the inner membrane is probably merely a
modification of the process, obtuse above, and then contracted, which
so often occurs in the same situation. Mr. Broome has observed
the tip of the second membrane of the ascus to be occasionally
quite distinct from the globular process, but pressed closely
against it, exactly as is the case sometimes with pollen tubes which
do not penetrate the embryo-sac.

This fine species is in reality nearer to S. ophioglossoides than
S. Robertsii, though agreeing with the latter so closely in habit.
The sporidia are like those of the former species, and by no means
of the latter. Were there any uniformity in the fructification, we
might adopt the genus Hypocrea; but as the sporidia vary so
extremely, being in S. citrina like those of 8. ophioglossoides,
while in S. rufa, they form a row of sixteen, it seems impossible to
separate it simply on account of a slight difference in consistence.

The following account of the species is copied from Mr. Gunn’s
notes.

578 DECADES OF FUNGI.

“Of this I send you numerous specimens preserved both in
spirit and brine, by which you will better judge their natural size
and appearance. It was found in great abundance in some sandy
land which had never been cultivated about three miles from Pen-
guite, by the boys attending Mr. W. H. Hawkes’ school.

The caterpillar burrows in the ground to various depths, from
four inches to a foot; and the fungus seemed to fill up the hole
made by the caterpillar, which in all cases was erect. The cater-
pillar and stipes varied from five to eighteen inches in length,
and were white, except about two or three (to four) inches, which
projected above the surface of the ground, and were shaded off

from the white colour below the ground to yellow at the surface, — -

and thence to a deep olivaceous black at the extremity.

I got one specimen of this Sphæria about 1832, when the
seasons were more rainy than they have been since until 1846,
but had not seen it since, until Mr. Hawkes very kindly brought .
me some specimens, and drew my attention to it.”

Mr. J. E. Gray informs me that the chrysalis sent as belonging
to the caterpillar is evidently that of Cossus or Hepialus or probably
of a new genus between the two of which Hepialus virescens (which
produces Spheria Forbesii) may be regarded as the type. “We
have,” says Mr. Gray, “a second species rather larger (better
agreeing with the size of the Chrysalis case) from New Zealand,
which differs from H. virescens in having reddish under-wings.”

Tas. XXII. Fig. 1. Sphæria Gunnii, nat. size, in different
states. 2. Ascus with its bipartite appendage. 3. Tip of ascus
with necklaces of sporidia. In this instance there are three ——
membranes. 4. Apex of case of sporidia separated from the /——
appendage, as sketched by Mr. Broome. 5. Sporidia from Fig. 3,
and a portion of a string of spores from a specimen in which the
asci themselves were quite absorbed. 6. String of spores when
young. All except the first very highly magnified.

DECADES OF FUNGI. 579

Fungi described in the second Century now completed.

Agaricus affizus, B.
» albuminosus, ib.
» ananeceps, ib.

*, aspratus, tb.

» continuus, ib.
» erassus, ib.
» crocophyllus, ib.
9 dasypeplus, ib.
» epispheria, ib.
» eurrhizus, ib.
» Jabaceus, ib.
2 hepatizon, ib.
à hepatochrous, ib.
2 holocroeinus, ib.
» insidiosus, ib.

» bachnophylius, ib.

» phæophyllus, ib.
» phosphorus, ib.
2 polychrous, ib.
» rufo-albus, ib.
» simulans, ib.
» testudo, ib.
» trachodes, ib.
o» versiformis, ib.
zeylanicus, ib.
pene zeylanica, ib
Boletus /ruticicola, i.
Corticium Drégeanum, ib.
Cyttaria Guanii, ib.
Dædalea, pallida, ib.
» pavonia, ib.
Diplodia Mori, ià
Geaster Zenuipes, ib.

Heliomyces Léveillianus, B.

" Caryote, ib.
Hexagonia similis, ib.

"e sulcata, ib.
Husseia insignis, ib.
Hydnum diffractum, ib.
Lactarius calceolus, ib.
Lentinus cespitosus, ib.

» cCartilagineus, ib.

» giganteus, io.

» . ànconspicuus, ib.
Lentinus maculatus, ib.

» obnubilus, rb.

» revelatus, ib.

» stenophyllus, ib.

subnudus, ib.
Lomsites Cratægi, ib.
Leotia elegans, ib.
Lysurus Gardneri, ib.
Marasmius clavæformis, ib.
» fulviceps, ib,
» hepaticus, ib
» pyrrhocephalus, ib.
s sarmentosus, ib.
5 sulciceps, ib.
Panus angustatus, ib.
y» dealbatus, ib.
TPaxillus flavidus, ib.

» porosus, ib.
Peziza fusispora, ib.
Polyporus anebus, ib.

» brunneo-leucus, ib.
» contractus, ib.

* This beautiful species has been found in South Carolina, by Rev. M. A, Curtis.
+ Ag. rhodoxanthus, Schwein.

580

LEGUMINOSÆ

Polyporus dilatatus, B.

»

32

IF

2

P

22

M

BES

3?

discipes, wb.
dryophilus, ib.

Endocrocinus, 25.

ferreus, ib.
fissus, ib.
galactinus, ib.
holosclerus, 1b.
hypococcinus, ib.
molliusculus, ib.

INDIGENOUS TO

Simblum gracile, B.
Sphæria argyrostigma, ib.

» enteroxantha, ib.

» Gardneri, ib.

„ Gunnii, i5.

» Magis, ib.*

zeylanica, wb.

Sobsrmdbs oxysporum, ib.
Stereum tenuissimum, tb.
Thelephora albo-marginata,

D pelliculosus, ib. Schwein.
» Thipidium, ib. » enticularis, ib.
» rulidus, ib.

» subhepatica, ib.
Trametes colliculosus, ib.

p» — devis, th.

» sepium, ib.
Xerotus griseus, à.

secernibilis, 4b.
Dia setiporus, B.
» strigatus, ib.
p vittatus, ib.
Psilopezia nummularia, ib.

Enumeration of LeGUMINOSz, indigenous to SOUTHERN ASIA,
and CENTRAL aud SOUTHERN Arrica ; Zy Georce BENTHAM,
Esq. ;

(Continued from vol. ii., p. 365.)

XXVII. — BucneNRGDERA, Zeb. et Zeyh.—Aspalathi sp.
KE. Mey. et Auct.

This genus was omitted in the conspectus of Genistez given
above, vol. ii. p. 458, for I then supposed, after E. Meyer and

others, that it was not to be distinguished from Aspalathus.
Since, however, I have examined in detail the numerous species

of the latter genus, it has appeared to me that its most natural

* This is the same species with Diplodia Zeæ, Lév.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 581

limits are best indicated by the remarkable foliage peculiar to it,
and it has become necessary to adopt Ecklon and Zeyher’s Buch-
enradera for several species with petiolate leaves referred by others
to Aspalathus. They have, moreover, some slight differences in
the form of the calyx which is fuller, with a tendency on the part
of the lateral teeth to approximate in pairs, as in Lotononis, and
the claws of the petals are longer. The ovary is sessile with eight
or ten ovules closely crowded together, the pod nearly that of the
shortest podded Aspalathi, having usually but one perfect seed.
Most of the species have stipules which do not exist in any
Aspalathus. The genus, like Aspalathus, is confined to South
Africa.

* Stipulis, saltem superioribus, foliaceis petiolo longioribus,
Jloribus spicato-capitatis albidis v. flavicantibus.

1. B. holosericea, adpresse sericea, foliolis cuneatis apiculatis,
florum capitulis densis, bracteis ovatis oblongisve calyce villosis-
simo longioribus, petalis omnibus villosis subæqualibus, legumine
villosissimo.— Aspalathus holosericea, E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 37.—
Habitus fere Avgyrolobii. Pubes sericea rufescens. Foliola 3—4
lin. longa; petiolus 1-2 lin. Stipule petiolo dimidio v. sub-
duplo longiores. Bracteæ 2 lin. longs, sepe 2 lin. late, acute,
dense rufo-sericeæ.

- Cafferland near Omgaziana and Morley, Drege !

2. B. Meyeri (Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 47) laxe sericea, foliolis
cuneatis brevissime acuminatis, florum capitulis densis, bracteis
anguste oblongis calyce villosissimo brevioribus, petalis omnibus
villosis, vexillo alis caririaque dimidio longiore, legumine villosis-
simo.— Aspalathus cuneata et retusa, È. Mey.! Comm. p. 37.—
Folia B. Zo/osericeæ v. sepius minora. Pubes laxior, albens v.
rufescens. Bracteæ acute, calyce multo breviores, v. rarius acumi-
nate eum fere æquantes. Calyx 2-21 lin. longus. Vexillum calyce
duplo longius.

Cafferland, between the Buffel and Key rivers, and near Komga,
Drege!

3. B. alpina (Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 195). Unknown to
me. It is referred by Walpers to the B. Meyeri, but the charac-

322

582 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

ter given does not quite agree with that species, and the station
is different,

To the north east of Cape Colony, on the Winterberg, near
the Kliplaat river, Zcklon and Zeyher.

4. B. multiflora (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 195), adpresse
sericea, foliolis cuneatis recurvo-mucronulatis, spicis oblongis
laxiusculis v. rarius capitatis, bracteis cuneatis oblongisve calyce
brevioribus, petalis villosis, vexillo alis carinaque longiore, legu-
mine villoso.—Aspalathus cuneata B. hamulosa, E. Mey.! Comm.
p. 97.— 4A. polyantha, Walp. Linnea, 13, p. 485.—Buchenre-
dera gracilis, Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 195, ex char.—Con-
sidered by E. Meyer to be a variety of B. Meyeri, but the
appressed pubescence, and smaller flowers, either few in number,
or arranged in a loose spike instead of a compact head, seem to
indicate a distinct species. Should, however, this and the two
preceding plants turn out to be mere varieties of one species, it
should retain the name of B. multiflora.

Eastern provinces, chiefly Uitenhage and Albany. Zuure-
bergen, Gekau and Assagaybosch, Drège ! Zuurebergen, near
Graham’s Town, and on the Fish river, Ecklon and Zeyher !
Vanstaadensbergen, Zeyher n. 2335! also n. 3864 of Burchell !

* * Stipulis superioribus petiolo sublongioribus, floribus umbel-
lato-capitatis cerulescentibus.

5. B. tenuifolia (Eckl. et Zeyh! Enum. p. 196) adpresse
sericea, foliolis anguste cuneatis linearibusve, bracteis subconfor-
mibus, floribus subumbellato-capitatis, petalis villosis, vexillo alas
carinamque paullo excedente.—Aspalathus pulchella, E. Mey.!
Comm. p. 38 (forma foliolis bracteisque brevioribus latioribus).—
Foliola in forma normali 3-4 lin. longa, in planta Dregeana fere
B. multiflore. Stipule inferiores parve. Capitula pedunculata
4-6-flora, bracteis totidem quasi verticillatis suffulta. ^ Flores
magnitudine B. multiflora.

Mountsins to the north east of Cape Colony; mear Silo
on the Kliplaat river, Heklon and Zeyher ; on the Katberg and
Stromberg, Drège ! ;

6. B. trichodes (Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 47), piloso-hirta, subse- —

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 583

ricea, foliolis lineari-cuneatis acuminatis, bracteis lanceolatis caly-
cem æquantibus, floribus umbellato-capitatis, petalis villosis, vexillo
alas carinamque paullo excedente.—Aspalathus trichodes, E. Mey. !
Comm. p. 38.—Caulis diffusus, ramulis brevibus erectis. Pili
longi, laxi, patentes. Foliola circa 3 lin. longa. Umbellæ 4-8-
flore. Calyces 3 lin. longi, supra ad basin gibbi. Vexillum
calyce dimidio longius.

Summit of the Katberg, Drege !

*** Stipulis inconspicuis.

7. B. viminea (Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 47), sericeo-pilosa, caulibus
simplicibus virgatis, foliolis oblongo-cuneatis mucronatis, bracteis
subconformibus, floribus terminalibus spicatis v. lateralibus glome-
ratis.— Aspalathus viminea, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 38.—Caulese -
basi perenni 1-2-pedales. Petioli brevissimi. Foliola 4-6 lin.
longa. Flores magnitudine B. multiflora.

Cafferland, between the rivers Omsamcaba and Omsamwubo,
Drège. !

The B. teretifolia of Eckl. and Zeyh., is a true Aspalathus, both
in foliage and flowers, and the same as A. armata.

XXIX. Aspararaus, Linn.— Sarcophyllum, Thunb.—Sarco-
calyx, Walp.—Acropodium, Desv.—Pachyraphea, Plagiostigma,
Streptosema, Psilolepus, Paraspalathus, Trineuria et Heterolathus,
Presl. :

This extensive genus, entirely confined to Southern Africa, and
almost to the Cape Colony, is very natural, and one of the most
readily recognised among Geniste@, especially if circumscribed as
here proposed, that is, excluding the petiolate species separated by
Ecklon and Zeyher, under the name of Buchenredera, and recalling
the Sarcophyllum of Thunberg, again established by Vogel, under
the name of Sarcocalyx. The generic character, indeed, is not
easy to. define with precision, without taking into account the
peculiar foliage, the entire absence of all petiole, notwithstanding
an apparently compound leaf; yet in most cases the form of the
pod and of the flower are more or less different from those of all
other Genistee, as will appear from the following review of the
principal modifications observable in the several species.

584 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

The calyx has its five teeth or divisions sometimes nearly equal
and regular, more frequently the two upper are rather shorter and
broader, and the lower one longer than the two lateral ones, and -
these are never combined with the lower one into an under lip, as
in Cytisus, Genista, Argyrolobium, &c., nor yet arranged with the
upper ones into lateral pairs, as in Lotononis, some Crotalaria,
&c., the lowest is in a few species much enlarged, and foliaceous.
The petals vary in proportion, the standard usually supported on
a short or very short claw is bent back immediately above that
claw, keeled on the back, and never laterally reflexed ; callosities
or tufts of hair are often found on the inside near the claw, but
are very different in different species, and in many are wholly
wanting. The wings are narrow, on longer claws than the
standard, with the transverse folds less apparent than in other
Genisteæ, they are either free or (in the Synpetale) cohere by their
claws to the keel and staminal tube, or to the keel only (in some
Leptanthe) just above the claw, without, however, the intervention
of any appendage either inside the wing, as in Ononis, or outside
the keel, as in Indigofera. The keel is rarely straight, often much
arched or lengthened into a semicircular beak ; its two petals,
borne on still longer claws than the wings, are connected along
the back nearly from the claws to the apex. The staminal tube is
always open on the upper edge. The ovary sessile or rarely
stalked, laterally compressed, the outer or carinal edge nearly
straight, the axile or upper edge convex or angular near the base,
the upper end more or less tapering. The ovules are generally
two, four, six, or eight, and these numbers tolerably constant in
each species, or if an odd one is added it is accidental, and the
odd ovule often small and imperfect. In one species only (A. vul-
nerans) have I seensthree ovules in all the flowers I have examined,
and in two species (A. filicaulis and macrocarpa), they are very
numerous (from twenty to thirty). The insertion of the ovules
is variable, sometimes they are opposite, or nearly so, in pairs,
sometimes alternate and equidistant,* crowded together near the

* That is to say, according to the phraseology of some wiiters; biseriate, or uni-
seriate, although in fact in all Leguminosae, where there are more ovules than one,

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 585

base, or in the middle of the cavity, or disposed along the greater
part of its length. The style is filiform and curved, always smooth,
and in many species more or less thickened and cartilaginous a
little above the ovary. The stigmatic gland either terminal and
subcapitate, as in most Genzstee, or more or less oblique or decur-
rent along the upper or outer edge of the style.

The pod is (in almost all species) peculiar to the genus. More
or less laterally compressed, the lower suture is either straight or
curved, or convex above the middle, and the upper suture is always
convex or angled elow the middle, so that when the upper end is
straight and tapering, the form of the pod is semi-lanceolate or
semi-ovate, where the extremity turns upwards and the pod is
shortened it becomes more or less rhomboidal. The obliquity is
constant, even in the Macrocarpæ, where the pod is almost linear
like that of Zebeckia, and in the Leptanthæ, where it is short and
ovate almost like that of Amphithalea. In the Pachycarpe and
Laterales, it is very thick, in A. pachyloba, almost fleshy ; its
general consistence is coriaceous, the surface is smooth or hairy ; in
some Pachycarpe it is woody.

The leaves of Aspalathi, sometimes heathlike, cylindrical, or
three angled, sometimes flat or concave and coriaceous, with one
or three longitudinal nerves, are always entire on the margin and
sessile without the intervention of any articulated support, and in
this they are analogous to those of the simple leaved Crotalaria
and Lupines, which have been considered as phyllodineous. But
in Aspalathus they are generally arranged three together,* on a
slight callosity of the stem, thus resembling the folioles of the —
compound-leaved: Genistea, the callosity representing an abortive
petiole. In the axilla there are frequently a number of additional
similar leaves, proceeding from an abortive branch, and forming
with the external ones, the characteristic fascicle of the genus. In

they are biseriate, but the two placentæ being apparently combined, the ovules always
appear uniseriate, unless they are near enough together to overlap each other.

* It is often said that they are three or five together, or fascicled, but whenever
there are more than three in the fascicle, I have always found the additional ones
inside, and only three or one outside.

586 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

a few species the outer leaf of the fascicle is single, or even soli-
tary, without the developement of any axillary fascicle, or accom-
panied by smaller and somewhat dissimilar lateral leaves, giving the
appearance of a simple leaf with foliaceous stipules. In others,
again, the leaves of the fascicle are so numerous and crowded, that
it is difficult to make out any arrangement, and no accidental de-
viation or monstrosity has been observed to settle which of the
above explanations is the true one. For where the supporting
callosity is developed in the form of a thorn (as in A. aculeata,
where it is as long as the leaves), it does not assist in the inquiry,
as in that case the central outer-leaf is inside the thorn at its base,
and the two lateral ones on each side. In the floral leaves the
three are often united into one broad, several-nerved bract, but
that might be the case on the supposition of the three being a.
leaf and two stipules, or three folioles, for itis far more frequently
the case in Zeguminose, that the bracts are formed by stipules,
than by the main leaves. Although, therefore, the probabilities
are that the callosity is the abortive petiole, and the one or three
leaves are, in fact, folioles, yet as there is nothing to prove that
it is so, I have preferred the designating them as leaves in my
diagnoses, to making use of the somewhat more complicated
phraseology consequent on calling them folioles, as is done by
some modern writers.

The inflorescence is that of the tribe of Genistea, a terminal
raceme; but in Aspalathus it is often contracted into a head, or
reduced to a single flower, and from the peculiar abortion of the
lateral flowermg branches in some species, the flowers or racemes
appear to be, and have been described as, axillary. And this would
be correct if the reduced flowering branch bore no leaves, and the
inflorescence proceeded immediately from the axil of the one or
three leaves, but I have, on the contrary, always seen it spring
from the centre of a fascicle. To avoid the repetition of an ex-
planatory circumlocution, I have always called the flower lateral
where it proceeds from the centre of a fascicle, without any deve-
lopement of the axis, and terminal, where the callosity bearing the
leaves and flower is more or less elongated into a real branch.

Ld

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 587

In the raceme each pedicel generally proceeds from the axilla of
à bract, and bears, close to the calyx, two opposite bracteolæ.
Both bract and bracteolæ are sometimes very different from
the stem-leaves, either resembling single leaves, or evidently
formed by the combination of three, or even consisting of three
distinct leaves or folioles. These differences are usually constant
in each species, but in some, as in A. migra, the bracts are re-
markably variable. ‘

. From these observations it will be perceived that I do not pro-
pose the adoption of the nine genera into which Presl, in his
Botanische Bemerkungen, has distributed such Aspalathi as he was
acquainted with. At first sight he appeared to me to have made
use of some of the very numerous characters afforded by the
genus, to form groups, not unnatural, which I hoped to have
availed myself of, at least as sections. But upon a detailed exam-
ination of species, I found that they so frequently had not the
characters assigned to them, and that most of these characters,
although constant in species, were so uncertain in natural groups,
that I not only could not adopt Presl’s genera, but was obliged
to give up all idea of establishing positive sections. The species
will, therefore, be found here distributed into groups as natural as
I could make them, established upon characters not always,
perhaps, as definite as could be wished, but which it is hoped
a little familiarity with the genus will enable the botanist to
appreciate, and at any rate will be less liable to lead him astray

. than positive characters which do not exist.

As, however, the author of the Botanische Bone B
understood to have devoted much attention to the Leguminose,
and as he has relied much upon characters for the importance of
Which he quotes amongst others my own authority, it may be
necessary to refer more in detail to some of them, as well as to
the several genera he founds upon them.

A character upon which he lays much stress is the nervation of
the calyx, which, as he observes, has been used for generic dis-
tinction in Crucifere, Labiate, Piperacee, &c., and he adds “ quod
in his ordinibus ad distinguenda genera valet, etiam in Legumi-

VOL. VII. 4A

588 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO `

nosis valere potest et debet." But that is not at all a necessary
consequence. It is now generally admitted that a very constant
and important character in one order may be most variable, and
therefore useless, in another. And in the present instance, the
supposed differences in the number of nerves of the calycine teeth
or divisions are fallacious. The calyx of Leguminose, as well as of
Labiate, appears to be formed in general of five three-nerved
leaves, and by the combination of the lateral nerves of adjoining
leaves, or by their apparent evanescence, the total number of fif-
teen nerves of the whole calyx is often reduced to ten, or to five,
or to some intermediate number (as for instance thirteen in most
Labiatæe-Satureineæ). Wherever these differences are owing to the
complete combination or separation of the lateral nerves from the
base of the tube, and when the whole of the nerves are of nearly
equal thickness (as in the thirteen-nerved Satwreinee and the
fifteen-nerved Nepetee), they have been found to be tolerably
constant, indicative of modifications in the general symmetry of
other parts of the flower, and accompaned by differences in habit
and therefore important. But where the mid-rib of each leaf is
prominent, and the lateral ones faint, the modifications of the
latter are not only more vague and inconstant, but apparently of
little or no consequence. Thus in Aspalathus the lateral nerves
of each calycine leaf are almost always combined with those of the
adjoming ones at the base of the tube (distinct only in a very
few species, where they are faint and irregular) into one, which is
usually forked near the top of the tube, and these forks run along .
the margin of the teeth. They are very prominent when the
teeth are broad and foliaceous ; scarcely perceptible to the naked
eye, where the calyx is thick or fleshy; and confounded with the
central nerve into one mass, where the teeth are slender; or concealed
from the casual observer where the calyx is downy; but with
care they may be traced in almost all Aspalathi, at least at the
base of the teeth, and are very distinetly visible in many of the
so-called dacinie uninerves. The prominence of these lateral
nerves is, indeed, in some cases a good specific character, and even —

is in some groups more frequent than in others, but cannot be —

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 589

made use of as a generic or sectional distinction without separating
closely allied species, and rendering the place of many others
doubtful.

Another character to which Presl assigns great importance, the -
form of the pod, would appear at first sight to be an excellent
one, for amongst the several modifications already alluded to, it
may be difficult to conceive that those of A. macrocarpa, A. pachy-
loba, A. spinosa, and A. nigra, for instance, could all belong to
one genus. But, although the fruits of many species are as
yet unknown, those which have been observed are sufficient to
show so gradual a transition from one of these extremes to another,
and so little correspondence in most cases with general habit,
that we are forced to give up the idea of dividing the genus
according to this character, although certain forms are generally
indicative of particular groups, and assist in the arrangement of
the species.

The great mass of species are distributed by Presl into two
genera, Aspalathus and Paraspalathus, distinguished from the
rest by the absence of those peculiar characters on which the
Smaller genera are founded, and from each other chiefly by the
pod which, in Aspalathus, is said to be “ stipitatum cultriforme
compressum 1-2-3-spermum calyce multoties longius sutura
dorsali tenui acutaque;" in. Paraspalathus “ calyce brevius aut
æquilongum sessile ellipticum utrinque acutum compressum mo-
nospermum." In this division he had in view probably the pod
of A. spinosa, suffruticosa, &c., in the first instance, and that of
A. nigra, and others of my Leptantha, in the second, and in each —
case these respective types run through a considerable number of
species, but scarcely belong to two-thirds of those to which they
are attributed, and if the descriptions above quoted be interpreted
strictly, they would apply to but very few indeed. The “ stylus
rectus,” also much relied upon in the character of Paraspalathus,
appears to me to be purely imaginary, as I have seen it invariably
very much curved in all Aspadathi. I cannot either confirm the
Supposed distinction in the number of ovules, said to be three in
Aspalathus, two in Paraspalathus. T find it to be in both cases

2142? :

590 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

two in the majority of species, four, six, or eight in others, and in
A. filicaulis (referred to Paraspalathus) above twenty.

Pachyraphea contains but two species distinguished by the
short, thick pod, which, however, passes gradually into the longer
one of others of my Pachycarpe. The other characters given
are either imaginary, or common to species referred to other
genera.

Cyphocalyz is established for the A. arida (one of my Carnosa),
in which the two upper secondary nerves of the calyx are united
in a thickish, somewhat fleshy, dorsal rib. But this is more or
less the case in most of my Carnose, without ceasing decidedly
with any particular species. Moreover, if the group were really
to be considered as a distinct genus, there are already two older
names published for it :—Sarcophyllum of Thunberg, and Sarco-
calyx of Vogel.

Plagiostigma, consisting of the single A. pinea, is so near to
the two species referred to Pachyraphea, that the differences can-
not be considered as of more than specific importance.

Streptosema, with only two or rather three species, is charac-
terized by the form of the keel and pods, which are, however,’
common to others not included ; by the very oblique stigmatic sur-
face which exists in one only of two species, so much alike in
every other respect, as to be usually considered as mere varieties,
and by a supposed resupination of the flower which I cannot see
in these or any other Aspalathi.

Psilolepus contains two or three of my Pedunculares, which
have certainly a peculiar habit, but unfortunately no common
characters of any importance. The peculiar extra-axillary inflo-
rescence relied upon, is owing to an irregular developement of the
flowering branches, and not constant even upon the same indi-
vidual, the long stipes of the pod exists only in one of the species,
and if considered sufficient to establish a genus, Desvaux’s name
of Acropodium should be adopted, and the other characters are
common to several other groups.

In Trineuria, Presl has nearly hit upon a very distinct group
which alone might claim to be of generic importance, were the

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 591

habit more different. It would, however, require the exclusion of
A. marginalis, linarifolia, and nigra, E. Mey., and the addition
of A. araneosa, with considerable alteration in the character
assigned. The group would then correspond to my Synpetala,
remarkable for the adherence of the claws of the wings and keel
to the staminal tube, a character which appears to have escaped
Dr. Presl. On the other hand, he relies upon the three-nerved
divisions of the calyx, which has already been shown to be a falla-
cious distinction, and in one species, A. marginalis, he has mis-
taken the reflexed margins of these divisions for lateral nerves.

He describes also the wings as equal to or longer than the keel,

whereas in the whole group they are constantly shorter. The
habit of these Synpetale is, however, so exactly that of many other
Aspalathi, Xhat«I have not considered them as entitled to rank any
higher as a group than any of the others.

Lastly, Heterolathus has a positive and appreciable character,
the irregular enlargement of the lower division of the calyx. But
the species are otherwise so closely allied, in every respect, to the
Cephalanthe, that they can scarcely be considered in any other
light than as forming an artificial subdivision of that group.

I now proceed to state, shortly, the principal characters of the
groups into which it is now proposed to distribute the numerous
species, forewarning, however, that for brevity’s sake it is neces-
sary here to state them in a form, rather too absolute, neglecting
minor anomalies in groups founded on a variety of characters.
Further details will be found at the head of each group. :

I. CaPHALANTHUe. Folia terna v. vix fasciculata, plana, cori-
acea, glabra v. villosa nec sericea. Flores terminales, sessiles v.
breviter pedicellati. Legumen vulgo oblique ovatum calyce
brevius, rarius lanceolatum exsertum erectum.

$1. Calycis lacinia inferior maxima ; flores capitati, sp. 1—
4. $2. Calycis lacinie subequales ; flores capitati v. 2-3-ni.
Sp. 5-19: $ 85 Calycis lacinie subaquales 5 > inflorescentia laxior,
sp. 20-22.

IL Sericex. Folia inferiora v. omnia fasciculata v. rarius
terna, plana, sericea v. molliter villosa. Flores sessiles v. breviter

592 LEGUMINOS& INDIGENOUS TO

pedicellati. Legumen oblique ovatum calyce brevius, v. acumi-
natum paullo longius.

§ 1. Callo sub foliis vix conspicuo, floribus terminalibus in capi-
tulo v. spica vulgo numerosis, sp. 23-32. § 2. Callo sub foliis
prominente sepe aculeato, floribus terminalibus in capitulo paucis
v. lateralibus solitariis, sp. 33-38. daa.

IL. SvxrrETALE. Folia fasciculata, teretia trigona v. carinata.
Flores subsessiles. Ungues carinæ alarumque ea breviorum tubo
stamineo adnati. Legumen oblique ovatum calyce brevius v.
paullo longius.

$ 1. Floribus capitatis, sp. 39-44. § 2. Floribus terminalibus
lateralibusve solitariis v. geminis, sp. 45—49.

IV. LzerawTHE. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona. Flores
subsessiles. Ungues ‘carinæ alarumque a tubo stamineo liberi.
Legumen oblique ovatum calyce brevius v. paullo longius.

$ 1. Floribus capitatis v. spicatis, sp. 50-54. $ 2. Floribus
lateralibus v. interrupte spicatis, sp. 55-62.

V. LarERALES. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona. Flores
subsessiles laterales. Legumen ex ovario: 2-3, ovulato villosum
exsertum oblique ovatum v. lanceolatum vulgo turgidum, matu-
ritate horizontaliter patens v. reflexum.

$ l. Foliis juniperinis rigidis. patentibus mucronato-pungenti-
bus raro muticis semipollicem raro excedentibus, sp. 63-617.
§ 2. Foliis vie pungentibus semipollice longioribus, sp. 68-72.
§ 3. Foliis non pungentibus raro 4 lin. excedentibus, sp. 13-82.
$ 4. Foliis densis tenuibus vulgo setaceis incurvis, sp. 89-81.
§ 5. Foliorum fasciculis aculeo longo subtensis, sp. 88-89.

VI. Macrocarpæ. Folia fasciculata (v. terna plana?). Legu-
men ex ovario multiovulato lineari-lanceolatum, sp. 90-92.

VIL Granprrtor#. Folia fasciculata, teretia v.: trigona.
Flores laterales v. subterminales solitarii v. gemini. Legumen
ex ovario pluriovulato crassum lato-lanceolatum, sp. 93-98.

VIIL Pacnycarræ. Folia fasciculata tereti trigona v. lineari-
carinata. Flores terminales subcapitati magni. Legumen ex
ovario pluriovulato crassum oblique lato-lanceolatum v. ovato-
rhombeum villosum, sp. 99-101.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 593

IX. Carnosa. Folia fasciculata (rarius terna), teretia v. tri-
gona vulgo carnosa. Flores (mediocres v. majusculi) sessiles v.
breviter pedicellati. Calyx subcarnosus, Petala sæpius glabra.
Legumen glabrum oblique: lanceolatum: v. acutum sepius
exsertum.

$ 1. Floribus spicatis v. capitatis, foliis submuticis, sp. 102-
108. §2. Floribus capitatis solitariisve, foliis mucronato-pun-
gentibus, sp. 109-115. $ 3. Floribus solitariis plerumque late-
ralibus, foliis muticis, sp. 116-118.

X. Pineves. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona. Flores
(parvi) laterales solitarii sessiles v. breviter pedicellati. Petala
glabra v. rarius sericea. Legumen glabrum v. sericeum vix
turgidum exsertum oblique lanceolatum.

$ 1 Znermes ovulis 4-6, sp. 119-125. $ 2. Tnermes ovulis 2,
sp. 126-133. § 3. Spinescentes, sp. 134—136.

XI. Terminates. Folia fasciculata teretia v. trigona (rarius
solitaria v. terna) non carnosa. Flores (parvi v. mediocres) ad
apices ramulorum solitarii gemini v. racemulosi. Petala sericea v.
glabra. Calyx turbinatus v. rarius latiuscule campanulatus.
Legumen oblique lanceolatum glabrum v. sericeum vix tur-
gidum.

$ 1. Foliis fasciculatis glaberrimis, floribus ad apices ramulorum
brevium v. vie evolutorum solitariis subgeminisve, sp. 137-138.
$ 2. Foliis fasciculatis glabris sericeisve, floribus intra folia
summa sessilibus solitariis geminisve, sp. 139-144. § 3. Foluis
Sasciculatis glabris puberulisve, floribus ad apices ramulorum pedi-
cellatis 2-3-nis v. breviter racemulosis, ramulis sepe spinescentibus,
sp. 145-153. § 4. Foliis fasciculatis ternisve incano-sericeis,
Jloribus in racemo v. spica terminali subsessilibus, sp. 154-155.
§ 5. Foliis solitariis v. subfasciculatis glabriusculis, racemis irre-
gulariter pauci-floris, sp. 156-157. i

XII. PrzpuwcuLAREs. Folia terna v. fasciculata, lineari-sub-
ulata v, plana. Flores ad Ain pedunculi elongati e
solitarii v. pauci.

$ l. Foliis ternis v. subfusciouatis, dedonmiis terminalibus
ramealibus vel rarius lateralibus, ovario pluriovulato, sp. 158-163.

: 594 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

§ 2. Foliis fasciculatis, pedunculis e fasciculo foliorum ortis,
ovario biovulato. sp. 164-165.

Serres I. CerHaraNTEUE. Folia terna v. ad axillas vix fascicu-
lata, plana v. concaviuscula, lateralia sepe incurva v. undulata
v. faleato-recurva, ommia coriacea, glabra pubescentia v. villosa
nec sericea. Flores majusculi v. mediocres, sessiles v. breviter
pedicellati, ad apices ramulorum gemini v. sepius plures, capitulo
vulgo folis summis involucrato. * Vexillum in omnibus, carina
in plerisque pubescentia v. villosa. Ovula 2-6. Legumen (ubi
notum) oblique ovatum v. ovato-lanceolatum, calyce brevius v.:
rarius exsertum et suberectum, pubescens v. villosum.

$ 1 Calycis lacinia inferior major cymbaformis. Flores capi-
tati.—Heterolathus, Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 131.

1. A. undulata (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 199) foliis oblongis
utrinque acutis undulatis subcomplicatis glabris ciliatisve, florali-
bus orbieulatis acutis flores superantibus, calycis pilosi laciniis
superioribus lineari-lanceolatis infimaque majore cymbæformi tubo
2-3-plo longioribus, vexillo pubescente carina glabra longiore,
ovario 4-ovulato glabro, legumine oblique lanceolato obtuso.—
A. involucrata, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 38.—Ononis fasciculata.—
Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 589.— Frutex rigidus, ramosissimus. Folia
crebra, terna, 4-5 lin. longa, retieulato-pennivenia ; floralia vulgo
solitaria, multinervia, latiora quam longa (ex tribus in unum coalitis
composita, rarius terna, angusta, a basi soluta) margine ciliata,
flavicantia. Calyx 4 lin. longus. Bracteole lineares, calycem.
subæquantes. Flores lutescentes.

Hills near Winterhoek, in Worcester district, Ecklon and
Zeyher! Drege!

2. A. suaveolens (Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 199) pilis longis
hirsuta, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutissimis basi angustatis venosis,
floralibus obovatis acutis flores æquantibus, calycis pilosuli laciniis
. 4 anguste lanceolatis acutis tubo triplo longioribus infima cymbæ-
formi majore, vexillo pubescente calycem æquante carinam gla-
bram paullo superante, ovario villosulo 5—6-ovulato.— Fruticulus
debilis. Folia 4-6 lin. longa, reticulato-pennivenia ; floralia
viridia v. purpurascentia, pilis longis hispida. Capitula et flores
quam in A. undulata minores.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 595

Hills near Winterhoek, in Worcester district, Heklon and
Zeyher !

8. A. venosa (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 39) ramulis villosis, foliis
obovato-lanceolatis mucronato-pungentibus rigidis villosis v.
_ demum glabratis, floralibus calyce brevioribus, calycis hirsuti
laciniis 4 lanceolatis tubo æquilongis infima majore cymbæformi,
vexillo sericeo-villoso carinam villosam calycemque superante, alis
carina paullo brevioribus, ovario biovulato.—Frutex rigidus,
divaricato-ramosus, paucifoliatus. Folia 4 lin. longa, coriacea,
nitida, venis obscuris; lateralia recurvo-falcata; floralia caulinis
vulgo multo breviora et tenuiora. Calyces 34 lin. longi, dense
villosi. Bracteole oblonge.

On the Giftberg (Cederbergen), among rocks, Drége !

4. A. polycephala (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 39), hirsuta, foliis
ovatis obovatis oblongisve acutis recurvo-mucronatis, floralibus
calyce subbrevioribus, calycis hirsuti laciniis 4 lanceolatis acutis
tubo subtriplo longioribus, infima obovato-cymbæformi, vexillo
villoso calycem æquante carinam villosam superante, alis minimis,
ovario hirsuto biovulato.—Fruticulus divaricato-ramosus. Folia
recurvo-patentia, sæpe fasciculata, 1-3 lin. longa, venosa, hirsutie
sæpe canescentia. Calyx (lacinia inferiore inclusa) 5 lin. longa.
Corolla lutea.

On the Cederberggn, in rocky situations, Drège !

$ 2. Calycis lacimie subæquales. Flores capitati, rarius
gemini. |

5. A. orbiculata, sp. n., ramulis tomentosis, foliis orbiculato-
spathulatis crassis concavis glabris, floribus capitatis, calycis villosi
laciniis lanceolatis acutis tubo subæquilongis, petalis pubescenti-
bus, vexillo orbiculato carinami vix superante, ovario pubescente
8-ovulato.—Frutex rigidus. Folia 3-4 lin. longa et sæpe longi-
tudine sua latiora, basi 1—3-nervia et in petiolum brevissimum
contracta, nitida. Calyces 2-21 lin. longi, hirsutie parca pube
brevi intermixta sepe rufescente. Vexillum calyce subduplo
longius, ungue longiusculo. Flores flavi videntur.

From Scholls collection without the precise locality :— the
foliage of this species is much like that of the broader leaved

4B

596 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

forms of A. securifolia, but the flowers are larger and more hairy,
the vexillum and calycine segments broader, and the ovules in all
the flowers I have examined, eight in number, instead of four or
five.

- 6. A. securifolia (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 190), ramulis tomen-
tosis, foliis obovatis orbiculatis suboblongisve crassis concavis late-
ralibus obliquis utrinque acutis glabris ciliatisve, floribus capitalis,
calycis glabri v. villosuli laciniis lanceolato-subulatis acutis tubum
vix æquantibus, petalis puberulis, vexillo late ovato carinam bre-
viter superante, ovario 4— (rarius. 5—) ovulato villoso, legumine
oblique ovato.—8. spathulata, foliis latioribus, calycibus majori-
bus villosulis.—A. spathulata, Eckl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 198.—Folia
4—6 lin. longa, in forma normal 2-3 lin. lata, in var. 8. sæpe
4 lin. lata, basi in petiolum brevem angustata. Vexilli stipes
brevissisimus.

Rocky hills on the Zondereinde river, Swellendam district,
Ecklon and Zeyher! The var. 8. on the Babylonstoorens hill,
Ecklon and Zeyher. ! Mundt.

T. A. conferta, sp. n., ramis tomentosis, foliis cuneato- v. sub-
spathulato-oblongis obtusis v. mucronato-acutis demum glabris
nitidulis, floribus capitatis, bracteis setaceis, calycis vix villosuli
laciniis lanceolato-subulatis acutis tubo longioribus, petalis pube-
rulis, vexillo lato-ovato carinam breviter superante, ovario 4-ovu-
lato villoso, legumine oblique ovato acuminato.—Forte A. recurvi-
folie varietas, sed differt imprimis foliis multo angustioribus minus
coriaceis plerisque semipollicaribus vix 2 lin. latis. Calycis laciniæ
multo longiores.

On the Zwarteberg, near Caledon, amongst stones, Mundt. !
also in Bowies collection, and Burchell’s Cat. Geogr.
n. 6956 !

A. truncata, of Ecklon and Zeyh.! Enum. p. 197, from near
Tulbagh, n. 425! of Zeyher’s separate collection from Riet Kuil,
in Swellendam, and n. 1220 ! of Drége’s collection from Nieuwe-
kloof, are all Aspalathi deformed by the prick of some insect.
Drage: (Linnza v. 19) refers them to the two varieties of A. secu-
rifolia, to me they appear, at least the two latter, to belong rather

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 597

to the A. conferta, but the form of the leaves is so altered by the
disease, that it is impossible, from my specimens, to determine the
point with certainty. —— .

8. A. myrtillefolia, sp. n., ramulis vix villosulis, foliis brevibus
obovatis mucronatis subplanis immarginatis glabris, floribus paucis
subcapitatis, calycis glabri laciniis lanceolatis acutissimis tubo
lato longioribus, petalis puberulis, ovario glabro biovulato.—Fru-
tieulus ramosissimus, habitu A. exiguæ subsimilis. Folia conferta
2 v. rarius 3 lin. longa, 14 lin. lata, tenuiter coriacea, 1—3-nervia.
Flores magnitudine eorum A. recurvifolie, ad apices ramorum
per 3-6 breviter pedicellati. Calycis lacinia inferior 2 lin. longa,
superiores paullo minores, tubus 1 lin. longus.

Cape Colony, Bowie !

9. A. exigua (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 198) folis confertis obo- -
vatis v. obovato-oblongis acutis vix mucronulatis coriaceis margina-
tis glabris supra concaviusculis, lateralibus obliquis, floribus paucis
subcapitatis, calycis adpresse puberuli laciniis subulatis tubo sub-
æquilongis, petalis sericeis, ovario villoso biovulato.—Fruticulus
humilis, ramis incano-tomentosiusculis. Folia 2-3 lin. rarius
4 lin. longa, 1-2 rarius 3 lin. lata, 1—3-nervia. Flores 3-6, fere
sessiles, lis A. secwrifoliæ minores.

Hills on the Zondereinde river, Swellendam district, Heklon
and Zeyher; on the Babylonstoorens hill, Zeyher, n. 2346 Le;

10. A. inops (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 197), from the same loca-
lities as A. exigua, is unknown to me, but, from the character
given, it can scarccly differ from that species.

11. A. capitella (Burch! Cat. Geogr. n. 7148), ramulis tenui-
bus puberulis, foliis cuneato-oblongis acutis rigidis hirtellis, flori-
bus subgeminis sessilibus, bracteis minimis, calycis hirsuti laciniis
subulatis tubo subæquilongis, petalis sericeis, ovario puberulo
biovulato, legumine oblique ovato.—A. stellari affinis sed multo
gracilior et minor. Folia ternata, rarius gemina, secus ramulos
distantia, 2 v. rarius 3 lin. longa. Flores in specimine omnes
gemini. Calycis tubus lineam longus.

Cape Colony, Burchell ! | ;

B. glabrescens, ^ ramis tortuosis, foliis plerisque fasciculatis.

482

598 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

Forte species distincta. An A. inops, Eckl. et Zeyh.? sed flores
ut in A. capitella gemini v. solitarii, nec unquam 3-5-nos vidi. -

Subalpine scrub near Kochmanskloof, Swellendam district,
Mundt.

12. A. stenophylla (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 197), foliis lineari-
bus mucronatis utrinque acutis incurvis carinato-concavis demum
glabratis rigidis, floribus capitatis, calycis villosi laciniis subulatis
tubo sublongioribus, petalis extus sericeo-pubescentibus, ovario
villoso biovulato.—A. canaliculata, E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 44.—
Fruticulus vix pedalis, caule brevissimo e basi ramoso, cinerascente,
glabro.. Folia coriacea, 4-6 lin. longa, 3-1 lin. lata. Flores
flavicantes.

Hills on the Zondereinde river, Swellendam district, Heklon
and Zeyher ; Gnadenthal, in the same district, Drege! Perhaps
a mere narrow-leaved form of A. stellaris.

18. A. angustissima (E. Mey. Comm. p. 44), from the Draa-
kenstein hills, is unknown to me, but is placed next to, and is
probably near the last.

14. A. stellaris (Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 197), ramulis pube-
rulis villosisve, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis lateralibus incurvis mu-
cronatis vix pungentibus rigidis glabris v. laxe villosulis, floribus
capitatis, bracteis subulatis, calycis hirsutissimi laciniis subulatis
tubo æquilongis, petalis villosis, ovario villoso biovulato.— Folia
3—4, rarius 5 lin. longa, costa dorso prominente, venis inconspi-
cuis. Capitula pilis longis hirsuta.

Hills of the Kannaland, near the Gauritz river in Swel-
lendam district, Ecklon and Zeyher ! also in Bowies collection.
In the Banksian herbarium this is marked by J. St. Hilaire as the
A. cytisoides, Lam. The species which, in common with most
others, I have described below as Lamarck's plant, has indeed |
much the habit of this one, but the inflorescence is much looser,
and the lateral leaves curved downwards, not inwards.

15. A. psoraleoides, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis spathulato-
lanceolatis mucronatis puberulis subtus convexis, lateralibus in-
curvis, floribus capitatis, bracteis obovato-rotundatis tridentatis,
calycis pubescentis laciniis obovato-subrotundis obtusis tubo duplo

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 599

longioribus, corolla extus sericea, ovario biovulato villoso.—Paras-
palathus psoraleoides, Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 134.

Cape Colony, Ecklon and Zeyher, Sieber! Possibly a deformed
state of A. stellaris, analogous to those mentioned under
A. conferta.

16. A. fusca (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 574), appears to be allied
to some of the preceding species, but is very imperfectly de-
scribed.

17. A. Kraussiana (Meissn! Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 69). This
species, well described in the second volume of this jourmal, is
closely allied to A. anthylloides, from which it differs in the more
coriaceous and less hairy leaves; the upper ones distinctly three-
nerved. In these respects it approaches A. stellaris, but the leaves
and flowers are larger, and the general appearance much nearer
that of A. anthylloides.

Besides Krauss's specimens from the Klein river, in Swellendam
district, I have seen it in the collections of Bowie! Thom ! and
Nelson !

18. A. anthylloides (Linn. Spec. p. 1002), ramulis villosis,
folis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis lateralibus obliquis hirsutis v.
demum glabratis, floribus dense capitatis, bracteis lanceolato-
subulatis, calycis villosi laciniis lanceolato-subulatis tubo longiori-
bus, petalis sericeo-villosis, ovario villoso biovulato, legumine
oblique ovato calyce breviore.—Folia pleraque semipollicaria,
2 lin. lata, vulgo pilis longis laxis villosa, costa parum prominente,
venis inconspicuis, rectiora planiora et minus coriacea quam in
plerisque affinibus. Capitula majuscula, foliis floralibus toca
involucrata.

Probably common near Capeton and towards Caledon, as it
occurs in many collections without precise stations. It is
Burchell’s n. 585 |—Berger’s A. anthylloides (Pl. Cap. p. 211) is
evidently a very different species, probably A. procumbens.

19. A. Zinearifolia (DC. Prod. 2. p. 142), ramulis molliter
villosis, foliis linearibus sublanceolatisye utrinque acutis, floribus
capitatis, calycis molliter villosi laciniis lanceolatis tubo plus duplo
longioribus, vexillo pubescente carinam arcuatam apice pubes-

600 LEGUMINOSAE INDIGENOUS TO |

centem vix superante, ovario villoso 4-ovulato.—A. dimifolia,
E. Mey. Linnea 7, p. 162.—Folia sæpe pollicaria, vix linea
latiora. Capitula densa.

On the Berg river, Nieuwekloof, Dutoits Kloof, Tulbaghs
Kloof, in Stellenbosch and Worcester districts, Drege ! Ecklon
and Zeyher, and in various other collections. E. Meyer (Comm.
p. 40) adopts Burman’s spelling of the specific name dinarifolia,
which appears incorrect. It should be either as De Candolle bas
spelt it linearifolia, linear-leaved, or Zinariafolia, with leaves of

§ 3. Calycis lacinia subequales. Inflorescentia laxior.

20. A. Plukenetiana (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 200), ramulis
canescenti-puberulis, foliis linearibus sublanceolatisve lateralibus
incurvis acutis glabris v. canescenti-puberulis, floribus breviter
subracemosis, calycis canescentis laciniis lanceolatis tubo subæqui-
longis, petalis sericeis, ovario pubescente 4—5-ovulato, legumine
sericeo oblique ovato-lanceolato turgido calyce subtriplo longiore.
—Folia plerumque semipollicaria, 1-14 lin. lata, lateralia parum
obliqua. Calyces 2 lin. longi. Bracteæ minutæ. Species hinc
ad A. dinearifoliam accedit, hinc ad A. ca/losam, quam vero ob
flores glabros ad Carnosas amandavi,

Tulbagh valley, Worcester district, Ecklon and Zeyher ! it
is also n. 430 of Zeyher’s separate sets, and occurs in Thoms
collection.

21. A. rugosa (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 574) is unknown to me.
E. Meyer suspects it to be his A. venosa, but the description does
not agree, and seems to indicate an affinity to A. P/ukenetiana.

22. A. cytisoides (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 392°) ramulis villosis,
folis oblongo-lanceolatis lateralibus recurvo-falcatis mucronato-
pungentibus rigidis appresse villosis glabratisve, floribus subrace-
moso-capitatis, pes villosi laciniis lanceolatis tubo sublongi
oribus, petalis villosis, ovario villoso 4-ovulato, legumine ae
oblongo calycem superante.—A. cinerea, Thunb. FL Cap. p. 575.—
Folia 2—4 lin. longa, costa venisque nonnullis prominulis, lateralia
recurva nec ut in A. sée//ari et affinibus incurva, nunc glabra

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 601

letevirentia, nunc villis brevibus canescentia. Calyces 3 lin.
longi.

B. decumbens, laxa, foliis majoribus, inflorescentia laxiore.

Tulbagh valley, Ecklon and Zeyher ! Dutoitskloof, Drege !
and in several other collections. The var. 8. is from Bowie!
From a memorandum of J. de St. Hilaire’s, in the Banksian
herbarium, Lamarck’s name would rather apply to A. stellaris ;
but his description suits better the present species, not unlikely
to be confounded with A. stellaris, but quite distinct both in
foliage and inflorescence.

Series IJ. SxmicExm. Folia plana, spins brevia, superiora
terna, rarius solitaria, inferiora sepius v. rarius omnia gemmarum
evolutione fasciculata, sericea v. molliter villosa. Flores: sessiles
v. subsessiles, capitati, spicati v. solitarii, mediocres v. majusculi.
Petala in omnibus villosa, longiuscule unguieulata. Legumen
(ubi notum) oblique ovatum, acutum et calyce brevius v. rarius
acuminatum calyce paullo longius, ex ovario villoso villosum v.
sericeum.

$ 1. Callis sub foliis viz conspicuis nec aculeatis, floribus in
capitulo v. spica terminali numerosis v. (im A. villosa) paucis.—
Polyanthæ.

The species of this group, chiefly natives of the Ceder-
bergen, are particularly difficult to distinguish, and run much
into one another.

* Ovario biovulato.

23. A. villosa (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 574), folis ternis sub-
fasciculatisve parvis oblongis acutiusculis muticis sericeis, capi-
tulis paucifloris, bracteis oblongo-linearibus, calycis sericei laciniis
oblongis linearibusve tubo subæquilongis, legumine e basi obliqua
ovato longe rostrato.— Caules lignosi sed tenues et debiles,
ramulis filiformibus. Folia internodiis sæpius breviora, vix 2 lin.
longa, corollæ 32 lin.

Cederbergen, near Honigvalley, Drège ! Bockland, Thun-
berg.

— 24. A. sericea (Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 212) foliis dense fasciculatis
brevibus anguste oblongis subeuneatisve obtusis v. vix acutis

602 ' LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

argenteo-sericeis, capitulis densis ovatis, calycis molliter villost
dentibus tubo multo brevioribus, petalis villosissimis subæqui-
longis, legumine ovato longe rostrato villoso.—Rami validi, rigidi,
dense foliati. Folia 1-3 lin. longa, densius sericea’ quam in
affinibus, tomento nunquam evanido. Capitula pollicem diametro.
Flores 5-6 lin. longi, villosissimi.

Cederbergen, from various collections, near Ezelsbank and
Giftberg, Drege! "There is little doubt that this is Bergius’s
plant to which E. Meyer has referred it. In Linnæus’s herbarium,
it is one of the five species named A. argentea, and may be the
A. argentea of Thunberg, though certainly not the one described
under that name by Linnæus. The A. sericea of Linneus’s
herbarium appears to be a Lebeckia, that of Ecklon and Zeyher is
referred by Walpers to A. jacobea. Our plant is often confounded
with A. emula, which often resembles it in foliage and habit, but
has the flowers usually solitary or at most three together instead
of being very numerously collected into compact heads.

25. A. lotoides (Thunb. ? Fl. Cap. p. 575) foliis ternis fascicu-
latisve: parvis oblongis lanceolatisve acutis sericeo-puberulis
glabratisve, capitulis densis ovato-globosis, bracteis inferioribus
stipitatis ovato-lanceolatis summis subulatis, calycis villosi denti-
bus lanceolato-subulatis tubo æquilongis, vexillo alisque carina
dimidio longioribus. Rami erecti, elongati, rigidi, sed tenuiores
quam in A. virgata et A. sericea. Folia 1-2 v. rarius 3 lin.
longa, minora incano-sericea, majora sepe glabrata. Capitula
multiflora usque ad pollicem diametro. Flores 5—6 lin. longi.

Has. Cederbergen, near Ezelsbank, Drege! also in .Bowie's
collection with rather narrower bracts. I have followed E. Meyer
in considering this as Thunberg’s A. Zofoides, although his
description is not decisive; and the two specimens so named in-
Linnæus’s herbarium are very different, the one being A. jacobea,
the other A. cephalotes. Our plant is very near A. virgata, with
flowers as large as in A. sericea.

26. A. leucocephala (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 41) foliis subternis
fasciculatisve parvis oblongis acutiusculis. subsericeo-villosis, capi-
tulis densis globosis, bracteis stipitatis orbiculatis obovatis

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 603

oblongisque, calycis villosi dentibus subulatis plumosis tubo
æquilongis et corollam æquantibus, vexillo carinam vix superante,

On the Giftberg (Cederbergen), Drège ! Scarcely differing
from some forms of A. virgata but in the smaller corolla.

27. A. virgata (Thunb. F1. Cap. p. 576) foliis ternis fascicu-
latisve parvis oblongis linearibusve acutis sericeis, capitulis
oblongis densis, bracteis orbiculatis v. ovatis, calycis villosi
laciniis tubo æquilongis, petalis calyce longioribus carina vix
ceteris breviore, legumine ovato-turgido acuminato.—A. elongata,
Eckl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 202.—A. Scholliana, Presl. ? Bot. Bem.
| p. 135.—Rami numerosi, rigidi, virgati, Folia pleraque 1-2 lin.
longa lateralibus intermedio minoribus, v. in ramulis vegetioribus
3lin. longa et interdum solitaria. Capitula pleraque pollicem
longa, semipollicem crassa, floribus dense imbricatis molliter
villosis. Calycis dentes subplumosi, corolla paullo breviores.

In sandy stony situations in Tulbagh valley, Ecklon and
Zeyher ! near Jackall's river, and Piquetberg, Drège! also n. 424
of Zeyher! n. 6323 of Burchell! and in Wallich’s and other
collections. Ecklon's synonym is referred by Walpers to A. ad-
scendens, but his description agrees with my specimen, which is
certainly the present species.

B.? globosa, capitulis exacte globosis v. etiam depressis.—A.
' quinquefolia, Thunb. ? Fl. Cap. p. 575 non Linn. fil.

This form, which is intermediate between A. leucocephala and
A. virgata, is mixed with specimens of the latter in various col-
lections, and induces me to think all may be mere varieties of one
Species. P

28. A. jacobæa (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 41) foliis ternis fascicu-
latisque anguste oblongis lanceolatisve acutis subsericeo-pilosis,
spicis oblongis densis, bracteis lanceolatis substipitatis, calycis
pilosissimi laciniis lanceolato-subulatis corolla brevioribus, vexillo
alisque carina triente longioribus.—A. sericea, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum.
P. 202, teste Walp.-—Caules decumbentes v. ascendentes (nec
erecti ut a cl. Meyero descripti?) raro pede longiores, ramulis
floriferis brevibus. Pubes laxa, pilis longinsculis vix sericis.
Folia pleraque 2 lin. longa. Spice 1-2 pollicares, laxiores quam

4c

604 LEGUMINOS INDIGENOUS TO.

in A. virgata, mollissime pilose, floribus (teste E. Meyero)
badiis.

Cape Flats and neighbouring hills, from various collectors.
This plant is named A. Jotoides in Linn:eus's herbarium, but can-
not well be Thunberg’s species of that name. ^ Bergius's Ps
mens, distributed by the Berlin Museum under the nam of
A. jacobea, belong to A. procumbens, a species often resembling it
in habit, but readily distinguished by the looser inflorescence, and
by the number of ovules.

29. A. adscendens (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 41) foliis fasciculatis
ternisve oblongis obtusiusculis subsericeo-pubentibus, spicisdemum
elongatis dissitifloris, bracteis orbiculatis v. ovatis acutis, calycis
villosi dentibus lanceolatis tubo brevioribus, vexillo carinam triente
superante.—A. virgata, Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 203 non Thunb.
—A. stricta, Steud. Flora, 1830, p. 543 (si verbum “ floribus.
. racemosis" pro “floribus dissitis" accipiendum).— Caules elon-
gati, adscendentes. Folia raro 2 lineas excedunt. Spice nunc
pollicares floribus approximatis etsi distinctis, nunc pluripollicares
floribus remotis, semper minus pilose quam in A. jacobæa, caeterum
bracteis latis calyce brevioribus et dentibus calycinis hæc species
facile ab illa distinguenda. ;

Cape district near Paarl, Drege! near Piquetberg, Æcklon
and Zeyher; also n. 434 of Zeyher’s separate collection.

* * Ovario 4—8-ovulato.

30. A. procumbens (E. Mey.; Linnea, 7. p. 162) foliis ternis
subfasciculatisve linearibus lanceolatisve acutis pilosis sericeisve,
spicis laxiusculis v. demum elongatis dissitifloris, bracteis lanceo-
latis, calycis dentibus lanceolato-subulatis tubo subbrevioribus, .
vexillo carina triente longiore, ovario substipitato 6—8-ovulato.—
A. quinquefolia, Linn. Spec. p. 1002 ex icone cit. Pluk. t. 278. f. 4.
vix Thunb.—A. anthylloides, Berg. Fl. Cap. p. 211. ex descr.
et speciminibus Bergianis a Mus. Reg. Berol. comm. sub nom.
A. jacobea.—A. heterophylla, Linn. fil. | Suppl. p. 321. an
Thunb. ?— Caules procumbentes, ramulis floriferis brevibus ad-
scendentibus. Folia pleraque 3—4 lin. longa. Spicæ nunc breves -

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 605

floribus approximatis at distinctis nec ut in A. jacobea imbricatis,
nunc 3-5-pollicares floribus dissitis v. remotis. Calyces 2 lin.,
flores 4 lin. longi, rubri? i

Cape district, apparently common, as it occurs in most col-
lections. I have for the present preserved E. Meyer’s modern
name in preference to either of the Linnæan ones until Thunberg’s
synonymy has been cleared up. I have little doubt it is the
plant designated by Linnæus under the name of A. quinquefolia,
although there is no specimen so named in his herbarium ; but
it does not agree with Thunberg’s description, and the name
itself is a bad one, as the leaves are either ternate or fasciculate,
and not quinate. Tt is also certainly A. heterophylla of the
younger Linnæus, but as he took up that name from Thunberg,
and it is doubtful whether the latter botanist applies it to this: or
to the one designated below, I have thought it better not to
transfer it till the doubt shall be cleared up.

31. A. stachyera (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 202) is said by
Walpers only to differ from the A. procumbens by the divisions
of the calyx almost surpassing the corolla. It is from the same
locality, and unknown to me.

32. A. heterophylla (Thunb.? Fl. Cap. p. 575. E. Mey.!
Comm. p. 40), foliis solitariis subternis fasciculatisque linearibus
. lanceolatisve acutis subsericeo-pilosis, spicis laxiusculis oblongis -
elongatisve, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, calycis molliter pilosi
laciniis tubo subæquilongis, petalis subæquilongis, ovario 4—5-
ovulato.—Ononis spicata, Thunb. ? Fl. Cap. p. 584.—A. linifolia,
Steud. ? Flora, 1830, p. 543.—Rami elongati virgati. Folia
nunc 2 lin. longa, terna, subæqualia ; nunc valde inæqualia medio
_ lateralibus duplo longiore, nunc in ramulis floriferis solitaria, 4-6
lin. longa. Spica mollissima 1-3-pollicaris, ramulo demum, sæpe
excurrente. Calyx 3 lin. longus, corolla 6 lin.

Cape Flats, Drège! Wallich! Zeyher, n. 435! ahd many
other collections. Although difficult to distinguish from
A. procumbens by positive characters, this is a much handsomer
and larger species, usually more silky and with larger flowers. 1
have followed E. Meyer in considering itas the A. heterophylla of

402

606 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

Thunberg, although, as the A. procumbens is certainly the one so
designated by Linnæus the son, it may have also been the one
meant by Thunberg ; and his description of Ononis spicata (which
I noted on seeing his specimen to be an Aspalathus) agrees better
with this species than with any other. In which case perhaps.
Steudel’s name might be adopted for this one, although it only
refers to an unusual form with more elongated leaves, and is
liable to be confounded with the A. Jinearifolia, called by
E. Meyer (Linnea, v. 7) linifolia. In Linneus’s herbarium this
is one of the species representing A. argentea, and from a MS.
note of St. Hilaire’s it is the one so called by Lamarck.

§ 2. Calli sub foliis prominentes, sepius in aculeam brevem
integram v. trifidam abeunte, rarius in tota planta mutici. Flores
sessiles, solitarii v. in capitulo pauci.—Argenter.

* Ovario 4—8-ovulato, callo rarius mutico.

33. A. tridentata (Linn. Spec. p. 1002, non aliorum) folis —
ternis fasciculatisve brevibus lanceolatis oblongis sublinearibusve
` acutis sericeis glabratisve, callo sub foliis sæpe aculeato, capitulis
depresso-globosis, foliis involucrantibus bracteisve lato-lanceolatis
acutis calyces subæquantibus, calycis villosissimi laciniis lanceo-
latis acutissimis tubo subæquilongis, carina alis multo breviore,
ovario sub-6-ovulato.—A. argentea, var., E. Mey.! Comm. p. 43.
A. pilosa, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 202 (fide Drege Linnea v. 20).—
Frutex ramosissimus, ramulis rigidis sed sæpius tenuibus. Aculei
callorum nunc trifidi semilineares v. usque ad lineam longi,
nunc breves simplices v. fere evanidi. Folia nunc canescentia
1-2 lin. longa, nunc imprimis ramulorum viridia 2-3 lin.
imo 5-6 lin. longa. Capitula pluriflora, pilis longis molliter
villosa.

Cederbergen, on the Giftberg, Drègel Tulbaghskloof, and
Vogelvalley, Zeyher, n. 423! (at least some of his specimens)
also in Harvey's, Paterson’s, and other collections. The name of
A. tridentata is usually given to the A. ferruginea, but Linnæus’s
phrase distinctly refers to the inflorescence as capitate. There is
no specimen in his herbarium.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 607

34. A. argentea (Linn. Spec. p. 1002? non herb.) foliis ternis
fasciculatisve parvis obovatis oblongisve sericeis glabratisve, callo
sub foliis aculeato, capitulis depresso-globosis paucifloris, foliis
involucrantibus obovato-orbiculatis calyce multo brevioribus,
. calycis villosissimi laciniis lanceolatis tubo brevioribus, carina alis
paullo breviore, ovario 5—8-ovulato.—4A. argentea a. E. Mey. !
Comm. p. 43.—4A. stawrantha, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 202.—
Frutex divaricato-ramosissimus, ramulis tenuibus rigidis sub-
recurvis. Species precedenti (cum qua junxit E. Meyer) affinis,
sed distincta videtur foliis magis sericeis et raro elongatis, capitulis
minoribus sepe 2—3-floris, villis florum magis sericeis et bracteis
multo brevioribus fere orbiculatis.

Sandy hills of Cape district, Drège! Sands of the mouth
of the Boschmanns river, Zeyher! n. 422, also Burchell’s n. 7455 !
and in several other collections. Many species of this series
have received by various authors the name of argentea ; but
E. Meyer is probably correct in considering this as the true one,
although it is not in Linneus’s herbarium, where the name of
argentea is given to the A. sericea, A. virgata, A. heterophylla
and A. æmula, and although Linneus’s expressions “floribus
sparsis" in his diagnosis, and * capitula hirsuta" in the descrip-
tion are somewhat contradictory.

B. mutica; calo sub folis mutico, capitulis laxioribus nume-
rosis fastigiato-paniculatis. Ramuli breves rigidi.

Hills of Cape district. Mundt !

35. A. ferruginea (Herb. Banks ! MS.), ramulis rigidis
Subspinescentibus, foliis fasciculatis ternisve oblongo- v. cuneato-
linearibus acutiusculis sericeo-pubescentibus, callis aculeatis,
floribus 1-3-nis, calycis villosi subinflati dentibus triangularibus
tubo multo brevioribus, ovario 4-5-ovulato, legumine oblique
ovato-lanceolato.—A. tridentata, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 201; ;
E. Mey. Comm. p. 43 et Auct. plur. vix Linn.—Frutex humilis,
rigide ramosissimus, tomento sericeo fulvens v. canescens. Folia
maxima 5-6 lin. longa, sed pleraque multo minora. Flores intra
fasciculos superiores sessiles, solitarii v. per 2-3 glomerati,
. sed nunquam revera in capitula terminalia dispositi. Calyx

608 LEGUMINOS INDIGENOUS TO

latissimus, fere 4 lin. longus, dense fulvo-sericeus. Corolla
calyce duplo longior, petalis intus rubro-violaceis, extus dense
fulvo-villosis. ;

Maritime sands of Cape district, Harvey! Zeyher, n. 421!
and other collections.

36. A. purpurea (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 201), ramis rigidis,
foliis fasciculatis subternisve subcuneato-linearibus obtusiusculis
dense sericeis, callo brevissime aculeato v. mutico, floribus late-
ralibus, calycis villosi subinflati dentibus acuminatis tubo vix
brevioribus, ovario 4-5-ovulato, legumine oblique ovato-lanceo-
lato.—A. purpurascens, E. Mey! Comm. p. 44.—A. ferruginee
valde affinis, sed folia (sub-semipollicaria) tomento sericeo canes-
cente v. fulvo dense obtecta, et lacimiæ calycinee multo longiores
et angustiores. :

Sandy hills towards the sea, in Clanwilliam district, near
Zwartebeestkraal, Drége! near Bergvallei, Æcklon and Zeyher.

37. A. dasyantha (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 201 ?), ramis virgatis,
foliis ternis fasciculatisve obovatis v. cuneato-oblongis brevibus
piloso-hirtis v. demum glabratis, callo aculeato, floribus subsoli-
tariis lateralibus, calycis hirsutissimi subinflati laciniis lanceolatis
tubo brevioribus, ovario 4—5-ovulato, legumine oblique ovato
acuto.—A. ferruginee affinis, sed habitus potius A. emule. Rami
elongati per totam longitudinem sepe floridi. Folia pleraque
2 lin. longa, viridia et laxe pilosa vix sericea. Flores fulvo-hirsu-
tissimi, iis A. ferruginez minores.

Maritime sands, Plettenbergs bay, George district, Mundt,
according to Hcklon and Zeyher. Ihave not seen Mundt’s speci-
mens, but describe the species from specimens of Ziom’s and of
Bowies.

'#* Ovario biovulato, callo mutico.

38. A. emula (E. Mey. Comm. p. 42), ramis elongatis virgatis,
foliis fasciculatis subternisve oblongis muticis argenteo-sericeis,
callo tomentoso mutico, floribus sessilibus lateralibus 1-3-nis,
calycis villosissimi laciniis lanceolatis tubo vix brevioribus, ovario
biovulato, legumine lanceolato acuminato villosissimo.—A. ar-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 609

gentea, Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 203 non aliorum.— Rami elongati,
nunc simplices, nunc ramulis brevibus rigidis instructi. Folia
vulgo dense fasciculata, 1-2 lin. longa, pube sericea alba nitentia.
Flores 6 lin. longi, pilis albidis longis mollissimis dense vestiti.
Species interdum A. sericeæ approximatur, sed flores constanter
intra fasciculos solitarii v. 2-3-ni, nec ad apices ramorum evolu-
torum dense capitati.

Caledon and Swellendam districts, Heklon and Zeyher !
Mundt! Zeyher, n. 2342! and others ; Hex river, Drege ; Uiten-
hage on the Boschemann’s river, Zeyher, n. 2343! and (if it be
the same species) Honigvallei, in the Cederbergen, Drège.

Series III. Synrgrazæ. Folia fasciculata, teretia trigona v.
carinata nec plano-dilatata. Flores subsessiles, nunc in capitula
terminalia conferti, nune intra fasciculos foliorum laterales soli-
tari. Ungues carinæ alarumque ea breviorum tubo stamineo
adnati, Legumen oblique ovatum, calyce brevius v. paullo
longius. Calycis laciniæ sæpe (nec tamen in omnibus) foliaceo-
dilatatæ, nervos tres distincte ostendunt. Vexillum in omnibus
extus pubescens v. villosum. Carina intus glabra. Alæ glabræ,
carina vulgo multo breviores. Ovarium biovulatum, glabrum v.
villosum.

This is a very distinct and well characterized group, but being
the only one in the genus that has any positive characters, would
divide the whole far too unnaturally were it adopted as a distinct
section.

$ 1. Flores capitati.

39. A. aculeata (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 584), foliis dense fascicu-
latis aculea iis subæquali suffultis lineari-carinatis pilosis, summis
floralibusque apice hamato-mucronatis, floribus capitatis, calycis
villosi laciniis apice hamatis tubo subæquilongis, vexillo villoso,
carina glabra.— Frutex ramosissimus, insignis in eo quod callus
sub foliorum fasciculo in aculeam excrescit 2-3 lin. longam.
Folia inferiora sæpe obtusa et glabrata circa 2 lin. longa, supe-
riora v. interdum fere omnia 2-3 lin. longa, apice hamato-recurva
€t cum ramulis pilis longiusculis patentibus hirta, rarius (uti in

610 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

specimine in herb. Banksiano servato) fere omnia recta, et mutica.
Capitula densa, foliis floralibus calycisque laciniis foliaceis imbri-
catis hamatis squarrosa. Flores 5—6 lin. longi.

Paarlberg, Daal Josaphat, Zwartland, Paardeberg, Cape
and Stellenbosch districts, Drege! Zeyher, n. 417! and
others.

40. A. chenopoda (Linn! Spec. p. 1000), foliis fasciculatis
subternisve subulato-trigonis rigidis mucronato-pungentibus, flo-
ralibus plumoso-hirtis, floribus capitatis, calycis laciniis subulatis

` rigidis pungentibus tubo multo longioribus, vexillo villoso, carina
glabra, ovario glabro, legumine oblique ovato-falcato acuminato.—
Bot. Mag. t. 2225 (nec t. 2233 huc falso interdum citata) Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 316.—Folia nunc omnia recta acicularia, exteriora
semipollicaria v. longiora, nune 3—4 lin. longa, et interdum
pleraque presertim floralia recurva sed non hamata. Capitula
- densa, vulgo multiflora, pilis longis fulvis sepius hirsutissima, etsi
folia inferiora haud raro glabrescunt. Ale minus abbreviate
quam in affinibus.

Table mountain and tinis hills, Drege! Mundt!
Harvey Y and others.

41. A. araneosa (Linn! Spec. p. 1001) pilis longis hirsuta,
foliis fasciculatis filiformibus flexuosis mucronulatis, floribus capi-
tatis, calycis laciniis e basi lanceolata subulatis plumoso-hirtis tubo
multo longioribus, vexillo villoso, carina glabra, ovario villoso,
legumine oblique ovato-subrhombeo falcato-acuminato.— Bot.
Mag. t. 829 (forma depauperata)—A. Simsiana, Eckl. Zeyh!
Enum. p. 216 (non species homonyma, p. 200).—A. pilosa, Sieb !
Fl. Cap. n. 48.—Folia vulgo dense fasciculata tenuia 4-6 lin.
longa, undique pilis longiusculis e tuberculo sepe ortis hispida,
floralia flores zequantia v. corolla paullo breviora. Variat tamen
foliis vix fasciculatis, v. glabrioribus, v. brevibus, v. rigidulis et
longioribus (8. rigidior, E. Mey! Comm, p. 50) nunquam tamen
pungentibus. Flores semper paullo minores quam in A. cheno-
poda et A. ciliari, vulgo 5-53 lin. longi, interdum vix 4 lin.,
corolla calyce breviore.

Hills of Cape and Stellenbosch districts, in most collec-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 611

tions. In Linnæus’s herbarium, the name of araneosa is also given
to specimens of A. ciliaris, and of A. spicata.

42. A. ciliaris (Linn! Mant. p. 262), foliis dense fasciculatis
subulatis v. lineari-trigonis, floribus terminalibus capitatis v. hinc
inde solitariis, calycis hispidi laciniis anguste lineari-lanceolatis
costatis subtrinervibus tubo multo longioribus, vexillo villoso,
carina glabra v. villosa, ovario hirsutissimo.—A. appendiculata,
E. Mey! Linnea 7. p. 157.—A. dubia, E. Mey. l. c.—A. Meyer-
tana, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 218. A. papillosa, Eckl. Zeyh. !
Enum. p. 217.—Species quam maxime variabilis, ab A. araneosa
distinguenda imprimis laciniis calyciniis latioribus subtrinervibus,
floribus vulgo majoribus et vexillo crassiore villosiore, a sequenti-
bus floribus supremis v. sæpissime omnibus capitatis. Folia nunc
fere A. araneosæ tenuia, vulgo tamen validiora et densiora, infe-
riore sæpe glabrescunt et interdum fere omnia, et sepius superiora
v. interdum omnia pilis longis sæpe e tuberculo ortis hispida sunt,
variant longitudine nunc vix 3 lin. nunc 5-6 lin., subulata v.
lineari-carinata, incurva v. rarius recta. Flores interdum usque
ad 7-8 lin. longi et fere semper iis A. araneosæ majores. Vexil-
lum semper dense villosum, longiuscule mucronatum v. muticum.
Carina in forma normali dense villosa, in varietatibus nonnullis
glaberrima, in aliis parce villosa v. pilis raris conspersa.

Mountains of Cape, Stellenbosch and Caledon districts,
where it is probably very common, as it is sent in almost every
collection, although varying so much that it cannot always at first
sight be recognised, but on examination its characters appear
constant. It occurs in Linnæus’s herbarium, both under the
name of ciliaris and of araneosa, and the name of ciliaris is also
there given to a specimen of A. comosa.

43. A. oresigena (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 216), from Uitenhage,
and :

44. A. aulonogena (Echl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 216), from Tulbagh
valley, are both unknown to me, but from the description given
appear to be allied to A. ciliaris.

VOL. VII. 4 D

612 LEGUMINOSJE INDIGENOUS TO

§ 2. Flores laterales v. ad apices ramulorum solitarii v. gemini.

45. A. comosa (Thunb? Fl. Cap. p. 577), ramis hirsutis, foliis
fasciculatis lineari-carinatis subulatisve mucronulatis hispidis, flo-
ribus ad apices ramulorum brevissimorum solitariis sessilibus,
calycis turbinati hispidi laciniis lanceolatis trinervibus tubo duplo
longioribus vexillo villoso multo brevioribus, carina glabra, legu-
mine oblique ovato acuminato.—A. macrosepalus, Steud.? Flora
1830, p. 546 (ad hanc v. ad A. elongatam pertinens).—Frutex
ramosior et rami magis divaricati quam in A. ciliari. Folia ple-
raque 3—4 lin. longa et fere semper hirsuta, ultima sub flore con-
ferta. Ramuli floriferi laterales et breves sed fere omnes plus
minus evoluti. Calycis lacini 3 lin. longi, a vexillo lineis l-l;
superati. utem

Cape and Stellenbosch districts; Paarlberg and Dutoits-
kloof, Drége! also Zeyher! n. 427 (in Hookers herbarium).
Scholl! Cayley! I have followed E. Meyer in referring this to
A. comosa of Thunberg, although his character leaves it doubtful
whether he meant this or the following species, as is also the
case with A. macrosepalus of Steudel. In Linnæus’s herbarium
the present species is included under A. ciliaris, from which it
differs in calyx and inflorescence. A

46. A. elongata (E. Mey. Comm. p. 63), foliis lineari-trigonis
fasciculatis mucronatis glabris villosulisve, floribus intra fasciculos
laterales haud evolutos sessilibus solitariis calycis, laciniis acutis tri-
nervibus tubo villoso subduplo longioribus vexillo villoso paullo
brevioribus, carina glabra, ovario villoso.—A. Dregeana, Walp.
Linnea, 13. p. 586.— Folia crassiuscula, 2-4 lin. longa, glabra
v. pilis mollibus subadpressis villosa.

a. virgata, ramis elongatis virgatis, floribus (circa 5 lin. longis)
in spicam foliosam secus ramos dispositis, ramo sepe excres-
cente apice sterili.

B. ramosissima, caule ramosiore, ramulis brevibus, floribus
(circa 4 lin. longis) paucis lateralibus.

Cape Colony, probably Cape or Stellenbosch districts, Dréye!
Caley! Pappe! Harvey! (both varieties), and Zeyher! n. 433,
the first variety. These two forms look so different that it is diffi-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA, 613

cult to consider them as one species, the var. 8. coming very near
to À. comosa, yet their characters are so much alike that, from their
occurring together so frequently, it is not impossible the two may
be found even on one bush. E. Meyer's description and name
refer to a, but the specimens I received from Drège belong to 8.

47. A. nervosa (E. Mey! Comm. p. 62), ramis tomentellis,
foliis fasciculatis lineari-carinatis mucronatis puberulis subcanes-
centibusque, calycis turbinati tomentosi laciniis lanceolatis tri-
nervibus tubo subæquilongis vexillo villoso multo brevioribus,
carina glabra, ovario villoso.— Frutex ramosissimus. floribundus.
Folia rigidula, patentia, circa 2 lin. longa. Flores 5 lin. longi.
Species a præcedentibus calycis laciniis brevioribus facile digno-
scenda.

Grassy hills near Swellendam, Mundt! rocky situations Nieu-
wekloof, Drège! gathered also by Zhom! According to Drége
(Linnea, v. 20), A. remota, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 218, from Tul-
bagh valley, is the same species, if so, their name, though not a
good one, has the right of priority.

48. A. uniflora (Linn! Spec. p. 1001), foliis brevibus fascicu-
latis lineari-teretibus glabris ‘hirtellisve, floribus subsessilibus
solitariis geminisve, calycis laciniis foliaceis ovato-cymbæformibus
tubo villosulo æquilongis, vexillo villoso, carina glabra, legumine
pubescente oblique rhombeo calycem vix superante.—A. cymba-
Sormis, DC., Prod. 2. p. 140.—A. ericifolia, Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 205
—A. scaphoides, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 206. teste Walp.—Folia
ericoidea, 1-2 lin. longa. Species hirsutie variabilis, sed emi
facillime ab omnibus distinguenda.

Cape district; probably very common, as it occurs in almost all
collections. Plukenet’s figure, quoted by Linnæus, is a very dif-
ferent plant, evidently one of the Laterales, and has led to the
idea that Linneus’ and Lamarck’s A. uniflora were different.
Linnæus’s own specimen, as well as his character, belong, without
doubt, to the present species.

49. A. prostrata (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 206), from Swellen-
dam, is said by them to be allied to A. eymbaformis (A. uniflora) ;
their description indicates some very different species.

4n2

614 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

Sertes IV. LgprANTHE. Folia fasciculata teretia, v. trigona.
Flores subsessiles, nune in capitula v. spicas terminalia con-
ferti, nunc intra fasciculos foliorum laterales solitarii. Carina
alarumque ungues a tubo stamineo et inter se liberi (etsi carina
nonnunquam versus medium alis adhæreat). Ovarium 2—4-ovu-
latum, villosum. Legumen oblique ovatum v. subrhombeum,
acutum, calyce brevius v. vix longius.—Stirpes vulgo molliter
villosæ. Folia ericoidea. Flores in genere mediocres v. parvi.
Calycis laciniæ anguste v. rarius abbreviate et late. Vexillum
ovato-oblongum, rarius late obovatum, nec orbiculatum nec obla-
tum. Carina recta v. parum incurva. Legumen multo magis
compressum quam in Lateralibus, et forma nonnisi illi A. frank-

enioidis approximatur, huic vero um bur et corolla omnino Late-
radium.

$1. Floribus spicatis v. capitatis.

50. A. nigra (Linn. ! Mant. p. 262), foliis fasciculatis
brevibus subulatis muticis glabris v. vix puberulis, floribus spicatis
capitatisve, calycis villosi dentibus late ovatis lanceolatisve tubo
brevioribus, petalis villosis, vexillo ovato alisque carinam superan-
tibus, ovario 4-ovulato, legumine oblique rhombeo calycem bre-
viter superante.—A. nigrescens, E. Mey.! Linnea, 7. p. 159.—
A. melanoides, Eckl. et Zeyh.! Enum. p. 210. et teste Walp.
A. pallens et A. deciduifolia, Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. p. 210, et
A. globulosa, E. Mey. Linnæa, 7. p. 159.—Species ab omnibus
facile distinguitur dentibus calycinis brevibus latis et ovario

4-ovulato. Siccitate sepissime nigrescit. Folia vulgo 1-2? lin.
longa, crassiuscula, rarius 3 lin. longa et iis A. spicate subsimilia.
Flores vulgo 3 lin. longi. "Variat tamen calycis dentibus brevis-
simis obtusissimis v. lanceolatis tubo paullulum tantum brevio-
ribus, bracteis nunc orbiculatis integris v. tripartitis, nunc anguste
oblongis linearibusve, capitulo globoso, oblongo, v. rarius in
spicam longiusculam extenso. *

Frequent in the Cape district, as it appears in almost every ——
collection. oe

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 615

51. A. parviflora (Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 208) folis fasciculatis
subulatis muticis glabris hirtisve, floribus in spicam paucifloram
approximatis, calycis pubescentis dentibus ovatis lanceolatisve
tubo brevioribus, petalis pubescentibus, carina alis breviore,
ovario biovulato, legumine oblique ovato acuto calycem breviter
superante.— Valde similis formis nonnullis A. 227, differt tamen
statura minore, inflorescentia laxiore, floribus paullo minoribus et
preesertim ovulis in ovario constanter 2 nec 4.

Mountains of Swellendam district; Gnadenthal, Drege!
Puspasvalley and Kochmanskloof, Ze£/on and Zeyher, Groot-
vadersbosch, Zeyher ! n. 2332, also in the collections of Thom!
Bowie! and Burchell! n. 6359.

52. A. cephalotes (Thunb. ? Fl. Cap. p. 578) foliis fasciculatis
brevibus obtusis crassiusculis glabris puberulisve, floribus capi-
tatis, calycis villosi laciniis lanceolatis tubo paullo longioribus,
vexillo ovali-oblongo villosulo carina glabra v. puberula longiore,
ovario biovulato.—Frutex robustus, a varietate capitata A. spicate
differt habitu, foliis crassioribus interdum subdilatatis, dentibus
calycinis rigidioribus, floribus paullo minoribus.

Cape district, Forbes! Fransche Hoek, Thunberg ; Zwarteberg,
Ecklon and Zeyher, whose specimens, however, I have not seen;
and it is doubtful whether Thunberg's plant be the same, although
his short description agrees well with the specimens I have seen.
One of them is included in the Linnean herbarium, under
A. lotoides. I have some doubts also whether the plant may not
prove to be one of the numerous forms assumed by the A. spicata
in particular soils and situations. The A. cephalotes of DC. is
according to E. Meyer his A. galeata.

53. A. cerrhantha (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 208) from Uiten-
hage is unknown to me, but must again be very near A. spicata.
Walpers refers it to A. globosa (Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 510) a very
bad figure which does not appear to me to represent an Aspala-
thus at all.

54. A. spicata (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 578) foliis fasciculatis
subulatis vix mucronatis piloso-hirtis glabratisve, floribus spicatis
subeapitatisve, calycis hirsutissimi laciniis lanceolato-subulatis

616 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

tubo sublongioribus, petalis pubescentibus, vexillo ovato carinam
superante, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique ovato acuto calyce
breviore.—In forma normali ramuli tenues, virgati. Folia tenuia,
2—4 lin. longa, siccitate nigricantia. Spica pilis rufis v. canescen-
tibus molliter villosa v. subplumosa, 1-]1-pollicaris. Flores
singuli 5 lin. longi, albi. Variat tamen ramis nunc abbreviatis
et inflorescentia fere A. nigre (a qua floribus distinctissima est)
habitu rigidiore, floribus minoribus ete. nec facile semper ab
A. cephaloti distinguitur.

Sent in almost every collection from the neighbourhood of
Cape Town. It is in the Linnean herbarium, but included
among the specimens marked A. araneosa. The A. cepAalotes
B. albida of Ecklon and Zeyher, which I have seen also in Bur-
chell’s collection, n. 5998, appears to be rather a variety of
A. spicata than of A. cephalotes.

. $ 2. Floribus lateralibus v. interrupte spicatis.

55. A. ericifolia (Linn.! Spec. p. 1000) foliis fasciculatis
brevibus muticis villosis glabratisve, floralibus calycis tubum non
v. vix superantibus, floribus lateralibus versus apices ramulorum
interrupte spicatis, calycis villosi laciniis lineari-subulatis muticis
tubo duplo longioribus, vexillo ovato-oblongo carinaque alis glab-
ris breviore villosis, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique ovato
acuto villoso calycem subæquante.—A. ericoides, E. Mey.! Lin-
nea, 7, p. 160.—A. multiflora, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 580 ?—A.
varians, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 209 fide Drège.—Species cum
sequentibus sepe confusa, facile tamen distinguitur calycibus
rigidulis 2-2} lin. longis folia floralia multo superantibus et
sepius inflorescentia. Frutex est divaricato-ramosissimus. Folia
iis A. wniflore similia, raro linea longiora. Flores vulgo ad apices
ramulorum spicas efformant foliatas subinterruptas 1-2 poll.
longas. Vexillum vulgo laciniis ealyeinis dimidio longius, un
dum tamen vix eas excedit.

Very abundant in the Cape district, whence itis sent by ad
collectors.—1In the Linnæan herbarium, besides this species the
A. mollis, thymifolia, and microcarpa are included under the name
of A. ericifolia. :

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 617

06. A. mollis (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 290) undique molliter piloso-
nirtum, foliis fasciculatis subulatis vix mucronatis piloso-hirtis,
floralibus calycis tubum multo superantibus, floribus lateralibus
subsessilibus solitariis, calycis pilosi laciniis subulatis tubo duplo
longioribus, vexillo ovato-oblongo carinaque alas glabras æquante
villosis, ovario biovulato.—4A. muraltioides, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum.
p. 209 ex Walp. et Dr.—A. flexuosa, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 579 ex
Walp.—Fruticulus ramosissimus, dense foliatus. Folia tenuis-
sima, 2—4 lin. longa. Flores 3 lin. longi.

Paarlberg in Cape district, Drége! and if the synonyms adduced
are correct, in Tulbagh valley and Swellendam mountains, Zeklon
and Zeyher—Xncluded in the Linnzan herbarium under A. erici-
Jolia. The A. mollis B. flezuosa, E. Mey. appears to me rather
to belong to A. thymifolia.

B. arcuata, carina majore arcuata glaberrima, ceteris omnibus
A. mollis—In Thom’s collection.

57. A. thymifolia (Linn. Spec. p. 1000) foliis fasciculatis
parvis subulatis submuticis hirsutis glabratisve, floribus solitariis
subsessilibus lateralibus, calycis pubescentis laciniis subulatis tubo
non v. paullo longioribus, vexillo pubescente, alis carina puberulo
glabrave brevioribus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique ovato
acuto puberulo calycem superante.—A. hispida, Eckl. Zeyh.!
Enum. p. 207 vix Thunb.?—A. /rankenioides, Eckl. Zeyh.!
Enum. p. 207 non DC.—A. multiflora Sieb.! Fl. Cap. exs. n.
163.—A. Zannaensis, Eckl. Zeyh.? Enum. p. 207.—Fruticulus
diffusus v. divaricato-ramosissimus quam maxime variabilis, a
binis precedentibus distinguitur floribus parvis vix unquam duas
lineas excedentibus et alis carina semper brevioribus. Folia raro
(nisi in var. subsequente 8,) lineam excedunt, sepe semilinea
breviora, floralia sæpissime calyce breviora. Flores infra apices
ramulorum vulgo numerosi, non tamen tam distincte spicati ut in

Ae ericifolia, interdum rari secus ramos sparsi. Calyx lineam
longus. Legumen acutum et valde compressum, calyce sæpe
subdimidio longius.

Very abundant in the Cape and neighbouring district, from
whence it is sent in almost all collections.

618 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

B: tenuifolia, foliis longioribus tenuibus.—A. mollis B. flexuosa,
E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 56 excl. syn. Thunb. ?—Cape district.

y. micrantha, floribus minoribus, calycis dentibus brevioribus.
_ —A; mierocarpa, DC. ! Prod. 2. p. 139.—4A. micrantha, E. Mey.!
Linnea, 7. p. 161.— Cape district, ‘Æeklon and Zeyher ! Burchell,
n. 244 ! and 265! and some other collections.

8. albiflora, glabrior, folis brevibus, floribus parvis albis.—
A. multiflora, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 57 (sub quo includit etiam
var. y?) Thunb.—A. albiflora, Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 207.
—Uitenhage district, Feklon aud Zeyher ! (n. 264 of Zeyhers
own collection) near Graham’s town, Burke ! also Burchell’s
n. 6909! and 394? and in some Cape district collections.

I had originally distinguished these several forms as species,
and considered even that-I might have confounded others under
the var. a. but having afterwards a very numerous series of
specimens before me, they appeared to form so complete a chain
from one form to another, that I could no longer establish any
lines of demarcation between them. I have adopted Linnæus”
name of thymifolia, which appears to me to be intended for this
plant, although he has no specimen so named in his herbarium,
and although Plukenet’s wretched figure is not applicable to this
species, or indeed to any other. Specimens of two or three forms
above given exist, however, in Linnæus collection, but are among
those named A. ericifolia. A. flexuosa of Thunberg may be
a form of A. araneosa, or possibly A. asparagoides. For Lamarck's
A. thymifolia, see A. canescens.

58? A. candicans (Ait! Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 4. p. 264) foliis
fasciculatis subulato-teretibus muticis albo-sericeis, floribus late-
ralibus 1-3-nis ad apices ramulorum approximatis, calycis sericel
dentibus brevissimis, petalis glabriusculis, alis ceteris brevioribus,
legumine ovato-compresso sericeo-villoso calycem paullo superante.
—Indumentum et folia A. argyree a cseteris Leptanthis recedunt.
Specimina sylvestria paniculato-ramosissima, flores parvi fere.
A. armate, ob leguminis formam inter Leptanthes militat.

In Nelson’s and Oldenburg’s collections in the Banksian herba-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 61g

rium, also one of the specimens included in the Linnean herba-
rium under P. albens.

49. A. incurva (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 578) foliis fasciculatis
tenuissimis acutis glabris hirtellisve, floribus lateralibus solitariis
sessilibus, calycis puberuli laciniis setaceis tubo longioribus,
vexillo hirtello v. sericeo, alis glabris carinam subglabram longe
superantibus, ovario biovulato.— Approximatur interdum A. moll,
sed folia vulgo longiora, et facile distinguitur petalorum propor-
tione. Vexillum vulgo (nec tamen constanter) acutum.

Cape and neighbouring districts; Paarl and Tulbagh, Drége !
Paarl and Hottentotsholland, Zek/on and Zeyher; Hottentots-
holland, Alexander !

60. A. diffusa (Eckl. Zeyh. nié p- 208), gathered by Mundt
at Paarl and Plettenbergs bay in Stellenbosch district, is unknown
to me. Walpers, who like myself had not seen it, refers it to
A. lepida, but the short pod would place it among Leptanthe.

61. A. asparagoides (Linn. fil! Suppl. p. 321) foliis fascicu-
latis tenuibus incurvis ciliato-hispidis, floribus lateralibus sessilibus
solitariis, calycis hispidi laciniis subulatis tubo plus duplo longi-
oribus corollam subæquantibus, vexillo pubescente carinam
glabram superante, alis subbrevioribus, ovario biovulato, legumine
oblique ovato acuto pubescente laciniis calycinis breviore.—
A. alpina, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 218 (ex char.)—A. flexuosa,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 579?—Habitu formis nonnullis A. araneose
approximatur sed inflorescentia et flores longe diversi. Fruticulus
est ramosissimus, dense foliatus. Folia 2-3 lin. longa, siccitate :
nigricantia. Calyces (cum laciniis) 3 lin. longi. Vexillum calyce
paullo longius, mucronato-aristatum v. rarius muticum.

In the collections of Nelson! Bowie! and Burchell! n. 5203
and 6131, and, if Heklon and Zeyher’s plant be rightly referred
here, it is in the collection from Langekloof in George district.

62. A. rubrofusea (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 216, fide Dr.!
Linnza, v. 20), foliis fasciculatis subulato-trigonis incurvis rigidulis
mucronatis hirsutis, floribus lateralibus sessilibus solitariis, calycis
hirsuti laciniis subulatis rigidis | tubo plus duplo longioribus corol-
lam zquantibus, vexillo carinaque villosis subæqualibus alas

VOL. VII, AE

620 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

glabras superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine valde obliquo
ovato acuto villoso calyce breviore.—Rami virgati, longe et molli-
ter pilosi, dense foliati. Callus sub foliis interdum acutus v. bre-
vissime aculeatus. Folia pleraque 3 lin. longa, validiora ac in
praecedentibus, sub villis vulgo rubentia et nitida. Calycis tubus
lineam, laciniæ 21 lin. longi. Vexillum 3 lin. longum, obovatum
apice rotundatum et aristato-acuminatum.

Uitenhage hills about the Zwartkops river, Ecklon and Zeyher,
n. 1186! of the first, and 2340 ! of the second of Zeyher’s sepa-
rate collections.

Serres V. LaTERALEs. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona.
Flores subsessiles laterales. Legumen ex ovario 2- (rarissime 3-4-)
ovulato, villosum, exsertum, oblique ovatum v. lanceolatum, vulgo
turgidum, maturitate horizontaliter patens v. reflexum.-—Frutices
nune rigidi divaricato-ramosissimi, nunc ramulis dense foliatis
elongatis donati, vulgo villosi v. subsericei. Calli sub foliis mutici,
etsi in speciebus ultimis spina adest intra fasciculum foliorum, et in
prioribus folia ipsa pungent. Flores intra fasciculos sepissime
solitarii, rarius subfasciculati, majusculi v. mediocres. Calyx
latiuscule campanulatus. Alæ libere. Ovarium villosum. Ovula
in omnibus duo tantum vidi, nisi in A. ¢erefe ubi 4, et in A.
vulnerante ubi fere semper tria mihi occurrere. Series ab omnibus
precedentibus legumine exserto differt, inter sequentes vix nisi
cum Pinguibus confuderes, his tamen habitus glabrior, flores
minores, legumen glabrius minus turgidum.

$ 1. Foliis juniperinis rigidis patentibus mucronato-pungentibus
raro muticis semipollicem raro excedentibus.

63. A. feres (Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 215), foliis fasciculatis
teretibus subulatis rigidis mucronato-pungentibus demum glabra-
tis, floribus solitariis, calycis late campanulati villosi truncati laciniis
lineari-subulatis mucronato-pungentibus tubo longioribus, vexillo
villoso carinam pubescentem vix æquante, ovario 4-ovulato, legu-
mine oblique ovato-lanceolato faleato-acuminato turgido sericeo-
villoso.— Frutex v. arbusculus 10-15-pedalis. Rami robusti
pubescentes. Folia dense fasciculata, subsemipollicaria, viridia. :
Flores 7-8 lin. longi; laciniæ calycinæ rigidæ, fere 3 lin. long

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 621

Legumen 8-9 lin. longum, crassum, prope basin 3-4 lin. latum,
apiee acutum.

Vanstaadens-river hills in Uitenhage, Æcklon and Zeyher,
n. 378! of Zeyher’s Uitenhage collection, also Burchell! n. 4640.
The A. echinata of E. Meyer, which Walpers refers to this species,
is a different plant.

64. A. vulnerans (Thunb? Fl. Cap. p. 582), foliis fasciculatis
subulatis rigidis mucronato-pungentibus hirtellis v. demum gla-
bratis, floribus solitariis, calycis late campanulati villosi laciniis
setaceo-pungentibus distantibus tubo vix æquilongis, vexillo villoso
carinam glabram superante, ovaria (3-) ovulato, legumine ob-
lique ovato-lanceolato turgido villosissimo.—A. #irta, E. Mey. !
Linnea, 7, p. 156.— Frutex ulicinus, ramosissimus, dense foliatus,
ramis tamen minus robustis quam in A. ¢ereti. Folia majora
semipollicaria, pube sericea albida v. fulvida interdum evanida,
nune recta et valida, nunc tenuiora et incurva. Dentes calycini
pungentes, sed multo tenuiores quam in affinibus. Flores nunc
6 lin., nune fere 9 lin. longi. Legumen semipollicare, crassum,
pilis longis vestitum, 3 lin. latum.

Swellendam mountains about Puspas valley and Kochmanskloof,
Mundt! Ecklon and Zeyher, Zeyher’s\ coll. n. 2369 ; Giftberg,
Drége!; also in the collections of Scholl! Bowie! and Burchell!
n.6979. Thunberg’s plant is from Olyfants river, his description
agrees with some, though not with the most common forms.

65. A. Aystriz (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 377) foliis fasciculatis sub-
ulatis teretibus rigidis mucronato-pungentibus incano-tomentosis,
floribus solitariis folia subequantibus, calycis late campanulati
molliter tomentosi dentibus basi dilatatis breviter setaceo-subpun-
gentibus tubo subbrevioribus, vexillo dense tomentoso carinam
glabram superante, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato
dense villoso-lanato.— Folia semper incano-tomentosa, raro semi-
pollicaria, in speciminibus perpaucis (nec verosimiliter unquam
in tota planta) submutica incurva et minus rigida. Flores vix
semipollicares. Legumen 6-8 lin. longum, villis mollibus flavi-
. cantibus densissime vestitum. .

Dry stony hills in Onderbokkeveld and Kendo, Drege! Atta-
42

622 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

quaskloof, GidZ! also in AMassow's! collection.—This appears to
be correctly referred by E. Meyer to Thunberg’s species, and ac-
cording to a MS. memorandum of J. de St. Hilaire’s in the
Banksian herbarium, it is Lamarck’s plant of that name. À very
bad specimen so named in the Linnean herbarium differs in the
leaves not pungent and the longer calycine teeth. Linnæus the
son, however, in his diagnosis expressly says foliis spinosis.

66. A. rigescens (E. Mey! Enum. p. 52) foliis fasciculatis
teretibus subulatis rigidis mucronato-pungentibus hirtellis, floribus |
solitariis, calycis late campanulati pubescentis laciniis lineari-lan-
_ceolatis mucronatis tubo longioribus corollam subæquantibus, vex-
illo villoso carinam pubescentem superante, ovario biovulato,
legumine oblique lanceolato appresse villoso.—A. hystrici affinis
quidem, sed distincta imprimis calycis laciniis approximatis 2 lin.
longis planis v. marginibus in sicco sepe revolutis." Ovarium et
legumen multo minus villosa.

About Port Elizabeth in Uitenhage and Gnadenthal in George
district, Drége! Uitenhage district, Zeyher ; former coll. n. 1185,
and from Karroid places on the Winterheksberg in the same
district, Zeyher ! n. 2322.—A. rigescens is referred by Walpers to
A. corrudafolia, but it appears to me quite distinct from the plant so
called by DeCandolle and Ecklon, and Zeyher. Drége refers
Zeyher's n. 2322 to the A. alopecuroides, E. Mey., but the specimens
L have seen in Hooker’s herbarium are certainly different.

67. A. echinata (E. Mey! Enum. p. 51) folis fasciculatis
teretibus subulatis rigidulis mucronatis hirtis, floribus solitariis,
calycis late campanulati villosi laciniis lanceolato-setaceis subpun-
gentibus tubo subsequilongis, vexillo villoso carinam villosam
superante, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato pilis ap-
pressis brevibus villoso.—A. corrudæfolia, DC.! Prod. 2, p. 139,
Eckl. and Zeyh. Enum. p. 216 vix Berg.— Rami divaricati, rigidi,
tomentoso-pubescentes. Foliorum fasciculi ssepe distantes ; folia
ipsa 2 vel raro 3 lin. longa. Flores 4—6 lin. longi. Legumen
4-6 lin. longum, minus turgidum quam in præcedentibus.
Species A. vulneranti subsimilis sed folia minora dimidio breviora

tenuiora, corolla minores villosiores, ovarium 2- nec 3-ovulatum, —

et legumen diversum.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. . 623

Grassy hills of Uitenhage district on the Sondag and Zwartkops
rivers, Ecklon and Zeyher! also Zeyher ! first coll. n. 1111 and
1184! last coll. n. 2367! Zuureveld, G?//! Dutoitskloof, Drège !
also Burchell! n. 3320.—<A. rigescens of E. Meyer which has
been referred to this species, is quite distinct. Bergius’s descrip-
tion of A. corrudæfolia appears to me to agree much better with
A. chortophila.

§ 2. Foliis viz pungentibus, semipollice longioribus, ovario in
omnibus biovulato.

68. A. acanthes (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p.215), ramis hirtis,
folis dense fasciculatis longiuscule lineari-teretibus mucronatis
. rigidulis glabris v. hirtellis, floribus solitariis, calycis late campanu-
lati villosi dentibus lanceolato-subulatis crassis mucronatis tubo
suo longioribus, vexillo subsessili orbiculato villoso carinam gla-
bram longe superante, legumine crasso villosissimo.—Frutex ro-
bustus, ramis floriferis sæpe ultrapedalibus dense foliatis. Folia
in fasciculis numerosa, incurvo-erecta, 8-10 lin. longa v. interdum
pollicaria, viridia. Flores ampli, crassi, sed folia non excedunt.
Laciniæ calycinæ rigidæ, subpungentes, 4-5 lin. longe. Legu-
men 6-7 lin. longum.

In Kannaland not far from the Gauritz river, Swellendam
district, Ecklon and Zeyher! also Scholl |

69. A. Burchelliana, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis longiuscule
lineari-teretibus vix mucronatis carnosulis glabris, floribus subso-
litariis quam folia brevioribus, calycis late campanulati pubescentis
dentibus tubo multo brevioribus, vexillo villoso carinam tomento-
sam breviter superante, legumine crasso turgido villoso.—Primo
intuitu A. verrucose simillima, sed floribus villosis, et legumine
facile distincta. Ramuli crassiusculi, tomentosi, callis elevatis.
Folia pleraque 8-10 lin. longa, numerosa, incurva. Calyx 1j lin.
longus. Corolla duplo longior. Carina arcuata alas subsuperans.

From Burchell’s collection, n. 7456 !

70. A. glomerata, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis longiuscule subulatis
inucronato-pungentibus rigidulis sericeo-tomentosis, floribus late-
ralibus glomerato-subracemosisquam folia multo brevioribus, calycis
late campanulati tomentosi truncati dentibus setaceis tubo multo

624 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

brevioribus, vexillo late ovato villoso carinam glabram vix superante,
legumine oblique ovato-lanceolato villosissimo.— Rami crassius-
culi, pube molli vestiti. Foliorum fasciculi distantes v. ad apices
ramulorum conferti. Folia in fasciculo plurima v. numerosa, ma-
jora pollicaria. Ramulus florifer intra fasciculum sepe brevissime
evolvitur et flores fert 4-12, singulis v. per 2-3 foliis 1-3 suffultis,
pedicellis szepe lineam longis. Calyx lineam longus. Corolla 4 lin.
Legumen minus deflexum quam in affinibus sed in specimine
nondum maiurum.
"From Burchell’s collection, n. 5786!

71. A. longifolia, sp. n., foliis dense fasciculatis longiuscule
subulatis subincurvis mucronulatis albo-sericeis, floribus solitariis
glomeratisve folio multo brevioribus, calycis late campanulati mol-
liter villosi dentibus brevissimis acutis, vexillo late orbiculato
longe unguiculato villoso carinam glabram superante, legumine
oblique ovato-lanceolato villosissimo.—A. eriophylle quodammodo
similis sed folia longiora (1-1}-pollicaria), calycis dentes multo
breviores, corollæ minores, et forma vexilli valde diversa.

From Scholl's | collection.

12. A. eriophylla (Walp. Linnea, 13. p. 499), foliis dense fasci-
culatis longiuscule subulatis incurvis mucronatis argenteo-sericeis,
floribus solitariis glomeratisve, calycis sericeo-villosissimi laciniis
subulato-acuminatis tubo paullo brevioribus, vexillo obovali villoso
in unguem brevem contracto carinam glabram superante, legumine
oblique ovato-lanceolato turgido molliter villosissimo.—Folia secus
ramos numerosa 8-10 lin. longa v. fere pollicaria. Flores sæpius
solitarii, folia subæquantes. Vexillum 6 lin. longum, 3 lin.
latum. Legumen 5 lin. longum.

Near Grahams town in Albany, Zeyher! n. 892, Krebs.

§ 3. Folus non pungentibus raro ^ lineas excedentibus.

73. A. laricifolia (Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 204. non Lam.) foliis fas-
ciculatis subulatis mucronatis glabriusculis, floribus solitariis late-
ralibus, calycis late campanulati villosi dentibus subulato-acumi-
natis tubo suo brevioribus, vexillo pubescente carinam glabram
superante, legumine oblique lanceolato acutiusculo turgido villo- -
sissimo.—A. Jaricina, DC., Prod. 2. p. 141.—A. genistoides,

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 625

Eckl: Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 214 et auct. quorund. non Linn.— Species
variabilis nec semper facile ab affinibus presertim ab A. canescente
distinguenda, a ceteris carina glabra constanter diversa videtur.
Folia numerosa, incurva v. subrecurva, 2-3 lin. longa. Flores
semipollicares, dissiti v. in spicam foliatam approximati.

From the mountains near Cape town, in most collections.
Burchell's n. 6321, is a smaller flowered variety.

74. A. sericantha (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 49), foliis fasciculatis
subulatis mucronatis glabriusculis, floribus solitariis lateralibus,
calycis late campanulati villosi dentibus subulato-acuminatis tubo
subæquilongis, vexillo villoso carinam villosam superante, legu-
mine oblique lanceolato acuto turgido villosissimo.—Similis hinc
A. laricifolia et A. canescenti, a quibus differt carina villosa, hinc
A. echinate, sed folia incurva et vulgo tenuiora, mucrone minus
rigido, et præsertim legumen omnino Lateralium.

Eastern districts from Algoa bay, Forbes! to Port Natal
Peddie! Drége\—also Burchell’s n. 3485 !

15. A. eanescens (Linn. Mant. ! p. 262), foliis fasciculatis sub-
ulatis acutiusculis canescentibus sericeisve, floribus solitariis late-
ralibus, calycis villosi dentibus tubo suo brevioribus, vexillo
pubescente carinam glabram superante, legumine oblique lanceo-
lato turgido villosissimo.—A. neanthes et A. Jaubertiana, Eckl.
Zeyh.! Enum. p. 213, 214.—A. thymifolia, Lam. ex. J. St. Hil.
in herb. Banks.— Species A. Zaricifolie valde affinis, differt indu-
mento, sed et hoc character uti longitudo foliorum (2-4 lin.)
quam maxime variat. i

Apparently common, from Cape town to Caledon, as it occurs
in almost all collections.

8.? Bowieana, major, foliis longioribus (4-5 lin.), calycis den-
tibus brevioribus, floribus majoribus, legumine acutiore 7 lin.
longo. An species propria ?

From Bowies collection (Herb. Hooker!), and recently com-
municated to me by Dr. Alexander! who gathered it at Kaimans-
gat, near Georgetown. A very handsome form, which may pos-
sibly prove a distinct species, although I have been unable to
detect any positive characters to separate it from the larger forms
of A. canescens.

626 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

76. A. cinerascens (E. Mey. Comm. p. 54), from Draaken-
stein (?), which I have not seen, is said to be allied on the one
hand to A. cærulescens, E. Mey. (Lebeckia microphylla), on the
other to A. canescens.

77. A. hilaris (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 214), and 78. A. Žiatuum
(Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 212), both from Uitenhage, appear to me
to be allied, the one, to A. sericantha, the other to A. chortophila ;
both are unknown to me.

19. A. chortophila (Echl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 211), foliis fasci-
culatis brevibus obtusis v. acutiusculis cano-tomentosis puberulis
v. demum glabratis rigidulis, floribus solitariis, folia longe exce-
dentibus, calycis late campanulati villoso-tomentosi dentibus subu-
latis distantibus tubo brevioribus, vexillo villoso carinam villosam
breviter superante, legumine oblique ovato-lanceolato turgido vil-
loso.—A. frankenioides, E. Mey ! Comm. p. 53, non DC.—A. cor-
rudefolia, Berg.? Pl. Cap. p. 207, non DC.—Rami divaricati,
post folia delapsa callis tomentosis verrucosi. Foliorum fasciculi
distantes. Folia vulgo vix lineam longa, raro fere 2 lin. floralia
tubo calycis breviora, omnia crassiora et obtusiora quam in præce-
dentibus. Corolla circa 4 lin. longa, vexillo crassiusculo. Legu-
nem 4 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum.

Grahams town and Fish river, Albany district, Æcklon and
Zeyher’ Drège\ Gill! also Wallich! Nelson! and Burchell,
n. 3533! Bergius describes the leaves of his A. corrudæfolia aS-
blunt without points, which agrees better with A. chortophila
than with A. echinata ; he says, however, that they are two lines
long, which they very seldom are in A. chortophila, and this
species appears to be only found much farther east than Bergius
ever was. The plant he intended must therefore remain doubtful
till his specimens shall have been re-examined. It may possibly
be the A. secunda.

80. A. intermedia (Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 211), foliis fascicu-
latis minimis obtusis hirtellis, floribus solitariis, calycis campanu-
lati tomentosi dentibus subulatis tubo brevioribus, vexillo pubes- — —
cente carinam puberulam superante.—Forte A. chortophila Na
rietas, foliis floribusque minoribus.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 627

Uitenhage district, between Krakakamma and the Vanstaadens
river, Ecklon and Zeyher !

81. A. frankenioides (DC.! Prod. 2. p. 139), foliis fasciculatis
brevibus acutis v. obtusiusculis muticis canescenti-tomentosis,
floribus solitariis, calycis campanulati pubescentis dentibus subu-
latis tubo paullo brevioribus, vexillo pubescente carinam glabram
vix superante, legumine oblique falcato-ovato acuto calycem vix
superante adpresse villosulo.—A. albanensis, Echl. Zeyh. ! Enum.
p. 211.—Habitus precedentium. Folia raro lineam excedunt.
Flores 3 lin. longi. Legumen valde incurvum, vix 2 lin. longum,
1$ lin. latum, multo minus turgidum quam in præcedentibus.

Albany district, Ecklon and Zeyher ! (Zeyher coll. n. 910 !), also
` Burchell! n. 3473. This and the following species come near
the Leptanthe by their pod, but their open calyx and broad vex-
illum are those of the Laterales.

82. A. poliotes (Eckl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 213), foliis fasciculatis
brevibus muticis tomentoso-hirtellis subcanescentibus, floribus
solitariis, calycis tomentoso-villosi campanulato dentibus acumi-
natis muticis tubo subbrevioribus, vexillo villoso carinam glabram
v. adpresse pubescentem breviter superante, legumine ovato-lance-
olato adpresse villoso.—A. /eptothria Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 213,
fide Walp.—A. tomentosa, E. Mey. in Dr. ! Pl. exs. Comm. p. 55.
—A. frankenioidi valde similis. Folia paullo longiora, 1-2 lin.
longa, tomentum laxior, et legumen paullo longius.

Vanstaadens-river hills in Uitenhage district, Æeklon and
Zeyher (Zeyher! coll. n. 714), Zuurebergen, Drège |—E. Meyer
describes the calycine teeth as obtuse, whereas they are pointed
in the specimens distributed by Drége, in which there may pos-
sibly be some mistake.

$ 4. Foliis densis tenuibus vulgo setaceis incurvis, ovario biovulato.

83. A. Gillii, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis incurvis subulatis acutis
hirtellis, floribus solitariis, calycis yillosi laciniis anguste lanceo-
latis tubo longioribus, vexillo villoso carinam villosam superante,
legumine oblique lanceolato turgido dense villoso.—A. sericantha

subsimilis, sed hirsutior, folia tenuiora longiora densiora, et præ-
VOL, VIL : AF

SA `
618 eme © INDIGENOUS TO

sertim calyces diversi 1is Atechinate v. A. rigescentis subsimiles.
Habitus foliorum sequentium.

Cafferland, Gi! (in herb. Hook.) :

84. A. setacea (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 216), ramulis villosis
dense foliatis, foliis fasciculatis setaceis mucronatis canescenti-vil-
losis, floribus solitariis, calycis villosi campanulati dentibus lan-
ceolato-subulatis mucronatis tubo subduplo longioribus, vexillo
villoso mucronato-aristato carinam villosam superante, legumine
ovato-lanceolato adpresse villoso calyce longiore.—A. alopecuroides
E. Mey.! Comm. p. 52.—Folia 3-6 lin. longa, confertissima.
Flores 4—5 lin. longi. Vexillum basi cordatum, vix dentes caly-
cinos excedens. |

Vanstaadens hills in Uitenhage, Ecklon and Zeyher! Drege!
and at the mouth of the Omsamcaba, Drège! also Burchell!
n. 3536.

85. A. arachnoidea (Hort. Berol ex Walp. Linnea 13. p. 497)
described from specimens raised in the Berlin Garden, is evidently
closely allied to the preceding species.

86. A. alopecurus (Burch.! Cat. Geogr. n. 5561), ramulis
lanato-villosissimis dense foliatis, foliis fasciculatis setaceis mu-
cronatis hirsutis, calycis molliter villosi laciniis setaceis tubo
dimidio v. subduplo longioribus, vexillo mutico carinaque vil-
losis, legumine ovato-lanceolato molliter villosissimo calyce multo
longiore.—Affinis A. sefacez, at vix ejus varietas. Folia 3-6 lin.
longa, pilis mollibus patentibus hirsuta. Inflorescentia A. selace@, —
sed calycis laciniæ multo angustiores. Legumina 3-4 lin. longa, -
villis mollibus rufis densissime obtecta.

In Burchell s and Thons! collections. AU

87. A. ineurvifolia (Walp. Linnæa 13. p. 497), ramulis dense
foliatis, foliis fasciculatis incurvis setaceis mucronatis glabris v.
vix puberulis, floribus solitariis, calyce villosulo campanulato bre-
viter dentato, vexillo glabro v. vix puberulo mutico carinam gla-
bram vix superante, legumine oblique ovato-lanceolato turgido
villosissimo calyce multo longiore.— Folia circa 3 lin. longa, rigi- :
diora iis A. se/aeeg, multo tamen tenuiora quam in A. laricifolia r2
inter quas species hae subintermedia est. Flores parvi, foliis

c
SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 619

breviores. Calycis tubus vix lineam longus, dentes brevissimæ,
late, acutiusculæ. Petala calyce duplo longiora. Legumina e
foliis exserta, 3—4 lin. longa, patentia v. reflexa et seepe fere deor-
sum imbricata, pilis ferrugineis mollibus densissime vestita.

In Burchell?s! collection, n. 6754, also gathered by Bowie. !

$ 5. Foliorum fascieulis spinam foventibus.

88. A. Chamissonis (Vog. Linnea 10. p. 597), ramulis gem-
misve spinescentibus, foliis dense fasciculatis muticis incano-
sericeis, floribus solitariis, calycis molliter villosuli late campanu-
lati dentibus subulatis tubo vix æquilongis, petalis glabris, ovario
biovulato, legumine oblique ovato-lanceolato crasso molliter pubes-
cente.—Rami robusti divaricati. Foliorum fasciculi distincti,
callo dense tomentoso. Folia numerosa, 2-3 lin. longa. Spinæ
intra fasciculos nune foliis breviores nunc longiores ramiformes
foliatæ, nec externæ ut in A. aculeata. Flores fere A. laricifoliæ.

Table mountain, ae district, Mundt. ! Tiger mountain, Cha-
misso.

89. A. acanthophylla (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 221) gathered by
Mundt in Swellendam, may be either the A. Chamissonis or the
A. aculeata imperfectly described, if not, it is some species entirely
unknown to me.

Serres VI. Macrocarræ. Folia fasciculata (v. interdum
terna ?) Legumen ex ovario multiovulato lineari-lanceolatum.—
Species tres ovario et legumine ab omnibus distincte et Lebechis
approximantes, duo priores habitu Grandifloris simillimæ, tertia,
foliis planis, mihi ignota.

90. A. filicaulis (Eckl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 204) slain v.
pilosula, ramis temuibus virgatis, callo sub foliis mutico v. vix
mueronato, foliis fasciculatis paucis subulatis, floribus solitariis
breviter pedicellatis, calycis pilosuli dentibus subulatis tubo longi-
oribus, vexillo villoso carinam valde arcuatam glabram vix
æquante, legumine adpresse puberulo.— Valde affinis A. macro-
carpe. Rami rubescentes. Pili laxi sparsi. Folia in quoque
fasciculo 3-6, tenuia, erecta, 4-6 lin. longa (vel ex Eckl. Zeyh.
longiora). Flores secus ramos pauci, vix 4 lin. longiores, nutantes,

4 r2

630 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

pedicello lineam longo. Carina semicircularis, ovula ultra 20.
Legumen maturum, 10-11 lin. longum, 1} lin. latum, turgidu-
lum, sutura seminali incrassata, fere Lebeckiæ nisi magis obliquum.

Near Tulbagh in Worcester, Ecklon and Zeyher! gathered
also by Harvey!

91. A. macrocarpa (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 203) glabriuscula,
ramis rigidis virgatis, callo sub foliis breviter aculeato v. inermi,
folis dense fasciculatis subulatis subglabris, floribus solitariis
breviter pedunculatis, calycis puberuli dentibus tubo vix bre-
vioribus, legumine elongato-lanceolato adpresse puberulo.—
Habitu A. Willdenowiane accedit, differt foliis brevioribus et
imprimis leguminis forma. Calli sub foliis novellis brevisime
aculeati, state tamen pulvini tomentosi excrescunt et. aculei
evanescunt. Fola 4-5 lin. longa, tenuia. Corolla ignotæ.

Legumen pollicare, 2 lin. latum, oligospermum, sed ovulorum
vestigia plurima adsunt.

Mountains near Swellendam, Mundt !

92. A. garipensis (E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 44) from the mouths
of the Gariep, is described as having a linear pod, like the two
last, but ternate flat leaves like those of A. stenophylla.

Serres VII. Granpirtor#. Folia fasciculata teretia. v.
trigona. Flores laterales v. subterminales solitarii v. gemini.
Legumen ex ovario pluriovulato crassum late lanceolatum. Flores
majusculi, carina valde arcuata sæpe rostrata. Ovula vulgo 6 v.
7.—Streptosema et Plagiostigma, Pres].

93. A. Willdenowiana, ramulis rigidis, callo sub foliis inermi
v. vix aculeato, foliis filiformibus subglabris, floribus solitariis
paucisve brevissime pedicellatis, calycis villosi late et oblique cam-
panulati dentibus subulato-acuminatis tubo subæquilongis, vexillo
villoso, carina glabra arcuato-rostrata, stigmate vix obliquo,
legumine oblique lanceolato villosissimo.—A. verrucosa, Willd.
(teste Walp.) E. Mey.! et alior. non Linn.—A. Aystriz, Eckl.
Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 219 non L. fil—Rami virgati, sepe tenues
etsi rigidi. Folia dense fasciculata, pleraque semipollicaria v.
longiora. Flores semipollicares, vexillo subsessili amplo orbieu-
lato, carina circulari. Stigma multo minus obliquum quam in

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 631

sequentibus. Ovula 6. Legumen 6 lin. longum, 2-23 lin.
latum, crassum.

Mountains of the Cape and neighbouring districts, Mundt!
Ecklon and Zeyher! Drege! Alexander | &c.

94. A. leptophylla (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 219) ramulis
rigidis subspinescentibus, callo sub foliis aculeato v. rarius sub-
mutico, foliis filiformibus mucronulatis glabriusculis, floribus
solitariis geminisve brevissime pedicellatis, calycis pubescentis
late campanulati laciniis lanceolato-subulatis tubo æquilongis,
vexillo villoso, carina glabra arcuato-rostrata, stigmate valde
obliquo, legumine oblique lanceolato villoso.——A. /aricifolia,
Lam. Dict. l. p. 287 non Berg.—A. verrucosa litt. b. et c.
E. Mey. in Pl. Dr. ! exs. et Comm. p. 50.— Valde affinis A. Will-
denowianæ et cum ea a Meyero et Preslio jungitur, differt tamen
callo evidentius aculeato, folis paucioribus vulgo longioribus,
floribus paullo majoribus et presertim styli parte stigmatosa
longiuscule decurrente. Legumen paullo longius et minus villosum.

95. A. rostrata sp. n., ramulis rigidis spinescentibus, foliis in
pulvine tomentoso fasciculatis subulatis carnosulis submuticis
puberulis floribus solitariis brevissime pedicellatis, calycis pubes-
centis dentibus subulatis tubo brevioribus, vexillo villoso, carina
arcuata longe rostrata, stigmate obliquo.—Affinis A. Zeptophylle
sed distincta videtur. Calli mutici v. vix brevissime aculeati.
Folia iis A. leptophylle vulgo breviora uti et dentes calycini,
stigma minus obliquum, et carina in rostrum longum rectiuseulum
producta. Ovaria examinare mihi non attigit, ob flores nimis a
vermibus exesos.

From Scholls collection in the Hookerian herbarium. :

96. A. pinea (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 582) ramulis virgatis, foliis
dense fasciculatis subulatis mucronulatis subglabris, floribus
versus apices ramulorum lateralibus v. terminalibus paucis sub-
sessilibus, bracteolis simplicibus, calycis late campanulati villosi
dentibus latis subulato-acuminatis tubo subbrevioribus, vexillo
villoso, carina arcuato-subrostrata glabra, stigmate valde obliquo,
legumine oblique lanceolato-falcato acuto villoso.—Folia A. Wiz-
denowianæ, sed densiora, ramulos obtegunt. Flores nunc infra

632 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

apicem ramuli intra fasciculos solitarii, nunc per 3-6 ad apicem
subcapitati, 9-10 lin. longi. Vexillum ovatum, a medio ad apicem
acutum insigniter angustatum. Ovula vulgo 7. Legumen crassum,
durum, pollicare, 3 lin. latum.

Cape district, Sieber. n. 161! Reeves! Forbes! and others.

97. A. grandiflora, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis lineari-trigonis
acutis pilosis glabratisve nitidis, floribus solitariis paucisve sub-
sessilibus, bracteolis trifoliolatis, calycis villosi laciniis lato-lance-
olatis tubo sublongioribus, vexillo villoso, carina arcuato-subros-
trata glabra, stigmate valde obliquo.— Habitus folia et bracteæ
fere A. galeate. Folia tamen sæpe semipollicaria, cum aliis
dimidio brevioribus fasciculata. Stylus A. pinee. Flores polli-
cares, subterminales. Calyx 6 lin. longus. — Vexillum obovatum,
obtusissimum. Ovula vulgo 7.

From Thom’s! collection in the Hookerian herbarium.

98. A. galeata (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 49) foliis fasciculatis
brevibus lineari-carinatis acutis demum glabratis nitidis, floribus
versus apices ramulorum paucis breve-pedunculatis, bracteolis
irifoliolatis, calycis parce pilosi laciniis subulatis acummato-pun-
gentibus tubo longioribus, vexillo villosissimo, carina glabra
arcuato-subrostrata, stigmate recto, legumine oblique lanceolato
faleato villoso.—Rami elongati, ramulis numerosis 2-4-pollicari
bus. Folia 2-3 lin. longa, in fasciculis numerosis patentia.
Bracteol sub calyce duo opposite, appressæ, singulæ in foliola
3 linearia divise, character in hac specie et in A. grandiflora ut
videtur constans, nec variabile uti in A. nigra observavimus.
Flores 8-9 lin. longi.

Clanwilliam | district between Pikeniers kloof and Oliphants
river, Drège |

SERIES VIII. Ne ae Folia fasciculata, teretia trigons
v. lineari-carinata. Flores terminales subeapitati magni. Legu-
men ex ovario pluriovulato crassum oblique lato-lanceolatum v.
ovato-rhombeum villosum. Hane seriem a Grandifloris inflores-
centia nec non legumine vulgo breviore distinxi, forte cum dis
in unam jungenda erit.—Pachyraphea, Presl.

99. A. densifolia, sp. n., ramis virgatis, foliis densissime fas-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 633

ciculatis subulatis mucronulatis glabriusculis, floribus 2-4-natim
capitatis, calycis laxe villosi laciniis lanceolatis acutis tubo brevi-
oribus, vexillo villoso carinam incurvam obtusam glabram super-
ante, ovario 6—ovulato, legumine oblique ovato-rhombeo acumi-
nato crasso villoso.— Rami crassi folis dense obtecti. Folia 3-4
lin. longa, erecta, in fasciculo numerosissima, callo prominente
sed sæpius mutico. Flores arcte sessiles, semipollicares, Brac-
teolæ trifoliolate videntur sed pleræque a. specimine jam delapsæ.
Legumen fere lignosum, 5 lin. longum, 4 lin. latum.

From Zeyher’s collection n. 428! not quoted in Drége's
enumeration in the Linnza, v. 19.

100. A. ériquetra (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 578) foliis dense fas-
ciculatis brevibus incurvis acutis carinato-triquetris glabris
pilosisve, floribus 2-4-natim capitatis, calycis villosuli campanu-
lati laciniis triangularibus acutiusculis tubo subæquilongis, vexillo
pubescente carinam arcuato-subrostratam glabram æquante,
ovario 4-ovulato, legumine oblique rhombeo crasso hirsuto.—
Frutex ramosissimus, dense foliatus. Folia pleraque vix 2 lin.
longa. Flores sessiles, 5 lin. longi. Legumen sublignosum, 4
— lin. longum et latum. —

. Cederbergen and Dutoitskloof, Drège ! Wallich ! Tulbagh
valley, Ecklon and Zeyher; also Burchell, n. 1718!

101. A. propinqua (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 53) foliis fasciculatis
parvis trigonis obtusis cano-tomentellis, floribus terminalibus sub-
capitatis paucis, calycis molliter villosuli laciniis subtriangularibus
tubo paullo brevioribus, vexillo pubescente carinam arcuato- -
rostratam glabram æquante, ovario 6-ovulato, legumine oblique
ovato acuto sericeo-villoso.— Folia minus numerosa quam in
precedentibus, pleraque lineam longa. Bracteole trifoliolatæ.
Legumen breve, maturum tamen non vidi.

Cederbergen near Ezelsbank, Drege!

Serres IX. Carnosa. Folia fasciculata (rarius terna) teretia
v. trigona vulgo carnosa. Flores (mediocres v. majusculi) sessiles
v. breviter pedicellati. Calyx subcarnosus. Petala sepius glabra.
Legumen glabrum, oblique lanceolatum v. subrhombeum, acutum,
Sepius exsertum. Inflorescentia varia. Petala emarcida circa

634 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

fructum sepe persistunt. Ovarium glabrum v. postice ciliatum.
Series imprimis glabritie et habitu plus minus carnoso distingui-
tur. Flores multo majores quam in Pinguibus quibus accedunt
glabritie et interdum legumine, hoc tamen vulgo brevius est et
erectius et in ultimis speciebus rhombeum et crassum fere Pachy-
carparum sed glabrum.

§ 1. Moribus spicatis v. capitatis, foliis submuticis. Nonnulla
Cephalanthis ultimis subaffines.

102. A. callosa (Linn. ! Spec. p. 1002) glaberrima, foliis
ternis linearibus mucronato-acutis obtusisve, floribus spicatis,
calycis laciniis ovatis lanceolatisve acutis tubo subæquilongis,
ovario 4~5-ovulato glabro v. vix canescente, legumine oblique
lanceolato calyce subduplo longiore.—Bot. Mag. t. 2329.—A. Sim-
siana, Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 200 (non sp. homonym. p. 216).
—Sarcophyllum carnosum, Sieb.! Pl. Exs. n. 257 non alior.—Ob
folia vix fasciculata intus concava extus convexa et interdum fere
lineam lata hæc species inter planifolias et tereti-trigonas ambigit,
sed ob glabritiem florum potius inter Carnosas quam inter Cepha-
lanthas militat. Folia in forma vulgatiore circa 4 lin. longa,
interdum 6 lin., at sepe multo breviora. Flores 4 lin. longi.
Legumen fere A. spiuose sed suberectum, 4 lin. longum, 2 lin.
latum. Variat folis crasso-carnosis v. fere planis, obtusis v.
acutiusculis ete.

8, brevifolia, foliis 1-2 lin. longis, floribus minoribus pauciori-
bus.—A. tylodes, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 200.

Abundant on the sandy downs in the Cape and neighbouring
districts, occurring in almost every collection, the var. 8 in those
of Mundt! and Alexander !

103. A. erythrodes (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 200) from Tulbagh,
is considered by Walpers as a variety of A. carnosa, it is evidently
between that species and A. callosa.

104. A. variegata (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 201) foliis fascicu-
latis tenuibus brevibus carnosulis muticis glabris, floribus laxe
et breviter racemosis subcapitatisve, calycis. campanulati minute
puberuli carnosuli dentibus acuminatis tubo brevioribus, vexillo
vix puberulo carina valde arcuata breviore, ovario 4-ovulato, legu-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 635

mine oblique lanceolato glabro calyce duplo longiore. Fruticulus
ramosissimus, floribundus, ramulis tenuibus. Folia patula, circa
2 lin. longa. Flores longitudine A. cad/ose, sed latiores, nutantes,
pedicellis 1-14 lin. longis, racemis 3-6-floris umbellæformibus,
v. capituliformibus. Legumen fere A. carnose, 5 lin. longum, 2
lin. latum.

Cape flats, Zeyher ! n. 429, also Wallich! Harvey!

105. A. carnosa (Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 206) glabrum v. ramulis
vix puberulis, foliis fascieulatis lineari-teretibus muticis, floribus
breviter pedicellatis subcapitato-racemosis, calycis campanulati
carnosuli dentibus latis obtusis tubo subduplo brevioribus, vexillo
puberulo carinam glabram æquante, legumine oblique lanceolato
calyce subduplo longiore.-—Bot. Mag. t. 1289.— Frutex ramosis-
simus. Folia patentia, 2-3 lin. longa. Flores fere sessiles, 4-5
lin.longi. Calyx 2 lin., variat laciniis longioribus brevioribusve,
semper tamen obtusis. Legumen 4-5 lin. longum, 1'-2 lin.
latum, fere erectum.

From the collections of Ca/ey! Scholl Harvey! Burchell !
(n. 604) and others probably from the neighbourhood of Cape-
town. It is in the Linnean herbarium marked “ A. carnosa Berg.”
and * A. thymifolia carnosa, Berg.” but it is not the A. carnosa
of Linneus’ Mantissa, nor yet the A. thymifolia, Linn. Spec.

106. A. sarcodes (Vog. ex Walp. Linnea 13. p. 480) pulvi-
nis exceptis glabra, foliis fasciculatis linearibus mucronalis caT-
nosis, floribus breviter pedicellatis solitariis geminisve terminali-
bus, bracteis omnibus late ovatis, calycis ample campanulati gla-
bri carnosuli laciniis latis obtusis ad sinus dilatatis tubo subæ-
quilongis, petalis glabris latis subæquilongis, ovario pluriovulato,
legumine oblique lanceolato.—Sarcophyllum carnosum, 'Thunb ! Fl.
Cap. p. 573.—-Sarcocalyx capensis, Walp. Linnea 13. p. 480.
—Haud absimilis formis maximis A. carnose. Folia incurva, 4-6

“lin. longa. Bractese et bracteolæ crasse, carinatæ, acute, calycis
tubi dimidium æquantes. Calyx fere 6 lin. longus sinubus dilatatis
uti nonnunquam occurrit etiam inter Pingues. Corolla 9-10 lin.
longa, legumen 8-9 lin. v. interdum pollicare.

Steenberg on False Bay, Zhunberg! Pappe! Masson! Alerander!

VOL. VII. ig

636 LEGUMINOSZ INDIGENOUS TO

107. A. sarcantha (Vog. ex Walp. Linnea 13. p. 689) ramis
strictis puberulis, foliis fasciculatis teretiusculis carnosis glabris v.
summis puberulis, capitulis terminalibus paucifloris, bractea sub-
tendente latissima ovata lateralibus lanceolato-acuminatis calycem
subæquantibus, calycis laciniis tubum æquantibus ovali-acumi-
natis corolla subcarnosa brevioribus.—A. carnosa Linn! Mant.
p. 261. non Berg.—Folia 2-4 lin. longa. Flores gemini, terni
v. plures. Calyx sæpe roseus, florens 4-5 lin. longus, fructifer
ampliatus usque ad semipollicaris. Corolla 6-8 lin. longa. Legu-
men 8 lin. longum, forma A. carnose.

Cape district, Mundt, Wallich! and others; Simon’s Bay,
Alexander |

108. A. capitata (Linn. Amon. Acad. 6. p. 92 et Auct.
plur. non Berg.), ramis villosis, foliis dense fasciculatis lineari-
triquetris subcarnosis mucronulatis incurvis, floribus capitatis,
calycis late campanulati subvillosi laciniis late ovatis acutis tubo
sublongioribus, petalis glabris, carina arcuato-subrostrata, ovario
postice ciliato biovulato.—Lam. Ill. t. 620. f. 2.—A. glomerata
Linn. fil! Suppl. p. 321.—Rami longiores et densius foliati quam
in A. carnosa. Folia 3-5 lin. longa. Flores semipollicares, in Ca-
pitulum densum vulgo multiflorum conferti. Carina valde arcuata,
intus margine barbata.

Table mountain, Cape District, in many collections. The plant
described under the same name by Bergius is certainly different,
possibly A. spicata or A. cephalotes. Plukenet’s figure quoted by —
him is so bad as to be no guide.

§ 2. Floribus capitatis solitariisve, foliis mucronato-pungentibus. —

109. A. floribunda, sp. n., foliis subfasciculatis trigonis rigidis
mucronato-pungentibus submuticisque glabris, floribus laxe capi-
tatis, calycis glabri subcarnosi laciniis lanceolatis carinatis acutis- —
simis tubo subæquilongis, petalis glabris subæquilongis, carina —
arcuato-subrostrata, ovario 4-ovulato.— Rami flexuoso-ramosissim ——
breves, rigidi, novelli tomentelli. Folia in fasciculis dissitis

sæpius pauca, 2 lin. v. paullo longiora, pleraque mucrone brevi — :

rigido terminata, summa sub floribus majora et sæpe colorata. : :

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 637

Capitula 3-10-flora. Bractea subtendens ovata, acuminata, brac-
teolæ laterales lineares, acutissimæ. ^ Calycis tubus linea paullo
longior. Petala 3 lin. longa. Vexillum basi cordatum.

Zwarteberg near Caledon, Mundt ! also Bowie!

110. A. crassifolia (Andr. Bot. Reg. t. 353) appears so
nearly to resemble A. floribunda that I should have adopted the
name, but that the figure represents the flowers larger, and the
calycine divisions as very blunt instead of being remarkably
pointed.

lll. A. batodes (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 215) from the same
station as A. floribunda must be very near it, but the expression
folis densis subulatis, besides some minor points, deterred me
from regarding it as identical. —

112. A. collina (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 220) foliis fasciculatis
trigonis rigidis mucronato-pungentibus glabris, floribus brevissime
pedicellatis solitariis, calycis glabri subcarnosi laciniis subulato-
acuminatis tubo longioribus, vexillo villoso carinam glabram
arcuato-subrostratam vix superante, ovario 4-ovulato, legumine
oblique ovato turgido.—A. versicolor, E. Mey.? Comm. p. 48.—
Frutieulus rigide tortuoso-ramosissimus. Folia vulgo 2 lin. longa,
basi præsertim crassa, mucrone brevi. Flores ad apices ramulo-
rum brevium interdum vix evolutorum semper solitarii videntur.

Hills near Port Elizabeth, in Uitenhage, Ecklon and Zeyher!
and if Drèges plant be the same, in Groote Zwartebergen. It is
also among Bowie’s plants.

113. A. juniperina (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 583), and 114, A. /ri-
gona (Thunb. 1. c.), must be near the preceding, but I cannot
recognise either of them among those I have seen.

115. A. abietina (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 583), foliis fasciculatis
carnosis trigonis aristato-pungentibus glabris, floribus sessilibus
solitariis geminisve, calycis subcarnosi glabri laciniis basi ovatis
subulato-acuminatis tubo longioribus, petalis glabris subzequi-
longis, carina arcuata obtusa, ovario 6-ovulato. Frutex rigide
ramosissimus, ramulis crassis tomentosis. Folia valde inæqualia,
exteriora sepe 4-5 lin. longa. Flores intra fasciculos laterales
solitarii, v. ad apices ramulorum gemini, 5-6 lin. longi, fere

462

638 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

A. aridæ. Bracteolæ lato-ovatæ carinatæ, mucronato-pungentes.

In the Groote Zwartebergen, and on the Krom river, Drège !—
Thunberg’s description agrees sufficiently well for me to follow
E. Meyer in considering this as his plant.

§ 3. Floribus solitariis plerisque lateralibus, foliis muticis.

116. A. arida (E. Mey.! Linnea, 7. p. 156), glaberrima v.
rarius appressa puberula, foliis fasciculatis lineari-teretibus muticis,
floribus solitariis breviter pedicellatis, calycis latissime campanu-
lati glabri earnosuli laciniis e basi latissima lanceolato-acuminatis
tubo subæquilongis, petalis glabris latis subæquilongis, ovario
biovulato, legumine oblique ovato-rhombeo corolla marcescente
incluso.—a. erecta, E. Mey.! inermis, caule ramisque elongatis
erectis, foliis brevioribus, corollis minoribus, (3-4 lin.) bracteolis
linearibus.—A. pinguis, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum, p. 220, ex Dr. non
Thunb.—8. procumbens, E. Mey.! rigidior, spinescens, ramulis
brevioribus, foliis longioribus, floribus majoribus (4-5 lin.) brac-
teolis lanceolatis.—A. spinescens. DO. Prod. 2. p. 138? non
Thunb.—y. grandiflora, inermis, foliis crassioribus, floribus maxi-
mis (5-6 lin. longis). — Frutex divaricato-ramosissimus, ramis
ultimis numerosis brevibus et sæpe presertim in var. 8. in spinam
abeuntibus. Calli sub foliis prominentes, sæpe acuti at vix acu-
leati. Folia longitudine et crassitie valde variabilia uti magnitudo
florum, ita ut species a Preslio distincte (Cyphocalyx major et
minor), primo intuitu diversissimæ videantur, intermediis tamen
numerosis junguntur. Fasciculi floriferi omnes laterales uniflori.
Calyx nervus dorsalis in hae specie magis quam in affinibus incras-
satus duplex et basi subsaccatus. !

Cape and neighbouring districts, in the collections of Drege!
Zeyher! (n. 420). Burchell! (n. 15). Paterson | Bowie | Scholl V
Harvey! Alexander! etc. It is, therefore, probably some one of
Thunberg’s, though I am unable to identify it with any of his
descriptions.

117. A. pachyloba, sp. n., ramis crassis tomentoso-villosis, foliis
fasciculatis brevibus carnosis vix mucronatis glabris, floribus «os
tariis sessilibus lateralibus, calycis glabri v. puberuli laciniis lan- —

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 639

ceolatis acutis tubo brevioribus v. vix æquilongis, vexillo basi
dorso hirto carinam glabram vix superante, ovario postice ciliato
biovulato, legumine oblique rhombeo crassissimo glabro.— Species
distinctissima, hine habitu Zateralibus, hine floribus Carnosis
affinis. Rami elongati, dense foliati. Folia incurvo-patentia,
circa 2 lin. longa. Flores secus ramos numerosi, intra fasciculos
arete sessiles, bracteis parvis. Calyces 2 lin. longi, siccitate
fuscescentes. ^ Corolla fere 4 lin. longa, nunc fere omnino glabra,
nunc vexillo plus minus hirtello. Legumen crasso-carnosum,
3 lin. longum et latum.

- Mountains of Swellendam behind Kochmanskloof, Mundt. |
Zeyher! n. 2354, Gnadenthal Alexander! also in the collections of
Bowie! Scholl! and Burchell p. 1861).

118. A. pallescens (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 210), gathered by
Mundt on the mountains of Plettenbergs bay in George district,
appears from the character given to be near A. pachyloba.

Serres X. Pineues. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona.
Flores (parvi) laterales, solitarii, sessiles v. breviter pedicellati.
Petala glabra v. rarius sericea. Legumen glabrum v. sericeum, non
turgidum, exsertum, oblique lanceolatum.— Folia vulgo carnosula
obtusa v. vix mucronata, rarius sericea. Flores quam in Car-
nosis multo minores. Calyx nunc turbinatus nunc latiuscule .
campanulatus, dentes breves v. rarius elongati subfoliacei. Carina
valde arcuata. Species a Lateralibus differunt legumine nec tur-
gido nec villoso, a Leptanthis carina arcuata et legumine pea
a seriebus subsequentibus inflorescentia.

ilo Donne, conii il:

119. A. verrucosa (Linn! Spec. p. 1001), foliis fasciculatis lon-
giuscule lineari-teretibus vix mucronatis carnosis glabris, floribus
breviter pedicellatis lateralibus folio brevioribus, calycis subglabri
dentibus tubo multo brevioribus, petalis glabris, ovario 4-ovulato,
legumine oblique lato lanceolato leviter puberulo.—A. succulenta,
E. Mey. Linnea 7. p. 159.—A. tuberculata, Walp. Linnea 13.
p. 497.— Rami post folia delapsa callis prominentibus tomentosis
verrucosi. Folia semipollicaria v. etiam longiora, numerosa, in-

640 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

curva. Flores 3 lin. longi. Calyx latiuscule et oblique campanu-
latus, sesquilinearis. Vexillum late ovatum. Carina arcuato-sub-
rostrata. Legumen exsertum, reflexo-patens, 6 lin. longum.

Hills near Caledon and Hottentotsholland, Ecklon and Zeyher,
Drege; gathered also by Masson! Wallich ! and others. Lin-
neus’s name is commonly attributed to a very different species
(A. Willdenowiana), with which his short character agrees
almost as well as with this one, which his herbarium proves to be
‘the one he had in view.

120. A. pinguis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 580), foliis fasciculatis
brevibus vix mucronatis carnosis glabris, floribus subsessilibus
solitariis lateralibus, calycis glabri oblique campanulati dentibus
tubo multo brevioribus, petalis glabris, vexillo basi calloso, ovario
postice ciliato 6-ovulato, legumine oblique lato-lanceolato.— Frutex
laxe ramosus. “Rami uti in precedente post folia delapsa verru-
cosi. Folia 1-14 lin. longa. Flores magnitudine A. spinose v.
paullo majores. Calyx 1 lin. longus, costis vix apparentibus.
Legumen patenti-reflexum, 5-6 lin. longum, sutura seminifera
incrassata.

Piquetberg and Gnadenthal, Drége! Oliphants river in Clan-
william, Zeyher! n. 439; Kamanassie hills, Alexander! also
Thom ! and a rather longer-leaved variety from Caledon, Mundt!
The plant referred to A. pinguis by Ecklon and Zeyher, is said vil
Drége to be the A. arida.

121. A. Mundtiana (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p- 220), gathered pa
Mundt in the hills near Swellendam, may very possibly be a mere
variety of A. pinguis.

122. A. affinis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 580), foliis fasciculatis
minimis carnosis obtusis demum glabratis, floribus lateralibus
subsessilibus solitariis, calycis oblique campanulati glabri denti- ,
bus tubo multo brevioribus, petalis glabris, vexillo basi calloso,
ovario glabro pluri- (6 ?) ovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato.—
A. minutifolia, Vog. lin Walp. Linnæa 13. p. 500. Rami validi,
ramulis numerosis post flores delapsos interdum induratis at non
vere spinescentibus; cæterum hæc species valde affinis est
A. pingui, nisi foliis ovoideis vix semilineam longis.

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 641

Dry hills, Aasvogelberg and Kendo, Drége! also in the collec- -
tions of Mundt! Thom! Bowie! Burchell\ n. 1526, etc.

123. A. costulata, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis brevibus carnosis
obtusis demum glabris, floribus lateralibus sessilibus solitariis,
calycis campanulati glabriusculi dentibus triangularibus acutis
tubo brevioribus, petalis glabris, vexillo basi nudo, ovario glabri-
usculo pluri- (4-) ovulato, legumine oblique ovato-rhombeo pube-
rulo.— Habitus et folia A. pinguis, sed flores majores, ut videtur
rubentes nec flavi, calyx 12 lin. longus, sepius rubens, costis 15
parallelis prominulis et glandulis subpellucidis obscuris nota-
tus. Legumen eo A. pingwis multo brevius, maturum tamen
non vidi. `

Cape Colony, Scholl!

194. A. sanguinea (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 580) foliis fascicu-
latis brevibus carnosis obtusis glabris, floribus lateralibus subso-
litariis, pedicello calyce sublongiore, calycis turbinati glabri den-
tibus distantibus muticis tubo brevioribus, petalis glabris, alis
carina incurva multo brevioribus, ovario basi hirtello 4—6-ovulato.
— Frutex ramosissimus, habitu precedentibus affinis, sed facillime
distinctus floribus minoribus etiam in sicco sanguineis pedicello
lineam longo suffultis, calyce basi acuto, aliisque notis.

Cape Colony, Bowie!

125. A. nodosa (Vog. ex Walp. Linnea 13. p. 496) is un-
known to me, but said to be near A. sanguinea.

§ 2. Inermes, ovario biovulato.

126. A. adelphea (Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 212) foliis fascicu-
latis carnosulis subulatis obtusis glabris, floribus solitariis gemi-
nisve breviter pedicellatis, calycis glabri dentibus brevissimis,
petalis glabris, alis carina arcuata brevioribus, ovario biovulato,
legumine oblique lanceolato glabro calyce pluries longiore.—A.
iniqua, Eckl. Zeyh! Enum. p. 212, A. subtingens, Eckl. Zeyh!
l. c. et A. rubescens, Eckl. Zeyh. l. c. p. 213.—Habitus A. pin-
guis v. sæpius ramosior, ramulis minus robustis densius foliatis,
floribus numerosioribus. Flores fere A. sanguineæ sed lutei v.
aurantiaci, 23-3 lin. longi, pedicello vix semilineam longo fulti.

642 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

© Folia 1-2 lin. v. raro longiora, tenuiora quam in præcedentibus.
Vexilum vulgo obtusum. Legumen patens, 4 lin. longum,
sutura seminifera vix incrassata.

Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher! Burke! Zeyher ! n. 155!
also Mundt! Bowie! Burchell! n. 4286 and 4333.

127. A. microdon, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis brevibus teretibus
obtusis carnosulis glabris, floribus solitariis geminisve sessilibus
lateralibus, calycis glabri v. puberuli dentibus brevissimis distan-
tibus, petalis glabris, alis carina arcuato-subrostrata paullo brevi-
oribus, ovario puberulo biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato
subfalcato sparse pilosulo.—A. affinis, Eckl. Zeyh ! Enum. p. 212.
non Thunb.—A. pinguis, litt. c. E. Mey, in Dr! Pl. exs. et Comm.
p. 60.—Primo intuitu pro varietatem haberes A. pinguis om-
nibus partibus minorem, sed ovarium constanter biovulatum;
differt præterea habitu tenuiore, foliis vix lineam longis, floribus
minoribus. Vexillum acuminatum.

Swellendam hills on the Zondereinde, Kars river, ete., Beklen
and Zeyher! Zeyher, n. 2350! on the Klyn Fish river, Drège!

B? granulifera, foliis minoribus, calycis dentibus minutis. An
sp. propria? Ramuli numerosissimi tenues. Folia vulgo vix
i lin. longa, et inter omnia Aspalathorum minutissima, interdum
vero specimina occurrunt inter hanc et formam normalem inter-
media.

On the Kars river, Mundt! gathered also by Bowie!

128. A. recurva, sp. n., foliis fasciculatis brevibus obtusius-
culis carnosulis glabris, floribus solitariis lateralibus, pedicello foliis
sublongiore, calycis glabriuseuli laciniis triangularibus marginibus
incrassato-recurvis tubo equilongis, carina glabra alas vexillum-
que glabrum v. puberulum subsuperante, ovario postice ciliato
biovulato, legumine glaberrimo oblique ovato falcato-acuminato
calyce 2-3-plo longiore.— Frutex ramis divaricatis, floriferis post
flores delapsos persistentibus at mon spinescentibus. Folia
1-1; lin. longa. Flores 3-34 lin. longi. Calycis tubus late tur-
binatus, costis prominulis. "Vexillum ut in affinibus acuminatum.
Species calyce A. marginali et bicolori approximans, inflores-
centia tamen lateralis; ab A. Wurmbeana differt imprimis folis

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. . 643

laciniisque calycinis brevibus. Legumen 3 lin. longum, iis Car-
nosarum subsimile sed patentissimum v. deflexum.

Cape Colony, Paterson! Zeyher! n. 419.

129. A. Wurmbeana (E. Mey! Comm. p. 58) foliis laxe sub-
fasciculatis tenuibus carnosulis obtusiusculis glabris, floribus
breviter pedicellatis solitariis geminisve lateralibus, calycis pube-
ruli laciniis linearibus tubo turbinato longioribus, corollæ glabræ
vexillo carinaque alas excedentibus, ovario glabro biovulato.—
Quoad folia A./acfez et presertim A. incomte affinis, sed calyce
facile distincta. Folia pleraque 3-4 lin. longa. Calycis tubus -
+ lin. longus, lacinie linea paullo longiores, ut in A. recurva
foliaceæ, sed multo angustiores et margo recurvus vix apparet.

Wupperthal, Drège!

130. A. Zactea (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 580) foliis fasciculatis
lineari-teretibus subtrigonis obtusis mucronulatisve glabris, flora-
libus calyce longioribus, floribus 1-3-nis lateralibus breviter pedi-
cellatis, calycis late campanulati obliqui glabriusculi dentibus
tubo multo brevioribus, petalis glabris, vexillo carmaque alas supe-
rantibus, ovario glabro v. postice puberulo, legumine oblique ovato-
lanceolato calyce duplo longiore.—Rami virgati ramulosi. Folia
pleraque 2 lin. longa. Flores numerosi, pedicello vulgo 3-1 lin.
longo fulti, iis A. spinose subsimiles sed minores et albi. Legu-
men reflexum, 4-6 lin. longum, longiuscule acuminatum.

Mountains of Swellendam, Zeyher! n. 2348, Onderbokkeweld,
Drège! also in the collections of Thom! Scholl! and Burchell!
n. 6586.

131. A. incomta (Thunb? Fl. Cap. p. 579. fide E. Mey.)
foliis fasciculatis lineari-teretibus obtusiusculis pube minuta pal- -
lescentibus, floralibus calyces superantibus, floribus subsessilibus
solitariis lateralibus, calycis minute puberuli dentibus brevissimis,
vexillo sericeo carinaque glabra alas breviter superantibus.—Ex
specimine manco differre videtur ab A. /acfea habitu laxiore, foliis
presertim floralibus paullo longioribus, pedicellis brevissimis, pe-
talis sericeis. Nec ovarium nec legumen vidi.

Between Straat and Hex river, in Stellenbosch district, Drége!

132. A. /epida (E. Mey! Comm. p. 58) folis fasciculatis

VOL. VII. 4H

644 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

lineari-teretibus obtusis glabris pallidis, floribus lateralibus soli-
taris geminisve breviter pedicellatis, calycis puberuli dentibus
triangularibus acutis tubo multo brevioribus, petalis sericeo-pu-
bentibus, vexillo suborbiculato carma longiore, ovario pubescente
biovulato.—Rami elongati. Folia 1-2 lin. longa, crassiuscula,
carnosula, in fasciculis dissitis pauca subcanescentia at non ut in
sequente sericea. Flores fere A. spinosa, 3 lin. longi, pedicello
1 lin. longo. Species hinc A. éncomte, hinc A. spinosa, valde
affinis.

Sandy hills, about Piquetberg, Drège!

133. A. argyrea (DC. Prod. 2. p. 139) tota tomento brevissimo
incano-sericea, foliis fasciculatis lineari-teretibus muticis, floribus
sessilibus solitariis lateralibus, calycis turbinati dentibus tubo bre-
vioribus, petalis pubescentibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique
ovato-lanceolato acuto sericeo.—Species tomento sericeo ei A.
niveæ simili inter affinibus facile distincta, ab hae specie differt
imprimis pedicellis calyce brevioribus (nec pluries longioribus).
Folia 2-3 lin. longa. Flores magnitudine A. spinose. Legumen
6 lin. longum, 2-24 lin. latum, forma ei A. spinose similis, sed
dense sericeo-pubescens. :

Uitenhage district, Heklon and Zeyher | Alexander! Langekloof,
Drège, also in Thom’s' collection.

$ 3. Spinescentes.

134. A. spinescens (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 584), ramulis spines-
centibus, foliis brevissimis obtusis carnosis subglabris, floribus
solitariis lateralibus breviter pedicellatis, calycis dentibus brevis- -
simis obtusis, vexillo carinaque puberulis alas superantibus, ovario
glabro biovulato.— Folia A. affinis, a qua distinguitur spinis et
ovario. Flores vix 3 lin. longi, pedicello lineam longo folia
floralia fere semper superante.

Sandy hills of Grœnekloof, Cape district, Drége! 1 have fol-
lowed E. Meyer in considering this plant as Thunberg's A. spi-
nescens, the one so called by De Candolle appears to be rather the
A. arida.

135. A. spinosa (Linn.! Spec. p. 1000), glabra v. tenuissime -
canescens, ramulis spinescentibus, foliis fasciculatis lineari-teretibus

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 645

muticis, floribus solitariis brevissime pedicellatis, calycis dentibus
tubo suo brevioribus, vexillo ovali apice vix pubescente alas cari- -
namque glabras subeequante, ovario biovulato, legumine sericeo-
pubescente acuminato calyce 2—3-plo longiore.—Frutex divaricato-
ramosus, foliis vulgo circa 3 lin. longis tenuibus, Fasciculi vulgo
ramulum abortivum fovent spinescentem nunc brevem aphyllum
nunc elongatum foliatum apice spinescentem ; rarius spine om-
nino desunt. Flores 3-3, lin. longi, rarius 4 lin. Legumen
3-4 lin. longum, plus minus pubescens. Variat preterea foliis
brevioribus longioribusve, tenuibus v. incrassato-carnosis v. hinc
inde dilatatis subplanis.

8. flavispina, glabrior, folis tenuioribus, dentibus calycinis
brevissimis, vexillo breviore, legumine paullo longiore glabriore.
—A. spinosa, litt. c. E. Mey. in Dr. Pl. exs. et Comm. p. 59.—
A. flavispina, Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 126, absque char.

y? inermis, E. Mey.! Comm. p. 59.

8? horrida, foliis crassis subdilatatis, legumine breviore villo-
siore.—A. horrida, Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 221.

À very common species, having the widest range of any of the
genus, from the neighbourhood of Cape town, whence it is sent in
most collections, through almost every district to Port Natal,
Drège! Krauss.! n. 166.

136. A. glauca (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 221), from Swellendam
district, may possibly be one of the numerous forms of A. spinose.

Serres X. TERMINALES. Folia fasciculata, teretia v. trigona
rarius solitaria v. terna, non v. vix carnosa. Flores ad apices
ramulorum solitarii gemini v. racemulosi. Petala sericea v. gla-
bra. Calyx turbinatus v. rarius latiuscule campanulatus. Legu-
men oblique lanceolatum, glabrum v. sericeum nec turgidum.—
Series fere ab omnibus inflorescentia differt, a Carnosis nonnullis
tamen potius habitu quam characteribus distingueres. Flores
vulgo parvi, in speciebus paucis mediocres v. etiam in A. astrovą
majuseuli. Carina valde arcuata. Species nonnullas anomalas
hic enumeravi quas nullibi melius collocare potui. In A. 4yard-
hiana scil. folia plana et ovula plurima ; in $ 5 folia sæpe solitaria,
et in § 6 inflorescentia inter terminales laterales subintermedia.

4H 2

646 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

$ 1. Foliis subfascieulatis glaberrimis, floribus ad apices ramu-
lorum brevium v. viz evolutorum solitariis subgeminisve.

137. A. filifolia (E. Mey.! Linnea, 7. p. 158), foliis subulatis
mucronatis, calycis laciniis setaceo-acuminatis tubo plus duplo
longioribus,vexillo carinaque arcuata recte et longiuscule rostrata
alas subduplo superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique
lanceolato glabro calyce longiore.—A. retroflexa, Eckl. Zeyh.!
Enum. p. 204, non Linn.—Paraspalathus crocea, Presl. Bot. Bem.
p- 134.—Fruticulus laxe ramosus, glaberrimus, ramis sæpe ruben-
tibus. Folia 1-5-na, valde inæqualia, longiora sepe semipollica-
ria. Inflorescentia irregularis. Flores 4-5 lin. longi, etiam sic-

citate crocei v. aurantiaci forma carine et alis brevibus insignes. ——

Legumen 5 lin. longum, fere erectum. “ae

Table mountain, Cape district, Ecklon and Zeyher! Zeyher, -
n. 418! Wallich! Harvey !

138. A. fornicata, sp. n., foliis subulati$ carinatis v. margine
recurvis mucronatis, calycis laciniis setaceo-acuminatis tubo sub-
longioribus, vexillo earinaque fornieata valde incurva subrostrata
alas superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato
glabro calyce longiore.— Similis quidem A. filifolia, sed ob carinæ
formam vix cum ea jungenda. Rami vulgo rigidiores, folia cras-
siora, dentes calycini breviores.

Table mountain, Mundt! Thom! The form of the keel is
usually so constant in Leguminose, that I have always considered
it as a good specific character; I have, however, some doubts
whether it may not be occasionally variable in Aspalathus.

§ 2. Foliis fasciculatis glabris sericeisve, floribus intra folia
summa sessilibus solitariis geminisve. :

139. A. retroflexa (Linn. Spec. p. 1001), diffusa, foliis fascicu-
latis subulatis acutis glabriusculis, floralibus calyce multo breviori-
bus, floribus subgeminis sessilibus, calycis puberuli laciniis her-
baceis acutis tubo longioribus, corolla brevioribus petalis glabris,
ovario villoso biovulato, legumine lanceolato sericeo-pubescente
calyce duplo longiore.—A. ga/ioides, Berg. Pl. Cap. p. 210, E.
Mey. in Dr. ! pl. exs. ex parte. —Rami elongati, ramulis numerosi
brevibus. Foliorum fasciculi presertim in ramulis floralibus

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA, 647

distincti v. distantes. Folia 2-3 lin. longa. Flores 4 lin. longi,
siccitate crocei v. aurantiaci, vexillum calloso-acuminatum.

Cape district, in most collections. This is generally considered
as the A. retroflexa of Linnæus (except by Ecklon and Zeyher, who
gave that name to the A. filifolia), and agrees with his character.
The specimen in his herbarium is, however, marked “ A. levigata
(galioides, Berg)” the former name he never published, and his
own galioides appears to me to be distinct.

140. A. bicolor (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 205), from the Cape
Flats, appears from their description to be closely allied to A.
retroflexa and galioides, if not identical with one of them.

141. A. galioides (Linn.! Mant. p. 260) diffusa, foliis fascicu-
latis subulatis acutis glabris, floralibus calyce vix brevioribus,
floribus subgeminis sessilibus, calycis glabriusculi laciniis herba-
ceis acutis tubo costato duplo longioribus corollam glabram
æquantibus, ovario glabro biovulato.—A. galioides var. foliosa,
E. Mey.! in Dr. PL exs.—Affinis quidem A. reéroflexa,
differt tamen non solum foliis numerosis densis, floralibus
longioribus, sed etiam corollis intra folia floralia et calycis
lacinias subnumerosis, ovario fructuque glabris. Vexillum acute
acuminatum uti carina alas superat.

Cape, Stellenbosch, and Swellendam districts, frequent from
Cederbergen, Drège; to Gnadenthal, Alewander! In the collec-
tions also of Masson! Nelson! Forster | Bowie! Burchell! n. 12
and 7554, Pappe! &c. Among Drègés plants the tickets of
E. Meyers two varieties (A. retroflexa and A. galioides) appear
in some sets to have been transposed by some accident. ——

142. A. marginalis (Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 213) ramosissima,
foliis subfasciculatis subulatis carnosulis obtusis mucronulatisve
glabris, floribus subsessilibus solitariis geminisve, calycis cano-
puberuli laciniis herbaceis lanceolatis acutis reflexo-marginatis
tubo longioribus flore glabro dimidio brevioribus, ovario villoso
biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato sericeo calyce duplo
longiore.—Fruticulus ramis erectis laxisve sed non elongatis.
Folia vix 2 lin. longa. Flores magnitudine A. refrofleze sed
calycis laciniæ latiores et multo breviores marginibus incrassatis

648 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

reflexis et sic falso trinerves, et species idcirco a Preslio eum Syz-
petalis meis in genere suo Trineuria consociata. |

On the Zwartkops river in Uitenhage, Æcklon and Zeyher!
Zeyher, n. 38!

143. A. albens (Linn. Mant. p. 260?) glaber v. pube tenui
canescens, foliis fasciculatis lineari-teretibus mucrone brevi sub-
pungente, floribus solitariis paucisve sessilibus, calycis campanu-
lati pubescentis dentibus tubo brevioribus mucronatis, petalis -
pubescentibus, ovario glabro biovulato.—Specimina pauca vidi
fruticuli ramosissimi habitu A. rwbenti subsimilis, sed virens est
v. tenuiter canescens nec argenteo-nitens et flores villosiores vix
2 lin. longi.

Sandy hills, Cape district, Drége! This species requires further
elucidation, I describe it from imperfect specimens so named by
E. Meyer in Drége's collection, and there is reason to believe
correctly so, in so far as it was probably included by Linnzeus in
his A. albens, but the two specimens in his herbarium appear to
be A. armata and A. candicans. The latter requires further com-
parison with the present plant, and possibly they may turn out to
be forms of one species which would then take Linnæus’s name
of A. albens.

144. A. rubens (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 576) foliis fasciculatis
brevibus tenuibus albo-sericeis incurvis, floribus subsessilibus
solitariis geminisve, calycis turbinati tomentosi dentibus tubo
multo brevioribus, petalis sericeis, carina obtusa, ovario biovulato,
legumine oblique lanceolato sericeo-villoso.—Fruticulus ramulis
numerosis tenuibus. Folia 1-1} lin. longa, pube argentea niten-
tia. Flores 3 lin. longi.

Van Staadenshills, Uitenhage, Drège ! Zeyher, n. 311 ! Sidbury,
Burke ! also Bowie! Burchell! n. 4642.

$ 3. Foliis fasciculatis glabris puberulisve, floribus ad apices
ramulorum. pedicellatis 2-8-nis v. breviter racemulosis, ramulis
sæpe spinescentibus.

145. A. astroites (Linn. Spec. p. 1000) folis fasciculatis
subulato-teretibus subtrigonis mucronato-pungentibus rigidis
patentibus demum glabratis, floribus racemoso-capitatis, calycis

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 649

late campanulati puberuli laciniis subulato-pungentibus tubo
paullo longioribus, vexillo puberulo carinam glabram arcuato-
rostratam æquante, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique et late
lanceolato glabro v. vix puberulo.—A. speciosa, Steud. Flora,
1830, p. 544.— Habitus foliorum et flores fere Lateralium $ 1,
sed inflorescentia et legumen potius Zerminalium. Rami robusti
floribundi, ramulis brevibus. Folia juniperina, in fasciculo valde
inzqualia, majora semipolliearia. Flores 4-5 lin. longi. Legu-
men semipollicare, durum, sutura seminifera incrassata.

Cape and Stellenbosch districts, in most collections.

146. A. acicularis (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 46) spinescens, foliis
fasciculatis patentibus tenuiter lineari-trigonis rigidulis mucronato- .
pungentibus glabris, floribus 1—3-nis breviter pedicellatis, calycis
pubescentis laciniis aristato-subulatis tubo vix longioribus, vexillo
pubescente, carina glabriuscula, legumine oblique lanceolato

-glabro.—Inter A. astroitem et A. acuminatam fere media. Habitus
hujus, sed folia multo longiora ut in A. astroiti juniperina et
inæqualia, sæpe 8-4 lin. longa. Flores et fructus iis A. aséroitis
multo minores.

Cape district, sandy hills at Ebenezer, and thence to the Kamies-
bergen, Drège! Harvey! This is probably the plant which E.
Meyer alludes to (without describing) in the Linnea, v. 7. p.
161, under the name of A. racemosa.

147. A. secunda (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 47) spinescens, foliis
fasciculatis lineari-teretibus mucronulatis glabris, floribus racemu-
losis, calycis hirtelli dentibus aristato-mucronatis tubo turbinato
subbrevioribus, vexillo carinaque arcuato-rostrata sericeis alas
superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato seri-
ceo-pubescente.—A. pungens, Eckl. Zeyh. ! Enum. p. 220 non
Thunb.—Folia fere A. incomte, v. A. spinosæ, tenuiora tamen
et inflorescentia diversa. Frutex ramosissimus, ramulis brevibus.
Folia majora 2-4 lin. longa. Racemi 3-5-flori. Flores 4 lin. longi.

Clanwilliam district near Brackfontein, Æcklon, Zeyher! Rie-
bekskasteel, Drôge / also in Bowie’s/ collection, with shorter
leaves, and apparently the same from Caledon, Alexander! This

may possibly be the true A. corrudafolia of Bergius.

^e

650 LEGUMINOSAE INDIGENOUS TO

148. -A. genistoides (Limn.! Mant. p. 261) inermis, foliis
fasciculatis lineari-teretibus submuticis glabriusculis, floribus
racemulosis, calycis glabriusculi dentibus subaristatis tubo tur-
binato brevioribus, petalis puberulis, carina longe et recte ros-
trata alas superante.—Habitu A. secunde et A. divaricatæ accedit.
Folia vulgo longiora, sæpe 3—4 lin. longa, ramulorum tamen
vix lineam adæquant. Flores ab omnibus differunt carina ad
angulum fere rectum curvata, ultra curvaturam in rostrum rectum
obtusum 3 lin. longum producta.

I have only seen this in the Linnæan and Banksian herbaria ;
one of Linnæus’s specimens, however, belongs to A. divaricata.

149. A. acuminata (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 287) spinescens, foliis
subfasciculatis brevissimis trigonis obtusis v. mucronato-acutis
glabriusculis, floribus solitariis 2-3-nisve breviter pedunculatis,
calycis turbinati puberuli dentibus aristato-mucronatis tubo bre-
vioribus, vexillo ovato carinaque arcuato-rostrata sericeis alas
superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato cane-
scenti-puberulo.—Frutex divaricato-ramosissimus ramulis spine-
scentibus horridus. Folia vulgo linea breviora. Racemorum
rhachis fere semper spinescit. Flores 3 lin. longi.

Cape district, Ecklon and Zeyher! Drège ! and others.

150. A. subinermis, ramulis tenuibus rigidulis vix spinescenti-

bus, foliis fasciculatis parvis tenuibus mucronatis muticisve glabris,

floribus solitariis 2-3-nisve breviter pedicellatis, calycis puberuli
dentibus brevibus mucronatis aristatisve, vexillo ovato carinaque
arcuato-rostrata puberulis alas breviter superantibus, ovario biovu-
lato, legumine oblique lanceolato canescenti-puberulo.—A. acumi-
nata B subinermis, E. Mey. ! Comm. p. 46 excl. syn. Thunb.—
Affinis quidem A. acuminata, et forte preemonente Meyero ejus
mera varietas, sed mihi diversa videtur ramulis non vere spines-
centibus, foliis tenuioribus, floribus glabrioribus, dentibus caly-
cinis brevioribus.

Cape district, Drege! Scholl. ! Wallich !

151. A. microphylla (DC. Prod. 2. p. 143) foliis subfascicu-
latis brevibus lineari-trigonis acutis glabris exterioribus basi in-
crassato-trigonis, floribus solitariis geminisve breviter pedicellatis,

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 651

calycis turbinati glabriusculi dentibus lanceolatis acutissimis tubo
vix æquilongis, vexillo orbiculato sericeo carinaque arcuato-ros-
trata glabra alas superantibus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique
ovato-lanceolato pilosulo calyce duplo longiore—A. divergens,
Willd. ex E. Mey! Comm. p. 45.—A. Zeptocoma, Eckl. Zeyh.
Enum. p. 205 fide Walp. et Drége.—Rami virgati, tenues, elon-
gati, divaricati v. diffusi. Folia nunc solitaria appressa fere lineam
longa, sepius tamen adduntur 2—4 exteriora multo minora. Flores
3 Iin. longi.

Cape and neighbouring districts, Heklon and Zeyher! Drege!
Zeyher, n. 438! Pappe! Mundt.\ Burchell! n. 921, Ales-
ander, etc.

152. A. divaricata (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 582) foliis brevibus
fasciculatis teretibus v. trigonis mucronulatis glabris v. vix pube-
rulis, floribus breviter pedunculatis racemosis subsolitariisve, calycis
glabriusculi dentibus tubo multo brevioribus, vexillo orbiculato
puberulo v. glabro carinaque arcuata alas angustas vix superanti-
bus, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato adpresse pube-
rulo v. glabro calyce pluries longiore.—A. galioides, Sieb.? PI.
Cap. exs. non alior.—Hiabitus fere A. microphyllæ sed rami ma-
gis flexuosi sæpe intricati. Folia in fasciculo vulgo plurima, car-
nosula, raro linea longiora. Flores magnitudine A. microphylla.

Table Mountain, Cape district, Ecklon and Zeyher, Harvey!
Sieber ! and apparently the same from Uitenhage, Zeyher, n. 310!
also in the collections of Bowie! and Burchell! n. 784, and is one
of the specimens marked A. genistoides in the Linnæan Her-
barium.

153. A. vermiculata (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 288) foliis fasciculatis
minimis obtusis glabris puberulisve, floribus subgeminis breviter
pedicellatis, calycis pubescentis dentibus brevissimis, corolle
sericeo-pubescentis alis carinam superantibus vexillo paullo brevi-
oribus, ovario villosulo biovulato, legumine oblique lanceolato. -
—A. sanguinea, Eckl, Zeyh! Enum. 212, non Thunb.—A. micro-
Phylla, Steud. Flora 1830. p. 545, non DC.—Habitu primo in-
tuitu A. affini approximatur, sed ramuli floriferi semper plus
minus evoluti. Frutex est ramosissimus, floribundus. Folia vix

VOL. VIL 41 .

652 LEGUMINOSA INDIGENOUS TO

unquam lineam longa, sepius multo breviora. Flores 3-4 lin.
longi, sericei, rubentes.

Langekloof in George district, Heklon and Zeyher !

B sericea, foliis calycibusque dentibus longioribus, floribus
magis sericeis, ovario villosiore.—1In Zhom’s! collection.

$ 4. Foliis fasciculatis ternisve incano-sericeis, floribus im
racemo v. spica terminali subsessilibus.

154. A. Agardhiana (DC? Prod. 2. p. 143) tota pube bre-
vissima sericeo-incana, foliis ternis auguste linearibus acutis planis,
racemulis terminalibus paucifloris, calycis incano-sericei dentibus
ovatis acutis tubo brevioribus, petalis villosis, ovario villoso 4-
ovulato.—Specimen unicum vidi mancum habitu alienum sed ad
Aspalathos characteribus referendum. Tota planta more 4rgy-
rolobiorum sericea. Folia 6 lin. v. longiora, vulgo terna, e callo
tomentoso more Aspalathorum mata. Calyces subsessiles, 2 lin.
longi. Corolla duplo longior.

From a single specimen in the Herbarium of the late W. For-
syth, gathered probably by Paterson.

155. A. armata (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 577) foliis fasciculatis sub-
ulatis mucronato-pungentibus submuticisve sericeo-albis v. demum *
glabratis, floribus in racemo v. spica foliis longiore subsessilibus,
calycis villosi dentibus acuminatis tubo vix brevioribus, petalis
villosis vix calyce longioribus, ovario biovulato, legumine breviter
oblique lanceolato turgido tomentoso.—Buchenradera teretifolia,
Eckl. Zeyh.! Enum. p. 196.—Foliis approximatur A. niveæ et
A. argyrec, pleraque 3 lin. longa sunt v. exteriora longiora, callo
prominulo. Racemi semipollicares ad pollicares, floribus 3-6
secundis. Calyces 14 lin. longi. Petala ratione calycis breviora
quam in omnibus Aspalathis. Legumen turgidior quam in cæte-
ris Terminalibus, 3 lin. longum, patens v. demum reflexum.

Bergvalley in Clanwilliam district, Ecklon and Zeyher | Droge! s
Table mountain, Harvey !—also Masson !

$ 5. Foliis solitariis v. vie fasciculatis glabriusculis, racemis
irregulariter paucifloris.

156. A. corymbosa (E. Mey.! Linnea 7. p. 159) foliis solita-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 653

riis subfasciculatisve elongatis lineari-teretibus rigidis glabris pu-
berulisve, floribus breviter pedicellatis paucis corymboso-racemosis,
calycis turbinati puberuli dentibus lanceolatis tubo brevioribus,
vexillo pubescente carinam pubescentem æquante, ovario biovu-
lato, legumine longe lanceolato vix puberulo.—A. cognata, Presl.
Bot. Bem. p. 126.— Partes novelle pube subsericea canescunt,
planta demum glabrescit. Folia quam in sequente crassiora,
valde inæqualia, mucronulata, sepe pollicaria v. longiora. Ra-
cemi brevissimi subcorymbiformes. Calyces 1 lin. longi, pedicello
l-2-lineari. Corolla 3 lin. Legumen 7-8 lin. longum, prope
basin 14 lin. latum.

Cape district, from the Table mountain to the Cederbergen,
Ecklon! Zeyher! Dróge| Mundt! Harvey! Burchell! n. 917,
8128, Wallich! and many others.

157. A. tenuifolia (DC. Prod. 2. p. 143) foliis solitariis sub-
fasciculatisve longe subulato-teretibus rigidis glabris, floribus paucis
interrupte racemosis, calycis vix puberuli turbinati dentibus tubo
pluries brevioribus, vexillo puberulo carinam valde arcuatam gla-
bram superante.— Folia pollicaria v. longiora, acicularia, sæpe
. solitaria v. uno exteriore ceteris longiore. Calyces valde obliqui,
2 lin. longi, pedicello 2-3-lineari. Racemi laxi, floribus perpaucis
dissitis.

Piquetberg, Cape district, Drége !

Serres XII. Prpuncunata. Folia terna v. fasciculata, plana
v. lineari-subulata. Flores ad apicem pedunculi elongati capil-
laris solitarii v. pauci.—Pedunculus nunc e fasciculo foliorum
laterali oritur, nunc ad apicem ramuli plus minus evoluti, v. ramulo
excurrente lateralis et extra-axillaris evadit.

$ 1. Foliis ternis v. subfasciculatis, pedunculis. terminalibus
ramealibus v. rarius lateralibus ovario pluri-ovulato.

158. A. capillaris, diffusa, subglabra, ramulis tenuibus,
foliis 1-3-nis fasciculatisve lineari-subulatis subplanis acutissimis,
pedunculis capillaribus unifloris, calycis dentibus setaceis tubo
turbinato sublongioribus, ovario sessili 6-ovulato, legumine lance-
olato.—Ononis capillaris, Thunb. Fl Cap. p. 585. A. pedun-

412

654 LEGUMINOS& INDIGENOUS TO

culata, litt. b. E. Mey. in Dr.! Pl. exs. et Comm. p. 64.—Rami
tenues, ramulis filiformibus intricatis, et tota planta in hac binis-
que speciebus sequentibus siccitate nigrescit. Folia valde inæqua-
lia, majora semipollicara. Pedunculi pollicares v. longiores.
Bracteæ sub flore binz opposite setaceæ. Flores 4 lin. longi,
primo intuitiu Lotum quemdam tenellum referunt. Vexillum .
late orbiculatum, carina multo longius.

Summit of the Table mountain, Cape district, Thunbery! Drège !
Harvey! Cayley Alexander ! etc.

159, A. pedunculata (Lhér. Sert. Angl. t.26) diffusa v. sub-
erecta, ramosissima, puberula v. glabrescens, foliis fasciculatis rarius
1-3-nis lineari-subulatis subteretibus acutiusculis, pedunculis

1-3-floris, calycis dentibus tubo turbinato subæquilongis, ovario —

sessili 6-ovulato, legumine lanceolato.—Bot. Mag. t. 344.—A.
biflora, E. Mey. Comm. p. 64.—Acropodium suffruticosum, Desv.
Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. Ser. 1. v. 9. p. 408.— Habitus A. bracteata
sed minus erecta, etsi rigidior et major quam A. capillaris. Folia
quam in utraque vulgo longiora et crassiora. Species ceterum ab
A. braeteata facillime distinguitur ovario et legumine sessilibus, -
ab A. capillari habitu, pedunculis brevioribus sepe 2-3-floris,
calyce majore, vexillo ratione carinæ minore.

Between Knoflockskraal and Kleinhouhoek, Zeyher! n. 2362,
also from Pappe ! in Herb. Hook.

160. A. bracteata (Thunb. F1. Cap. p. 581), erecta, ramosissima,
vix puberula v. glabra, foliis fasciculatis rarius ternis lineari-sub-
ulatis subteretibus, pedunculis unifloris, calycis dentibus setaceis
tubo turbinato subæquilongis, ovario stipitato 3—4-ovulato, legu-
mine subfaleato acuminato, basi in stipitem longe angustato.—A.
pedunculata, litt. a. E. Mey. Comm. p. 64.—Frutex subdichotome
ramosissimus, ramulis tenuibus sed brevioribus quam in A. capil-
lari. Folia tenuia, subsemipollicaria, sepe incurva. Pedicelli
folia paullo tantum excedunt, apice ut in A. capil/ari bibracteati,
et flores etiam iis A. capillaris subsimiles, sed ovarium uti €t
legumen constanter stipite longiusculo fultum.

Cape district, Paarl and Draakenstein hills, Drège ! also Sieber!
n. 46, and other collections. ng

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 655

161. A. danata (E. Mey.! Comm. p. 64) foliis fasciculatis
ternisve linearibus acutissimis planis longe pilosis, pedunculis uni-
foris, calycis laciniis tubo duplo longioribus subulatis muticis,
vexillo hirsuto.— Flores ipse non vidi. Species habitu A. drae-
teate accedit, sed folia subplana, 6-8 lin. longa, uti rami pilis
longis mollibus barbata. Pedicelli superant in specimine meo fere
pollicares.

Piquetberg, Clanwilliam district, Drège !

162. A. falcata, sp. n., diffusa, laxe pilosa v. glabra, foliis
ternis subfasciculatisve lineari-lanceolatis utrinque acutis planis
lateralibus faleatis, peduneulis 1—3-floris, calycis dentibus tubo
turbinato brevioribus, ovario breviter stipitato sub 6-ovulato,
legumine longe laneeolato turgidulo.— Folia 6-9 lin. longa, 1-14
lin. lata, sepe undulata et falcato-incurva. Legumen fere Le-
beckia, 10-12 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum, vix obliquum, acutum,
turgidulum.

Tulbaghskloof, Zeyher, n. 436! also Wallich!

163. A. nivea (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 576) tota incano-sericea,
foliis fasciculatis lineari-subulatis muticis, pedunculis 1-3-floris,
calycis dentibus tubo vix æquilongis muticis, ovario 4-ovulato,
legumine sessili oblique lanceolato sericeo-incano.—Species inter
Pedunculatas indumento distinctissima. Folia dense fasciculata,
2-6 lin. longa, tenuia. Pedicelli 6-10 lin. longi. Legumen 8
lin. longum, prope basin 3 lin. latum.

Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher! Drege! Mundt! Alex-
ander! Burchell, n. 4287 |

§ 2. Foliis fasciculatis, pedunculis e fasciculo Joss ortis, |
ovario biovulato.

164. A. suffruticosa (DC. Prod. 2. p. 144) foliis fasciculatis
lineari-teretibus mucronatis viridibus glabris puberulisve, pedun-
culis 1—3-floris, calyce breviter dentato, vexillo pubescente cari-
nam glabram superante, ovario biovulato, legumine oblique lan-
ceolato adpresse puberulo.—A. refroffezee habitu ramorum approxi-
matur, sed pedunculi supra fascieulum ultimum foliorum semipol-
licares ad pollicares, tenues, aphylli. Folia patentia, incurva v.
recurva, vulgo 2-3 lin. longa. Flores 3-4 lin. longi. Legumen

656 LEGUMINOSÆ INDIGENOUS TO

longe et anguste lanceolatum sed obliquum, 8 lin. longum, turgi-
dulum.

Uitenhage district, Ecklon and Zeyher! Zeyher, n. 215! Aler-
ander! I know not why Presl refers Desvaux's Acropodium to
this species, which has not the character on which Desvaux
founded his genus.

165. A. ulicina (Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 205) foliis fasciculatis
subulatis tenuissime spinescentibus rigidis stellatim patentibus, pe-
dunculis 2-4 floris, calycis puberuli dentibus subulato-spinescenti-
bustubo turbinato longioribus, petalis sericeis, vexillo alas superante
carina breviore, ovario biovulato, legumine appresse puberulo
oblique ovato-lanceolato acuto.—Folia rigida, acicularia, valde
inæqualia, pleraque semipollice breviora, extimo tamen sæpe 9-10
lin. longo, acumine longo tenuissimo sed pungente. Pedunculi
capillares, sesquipollicares, inferiores gradatim in ramulos floriferos
(sub floribus tamen nudos) abeunt. Pedicelli nune brevissimi,
nune lj lin. longi. Flores magnitudine A. spinosa.

Mountains near Tulbagh in Worcester district, Æeklon and
Zeyher ; Pikenierskloof, in Clanwilliam district, Ecklon and Zeyher !
n. 416. .

——— —

Besides Thunberg's synonyms above given, all of which require
verifying in his herbarium, there remain four of his species which
I have not yet mentioned, viz., A. acuminata, Thunb. Fl. Cap.
p. 573, a name changed to A. ambigua by De Candolle, and A.
obtusata, Thunb. l. c. p. 574, which, if Aspalathi at all, must be
near A. dasyantha and A. emula; A. squamosa, Thunb. l. c.
p. 581, a misprint for A. squarrosa, very near to, if not the same
as, A. bracteata, and A. subulata, Thunb. l. c. p. 583, a name ap-
plied in the Banksian and some other herbaria to the A. filifolia,
but the description seems to me to apply rather to some one of
the pungent-leaved Carnos@, and at any rate the “ Folia vix semili-
neam longa” will not do for the A. filifolia. ;

There are also A. opaca, Eckl. Zeyh. Enum. p. 215, A. ramu-
losa, E. Mey. Linnea, 7, p. 162, and A. alternifolia, Spreng-

SOUTHERN ASIA AND AFRICA. 657

Syst. 3, p. 187, all insufficiently described for approximation even
to other species.

Besides the several species of E. Meyer and others already
referred to Lotonosis, Lebeckia, and Buchenradera; A. laxata,
Linn., is Lotononis twvolucrata; A. mucronata, Linn., is a Viborgia;
A. orientalis, L., is Chronanthus orientalis, DC. (sub Cytiso),
A. pinnata, indica, and ebenus have already been referred, the

two former to Indigofera, the latter to Brya.

BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

Screntrric Misston To THIBET.
(Continued from p. 205.)

It is with much pleasure we continue the extracts from the
correspondence of Dr. Thomas Thomson. His last letter was
dated from the Nubra Valley, a division, says Mr. Thornton, in
his Gazetteer, of Ladakh, or Middle Thibet; a singularly wild
tract, on the south side of the Karakorum mountains, or eastern
part of the Hindoo Koosh, bounded on the north, the east, and
the south sides, by the Shy-Yok, or river of Nubra, which, rising
in the Nubra Tsuh Lake, or glacier, embosomed in the mountain
joins the Indus above and east of Iskardoh. The lowest part of
this tract was estimated by Vigne to be more than 11,000 feet
above the level of the sea. Dr. Thomson’s next letter is dated

“ Tskardoh,* Nov. 23, 1847.

“I have been putting off writing from day to day, in hopes

that I should get such letters from Kashmir, as would tell me

* Capital of Bultistan ; latitude thirty-five degrees ten minutes, longitude seventy-
five degrees twenty-seven minutes.—Thornton’s Gazetteer.

-

658 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

of my future movements, and in which direction I shall wend my
way. However, though two despatches have arrived, they have
contained only newspapers, so that I infer an intermediate packet
has gone astray. This want of information, however, completely
puts it out of my power to tell you anything of my future
motions; and I do not know whether I shall find myself in a con-
dition to write you regularly or not for the next month or two.

* My last letter was from Nubra, dated the twentieth ult. The
course of my journey from that date has been simple enough. I
followed the course of Shayük river the whole way to its junction
with the Indus, and thence along the united stream to this place,
surveying as I went along, so as to lay down the course of the river.
I was rather unfortunate in weather; the end of autumn being
the unsettled season in this part of the world, and I had dull
cloudy weather almost the whole way. Occasionally it cleared up
for a day or two, but the clouds soon returned, while much snow
fell on the mountains all round: but I have had the good luck
to get down without having any myself, except a very slight fall
on two occasions, just enough to whiten the ground. The snow
seems to avoid the valleys even when of no great breadth. The
great elevation of the mountains is doubtless the cause. The valley
of the Shayük presents few features of interest, the mountains are
- bare, rugged, and desolate. At Nubra and one or two other
places the valley of the river is wide and and gravelly, but in
general it is very narrow; the mountains closing on the river.
The road was, in consequence, frequently difficult. Where pro-
jecting rocks jutted into the river, and were impassable at the base, _
there were deep ascents over rather awkward-looking places.
There are numerous villages along the banks, generally with a great
quantity of fruit trees. The Apricot everywhere most abundant, as
were Walnuts, Mulberries and other fruit trees, the numbers of
these becoming greater as the elevation diminished. I saw a few
Vines occasionally, but nowhere in any quantity. During the last-
eight days Plane trees made their appearance. "The corn has of
course been long ago cut, and as the trees have now almost en- -
tirely lost their leaves, the appearance of the country is very

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 659

desolate. I arrived here on the 12th, and have been oceupying
myself as I best could, arranging my botanical and other collec-
tions, making observations to determine the latitude and longi-
tude, measuring the breadth, depth, and rapidity of the stream,
&e. Iam, however, very tired of the place, and anxious to get
away. The season of the year is much too advanced for plants,
and I have exhausted the geology as far as my limited knowledge
enables me to do so. The valley here is of great width, but
several high rocky hills lie in the middle. It was formerly an ex-
tensive lake, with several islands, the alluvial deposits are of con-
siderable thickness, and very plentiful ; they are also remarkable
for being very much distorted instead of perfectly level ; such is
their usual character. They generally consist of fine clay, but
sandy and gravelly beds also occur, non-fossiliferous, yet in one
place I found a few specimens of a Planorbis, and fragments of a
Lymnæa. All along the river there are proofs of the former
existence of lakes. Where the valley is wide, fine alluvial clays
oceur. In the narrow parts you find coarse conglomerate, the
boulders frequently of enormous size. Shells I only found in -
one place on my journey, in the third march from Nubra. In all
probability, however, they occur elsewhere; as of course my ex-
amination of the beds was of the most superficial nature.

“T am here about 7000 feet above the sea, water boiling a
little above 199°. For the first five or six days of my stay, the
weather was cloudy and dull. Since then there have been pretty
regularly, alternate fine and cloudy days. To-day is bright and
delightful. The thermometer stood at 16° at sunrise, which is
rather too cold for early rising: but the temperature, now that
the sun is well up, is delightful, though not much above 50° in
the shade. The mountains all round are tipped with snow.
There are a few Junipers upon them, looking like green tufts, but
otherwise, beyond the precincts of the village, there is no tree vegeta-
tion. This is a striking proof of the effects of climate ; for, although
at the elevation of Simla, there is not here a tree to be seen. The
distance from Kashmir is not a hundred miles in a straight line ;
yet there the sides of the mountains are a mass of forest. It is

VOL. VIL — 4 K

660 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

unfortunate that I am here so late, as, beyond this general fact, I
can do little in studying the vegetation, everything being quite
withered up. The few shrubs I am able to recognise are the
same which I have been accustomed to ever since I have been
in the dry climate, a Rose and Hippophae are the most abundant.
A Barberry is frequent and new to me, and I recognise withered
stems of several Gentians, of an /ris (common since Rutturin, ex-
cept at extreme heights), Prunella vulgaris, &c., Parnassia and a
few other plants. Veronica Anagallis and Beccabunga are found
. here as well as nearly all over the world.

* With regard to the water at great elevations, I cannot now make
observations on the presence of air, but shall not forget to examine
if Ireturn. Fishes, however, are plentiful at Haulé, 14,700 feet, of
great size, and little fellows of the dimensions of minnows I saw
considerably above 15,000 feet. I exclude the Pugha fish, which
is very large and flourishing at 15,500 feet and upwards, but
where the heat of the water from the hot springs produces an un-
natural state of things. At higher elevations, probably, the cold
of the water, which is generally from snow beds, is a sufficient
cause for the absence of fish. With regard to the other query, I
may observe I have specimens of Lichens from high elevations,
though I fear not enough for analytical purposes. I shall recol-
lect that point too, if I ascend high again.

“ Had the vegetation been more plentiful, I should have been
obliged to devote much more time to my journey down the
Shayük, as I found the work of surveying, especially at first, very
troublesome. I took a great deal of pains with it, regarding it
as of great importance; but counting one’s paces for five or SIX
hours, day after day, becomes very monotonous work at last. - I
had, however, little to distract my attention as I went along, so that
I did not feel the ennui so much as I should otherwise have done.

. With regard to the future, there are only two courses open to me ;

either to go into Kashmir, or to follow the course of the Indus down-
wards. The latter is what I wish to do, but I am not sure how far it
will be advisable; nor can the point be settled till I hear from
head quarters. If I go to Kashmir, I shall be in the way Ë —

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 661

writing regularly: if I go down the Indus, I shall write you a
few lines again before I leave this, so that you may have further
information.”

“ Dras, Dec. 15, 1847.

“ I write at present three lines to say that I left Iskardoh on
the 2nd for Kashmir; but on arriving here, the day before yes-
terday, find that it is impracticable to proceed further, and there-
fore I shall start to-day on my return to Iskardoh, to remain
there for the winter. The snow is three feet deep, and, on the
pass twenty miles a-head, indefinitely deep, so that I do not know
whether this note will be forwarded a fortnight or a month hence :
hence it is needless to write at length. Iam quite well, and shall
have plenty of occupation for two months in arranging my collec-
tions, &c.

* You may not hear from me again for some time, as I do not
wish to send despatches, which would be only risking people’s
lives needlessly.

** Iskardoh, 24th Feb. 1848.

“Though more than a month has now elapsed since the despatch
of my last letter,* yet I think it almost certain that this will reach
you at the same time, as I have reason to believe that the messen-
ger by whom I forwarded it, has not yet left Dras. Nor
have I very much information of a positive kind to communicate
to you, long as the interval is, having been shut up here by snow
since the date of my last. At that time I was in great hopes that
the worst of the season had passed. On the contrary, by much
the coldest, as well as (from the frequent and heavy snow) the
most unpleasant part has been during the past month. The
duration of the cold weather and the quantity of snow are both
considered by residents something unusual, and for me they have
been very unfortunate, as in consequence of my expecting all along
that I should be able to start, I have been kept in a state of com-
parative idleness ; with the greater part of my things packed up
and ready. Even now that the spring may, I trust, be considered
fairly set in, we have so little sun, that the snow has hardly begun

* The letter above alluded to, seems never to have reached its place of destination.
4x2

662 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

to disappear, though quite spongy and ready to melt with a couple
of sunny days. The roads or pathways are free of snow, so I have:
made up my mind, unless it snows heavily, to commence my
travels to-morrow. It is my intention to make eight or ten
marches, according to circumstances, down the Indus, so as to
be back here about the 13th of next month. I shall then be
guided entirely by what I may hear from India, from which
quarter, so soon as the pass is practicable, I ought to receive a
very large packet ; but as I have no more information than when
T last wrote, I need not speculate much on that subject. With
about one foot and a half of snow upon the ground, I have, of
course, been in a great measure a prisoner. In the morning and .
forenoon I generally took a good walk, till a sharp thaw commenced,
since which time the roads have been a mixture of snow and
water. Neither the cold, nor the quantity of snow is by any
means so great as at Ghuzné. The lowest temperature which I
have observed here has been 17° Cent. To-day the thermometer
rose to 43° F., and at sunset was at 34°. It is rather remarkable
that the snow disappears so very slowly with such a temperature.
For four days the temperature has risen above 40°, and yet the
apparent change is confined to spots round houses, and to foot-
paths ; the mass of snow, however, though not diminished in
depth, has evidently melted considerably.

“ Iskardoh, March 30, 1848.

“T have not written since the 24th ult., for evident reasons.
On the 25th of February I left this place on an exploring expedi-
tion down the Indus. As soon as I got beyond the open country
which forms the plain of Iskardoh, I found that the river entered
an exceedingly rugged, narrow valley, the mountains on each side
very precipitous, and the villages few in number, situated on ter-
races of alluvial conglomerate, at considerable elevations above
the stream. The nature of the country made my progress slow, —
the road consisting of a succession of ascents and descents from the
bank of the river, 500, 1000, or sometimes 2000 feet up, and —
then down again; so that the horizontal distance did not amount —

BOTANICAT, INFORMATION. 663

to more than one-third or so of the distance traversed. The snow
soon disappeared close to the river, but the weather continued
cold and unpleasant; vegetation making no progress, and the
road getting worse and worse, I turned back after six marches,
and reached Iskardoh again on the 11th inst. The road is quite
impracticable for horses in consequence of the number of ladders,
which form the only means of getting up precipices, so you may
conceive that it was of the worst possible description. I did not
get down below 6000 feet of absolute elevation, or 1000 below
Iskardoh, and obtained scarce any additions to my collection.
Since my return the change in the weather has been rapid; the
thermometer now rises to 64°, and the snow may be said to have
quite disappeared from the plains. I therefore start to-morrow for
Kashmir, which place I hope to reach in eighteen days. The
progress in vegetation is much slower than I anticipated. The
wheat and barley were sown early in the month, and are now
above the ground, by the aid of irrigation, but the willow buds
are only beginning to swell and the Plane trees, Walnuts, Apri-
cots and Mulberries are still quite dead to all appearance.

“ Kashmir, 26th April, 1848.

“ My situation for the last four or five months, in the midst of
snow and cold, has been so thoroughly anti-botanical, that I
have not had any matter to communicate to you which would
have justified me in troubling you with many letters. That
of 28th January, if it reached England, will haye informed you
of my unsuccessful attempt to cross the pass into Kashmir, and

of my return to Iskardoh. At that time I was sanguine enough |

to hope that the winter was about to terminate. Unfortunately
my anticipation did not prove correct: the heaviest snows and
coldest weather occurred in February ; and it was not till the
25th of that month that a change in the temperature sufficient
to produce rapid thaw having taken place, I was enabled to com-
mence moving about. Neither road being available, I turned
my course down the Indus, but after six days’ journey, finding the
country exceedingly barren and mountainous, and that the change.

664 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

of elevation was not sufficiently rapid to produce any marked
difference either in the nature or in the state of advancement of
the vegetation, and that the country before me was quite unin-
habited, and still more difficult than that I had passed through,
I gave up the attempt to proceed further, and returned to Iskardoh.
The district through which I made these six days journey is called
Rondee. I have some difficulty in finding terms to describe to
you the extremely barren and rocky nature of its mountains. It
is quite impracticable for horses or cattle of any kind, ladders ten
or fifteen feet in height occurring in many parts of the road, as
the only means of ascending and descending the face of the rocks.
There are a good many villages which in appearance do not differ
from those near Iskardoh ; the grounds are all terraced, and fruit
trees (principally apricots) abound: Beyond the villages all is
rock and stone. The melting snow had revived the patches of
moss which abound in the crevices of the rocks, and swelled them
like sponges, but I found very few which produced fructification.
The fruit trees were not as yet in flower, so that you will not expect
me to give you any detailed account of the vegetation. Indeed
the only fact of interest which I observed was the occurrence of
small woods of Pinus excelsa on the mountains on the south side
of the Indus, in two or threetplaces throughout Rondee, at eleva-
tions of 8 to 10,000 feet. I ascertained the species by means of
a single tree on the bank of the river, which I was assured was
the same species as those higher up. Pinus excelsa is, I believe,
generally the coniferous tree which, excluding Junipers, rise
highest ; so from analogy it might perhaps have been concluded
a priori, that it would occur furthest north. A species of Fraz-
nus (not seen higher up) was common near the river, just coming
into flower,—the same species, as far as I could ascertain, which
occurs also in Kanawar and Kamaon. Though the snow had
only just disappeared, several ferns were in full fructification,—
one of them, a very beautiful and delicate Adiantum, quite new
tome. In my six days’ journey, the bed of the river sunk about
1,000 feet, much too small a change to produce any alteration in
the species of plants. One plant of the plains, however, or rather

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 665

of the valleys at the foot of the mountains, I was able to recog-
nise, from withered specimens, Linaria ramosissima, an abundant
plant in many parts of the Punjaub, which I have not elsewhere
seen at any considerable elevation; but the extremely rocky
nature of the country, and the want of rain, are doubtless, in the
autumn months, productive of a degree of heat far greater than
that of the moister and more wooded districts, and little inferior
to that of the plains of India.
_ I returned to Iskardoh on the 11th of March, and was glad to
find that the snow had almost entirely disappeared. The pass
from which I had been turned back in December was not yet
practicable, so that I had to wait patiently for more than a fort-
. night longer before I was able finally to turn my back on the
place of my winter residence. The advance of spring was by no
means rapid. The weather was dry and sunny, with very often
high winds, and there were none of those “ genial showers” so
common in other parts of the world in spring, and which so
materially hasten its progress. The fruit trees, however, showed
some indications of commencing life, and near melting snow
the banks of streams, and in other moist and marshy plac
few plants made their appearance. A Crucifera (Hutchinsia ?)
and two minute Gentians were the earliest. Tussilago Farfara
was welcomed as an old friend; and in sunny corners I picked
ua specimen or two of a violet, a Gagea, a Carex, and one or
two other Cyperaceæ, and a few mosses. Still it was with great
pleasure that, having ascertained that at last the road was open,
I commenced my march for Kashmir on the 31st March. I did
not find much to interest me on the road till I reached this side `
of the pass, and as I made seven marches through snow, the -
journey was a fatiguing one. The part of Kashmir which is
entered by the route I followed (the only one at present open), is
the valley of the Scinde river, which, running east and west to
the north of the great valley, and separated from it by a lofty
range of mountains, unites its stream with the Jelam, a few miles
below the the town of Kashmir. When I entered the valley of
the Scinde, there was still deep snow, but the descent is with

666 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

such rapidity, that after two days’ journey I had the satisfaction of
again standing on terra firma. To the snow unfortunately suc-
ceeded heavy rain which rendered my journey here less pleasant
than it would otherwise have been. This is the rainy month in
Kashmir (as in Cabool), the periodical rains not making their way
across the high snowy range which forms the south boundary of
the valley. As soon as I got out of the snow, of course I found
the commencement of vegetation, and was of course busy enough.
The rapidity of the descent brought me very quickly into different
zones of vegetation; and as most of the trees were still bare of
leaves, and only a few herbaceous plants in flower, I fear my
observations are not of great value, and that I have no very clear
idea of the nature of the changes which took place. From the
crest of the pass, on which grew only a few birches and willows
covered with snow, the descent to the valley of the river was very
rapid, and pine forests soon came in sight,—Pinus excelsa as
usual attaining the greatest height. A Picea (Pindrow) was also
common. On the upper part of the river the banks were covered
with pines, birches, poplars and willows, the deciduous leaved
ees unfortunately not in a state to determine their species. By
degrees all these trees left the river, and were only to be seen on
the sides of the mountains, while the valley which had widened
considerably was occupied by fields, fruit trees, and cultivated
willows and poplars. The first shrub which occurred in flowerqas
Viburnum nervosum, the rose-coloured buds and white flowers of
which are exceedingly ornamental. I met with Falconer's Fother-
gilia involucrata in immense quantity in the lower half of the
Scinde valley, and indeed find the vegetation to accord exactly
with the description given by him as quoted at the end of the mtro-
duction to Royle's [lustrations. The Flora may be said to be inter-
mediate between that of the Indus valley, and of the eastern part
of the Himalaya: but in spite of the great difference in appear-
ance produced by the abundance of forest, it is I am inclined to
think considerably nearer the former. In richness and luxuriance
it agrees with the Simla and Massoori hills, but though many
species are common to both, yet, as Falconer has well remarked,

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 667

the most. characteristic species are absent ; on the other hand, we
have here many of the most characteristic plants of the Indus
valley; for instance, Juniperus excelsa, Rosa Webbiana, Myri-
caria, Ribes, Daphne, a violet and several ferns. The cultivated
trees, too, are common to both ;—there are the same magnificent
plane trees and walnuts, the same poplars, vines, apricots and
apples. .
“The Kashmir valley is very different from any other part of the
hills that I have seen, and not at all what I expected to find. It
is an extensive, perfectly flat plain, at present very much under
water, indeed almost a swamp, and quite devoid of forest. Where
not cultivated, it is grassy or marshy. Cultivated trees, however,
are plenty, and, from a height, its appearance, surrounded as it is
by a magnificent chain of snowy mountains, is exceedingly pleas-
ing, almost beautiful, though not so much I think as the more
mountainous and wooded parts of the Himalaya. As in the valley
of the Scinde river, I am still too early to find many plants, but
the young corn and the grassy meadows already produce a e
deal to interest me. I am overwhelmed with Crucifera;w
yellow, and pink, and as, though in full flower, hardly citis a a
seed far enough advanced to ascertain the grand discriminating
character of the tribes, I am quite unable to name them. Among.
the number, Draba verna (I think) is very common. I. was not
aware before, that it was a Himalayan plant. Curiously enough
I have met with more than one of the plants which I had collected
in early spring at Lahore,—the source of which I had been puz-
zled to trace,—a species of the Siberian genus, Goldbachia, is one —
of these. oo
“ The letter from Humboldt, which you were so kind as to — —
enclose, has been of the greatest possible interest and value to me,
bearing as it does so much on the countries which I have visited,
and to which I hope to return. The observations of our party
will have done something towards answering some of the points
referred to, and to the rest, as far as in my power, I shall not fail
to turn my attention should I again have an opportunity. The
occurrence of fish in streams at 15,000 feet, T considered at the
VOL, VII. | AL

668 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

time an exceedingly interesting fact. I do not think it likely
that they could exist much higher; the same point seems to be
about the highest level of human habitation and of cultivation.

* My future destination is very undecided. My own plans are
fixed enough, but I do not know whether they will be approved of.
I shall leave this in two or three days for Jamu, going up the
valley, and crossing by the Banahal pass into the valley of the
Chenab. I go to Jamu to get rid of my collections, which are
now very bulky. Jamu is on the edge of the plains, and I shall
there be able to put them on camels, and send them to Ferozepore
where my other collections are. The distance from this is sixteen
days’ journey, and I shall traverse on the way every climate, from
perpetual snow to the belt of tropical forest. My harvest, there-
fore, ought to be very rich. From Jamu my wish is to ascend
the Chenab to a little above Kishtawar, thence due east across a
snowy pass to the Zanskar river, which flows north to join the
Indus through a Tartaric climate. It has appeared to me, on
due reflection, that the country which for botanical objects is
- most important to visit, of all those in that part of the world

to which access is practicable, is Ladakh and Nubra, the botany of
which is, I believe, quite unexplored. The few plants which
Moorcroft collected seem to be mostly either from this valley or
from the neighbourhood of Dunkar in the Piti valley, and their
number, even were they all Ladakh plants, is, in my opinion,
quite significant. My route would, therefore, be down the Zans-
kar river to its junction with the Indus, then a few marches down
the Indus to a place called Himis, where there is a pass across
the mountains to the valley of the Shayuk, up which river I
should like to march to Nubra, and thence to travel across the
mountains to the pass which leads over to the Karakoram* range
to Yarkund, and beyond that pass is Chinese territory into which
there will be no possibility of penetrating. I should therefore
return by Ladakh again into Kashmir about the beginning of
September, and I should then proceed in October and November
through the lower range of mountains to our own provinces." -

* Information has arrived (Nov. 1848), of Dr. Thomson having actually reached -
the Karakoram range. ove

BOTANICAL INFORMATION, 669

To another friend Dr. T. Thomson writes,

“Kashmir, April 26, 1848.

“ My last letter to you was from Iskardoh, just previous to my
leaving that place. I have now to give you an account of my
travels and adventures on the road here, and of the appearance of
' the country which I have now reached. As I believe I told you
in my last was my intention, I started from Iskardoh on the 31st
of March, ascending the Indus by the same road which I had pre-
viously twice pursued in December. Some days of very mild
sunny weather made travelling very pleasant, but the country had
not the advantage of novelty, and the vegetation had made very
little progress, so I was very eager to get on. The inclination of
the bed of the Indus is, for the most part, very gentle, not rising,
l estimate roughly, more than 1500 feet in the seven marches
during which my road lay along it. For that period, therefore,
the climate did not change very much, but on turning up the
valley of the Dras river, a marked alteration for the worse was
soon perceptible, the inclination of its bed being much more con-
siderable, so that I ascended 6 or 700 feet in every march. On
the second day I got among snow again. The weather, however,
was so mild that there was no feeling of cold when in motion,
and there would have been none at all but for the rapid thawing
of the snow, which rendered it impossible to keep the feet dry. I
was unfortunate too, in meeting with cloudy weather, which made
the snow soft and yielding. Two rainy days and nights, also,
were anything but pleasant. During one of these I was sta-
tionary, having travelled. faster than the unpunctual authorities -
had expected, so that the arrangements for my progress were not
made. In the Dras valley there were usually about three feet of
snow, but in very many places, from the steepness of the moun-
tain sides the snow had, by sliding down, accumulated to a much
greater depth. I forget whether I described to you these ava-
lanches, of which I saw numbers on the Indus during and at the
end of the winter, in my last letter. They consist of balls of
snow of all sizes, from a few inches to a yard or more in didme-
ter, these being of course partially obliterated where fresh snow

. ._ 412 ur xg

670 BOTANICAL INFORMATION.

in quantity has fallen after the slip had taken place. On these
avalanches there was now and then some little difficulty in passing.
I had to leave my horse behind, as he sank so deeply through
them that his progress became impossible. An occasional dip up
to the waist was the only inconvenience I experienced myself, till
reaching the last day's ascent, or that in which the Dras valley `
terminates and Kashmir is entered. That, however, proved a for-
midable day’s work in consequence of a heavy fall of snow having
commenced within an hour of my starting in the morning. ‘The
snow continued to fall thickly and heavily till the afternoon, when
it cleared up a little. I had almost resolved to turn back, but
had made so much progress that I thought it would be a pity. :
During the day about three feet of new snow fell, which rendered
walking exceedingly laborious, and completely knocked me up.
The distance was, I estimate, sixteen or seventeen miles, and
for the, last four or five I was so thoroughly exhausted that
I had great doubts whether or not I should be able to
finish the journey. Hunger had much to do with my condition, for
the cold snow rendered it impossible to stop for breakfast, which
is usually my custom in the middle of a march. The journey, how-
ever, was at last accomplished in fourteen hours, and though our
accommodation was not of the most splendid description, I cer-
tainly enjoyed my dinner and rest much that night. The place
where we stopped was uninhabited, but there was a large -
apartment built for travellers, unfortunately not in very good
repair, so that I thought it best to sleep in my tent, leaving the
house such as it was for my servants, &c. &c, my party numbering
a good deal more than one hundred men, quite enough to fill at
thoroughly. It continued to snow heavily all night, and Į was
awoke before daybreak by certain peculiarly ominous sounds which,
on a little reflection, I was convinced were produced by the crack-
ing of the ridge pole of my tent, from the weight of the snow on
it. I had in consequence to jump up at once, and run for safety
and shelter into the house.

* Of the pass between Dras and Kashmir, of course, I saw little
or nothing. The aseent was very gentle, almost imperceptible a
indeed, and the accumulation of snow was quite incapable of esti- —

BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 671

mate. think, i assuming it in places at 100 feet deep, I am
very considerably under the mark. This of course was not from
direct falls, but from repeated accumulations of avalanches one on
the top of another. The stream was often quite covered over for
hundreds of yards uninterruptedly, so as to be completely invisible,
The descent on the south side was also at first gentle, so much
so, that from the great quantity of snow, I was not aware of the
precise point where it commenced. It soon however became con-
siderable, and latterly was very abrupt indeed, down a ravine and
snowy pine forest, forming a striking contrast to the country in
which I had passed the winter. ——

* [t was on the 13th April that I crossed the pass, and as it con-
tinued to snow heavily all the next day, I did not attempt to
move, but remained at Baltal, and made myself as comfortable as
I could in the large room which I have described. My only
suffering was from smoke which affected my eyes, already weak-
ened by so much exposure to snow, to a very painful extent ; nor
was it possible for me to forbid fires, the whole party requiring not
only warmth but food, of which they had had very little the day
before. The part of Kashmir which I had entered was the valley
of the Scinde river running east and west, and separated from the
greater valley by a high range of mountains forming its boundary.
Down this river I commenced my march on the 15th still through
deep snow, but descending rapidly at the end of the second day, I
found the country free of snow. Heavy rain compelled me to halt
again on the 17th, and the next two days were not very much
better, but I succeeded in making marches, and on the 20th I
halted for the purpose of looking over my collections.

* As I had descended the valley of the Scinde river it had
gradually widened, and on my march of the 21st, turning
considerably to the south, I found it became very wide, and took
up my quarters for the day in a villfge close to its termination
and junction with the great valley. On the 22d, my road, after
rounding a low ridge of hills (the termination of the range on the
south of the Scinde valley), lay due east to, and through, the town
of Kashmir to a very pleasant house in a garden, in which I have
taken up my quarters. T. Tuomson.”

L3

672 NEW SONERILA FROM BOMBAY.

Figure and description of a new SoNERILA from Bombay ; dis-
covered by N. A. Daizez, Esq.; by W. J. H.

(Tas. XXIII.)

Sonerila is a genus of extremely elegant East Indian plants, which
had been much neglected, and for a long time little understood. The
first known species was described and figured by Rheede, in Hortus
Malabaricus, under the name of Soneri-ila ; and upon this and three new
species, Roxburgh characterized and established the genus in his
valuable Flora Indica ; remarking, however, that ** in its tibus charac-
ter, it agrees very exactly with Burmannia ; but, further observing that
the ovula are attached on their respective receptacles of the cells exactly
as in Osbechia Chinensis.” Dr. Wallich properly referred it to Melasto-
macee. "The history of the genus is fully given by Mr. Bennett, in the
Plante Javanicæ of Dr. Horsfield ; and to him we must refer also for
a full character of the genus, and of the thirteen species with which he
was acquainted. Many others, we have reason to believe, yet undes-
cribed ones, exist in the Herbaria of others as well as in our own col-
lection. Our present object is to figure and describe a new species
lately received, with many other interesting plants from Bombay, and
which, as far as we can ascertain, is unique in having no stem : hence
we name it,

SONERILA SCAPIGERA, n. Sp. ;

Glaberrima acaulis, foliis radicalibus cordatis serratis longe petiolatis
heteroneuris,* scapis folia æquantibus, pedicellis umbellato-racemosis,
pedicellis flore longioribus, calyei tubo glaberrimo infundibuliformi ob-
scure trisulcato ; limbo trilobo lobis triangularibus acutis, petalis obo-
vatis oblique acutis, staminibus stylum æquantibus, stigmate depresso-
globoso.

Has. The Ghauts, near Bombay ; found in the rainy season. NA
Dalzell, Esq.

The affinity of this is with S. maculata, Roxb. (and Bennett, PI.
Javan. Rar. p. 215) ; but this plant is smaller in every respect, really
stemless, quite glabrous, not even ciliated at the margin of the leaves,
the leaves themselves quite cordate, scarcely at all ineequilateral.

Tab. XXIIL Fig. 1, Flower-bud ; f. 2, expanded flower ; f. 3, trans-

verse section of an ovary.

_* See Mr. Bennett, L c. for the application of this term.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

OF THE CONTENTS OF THE SEVENTH VOLUME OF THE

LONDON JOURNAL OF BOTANY.

APIAVURI

Algæ, New Zealand, Drs. Hooker and Harvey
on, 443.

America (South), Contributions to Botany of,
by J. Miers, Esq., 17, 57, 333.

ME Seemanni, Note on, by W. J. HL,

Aulacopilum, brief characters of, by W. Wil-
son, 90

Australia, Leichhardt’s journey in, 322.

- three new Mosses of, described by

. W. Wilson, Esq., 26.

Barley, Thibetian, 215.

Bentham, G. Esq., Contributions to the Flora

of Guiana, 116.

Enumeration of Legaminosæ, 580.
Note on the Genus Benjaminia, 567.
Berkeley, Rev. M. J., Decades of Fungi, 572.
UE Dr. Sendtner's Botanical Journey to,

Botanical Information, 28, 97, 161, 200,
237, uen 443, 537, 657.

cursion to Shah Bilawul, by Dr.
Stocks, 550. NN

Journey to Bosnia, by Dr. Sendt-

- Mission fo fadi :
E. dia, by Dr. Hooker,

ner, 4

. Santa Fé, b
Fendler, 44. "m

Mr. Gardner on the Botany of, 78, |

286, 395.

Flo
Mitten, 529. some new plants of, by W.

Bromfield, Dr. A. W., Notes on the Botany, |

&c., of the United States, 138, 205, 370.

California, plants from, 385.
Campanula,

by H.C.
Conferva ægagropila, by Rev. T. Salway, 213.
. Cruciferous erous Flowers, on the structure oi y
-Moquin-Tandon and P. Parker Webb, I.

further remarks on the pollen-

Cryptogamiæ collected on Pichincha, described
by Dr. Taylor, 278.

Fendler's Journey to Santa Fè, 44.

Ficuum Species Nigritianæ, by Prof. Miquel,
563.

— — ——— Prodromus, by Prof. Miquel, 64, `
109, 221, 425, 451.

Fumaria, on a new, by W. Mitten, 556.
Fungi, Decades of, by Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
572.
Gardner, G., Esq., Flora of Brazil 78, 286,

395.
Guiana, Contributions to the Flora of, by G.
Bentham, Esq., 116.

Hance, H. C., his Mosses from China,

on some new Chinese Plants, 471.

Harvey, Dr. W. H., on a new British Saxi-
frage, 569.

Professor of Botany in the Dublin
Institution, 163.

Hemp, manufacture of, at Manilla, 268. ;

Heward, R., remarks on Dr. Leichardt's Aus-
tralian journey, 322.

Hilaire, A. de St. on the Patchouly plant, 385. —

Hooker, Sir Wm., on Anemia Seemanni, 564.

on a new deem 566.

on Ranunculus Javanicus,

565. :

on a new Sonerila, 672.

Dr. Botanical Mission to India,

. 237, 297. E v6 vi

| Indian News, extract from, 537,

Pichincha, 187, 278. ;

Leguminase, Enumeration of, by G. Bentham,
5

Le Jolis, on a New Zealand Flax, 533.

| Linex, Dr. Planchon on, 165, 473, 507.

Miers, J., Esq., Contributions to South Amer-

VLL LI MERE
i i ^ itianæ, 563.
64, 109, 221, 425, 451. :

Mitten, W., on some plants new to the —
British Flora, 528. i

——- on a new species of Fumaria, 556. —

674

Moquin-Tandon, A., and P. B. Webb, on the
structure of Cruciferous flowers, 1.

Mosses (Chinese), described by Wilson, 273.

(Australian), three new, by W. Wilson,

26.

Musa Textilis; manufacture of Hemp, by T.
M‘Micking, 268.

Musci, new, collected by Jameson, described
by Dr. Taylor, 187, 278.

Nelumbium Jamaicense, 46.
North American Botany, 271.

Patchouly plant, A. de St. Hilaire on the, 385.

Pentagonia, on a species of, by W. J. H., 566.

Phormium, or New Zealand Flax, on a new
kind of, by A. Le Jolis, 533,

Planchon, Dr., on Lineæ, 165, 473, 507.

Pyrenees (Spanish), Borgeau’s Plants of, 161.

Quito, plants from the Andes of, 385.

Ranunculus Javanicus, Note on, by W. J. H.
565.

Salway, Rev. T., on Confervæ ægagropila, 213.

Santa Fé, Fendler’s Journey to, 44.

Saxifrage, on a new British, by Dr. W. H.
Harvey, 569.

Scinde Botany, 539.

Sendtner’s Botanical Journey to Bosnia, 42.

Simpson, Sir G., Brief notices of plants, 216.

Stocks, Dr. J. E., Botanical excursion to Shah
Bilawul, 550.
Scinde, 539.

Swan River, plants from the, 385.

Taylor, Dr. Thomas, characters of new Cryp-

on the economic Botany of

togamize, collected on Pichincha, 187, 278.

Death of, 162.

——— herbarium of, on sale, 385, 445.

Thibetian Barley, 215.

Thomson, Dr. T., Scientific Mission to Thibet,
28, 97, 200, 657.

United States, Notes on the Botany, Weather,
n by Dr. W. A. Bromfield, 135, 206,

Wilson, Wm., Esq., on three new Australian
Mosses, 26.

———— brief characters of Aulacopilum, 90.

Further remarks on the pollen col-
lectors of Campanula, 92.

——— Mosses collected in China by Ander-
son, 273.

Webb, P. Barker and A. Moquin-Tandon, on
the structure of Cruciferous flowers, 1.

Reviews and Notices of B

INDEX.

De Vriese (W. H,) ; Deseriptions des Plantes
Nouvelles, &c., des Pays Bas, 559.
Dunal, Petit Bouquet Mediterranéen, 108.

Emerson, G. B.; Report on trees, &c., of
Massachusetts, 560. 3

Gasparrini ; Richerchi sulla natura del Capri- `
fici e del Fici, &c., 164.

Gardiner; Flora of Forfarshire, 387.

Genera Flore Americæ Boreali-orientalis illus-
trata, by Sprague and Gray, 389. :

Geneva. Notices sur les Plantes rares culti-
vées dans le Jardin Bot. de Genève ; by
A. P. and A. De Candolle, 107.

Gray ; Botany of the United States, 388.

Griffith, W., Posthumous papers of, 446,

Harvey, Dr. W. H.; Nereis Australis, 49.

Hepaticæ Britanniez ; by W. Graham M‘Tvor,
55.

Hepaticarum Synopsis; by Gottsche, Linden- —
berg, and Nees ab Esenbeck, 106.

Hoffmeister ; Travels in Ceylon and India, 393.

Hooker, Dr. J. D., Flora Antarctica, 52. ——

Iconographia Familiarum Nat. Reg. Veg. by
Schnizlein, 107.

Johnson; Opuscula Omnia, ed. J. S. Ralph
2

72.
Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern.

Asia, 218. .

Labels (Botanical) for Herbaria, 105.
Leyden. Descriptions, &e., des plantes noù: —
velles du Jard. Bot., by W. A. De Vriese, —
220. 25
Miquel, Professor; Revisio critica Casuarina- |
rum, 562. :
Mitchell, Lieut, Col. Sir F. L., Journey into
the interior of Australia, 450. ues
Nederlandsch Kruidhundig Archif, by de —
Vriese, Dozy, and Molkenboer, 386.

| Nuttall's Description of plants of Rocky Mown- P f

tains and Upper California, 391. x
Dr. Hi Pist of S. African Plants, tel ae
as remedies by the colonists, 561. — —
Plante re s. Enumeratio Plantarum
que onllegit L Preiss; ed. Chr. Lehmann, —
Pritzel, A. G., Thesaurus Literature Bot- —
nies, &c., 559. :
Ralfs; British Desmidieæ, 392, 501. — D
Sap, Experimental Inquiry into the eause 0 —
the Ascent and Descent of; by G. Rainey,
- P

-SFløram Rossicam illustrantes, 559., —
Tucke: man Ed.; Lichens of N. Amen ®
N. United States and British America,

H

TS i à >
LUS t

zd
RT
cS
d

Phaseum Drummondi.

achnum Gunn.

Spl

VoLVI Tabl

Sycomorus panifica :

ro

Vol VIL Tab

Aulae opilum. glaucum.

Vol VIL. Tab V ;

Ficus acutiloba, Mg.

Vol VIL Tab VI.

E

Eg Sus:
m» aq
"

LG
`

Ficus : pedunculosa

VoL VII Tab VIL

Covellia volkameriefoha , My.

Vol VIL Tab.X.

Vol Vii ISSAL.

. Synœcia falcata. Mig

Urostigma Vo geli

“Tab XIL
elegans

E

Mum.

U. ottomefolium

'S. Thonningiana .

VoLVIL Tab XV.

Ficus ludens.

Vol VI Tab.

fida

&

nnati

>
ge

fl
N

a
"
Li

LUS

$
nd

a
1

CSD

Vol. VIL Tab. XX: XXE.

ZL

Lc

nd

=

ZA

GS

EN

IF
i

Ai

Xr

X

.

b

Ta

Vol